Synapsida (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Synapsida" in English language version.

Last modified: 04:49:06, 16 August 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

7456nih.gov

5^th place

6853doi.org

2^nd place

3727worldcat.org

4^th place

3630adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

1512semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

22books.google.com

3^rd place

22web.archive.org

1^st place

22tolweb.org

2,815^th place

3,619^th place

22jstor.org

23^rd place

15^th place

22cell.com

2,821^st place

4,262^nd place

22berkeley.edu

621^st place

429^th place

21cambridge.org

209^th place

151^st place

11zenodo.org

737^th place

426^th place

11researchgate.net

96^th place

89^th place

11uchospitals.edu

low place

11scientificamerican.com

1,110^th place

817^th place

11orionmagazine.org

low place

11nasmus.co.za

low place

11annualreviews.org

2,959^th place

2,678^th place

11oup.com

292^nd place

233^rd place

11springer.com

182^nd place

172^nd place

11hal.science

2,005^th place

1,689^th place

11rero.ch

3,023^rd place

2,092^nd place

11nationalgeographic.com

489^th place

425^th place

11hdl.handle.net

66^th place

34^th place

11umd.edu

1,356^th place

1,172^nd place

11nsf.gov

3,608^th place

2,387^th place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Long, J. A.; Niedźwiedzki, G.; Garvey, J.; Clement, A. M.; Camens, A. B.; Eury, C. A.; Eason, J.; Ahlberg, P. E. (2025). "Earliest amniote tracks recalibrate the timeline of tetrapod evolution". Nature. 641 (8065): 1193–1200. Bibcode:2025Natur.641.1193L. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08884-5. PMC 12119326. PMID 40369062.
Brocklehurst, N. (2021). "The first age of reptiles? Comparing reptile and synapsid diversity, and the influence of lagerstätten, during the Carboniferous and early Permian". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9 669765. Bibcode:2021FrEEv...969765B. doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.669765.
Simões, T.; Kammerer, C. (August 2022). "Successive climate crises in the deep past drove the early evolution and radiation of reptiles". Science Advances. 08 (33) eabq1898. Bibcode:2022SciA....8.1898S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abq1898. PMC 9390993. PMID 35984885. S2CID 251694019.
D. W. Dilkes, R. R. Reisz (1996). "First Record of a Basal Synapsid ('Mammal-Like Reptile') in Gondwana". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 263 (1374): 1165–1170. Bibcode:1996PBioS.263.1165.. doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0170.
Benoit, Julien; Abdala, Fernando; Manger, Paul R.; Rubidge, Bruce S. (2016-03-17). "The Sixth Sense in Mammalian Forerunners: Variability of the Parietal Foramen and the Evolution of the Pineal Eye in South African Permo-Triassic Eutheriodont Therapsids". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (4): 777–789. Bibcode:2016AcPaP..61..777B. doi:10.4202/app.00219.2015. ISSN 0567-7920.
Huttenlocker, A. K.; Singh, S. A.; Henrici, A. C.; Sumida, S. S. (2021). "A Carboniferous synapsid with caniniform teeth and a reappraisal of mandibular size-shape heterodonty in the origin of mammals". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (12) 211237. Bibcode:2021RSOS....811237H. doi:10.1098/rsos.211237. PMC 8672069. PMID 34925870.
Rubidge, Bruce S.; Sidor, Christian A. (November 2001). "Evolutionary Patterns Among Permo-Triassic Therapsids". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 32 (1): 449–480. Bibcode:2001AnRES..32..449R. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114113. ISSN 0066-4162.
Sullivan, Corwin; Reisz, Robert R.; Smith, Roger M. H. (2003-01-22). "The Permian mammal-like herbivore Diictodon , the oldest known example of sexually dimorphic armament". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 270 (1511): 173–178. Bibcode:2003PBioS.270..173S. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2189. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1691218. PMID 12590756.
Norton, Luke A.; Abdala, Fernando; Rubidge, Bruce S.; Botha, Jennifer (2020-12-30). Viriot, Laurent (ed.). "Tooth replacement patterns in the Early Triassic epicynodont Galesaurus planiceps (Therapsida, Cynodontia)". PLOS ONE. 15 (12) e0243985. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1543985N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243985. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7773207. PMID 33378326.
Marchetti, L.; Logghe, A.; Buchwitz, M.; Fröbisch, J. (2025). "Early Permian synapsid impressions illuminate the origin of epidermal scales and aggregation behavior". Current Biology. 35 (11): 2752–2759.e2. Bibcode:2025CBio...35.2752M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.077. PMID 40412378.
Mooney, Ethan D.; Maho, Tea; Philp, R. Paul; Bevitt, Joseph J.; Reisz, Robert R. (2024-01-22). "Paleozoic cave system preserves oldest-known evidence of amniote skin". Current Biology. 34 (2): 417–426.e4. Bibcode:2024CBio...34..417M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.008. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 38215745.
Bajdek, Piotr; Qvarnström, Martin; Owocki, Krzysztof; Sulej, Tomasz; Sennikov, Andrey G.; Golubev, Valeriy K.; Niedźwiedzki, Grzegorz (2016). "Microbiota and food residues including possible evidence of pre-mammalian hair in Upper Permian coprolites from Russia". Lethaia. 49 (4): 455–477. Bibcode:2016Letha..49..455B. doi:10.1111/let.12156.
Benoit, J.; Manger, P. R.; Rubidge, B. S. (2016-05-09). "Palaeoneurological clues to the evolution of defining mammalian soft tissue traits". Scientific Reports. 6 (1) 25604. Bibcode:2016NatSR...625604B. doi:10.1038/srep25604. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4860582. PMID 27157809.
Ji, Q.; Luo, Z-X; Yuan, Chong-Xi; Tabrum, Alan R. (February 2006). "A swimming mammaliaform from the middle Jurassic and ecomorphological diversification of early mammals" (PDF). Science. 311 (5764): 1123–7. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1123J. doi:10.1126/science.1123026. PMID 16497926. S2CID 46067702.
See also the news item at "Jurassic "beaver" found; rewrites history of mammals". National Geographic. Feb 2006.
Meng, Qing-Jin; Grossnickle, David M.; Di, Liu; Zhang, Yu-Guang; Neander, April I.; Ji, Qiang; Luo, Zhe-Xi (2017). "New gliding mammaliaforms from the Jurassic". Nature. 548 (7667): 291–296. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..291M. doi:10.1038/nature23476. PMID 28792929. S2CID 205259206.
Luo, Zhe-Xi; Meng, Qing-Jin; Grossnickle, David M.; Di, Liu; Neander, April I.; Zhang, Yu-Guang; Ji, Qiang (2017). "New evidence for mammaliaform ear evolution and feeding adaptation in a Jurassic ecosystem". Nature. 548 (7667): 326–329. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..326L. doi:10.1038/nature23483. PMID 28792934. S2CID 4463476.
Meng, J.; Hu, Y.-M.; Wang, Y.-Q.; Wang, X.-L.; Li, C.-K. (2007). "Corrigendum: A Mesozoic gliding mammal from northeastern China". Nature. 446 (7131): 102. Bibcode:2007Natur.446Q.102M. doi:10.1038/nature05639.
Gaetano, L.C.; Rougier, G.W. (2011). "New materials of Argentoconodon fariasorum (Mammaliaformes, Triconodontidae) from the Jurassic of Argentina and its bearing on triconodont phylogeny". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (4): 829–843. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..829G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.589877. hdl:11336/68497. S2CID 85069761.
Sepúlveda-Vásquez, Andrés; Ceballos, Claudia P.; Tamayo-Arango, Lynda J. (2025-10-09). Cray Jr., James J (ed.). "Reproductive tract and pouch anatomical variability across the reproductive phases in female common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758)". PLOS ONE. 20 (10) e0334040. Bibcode:2025PLoSO..2034040S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0334040. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 12510574. PMID 41066409.
Hall, Margaret I.; Rodriguez-Sosa, José R.; Plochocki, Jeffrey H. (2017-08-23). "Reorganization of mammalian body wall patterning with cloacal septation". Scientific Reports. 7 (1) 9182. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.9182H. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09359-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5569103. PMID 28835612.
Benoit, Julien; Fernandez, Vincent; Botha, Jennifer (2026-04-09). Fröbisch, Jörg (ed.). "The first non-mammalian synapsid embryo from the Triassic of South Africa". PLOS ONE. 21 (4) e0345016. Bibcode:2026PLoSO..2145016B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0345016. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 13065020. PMID 41955224.
Oftedal, O.T. (2012-03-01). "The evolution of milk secretion and its ancient origins". Animal. 6 (3): 355–368. Bibcode:2012Anim....6..355O. doi:10.1017/S1751731111001935. ISSN 1751-732X. PMID 22436214.
Knaus, Philipp L.; van Heteren, Anneke H.; Lungmus, Jacqueline K.; Sander, P. Martin (2021-12-24). "High Blood Flow Into the Femur Indicates Elevated Aerobic Capacity in Synapsids Since the Synapsida-Sauropsida Split". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9 751238. Bibcode:2021FrEEv...951238K. doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.751238. ISSN 2296-701X.
Faure-Brac, Mathieu G.; Woodward, Holly N.; Aubier, Paul; Cubo, Jorge (2024-04-19). "On the origins of endothermy in amniotes". iScience. 27 (4) 109375. Bibcode:2024iSci...27j9375F. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109375. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 10966186. PMID 38544566.
Angielczyk, K. D.; Schmitz, L. (2014-10-22). "Nocturnality in synapsids predates the origin of mammals by over 100 million years". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1793) 20141642. Bibcode:2014PBioS.28141642A. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1642. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 4173690. PMID 25186003.
Modesto, Sean P.; Smith, Roger M. H.; Campione, Nicolás E.; Reisz, Robert R. (2011). "The last 'pelycosaur': a varanopid synapsid from the Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone, Middle Permian of South Africa". Naturwissenschaften. 98 (12): 1027–34. Bibcode:2011NW.....98.1027M. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0856-2. PMID 22009069. S2CID 27865550.
Bramble, D. M.; Jenkins, F. A. (1993). "Mammalian locomotor-respiratory integration: Implications for diaphragmatic and pulmonary design". Science. 262 (5131): 235–240. Bibcode:1993Sci...262..235B. doi:10.1126/science.8211141. PMID 8211141.
Thulborn, T.; Turner, S. (2003). "The last dicynodont: an Australian Cretaceous relict". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 270 (1518): 985–993. Bibcode:2003PBioS.270..985T. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2296. JSTOR 3558635. PMC 1691326. PMID 12803915.
Benson, R.J. (2012). "Interrelationships of basal synapsids: cranial and postcranial morphological partitions suggest different topologies". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (4): 601–624. Bibcode:2012JSPal..10..601B. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.631042. S2CID 84706899.
Neil Brocklehurst; Robert Reisz; Vincent Fernandez; Jörg Fröbisch (2016). "A Re-Description of 'Mycterosaurus' smithae, an Early Permian Eothyridid, and Its Impact on the Phylogeny of Pelycosaurian-Grade Synapsids". PLOS ONE. 11 (6) e0156810. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1156810B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156810. PMC 4917111. PMID 27333277.

