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D'Ascenzo F, Biondi-Zoccai G, Reed MJ, Gabayan GZ, Suzuki M, Costantino G, et al. (2013-07-15). "Incidence, etiology and predictors of adverse outcomes in 43,315 patients presenting to the Emergency Department with syncope: An international meta-analysis". International Journal of Cardiology. 167 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.11.083. hdl:11380/793892. ISSN0167-5273. PMID22192287.
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Birnbaum A, Esses D, Bijur P, Wollowitz A, Gallagher EJ (August 2008). "Failure to validate the San Francisco Syncope Rule in an independent emergency department population". Ann Emerg Med. 52 (2): 151–159. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.12.007. PMID18282636.
Oqab Z, Ganshorn H, Sheldon R (September 2017). "Prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients presenting with syncope. A systematic review and meta-analysis". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 36 (4): 551–555. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2017.09.015. PMID28947223. S2CID5012417.
Paluso KA (August 2000). "The fainting patient. First and foremost, a meticulous evaluation". Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants. 13 (8): 40–42, 48–49, 53–54 passim. ISSN1547-1896. PMID11521616.
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D'Ascenzo F, Biondi-Zoccai G, Reed MJ, Gabayan GZ, Suzuki M, Costantino G, et al. (2013-07-15). "Incidence, etiology and predictors of adverse outcomes in 43,315 patients presenting to the Emergency Department with syncope: An international meta-analysis". International Journal of Cardiology. 167 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.11.083. hdl:11380/793892. ISSN0167-5273. PMID22192287.