annualreviews.org (Global: 2,959^th place; English: 2,678^th place)

Rubidge, Bruce S.; Sidor, Christian A. (November 2001). "Evolutionary Patterns Among Permo-Triassic Therapsids". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 32 (1): 449–480. Bibcode:2001AnRES..32..449R. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114113. ISSN 0066-4162.

berkeley.edu (Global: 621^st place; English: 429^th place)

evolution.berkeley.edu

"Jaws to ears in the ancestors of mammals". evolution.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2020-02-20.

ucmp.berkeley.edu

"Life History and Ecology of the Monotremata". www.ucmp.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-23.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

David S. Berman (2013). "Diadectomorphs, amniotes or not?". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 60: 22–35.
Kemp, T.S. (2011). "The origin and radiation of therapsids". In Chinsamy-Turan, A. (ed.). Forerunners of Mammals. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 3–30. ISBN 978-0-253-35697-0.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Bolton, Andrew D.; Mangera, Taahirah; Benoit, Julien (2025-08-12). "150 years of synapsid paleoneurology: the origins of the mammalian brain, behavior, sense organs and physiology". Journal of Paleontology: 1–29. doi:10.1017/jpa.2025.10121. ISSN 0022-3360.

cell.com (Global: 2,821^st place; English: 4,262^nd place)

Mooney, Ethan D.; Maho, Tea; Philp, R. Paul; Bevitt, Joseph J.; Reisz, Robert R. (2024-01-22). "Paleozoic cave system preserves oldest-known evidence of amniote skin". Current Biology. 34 (2): 417–426.e4. Bibcode:2024CBio...34..417M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.008. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 38215745.
Marchetti, Lorenzo; Logghe, Antoine; Rebillard, Arnaud; MacDougall, Mark J.; Fröbisch, Jörg (2026-08-21). "The evolutionary significance of the earliest cloacal opening in Synapsida". iScience. 29 (8) 116752. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.116752. ISSN 2589-0042.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Long, J. A.; Niedźwiedzki, G.; Garvey, J.; Clement, A. M.; Camens, A. B.; Eury, C. A.; Eason, J.; Ahlberg, P. E. (2025). "Earliest amniote tracks recalibrate the timeline of tetrapod evolution". Nature. 641 (8065): 1193–1200. Bibcode:2025Natur.641.1193L. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08884-5. PMC 12119326. PMID 40369062.
Klembara, Jozef; Hain, Miroslav; Ruta, Marcello; Berman, David S.; Pierce, Stephanie E.; Henrici, Amy C. (2019). "Inner ear morphology of diadectomorphs and seymouriamorphs (Tetrapoda) uncovered by high-resolution x-ray microcomputed tomography, and the origin of the amniote crown group". Palaeontology. 63: 131–154. doi:10.1111/pala.12448.
Brocklehurst, N. (2021). "The first age of reptiles? Comparing reptile and synapsid diversity, and the influence of lagerstätten, during the Carboniferous and early Permian". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9 669765. Bibcode:2021FrEEv...969765B. doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.669765.
Simões, T.; Kammerer, C. (August 2022). "Successive climate crises in the deep past drove the early evolution and radiation of reptiles". Science Advances. 08 (33) eabq1898. Bibcode:2022SciA....8.1898S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abq1898. PMC 9390993. PMID 35984885. S2CID 251694019.
Seeley, Harry Govier (1895). "Researches on the structure, organisation, and classification of the fossil reptilia. Part X. On the complete skeleton of an anomodont reptile (Aristodesmus rutimeyeri, Wiedersheim), from the Bunter sandstone of Reihen, near Basel, giving new evidence of the relation of the Anomodontia to the Monotremata". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 59 (353–358): 167–169. doi:10.1098/rspl.1895.0070.
Jenkins, Xavier A; Benson, Roger BJ; Ford, David P; Browning, Claire; Fernandez, Vincent; Dollman, Kathleen; Gomes, Timothy; Griffiths, Elizabeth; Choiniere, Jonah N; Peecook, Brandon R (28 August 2025). "Evolutionary assembly of crown reptile anatomy clarified by late Paleozoic relatives of Neodiapsida". Peer Community Journal. 5 e89. doi:10.24072/pcjournal.620. eISSN 2804-3871. S2CID 274305322.
D. W. Dilkes, R. R. Reisz (1996). "First Record of a Basal Synapsid ('Mammal-Like Reptile') in Gondwana". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 263 (1374): 1165–1170. Bibcode:1996PBioS.263.1165.. doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0170.
Marjanović, D. (2021). "The Making of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates". Frontiers in Genetics. 12 521693. doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.521693. PMC 8149952. PMID 34054911.
Pardo, Jason D.; Lennie, Kendra; Anderson, Jason S. (2020-10-16). "Can We Reliably Calibrate Deep Nodes in the Tetrapod Tree? Case Studies in Deep Tetrapod Divergences". Frontiers in Genetics. 11 506749. doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.506749. ISSN 1664-8021. PMC 7596322. PMID 33193596.
Angielczyk, Kenneth D. (2009). "Dimetrodon is not a dinosaur: Using tree thinking to understand the ancient relatives of mammals and their evolution". Evolution: Education and Outreach. 2 (2): 257–271. doi:10.1007/s12052-009-0117-4. S2CID 24110810.
Modesto, S.P.; Anderson, J.S. (2004). "The phylogenetic definition of Reptilia". Systematic Biology. 53 (5): 815–821. doi:10.1080/10635150490503026. PMID 15545258.
Benoit, Julien; Abdala, Fernando; Manger, Paul R.; Rubidge, Bruce S. (2016-03-17). "The Sixth Sense in Mammalian Forerunners: Variability of the Parietal Foramen and the Evolution of the Pineal Eye in South African Permo-Triassic Eutheriodont Therapsids". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (4): 777–789. Bibcode:2016AcPaP..61..777B. doi:10.4202/app.00219.2015. ISSN 0567-7920.
Huttenlocker, A. K.; Singh, S. A.; Henrici, A. C.; Sumida, S. S. (2021). "A Carboniferous synapsid with caniniform teeth and a reappraisal of mandibular size-shape heterodonty in the origin of mammals". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (12) 211237. Bibcode:2021RSOS....811237H. doi:10.1098/rsos.211237. PMC 8672069. PMID 34925870.
Rubidge, Bruce S.; Sidor, Christian A. (November 2001). "Evolutionary Patterns Among Permo-Triassic Therapsids". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 32 (1): 449–480. Bibcode:2001AnRES..32..449R. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114113. ISSN 0066-4162.
Sullivan, Corwin; Reisz, Robert R.; Smith, Roger M. H. (2003-01-22). "The Permian mammal-like herbivore Diictodon , the oldest known example of sexually dimorphic armament". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 270 (1511): 173–178. Bibcode:2003PBioS.270..173S. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2189. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1691218. PMID 12590756.
Bertin, Thomas J. C.; Thivichon-Prince, Béatrice; LeBlanc, Aaron R. H.; Caldwell, Michael W.; Viriot, Laurent (2018-11-21). "Current Perspectives on Tooth Implantation, Attachment, and Replacement in Amniota". Frontiers in Physiology. 9 1630. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01630. ISSN 1664-042X. PMC 6258785. PMID 30519190.
Cabreira, Sergio F.; Schultz, Cesar L.; da Silva, Lúcio R.; Lora, Luiz Henrique Puricelli; Pakulski, Cristiane; do Rêgo, Rodrigo C. B.; Soares, Marina B.; Smith, Moya Meredith; Richter, Martha (December 2022). "Diphyodont tooth replacement of Brasilodon —A Late Triassic eucynodont that challenges the time of origin of mammals". Journal of Anatomy. 241 (6): 1424–1440. doi:10.1111/joa.13756. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 9644961. PMID 36065514.
Norton, Luke A.; Abdala, Fernando; Rubidge, Bruce S.; Botha, Jennifer (2020-12-30). Viriot, Laurent (ed.). "Tooth replacement patterns in the Early Triassic epicynodont Galesaurus planiceps (Therapsida, Cynodontia)". PLOS ONE. 15 (12) e0243985. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1543985N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243985. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7773207. PMID 33378326.
Anthwal, Neal; Tucker, Abigail S. (January 2023). "Evolution and development of the mammalian jaw joint: Making a novel structure". Evolution & Development. 25 (1): 3–14. doi:10.1111/ede.12426. ISSN 1520-541X. PMC 10078425. PMID 36504442.
Sidor, Christian A. (July 2001). "Simplification as a Trend in Synapsid Cranial Evolution". Evolution. 55 (7): 1419–1442. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00663.x. ISSN 0014-3820. PMID 11525465.
Kemp, Tom S. (2016), "Non-Mammalian Synapsids: The Beginning of the Mammal Line", in Clack, Jennifer A.; Fay, Richard R; Popper, Arthur N. (eds.), Evolution of the Vertebrate Ear, Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol. 59, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 107–137, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46661-3_5, ISBN 978-3-319-46659-0, retrieved 2026-06-21
Maier, Wolfgang; Ruf, Irina (February 2016). "Evolution of the mammalian middle ear: a historical review". Journal of Anatomy. 228 (2): 270–283. doi:10.1111/joa.12379. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 4718169. PMID 26397963.
Matsumoto, Ryoko; Evans, Susan E. (January 2017). "The palatal dentition of tetrapods and its functional significance". Journal of Anatomy. 230 (1): 47–65. doi:10.1111/joa.12534. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 5192890. PMID 27542892.
Hopson, James A. (1987). "The Mammal-Like Reptiles: A Study of Transitional Fossils". The American Biology Teacher. 49 (1): 16–26. doi:10.2307/4448410. JSTOR 4448410.
Marchetti, L.; Logghe, A.; Buchwitz, M.; Fröbisch, J. (2025). "Early Permian synapsid impressions illuminate the origin of epidermal scales and aggregation behavior". Current Biology. 35 (11): 2752–2759.e2. Bibcode:2025CBio...35.2752M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.077. PMID 40412378.
Bolton, Andrew D.; Mangera, Taahirah; Benoit, Julien (2025-08-12). "150 years of synapsid paleoneurology: the origins of the mammalian brain, behavior, sense organs and physiology". Journal of Paleontology: 1–29. doi:10.1017/jpa.2025.10121. ISSN 0022-3360.
Mooney, Ethan D.; Maho, Tea; Philp, R. Paul; Bevitt, Joseph J.; Reisz, Robert R. (2024-01-22). "Paleozoic cave system preserves oldest-known evidence of amniote skin". Current Biology. 34 (2): 417–426.e4. Bibcode:2024CBio...34..417M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.008. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 38215745.
Bajdek, Piotr; Qvarnström, Martin; Owocki, Krzysztof; Sulej, Tomasz; Sennikov, Andrey G.; Golubev, Valeriy K.; Niedźwiedzki, Grzegorz (2016). "Microbiota and food residues including possible evidence of pre-mammalian hair in Upper Permian coprolites from Russia". Lethaia. 49 (4): 455–477. Bibcode:2016Letha..49..455B. doi:10.1111/let.12156.
Benoit, J.; Manger, P. R.; Rubidge, B. S. (2016-05-09). "Palaeoneurological clues to the evolution of defining mammalian soft tissue traits". Scientific Reports. 6 (1) 25604. Bibcode:2016NatSR...625604B. doi:10.1038/srep25604. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4860582. PMID 27157809.
Ji, Q.; Luo, Z-X; Yuan, Chong-Xi; Tabrum, Alan R. (February 2006). "A swimming mammaliaform from the middle Jurassic and ecomorphological diversification of early mammals" (PDF). Science. 311 (5764): 1123–7. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1123J. doi:10.1126/science.1123026. PMID 16497926. S2CID 46067702.
See also the news item at "Jurassic "beaver" found; rewrites history of mammals". National Geographic. Feb 2006.
Meng, Qing-Jin; Grossnickle, David M.; Di, Liu; Zhang, Yu-Guang; Neander, April I.; Ji, Qiang; Luo, Zhe-Xi (2017). "New gliding mammaliaforms from the Jurassic". Nature. 548 (7667): 291–296. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..291M. doi:10.1038/nature23476. PMID 28792929. S2CID 205259206.
Ruben, J.A.; Jones, T.D. (2000). "Selective factors associated with the origin of fur and feathers". Am. Zool. 40 (4): 585–596. doi:10.1093/icb/40.4.585.
Luo, Zhe-Xi; Meng, Qing-Jin; Grossnickle, David M.; Di, Liu; Neander, April I.; Zhang, Yu-Guang; Ji, Qiang (2017). "New evidence for mammaliaform ear evolution and feeding adaptation in a Jurassic ecosystem". Nature. 548 (7667): 326–329. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..326L. doi:10.1038/nature23483. PMID 28792934. S2CID 4463476.
Meng, J.; Hu, Y.-M.; Wang, Y.-Q.; Wang, X.-L.; Li, C.-K. (2007). "Corrigendum: A Mesozoic gliding mammal from northeastern China". Nature. 446 (7131): 102. Bibcode:2007Natur.446Q.102M. doi:10.1038/nature05639.
Gaetano, L.C.; Rougier, G.W. (2011). "New materials of Argentoconodon fariasorum (Mammaliaformes, Triconodontidae) from the Jurassic of Argentina and its bearing on triconodont phylogeny". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (4): 829–843. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..829G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.589877. hdl:11336/68497. S2CID 85069761.
Marchetti, Lorenzo; Logghe, Antoine; Rebillard, Arnaud; MacDougall, Mark J.; Fröbisch, Jörg (2026-08-21). "The evolutionary significance of the earliest cloacal opening in Synapsida". iScience. 29 (8) 116752. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.116752. ISSN 2589-0042.
Sepúlveda-Vásquez, Andrés; Ceballos, Claudia P.; Tamayo-Arango, Lynda J. (2025-10-09). Cray Jr., James J (ed.). "Reproductive tract and pouch anatomical variability across the reproductive phases in female common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758)". PLOS ONE. 20 (10) e0334040. Bibcode:2025PLoSO..2034040S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0334040. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 12510574. PMID 41066409.
Hall, Margaret I.; Rodriguez-Sosa, José R.; Plochocki, Jeffrey H. (2017-08-23). "Reorganization of mammalian body wall patterning with cloacal septation". Scientific Reports. 7 (1) 9182. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.9182H. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09359-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5569103. PMID 28835612.
Benoit, Julien; Fernandez, Vincent; Botha, Jennifer (2026-04-09). Fröbisch, Jörg (ed.). "The first non-mammalian synapsid embryo from the Triassic of South Africa". PLOS ONE. 21 (4) e0345016. Bibcode:2026PLoSO..2145016B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0345016. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 13065020. PMID 41955224.
Oftedal, Olav T. (2002-07-01). "The origin of lactation as a water source for parchment-shelled eggs". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 7 (3): 253–266. doi:10.1023/A:1022848632125. ISSN 1083-3021. PMID 12751890. S2CID 8319185.
Oftedal, Olav T. (2002-07-01). "The mammary gland and its origin during synapsid evolution". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 7 (3): 225–252. doi:10.1023/a:1022896515287. ISSN 1083-3021. PMID 12751889. S2CID 25806501.
Oftedal, O.T. (2012-03-01). "The evolution of milk secretion and its ancient origins". Animal. 6 (3): 355–368. Bibcode:2012Anim....6..355O. doi:10.1017/S1751731111001935. ISSN 1751-732X. PMID 22436214.
Knaus, Philipp L.; van Heteren, Anneke H.; Lungmus, Jacqueline K.; Sander, P. Martin (2021-12-24). "High Blood Flow Into the Femur Indicates Elevated Aerobic Capacity in Synapsids Since the Synapsida-Sauropsida Split". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9 751238. Bibcode:2021FrEEv...951238K. doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.751238. ISSN 2296-701X.
Rey, Kévin; Amiot, Romain; Fourel, François; Abdala, Fernando; Fluteau, Frédéric; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Liu, Jun; Rubidge, Bruce S; Smith, Roger MH; Steyer, J Sébastien; Viglietti, Pia A; Wang, Xu; Lécuyer, Christophe (2017-07-18). "Oxygen isotopes suggest elevated thermometabolism within multiple Permo-Triassic therapsid clades". eLife. 6 e28589. doi:10.7554/eLife.28589. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 5515572. PMID 28716184.
Faure-Brac, Mathieu G.; Cubo, Jorge (2020-03-02). "Were the synapsids primitively endotherms? A palaeohistological approach using phylogenetic eigenvector maps". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 375 (1793) 20190138. doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0138. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 7017441. PMID 31928185.
Faure-Brac, Mathieu G.; Woodward, Holly N.; Aubier, Paul; Cubo, Jorge (2024-04-19). "On the origins of endothermy in amniotes". iScience. 27 (4) 109375. Bibcode:2024iSci...27j9375F. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109375. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 10966186. PMID 38544566.
Angielczyk, K. D.; Schmitz, L. (2014-10-22). "Nocturnality in synapsids predates the origin of mammals by over 100 million years". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1793) 20141642. Bibcode:2014PBioS.28141642A. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1642. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 4173690. PMID 25186003.
Modesto, Sean P.; Smith, Roger M. H.; Campione, Nicolás E.; Reisz, Robert R. (2011). "The last 'pelycosaur': a varanopid synapsid from the Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone, Middle Permian of South Africa". Naturwissenschaften. 98 (12): 1027–34. Bibcode:2011NW.....98.1027M. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0856-2. PMID 22009069. S2CID 27865550.
Bramble, D. M.; Jenkins, F. A. (1993). "Mammalian locomotor-respiratory integration: Implications for diaphragmatic and pulmonary design". Science. 262 (5131): 235–240. Bibcode:1993Sci...262..235B. doi:10.1126/science.8211141. PMID 8211141.
Thulborn, T.; Turner, S. (2003). "The last dicynodont: an Australian Cretaceous relict". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 270 (1518): 985–993. Bibcode:2003PBioS.270..985T. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2296. JSTOR 3558635. PMC 1691326. PMID 12803915.
Espen M. Knutsen; Emma Oerlemans (2019). "The last dicynodont? Re-assessing the taxonomic and temporal relationships of a contentious Australian fossil". Gondwana Research. 77: 184–203. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2019.07.011. S2CID 202908716.
Benson, R.J. (2012). "Interrelationships of basal synapsids: cranial and postcranial morphological partitions suggest different topologies". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (4): 601–624. Bibcode:2012JSPal..10..601B. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.631042. S2CID 84706899.
Neil Brocklehurst; Robert Reisz; Vincent Fernandez; Jörg Fröbisch (2016). "A Re-Description of 'Mycterosaurus' smithae, an Early Permian Eothyridid, and Its Impact on the Phylogeny of Pelycosaurian-Grade Synapsids". PLOS ONE. 11 (6) e0156810. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1156810B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156810. PMC 4917111. PMID 27333277.

hal.science (Global: 2,005^th place; English: 1,689^th place)

Marchetti, L.; Logghe, A.; Buchwitz, M.; Fröbisch, J. (2025). "Early Permian synapsid impressions illuminate the origin of epidermal scales and aggregation behavior". Current Biology. 35 (11): 2752–2759.e2. Bibcode:2025CBio...35.2752M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.077. PMID 40412378.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Gaetano, L.C.; Rougier, G.W. (2011). "New materials of Argentoconodon fariasorum (Mammaliaformes, Triconodontidae) from the Jurassic of Argentina and its bearing on triconodont phylogeny". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (4): 829–843. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..829G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.589877. hdl:11336/68497. S2CID 85069761.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Hopson, James A. (1987). "The Mammal-Like Reptiles: A Study of Transitional Fossils". The American Biology Teacher. 49 (1): 16–26. doi:10.2307/4448410. JSTOR 4448410.
Thulborn, T.; Turner, S. (2003). "The last dicynodont: an Australian Cretaceous relict". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 270 (1518): 985–993. Bibcode:2003PBioS.270..985T. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2296. JSTOR 3558635. PMC 1691326. PMID 12803915.

nasmus.co.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Greatest mass extinction responsible for the making of modern mammals" (research publ. ann.). Bloemfontein, ZA: The National Museum [of South Africa]. 19 September 2013. Archived from the original on 2019-03-28. Retrieved 2015-08-22.

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489^th place; English: 425^th place)

news.nationalgeographic.com

Ji, Q.; Luo, Z-X; Yuan, Chong-Xi; Tabrum, Alan R. (February 2006). "A swimming mammaliaform from the middle Jurassic and ecomorphological diversification of early mammals" (PDF). Science. 311 (5764): 1123–7. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1123J. doi:10.1126/science.1123026. PMID 16497926. S2CID 46067702.
See also the news item at "Jurassic "beaver" found; rewrites history of mammals". National Geographic. Feb 2006.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Long, J. A.; Niedźwiedzki, G.; Garvey, J.; Clement, A. M.; Camens, A. B.; Eury, C. A.; Eason, J.; Ahlberg, P. E. (2025). "Earliest amniote tracks recalibrate the timeline of tetrapod evolution". Nature. 641 (8065): 1193–1200. Bibcode:2025Natur.641.1193L. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08884-5. PMC 12119326. PMID 40369062.
Simões, T.; Kammerer, C. (August 2022). "Successive climate crises in the deep past drove the early evolution and radiation of reptiles". Science Advances. 08 (33) eabq1898. Bibcode:2022SciA....8.1898S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abq1898. PMC 9390993. PMID 35984885. S2CID 251694019.
Marjanović, D. (2021). "The Making of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates". Frontiers in Genetics. 12 521693. doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.521693. PMC 8149952. PMID 34054911.
Pardo, Jason D.; Lennie, Kendra; Anderson, Jason S. (2020-10-16). "Can We Reliably Calibrate Deep Nodes in the Tetrapod Tree? Case Studies in Deep Tetrapod Divergences". Frontiers in Genetics. 11 506749. doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.506749. ISSN 1664-8021. PMC 7596322. PMID 33193596.
Modesto, S.P.; Anderson, J.S. (2004). "The phylogenetic definition of Reptilia". Systematic Biology. 53 (5): 815–821. doi:10.1080/10635150490503026. PMID 15545258.
Huttenlocker, A. K.; Singh, S. A.; Henrici, A. C.; Sumida, S. S. (2021). "A Carboniferous synapsid with caniniform teeth and a reappraisal of mandibular size-shape heterodonty in the origin of mammals". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (12) 211237. Bibcode:2021RSOS....811237H. doi:10.1098/rsos.211237. PMC 8672069. PMID 34925870.
Sullivan, Corwin; Reisz, Robert R.; Smith, Roger M. H. (2003-01-22). "The Permian mammal-like herbivore Diictodon , the oldest known example of sexually dimorphic armament". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 270 (1511): 173–178. Bibcode:2003PBioS.270..173S. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2189. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1691218. PMID 12590756.
Bertin, Thomas J. C.; Thivichon-Prince, Béatrice; LeBlanc, Aaron R. H.; Caldwell, Michael W.; Viriot, Laurent (2018-11-21). "Current Perspectives on Tooth Implantation, Attachment, and Replacement in Amniota". Frontiers in Physiology. 9 1630. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01630. ISSN 1664-042X. PMC 6258785. PMID 30519190.
Cabreira, Sergio F.; Schultz, Cesar L.; da Silva, Lúcio R.; Lora, Luiz Henrique Puricelli; Pakulski, Cristiane; do Rêgo, Rodrigo C. B.; Soares, Marina B.; Smith, Moya Meredith; Richter, Martha (December 2022). "Diphyodont tooth replacement of Brasilodon —A Late Triassic eucynodont that challenges the time of origin of mammals". Journal of Anatomy. 241 (6): 1424–1440. doi:10.1111/joa.13756. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 9644961. PMID 36065514.
Norton, Luke A.; Abdala, Fernando; Rubidge, Bruce S.; Botha, Jennifer (2020-12-30). Viriot, Laurent (ed.). "Tooth replacement patterns in the Early Triassic epicynodont Galesaurus planiceps (Therapsida, Cynodontia)". PLOS ONE. 15 (12) e0243985. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1543985N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243985. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7773207. PMID 33378326.
Anthwal, Neal; Tucker, Abigail S. (January 2023). "Evolution and development of the mammalian jaw joint: Making a novel structure". Evolution & Development. 25 (1): 3–14. doi:10.1111/ede.12426. ISSN 1520-541X. PMC 10078425. PMID 36504442.
Sidor, Christian A. (July 2001). "Simplification as a Trend in Synapsid Cranial Evolution". Evolution. 55 (7): 1419–1442. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00663.x. ISSN 0014-3820. PMID 11525465.
Maier, Wolfgang; Ruf, Irina (February 2016). "Evolution of the mammalian middle ear: a historical review". Journal of Anatomy. 228 (2): 270–283. doi:10.1111/joa.12379. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 4718169. PMID 26397963.
Matsumoto, Ryoko; Evans, Susan E. (January 2017). "The palatal dentition of tetrapods and its functional significance". Journal of Anatomy. 230 (1): 47–65. doi:10.1111/joa.12534. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 5192890. PMID 27542892.
Marchetti, L.; Logghe, A.; Buchwitz, M.; Fröbisch, J. (2025). "Early Permian synapsid impressions illuminate the origin of epidermal scales and aggregation behavior". Current Biology. 35 (11): 2752–2759.e2. Bibcode:2025CBio...35.2752M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.077. PMID 40412378.
Mooney, Ethan D.; Maho, Tea; Philp, R. Paul; Bevitt, Joseph J.; Reisz, Robert R. (2024-01-22). "Paleozoic cave system preserves oldest-known evidence of amniote skin". Current Biology. 34 (2): 417–426.e4. Bibcode:2024CBio...34..417M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.008. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 38215745.
Benoit, J.; Manger, P. R.; Rubidge, B. S. (2016-05-09). "Palaeoneurological clues to the evolution of defining mammalian soft tissue traits". Scientific Reports. 6 (1) 25604. Bibcode:2016NatSR...625604B. doi:10.1038/srep25604. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4860582. PMID 27157809.
Ji, Q.; Luo, Z-X; Yuan, Chong-Xi; Tabrum, Alan R. (February 2006). "A swimming mammaliaform from the middle Jurassic and ecomorphological diversification of early mammals" (PDF). Science. 311 (5764): 1123–7. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1123J. doi:10.1126/science.1123026. PMID 16497926. S2CID 46067702.
See also the news item at "Jurassic "beaver" found; rewrites history of mammals". National Geographic. Feb 2006.
Meng, Qing-Jin; Grossnickle, David M.; Di, Liu; Zhang, Yu-Guang; Neander, April I.; Ji, Qiang; Luo, Zhe-Xi (2017). "New gliding mammaliaforms from the Jurassic". Nature. 548 (7667): 291–296. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..291M. doi:10.1038/nature23476. PMID 28792929. S2CID 205259206.
Luo, Zhe-Xi; Meng, Qing-Jin; Grossnickle, David M.; Di, Liu; Neander, April I.; Zhang, Yu-Guang; Ji, Qiang (2017). "New evidence for mammaliaform ear evolution and feeding adaptation in a Jurassic ecosystem". Nature. 548 (7667): 326–329. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..326L. doi:10.1038/nature23483. PMID 28792934. S2CID 4463476.
Sepúlveda-Vásquez, Andrés; Ceballos, Claudia P.; Tamayo-Arango, Lynda J. (2025-10-09). Cray Jr., James J (ed.). "Reproductive tract and pouch anatomical variability across the reproductive phases in female common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758)". PLOS ONE. 20 (10) e0334040. Bibcode:2025PLoSO..2034040S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0334040. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 12510574. PMID 41066409.
Hall, Margaret I.; Rodriguez-Sosa, José R.; Plochocki, Jeffrey H. (2017-08-23). "Reorganization of mammalian body wall patterning with cloacal septation". Scientific Reports. 7 (1) 9182. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.9182H. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09359-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5569103. PMID 28835612.
Benoit, Julien; Fernandez, Vincent; Botha, Jennifer (2026-04-09). Fröbisch, Jörg (ed.). "The first non-mammalian synapsid embryo from the Triassic of South Africa". PLOS ONE. 21 (4) e0345016. Bibcode:2026PLoSO..2145016B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0345016. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 13065020. PMID 41955224.
Oftedal, Olav T. (2002-07-01). "The origin of lactation as a water source for parchment-shelled eggs". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 7 (3): 253–266. doi:10.1023/A:1022848632125. ISSN 1083-3021. PMID 12751890. S2CID 8319185.
Oftedal, Olav T. (2002-07-01). "The mammary gland and its origin during synapsid evolution". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 7 (3): 225–252. doi:10.1023/a:1022896515287. ISSN 1083-3021. PMID 12751889. S2CID 25806501.
Oftedal, O.T. (2012-03-01). "The evolution of milk secretion and its ancient origins". Animal. 6 (3): 355–368. Bibcode:2012Anim....6..355O. doi:10.1017/S1751731111001935. ISSN 1751-732X. PMID 22436214.
Rey, Kévin; Amiot, Romain; Fourel, François; Abdala, Fernando; Fluteau, Frédéric; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Liu, Jun; Rubidge, Bruce S; Smith, Roger MH; Steyer, J Sébastien; Viglietti, Pia A; Wang, Xu; Lécuyer, Christophe (2017-07-18). "Oxygen isotopes suggest elevated thermometabolism within multiple Permo-Triassic therapsid clades". eLife. 6 e28589. doi:10.7554/eLife.28589. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 5515572. PMID 28716184.
Faure-Brac, Mathieu G.; Cubo, Jorge (2020-03-02). "Were the synapsids primitively endotherms? A palaeohistological approach using phylogenetic eigenvector maps". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 375 (1793) 20190138. doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0138. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 7017441. PMID 31928185.
Faure-Brac, Mathieu G.; Woodward, Holly N.; Aubier, Paul; Cubo, Jorge (2024-04-19). "On the origins of endothermy in amniotes". iScience. 27 (4) 109375. Bibcode:2024iSci...27j9375F. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109375. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 10966186. PMID 38544566.
Angielczyk, K. D.; Schmitz, L. (2014-10-22). "Nocturnality in synapsids predates the origin of mammals by over 100 million years". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1793) 20141642. Bibcode:2014PBioS.28141642A. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1642. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 4173690. PMID 25186003.
Modesto, Sean P.; Smith, Roger M. H.; Campione, Nicolás E.; Reisz, Robert R. (2011). "The last 'pelycosaur': a varanopid synapsid from the Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone, Middle Permian of South Africa". Naturwissenschaften. 98 (12): 1027–34. Bibcode:2011NW.....98.1027M. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0856-2. PMID 22009069. S2CID 27865550.
Bramble, D. M.; Jenkins, F. A. (1993). "Mammalian locomotor-respiratory integration: Implications for diaphragmatic and pulmonary design". Science. 262 (5131): 235–240. Bibcode:1993Sci...262..235B. doi:10.1126/science.8211141. PMID 8211141.
Thulborn, T.; Turner, S. (2003). "The last dicynodont: an Australian Cretaceous relict". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 270 (1518): 985–993. Bibcode:2003PBioS.270..985T. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2296. JSTOR 3558635. PMC 1691326. PMID 12803915.
Neil Brocklehurst; Robert Reisz; Vincent Fernandez; Jörg Fröbisch (2016). "A Re-Description of 'Mycterosaurus' smithae, an Early Permian Eothyridid, and Its Impact on the Phylogeny of Pelycosaurian-Grade Synapsids". PLOS ONE. 11 (6) e0156810. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1156810B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156810. PMC 4917111. PMID 27333277.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Long, J. A.; Niedźwiedzki, G.; Garvey, J.; Clement, A. M.; Camens, A. B.; Eury, C. A.; Eason, J.; Ahlberg, P. E. (2025). "Earliest amniote tracks recalibrate the timeline of tetrapod evolution". Nature. 641 (8065): 1193–1200. Bibcode:2025Natur.641.1193L. doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08884-5. PMC 12119326. PMID 40369062.
Simões, T.; Kammerer, C. (August 2022). "Successive climate crises in the deep past drove the early evolution and radiation of reptiles". Science Advances. 08 (33) eabq1898. Bibcode:2022SciA....8.1898S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abq1898. PMC 9390993. PMID 35984885. S2CID 251694019.
Marjanović, D. (2021). "The Making of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates". Frontiers in Genetics. 12 521693. doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.521693. PMC 8149952. PMID 34054911.
Pardo, Jason D.; Lennie, Kendra; Anderson, Jason S. (2020-10-16). "Can We Reliably Calibrate Deep Nodes in the Tetrapod Tree? Case Studies in Deep Tetrapod Divergences". Frontiers in Genetics. 11 506749. doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.506749. ISSN 1664-8021. PMC 7596322. PMID 33193596.
Huttenlocker, A. K.; Singh, S. A.; Henrici, A. C.; Sumida, S. S. (2021). "A Carboniferous synapsid with caniniform teeth and a reappraisal of mandibular size-shape heterodonty in the origin of mammals". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (12) 211237. Bibcode:2021RSOS....811237H. doi:10.1098/rsos.211237. PMC 8672069. PMID 34925870.
Sullivan, Corwin; Reisz, Robert R.; Smith, Roger M. H. (2003-01-22). "The Permian mammal-like herbivore Diictodon , the oldest known example of sexually dimorphic armament". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 270 (1511): 173–178. Bibcode:2003PBioS.270..173S. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2189. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1691218. PMID 12590756.
Bertin, Thomas J. C.; Thivichon-Prince, Béatrice; LeBlanc, Aaron R. H.; Caldwell, Michael W.; Viriot, Laurent (2018-11-21). "Current Perspectives on Tooth Implantation, Attachment, and Replacement in Amniota". Frontiers in Physiology. 9 1630. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01630. ISSN 1664-042X. PMC 6258785. PMID 30519190.
Cabreira, Sergio F.; Schultz, Cesar L.; da Silva, Lúcio R.; Lora, Luiz Henrique Puricelli; Pakulski, Cristiane; do Rêgo, Rodrigo C. B.; Soares, Marina B.; Smith, Moya Meredith; Richter, Martha (December 2022). "Diphyodont tooth replacement of Brasilodon —A Late Triassic eucynodont that challenges the time of origin of mammals". Journal of Anatomy. 241 (6): 1424–1440. doi:10.1111/joa.13756. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 9644961. PMID 36065514.
Norton, Luke A.; Abdala, Fernando; Rubidge, Bruce S.; Botha, Jennifer (2020-12-30). Viriot, Laurent (ed.). "Tooth replacement patterns in the Early Triassic epicynodont Galesaurus planiceps (Therapsida, Cynodontia)". PLOS ONE. 15 (12) e0243985. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1543985N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243985. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7773207. PMID 33378326.
Anthwal, Neal; Tucker, Abigail S. (January 2023). "Evolution and development of the mammalian jaw joint: Making a novel structure". Evolution & Development. 25 (1): 3–14. doi:10.1111/ede.12426. ISSN 1520-541X. PMC 10078425. PMID 36504442.
Maier, Wolfgang; Ruf, Irina (February 2016). "Evolution of the mammalian middle ear: a historical review". Journal of Anatomy. 228 (2): 270–283. doi:10.1111/joa.12379. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 4718169. PMID 26397963.
Matsumoto, Ryoko; Evans, Susan E. (January 2017). "The palatal dentition of tetrapods and its functional significance". Journal of Anatomy. 230 (1): 47–65. doi:10.1111/joa.12534. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 5192890. PMID 27542892.
Benoit, J.; Manger, P. R.; Rubidge, B. S. (2016-05-09). "Palaeoneurological clues to the evolution of defining mammalian soft tissue traits". Scientific Reports. 6 (1) 25604. Bibcode:2016NatSR...625604B. doi:10.1038/srep25604. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4860582. PMID 27157809.
Sepúlveda-Vásquez, Andrés; Ceballos, Claudia P.; Tamayo-Arango, Lynda J. (2025-10-09). Cray Jr., James J (ed.). "Reproductive tract and pouch anatomical variability across the reproductive phases in female common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758)". PLOS ONE. 20 (10) e0334040. Bibcode:2025PLoSO..2034040S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0334040. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 12510574. PMID 41066409.
Hall, Margaret I.; Rodriguez-Sosa, José R.; Plochocki, Jeffrey H. (2017-08-23). "Reorganization of mammalian body wall patterning with cloacal septation". Scientific Reports. 7 (1) 9182. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.9182H. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09359-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5569103. PMID 28835612.
Benoit, Julien; Fernandez, Vincent; Botha, Jennifer (2026-04-09). Fröbisch, Jörg (ed.). "The first non-mammalian synapsid embryo from the Triassic of South Africa". PLOS ONE. 21 (4) e0345016. Bibcode:2026PLoSO..2145016B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0345016. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 13065020. PMID 41955224.
Rey, Kévin; Amiot, Romain; Fourel, François; Abdala, Fernando; Fluteau, Frédéric; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Liu, Jun; Rubidge, Bruce S; Smith, Roger MH; Steyer, J Sébastien; Viglietti, Pia A; Wang, Xu; Lécuyer, Christophe (2017-07-18). "Oxygen isotopes suggest elevated thermometabolism within multiple Permo-Triassic therapsid clades". eLife. 6 e28589. doi:10.7554/eLife.28589. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 5515572. PMID 28716184.
Faure-Brac, Mathieu G.; Cubo, Jorge (2020-03-02). "Were the synapsids primitively endotherms? A palaeohistological approach using phylogenetic eigenvector maps". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 375 (1793) 20190138. doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0138. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 7017441. PMID 31928185.
Faure-Brac, Mathieu G.; Woodward, Holly N.; Aubier, Paul; Cubo, Jorge (2024-04-19). "On the origins of endothermy in amniotes". iScience. 27 (4) 109375. Bibcode:2024iSci...27j9375F. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109375. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 10966186. PMID 38544566.
Angielczyk, K. D.; Schmitz, L. (2014-10-22). "Nocturnality in synapsids predates the origin of mammals by over 100 million years". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1793) 20141642. Bibcode:2014PBioS.28141642A. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1642. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 4173690. PMID 25186003.
Thulborn, T.; Turner, S. (2003). "The last dicynodont: an Australian Cretaceous relict". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 270 (1518): 985–993. Bibcode:2003PBioS.270..985T. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2296. JSTOR 3558635. PMC 1691326. PMID 12803915.
Neil Brocklehurst; Robert Reisz; Vincent Fernandez; Jörg Fröbisch (2016). "A Re-Description of 'Mycterosaurus' smithae, an Early Permian Eothyridid, and Its Impact on the Phylogeny of Pelycosaurian-Grade Synapsids". PLOS ONE. 11 (6) e0156810. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1156810B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156810. PMC 4917111. PMID 27333277.

nsf.gov (Global: 3,608^th place; English: 2,387^th place)

par.nsf.gov

Grossnickle, David; Hellert, Spencer; Kammerer, Christian; Angielczyk, Kenneth D.; Lloyd, Graeme (1 October 2022). "Survival of the novel: derived faunivores are the forerunners of major synapsid radiations". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (Program and Abstracts, 2022). Retrieved 30 September 2023.

orionmagazine.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cokinos, Christopher (12 October 2007) [May–June 2007]. "The consolations of extinction". Orion. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12.

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

academic.oup.com

Sidor, Christian A. (July 2001). "Simplification as a Trend in Synapsid Cranial Evolution". Evolution. 55 (7): 1419–1442. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00663.x. ISSN 0014-3820. PMID 11525465.

rero.ch (Global: 3,023^rd place; English: 2,092^nd place)

doc.rero.ch

Ji, Q.; Luo, Z-X; Yuan, Chong-Xi; Tabrum, Alan R. (February 2006). "A swimming mammaliaform from the middle Jurassic and ecomorphological diversification of early mammals" (PDF). Science. 311 (5764): 1123–7. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1123J. doi:10.1126/science.1123026. PMID 16497926. S2CID 46067702.
See also the news item at "Jurassic "beaver" found; rewrites history of mammals". National Geographic. Feb 2006.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

D. W. Dilkes, R. R. Reisz (1996). "First Record of a Basal Synapsid ('Mammal-Like Reptile') in Gondwana". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 263 (1374): 1165–1170. Bibcode:1996PBioS.263.1165.. doi:10.1098/rspb.1996.0170.

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 817^th place)

blogs.scientificamerican.com

Naish, Darren. "The Stem-Mammals--a Brief Primer". Scientific American Blog Network. Retrieved 2022-02-27.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Simões, T.; Kammerer, C. (August 2022). "Successive climate crises in the deep past drove the early evolution and radiation of reptiles". Science Advances. 08 (33) eabq1898. Bibcode:2022SciA....8.1898S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abq1898. PMC 9390993. PMID 35984885. S2CID 251694019.
Jenkins, Xavier A; Benson, Roger BJ; Ford, David P; Browning, Claire; Fernandez, Vincent; Dollman, Kathleen; Gomes, Timothy; Griffiths, Elizabeth; Choiniere, Jonah N; Peecook, Brandon R (28 August 2025). "Evolutionary assembly of crown reptile anatomy clarified by late Paleozoic relatives of Neodiapsida". Peer Community Journal. 5 e89. doi:10.24072/pcjournal.620. eISSN 2804-3871. S2CID 274305322.
Angielczyk, Kenneth D. (2009). "Dimetrodon is not a dinosaur: Using tree thinking to understand the ancient relatives of mammals and their evolution". Evolution: Education and Outreach. 2 (2): 257–271. doi:10.1007/s12052-009-0117-4. S2CID 24110810.
Ji, Q.; Luo, Z-X; Yuan, Chong-Xi; Tabrum, Alan R. (February 2006). "A swimming mammaliaform from the middle Jurassic and ecomorphological diversification of early mammals" (PDF). Science. 311 (5764): 1123–7. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1123J. doi:10.1126/science.1123026. PMID 16497926. S2CID 46067702.
See also the news item at "Jurassic "beaver" found; rewrites history of mammals". National Geographic. Feb 2006.
Meng, Qing-Jin; Grossnickle, David M.; Di, Liu; Zhang, Yu-Guang; Neander, April I.; Ji, Qiang; Luo, Zhe-Xi (2017). "New gliding mammaliaforms from the Jurassic". Nature. 548 (7667): 291–296. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..291M. doi:10.1038/nature23476. PMID 28792929. S2CID 205259206.
Luo, Zhe-Xi; Meng, Qing-Jin; Grossnickle, David M.; Di, Liu; Neander, April I.; Zhang, Yu-Guang; Ji, Qiang (2017). "New evidence for mammaliaform ear evolution and feeding adaptation in a Jurassic ecosystem". Nature. 548 (7667): 326–329. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..326L. doi:10.1038/nature23483. PMID 28792934. S2CID 4463476.
Gaetano, L.C.; Rougier, G.W. (2011). "New materials of Argentoconodon fariasorum (Mammaliaformes, Triconodontidae) from the Jurassic of Argentina and its bearing on triconodont phylogeny". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (4): 829–843. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..829G. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.589877. hdl:11336/68497. S2CID 85069761.
Oftedal, Olav T. (2002-07-01). "The origin of lactation as a water source for parchment-shelled eggs". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 7 (3): 253–266. doi:10.1023/A:1022848632125. ISSN 1083-3021. PMID 12751890. S2CID 8319185.
Oftedal, Olav T. (2002-07-01). "The mammary gland and its origin during synapsid evolution". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 7 (3): 225–252. doi:10.1023/a:1022896515287. ISSN 1083-3021. PMID 12751889. S2CID 25806501.
Modesto, Sean P.; Smith, Roger M. H.; Campione, Nicolás E.; Reisz, Robert R. (2011). "The last 'pelycosaur': a varanopid synapsid from the Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone, Middle Permian of South Africa". Naturwissenschaften. 98 (12): 1027–34. Bibcode:2011NW.....98.1027M. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0856-2. PMID 22009069. S2CID 27865550.
Espen M. Knutsen; Emma Oerlemans (2019). "The last dicynodont? Re-assessing the taxonomic and temporal relationships of a contentious Australian fossil". Gondwana Research. 77: 184–203. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2019.07.011. S2CID 202908716.
Benson, R.J. (2012). "Interrelationships of basal synapsids: cranial and postcranial morphological partitions suggest different topologies". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (4): 601–624. Bibcode:2012JSPal..10..601B. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.631042. S2CID 84706899.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Kemp, Tom S. (2016), "Non-Mammalian Synapsids: The Beginning of the Mammal Line", in Clack, Jennifer A.; Fay, Richard R; Popper, Arthur N. (eds.), Evolution of the Vertebrate Ear, Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol. 59, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 107–137, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46661-3_5, ISBN 978-3-319-46659-0, retrieved 2026-06-21

tolweb.org (Global: 2,815^th place; English: 3,619^th place)

Laurin, Michel; Reisz, Robert R. (2011). "Synapsida: Mammals and their extinct relatives" (Version 14 ed.). The Tree of Life Web Project.
Laurin, M.; Reisz, R.R. (2011). "Synapsida. Mammals and their extinct relatives". The Tree of Life Web Project. Retrieved 26 April 2012.

uchospitals.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"New proto-mammal fossil sheds light on evolution of earliest mammals". University of Chicago. August 7, 2013.

umd.edu (Global: 1,356^th place; English: 1,172^nd place)

life.umd.edu

"Monotremes and marsupials". www.life.umd.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-23.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Cokinos, Christopher (12 October 2007) [May–June 2007]. "The consolations of extinction". Orion. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12.
"Greatest mass extinction responsible for the making of modern mammals" (research publ. ann.). Bloemfontein, ZA: The National Museum [of South Africa]. 19 September 2013. Archived from the original on 2019-03-28. Retrieved 2015-08-22.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Jenkins, Xavier A; Benson, Roger BJ; Ford, David P; Browning, Claire; Fernandez, Vincent; Dollman, Kathleen; Gomes, Timothy; Griffiths, Elizabeth; Choiniere, Jonah N; Peecook, Brandon R (28 August 2025). "Evolutionary assembly of crown reptile anatomy clarified by late Paleozoic relatives of Neodiapsida". Peer Community Journal. 5 e89. doi:10.24072/pcjournal.620. eISSN 2804-3871. S2CID 274305322.
Pardo, Jason D.; Lennie, Kendra; Anderson, Jason S. (2020-10-16). "Can We Reliably Calibrate Deep Nodes in the Tetrapod Tree? Case Studies in Deep Tetrapod Divergences". Frontiers in Genetics. 11 506749. doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.506749. ISSN 1664-8021. PMC 7596322. PMID 33193596.
Benoit, Julien; Abdala, Fernando; Manger, Paul R.; Rubidge, Bruce S. (2016-03-17). "The Sixth Sense in Mammalian Forerunners: Variability of the Parietal Foramen and the Evolution of the Pineal Eye in South African Permo-Triassic Eutheriodont Therapsids". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (4): 777–789. Bibcode:2016AcPaP..61..777B. doi:10.4202/app.00219.2015. ISSN 0567-7920.
Rubidge, Bruce S.; Sidor, Christian A. (November 2001). "Evolutionary Patterns Among Permo-Triassic Therapsids". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 32 (1): 449–480. Bibcode:2001AnRES..32..449R. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114113. ISSN 0066-4162.
Sullivan, Corwin; Reisz, Robert R.; Smith, Roger M. H. (2003-01-22). "The Permian mammal-like herbivore Diictodon , the oldest known example of sexually dimorphic armament". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 270 (1511): 173–178. Bibcode:2003PBioS.270..173S. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2189. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1691218. PMID 12590756.
Bertin, Thomas J. C.; Thivichon-Prince, Béatrice; LeBlanc, Aaron R. H.; Caldwell, Michael W.; Viriot, Laurent (2018-11-21). "Current Perspectives on Tooth Implantation, Attachment, and Replacement in Amniota". Frontiers in Physiology. 9 1630. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01630. ISSN 1664-042X. PMC 6258785. PMID 30519190.
Cabreira, Sergio F.; Schultz, Cesar L.; da Silva, Lúcio R.; Lora, Luiz Henrique Puricelli; Pakulski, Cristiane; do Rêgo, Rodrigo C. B.; Soares, Marina B.; Smith, Moya Meredith; Richter, Martha (December 2022). "Diphyodont tooth replacement of Brasilodon —A Late Triassic eucynodont that challenges the time of origin of mammals". Journal of Anatomy. 241 (6): 1424–1440. doi:10.1111/joa.13756. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 9644961. PMID 36065514.
Norton, Luke A.; Abdala, Fernando; Rubidge, Bruce S.; Botha, Jennifer (2020-12-30). Viriot, Laurent (ed.). "Tooth replacement patterns in the Early Triassic epicynodont Galesaurus planiceps (Therapsida, Cynodontia)". PLOS ONE. 15 (12) e0243985. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1543985N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243985. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7773207. PMID 33378326.
Anthwal, Neal; Tucker, Abigail S. (January 2023). "Evolution and development of the mammalian jaw joint: Making a novel structure". Evolution & Development. 25 (1): 3–14. doi:10.1111/ede.12426. ISSN 1520-541X. PMC 10078425. PMID 36504442.
Sidor, Christian A. (July 2001). "Simplification as a Trend in Synapsid Cranial Evolution". Evolution. 55 (7): 1419–1442. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00663.x. ISSN 0014-3820. PMID 11525465.
Maier, Wolfgang; Ruf, Irina (February 2016). "Evolution of the mammalian middle ear: a historical review". Journal of Anatomy. 228 (2): 270–283. doi:10.1111/joa.12379. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 4718169. PMID 26397963.
Matsumoto, Ryoko; Evans, Susan E. (January 2017). "The palatal dentition of tetrapods and its functional significance". Journal of Anatomy. 230 (1): 47–65. doi:10.1111/joa.12534. ISSN 0021-8782. PMC 5192890. PMID 27542892.
Bolton, Andrew D.; Mangera, Taahirah; Benoit, Julien (2025-08-12). "150 years of synapsid paleoneurology: the origins of the mammalian brain, behavior, sense organs and physiology". Journal of Paleontology: 1–29. doi:10.1017/jpa.2025.10121. ISSN 0022-3360.
Mooney, Ethan D.; Maho, Tea; Philp, R. Paul; Bevitt, Joseph J.; Reisz, Robert R. (2024-01-22). "Paleozoic cave system preserves oldest-known evidence of amniote skin". Current Biology. 34 (2): 417–426.e4. Bibcode:2024CBio...34..417M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.008. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 38215745.
Benoit, J.; Manger, P. R.; Rubidge, B. S. (2016-05-09). "Palaeoneurological clues to the evolution of defining mammalian soft tissue traits". Scientific Reports. 6 (1) 25604. Bibcode:2016NatSR...625604B. doi:10.1038/srep25604. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4860582. PMID 27157809.
Marchetti, Lorenzo; Logghe, Antoine; Rebillard, Arnaud; MacDougall, Mark J.; Fröbisch, Jörg (2026-08-21). "The evolutionary significance of the earliest cloacal opening in Synapsida". iScience. 29 (8) 116752. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.116752. ISSN 2589-0042.
Sepúlveda-Vásquez, Andrés; Ceballos, Claudia P.; Tamayo-Arango, Lynda J. (2025-10-09). Cray Jr., James J (ed.). "Reproductive tract and pouch anatomical variability across the reproductive phases in female common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758)". PLOS ONE. 20 (10) e0334040. Bibcode:2025PLoSO..2034040S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0334040. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 12510574. PMID 41066409.
Hall, Margaret I.; Rodriguez-Sosa, José R.; Plochocki, Jeffrey H. (2017-08-23). "Reorganization of mammalian body wall patterning with cloacal septation". Scientific Reports. 7 (1) 9182. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.9182H. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09359-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5569103. PMID 28835612.
Benoit, Julien; Fernandez, Vincent; Botha, Jennifer (2026-04-09). Fröbisch, Jörg (ed.). "The first non-mammalian synapsid embryo from the Triassic of South Africa". PLOS ONE. 21 (4) e0345016. Bibcode:2026PLoSO..2145016B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0345016. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 13065020. PMID 41955224.
Oftedal, Olav T. (2002-07-01). "The origin of lactation as a water source for parchment-shelled eggs". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 7 (3): 253–266. doi:10.1023/A:1022848632125. ISSN 1083-3021. PMID 12751890. S2CID 8319185.
Oftedal, Olav T. (2002-07-01). "The mammary gland and its origin during synapsid evolution". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 7 (3): 225–252. doi:10.1023/a:1022896515287. ISSN 1083-3021. PMID 12751889. S2CID 25806501.
Oftedal, O.T. (2012-03-01). "The evolution of milk secretion and its ancient origins". Animal. 6 (3): 355–368. Bibcode:2012Anim....6..355O. doi:10.1017/S1751731111001935. ISSN 1751-732X. PMID 22436214.
Knaus, Philipp L.; van Heteren, Anneke H.; Lungmus, Jacqueline K.; Sander, P. Martin (2021-12-24). "High Blood Flow Into the Femur Indicates Elevated Aerobic Capacity in Synapsids Since the Synapsida-Sauropsida Split". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9 751238. Bibcode:2021FrEEv...951238K. doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.751238. ISSN 2296-701X.
Rey, Kévin; Amiot, Romain; Fourel, François; Abdala, Fernando; Fluteau, Frédéric; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Liu, Jun; Rubidge, Bruce S; Smith, Roger MH; Steyer, J Sébastien; Viglietti, Pia A; Wang, Xu; Lécuyer, Christophe (2017-07-18). "Oxygen isotopes suggest elevated thermometabolism within multiple Permo-Triassic therapsid clades". eLife. 6 e28589. doi:10.7554/eLife.28589. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 5515572. PMID 28716184.
Faure-Brac, Mathieu G.; Cubo, Jorge (2020-03-02). "Were the synapsids primitively endotherms? A palaeohistological approach using phylogenetic eigenvector maps". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 375 (1793) 20190138. doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0138. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 7017441. PMID 31928185.
Faure-Brac, Mathieu G.; Woodward, Holly N.; Aubier, Paul; Cubo, Jorge (2024-04-19). "On the origins of endothermy in amniotes". iScience. 27 (4) 109375. Bibcode:2024iSci...27j9375F. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109375. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 10966186. PMID 38544566.
Angielczyk, K. D.; Schmitz, L. (2014-10-22). "Nocturnality in synapsids predates the origin of mammals by over 100 million years". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1793) 20141642. Bibcode:2014PBioS.28141642A. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1642. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 4173690. PMID 25186003.

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)

Seeley, Harry Govier (1895). "Researches on the structure, organisation, and classification of the fossil reptilia. Part X. On the complete skeleton of an anomodont reptile (Aristodesmus rutimeyeri, Wiedersheim), from the Bunter sandstone of Reihen, near Basel, giving new evidence of the relation of the Anomodontia to the Monotremata". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 59 (353–358): 167–169. doi:10.1098/rspl.1895.0070.

Synapsida (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

annualreviews.org (Global: 2,959th place; English: 2,678th place)

berkeley.edu (Global: 621st place; English: 429th place)

evolution.berkeley.edu

ucmp.berkeley.edu

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209th place; English: 151st place)

cell.com (Global: 2,821st place; English: 4,262nd place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

hal.science (Global: 2,005th place; English: 1,689th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

nasmus.co.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489th place; English: 425th place)

news.nationalgeographic.com

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nsf.gov (Global: 3,608th place; English: 2,387th place)

par.nsf.gov

orionmagazine.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

oup.com (Global: 292nd place; English: 233rd place)

academic.oup.com

rero.ch (Global: 3,023rd place; English: 2,092nd place)

doc.rero.ch

researchgate.net (Global: 96th place; English: 89th place)

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110th place; English: 817th place)

blogs.scientificamerican.com

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

springer.com (Global: 182nd place; English: 172nd place)

link.springer.com

tolweb.org (Global: 2,815th place; English: 3,619th place)

uchospitals.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

umd.edu (Global: 1,356th place; English: 1,172nd place)

life.umd.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

zenodo.org (Global: 737th place; English: 426th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

annualreviews.org (Global: 2,959^th place; English: 2,678^th place)

berkeley.edu (Global: 621^st place; English: 429^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

cell.com (Global: 2,821^st place; English: 4,262^nd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

hal.science (Global: 2,005^th place; English: 1,689^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489^th place; English: 425^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nsf.gov (Global: 3,608^th place; English: 2,387^th place)

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

rero.ch (Global: 3,023^rd place; English: 2,092^nd place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

scientificamerican.com (Global: 1,110^th place; English: 817^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

tolweb.org (Global: 2,815^th place; English: 3,619^th place)

umd.edu (Global: 1,356^th place; English: 1,172^nd place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)