Syntactic Structures (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Syntactic Structures" in English language version.

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Lightfoot, David W. (2002). "Introduction to the second edition of Syntactic Structures by Noam Chomsky". In Lightfoot, David W. (ed.). Syntactic Structures (second ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. v–xviii. ISBN 3110172798. Retrieved 2020-02-26.

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In particular, Chomsky wrote an academic paper in 1956 titled Three Models for the Description of Language published in the technological journal IRE Transactions on Information Theory (Chomsky 1956). It foreshadows many of the concepts presented in Syntactic Structures. Chomsky, Noam (1956), "Three models for the description of language" (PDF), IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 2 (3): 113–124, Bibcode:1956IRTIT...2..113C, doi:10.1109/TIT.1956.1056813, S2CID 19519474

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Hockett 1966, p. 156 Hockett, Charles (1966), "Language, mathematics and linguistics", Current Trends in Linguistics, vol. 3. Theoretical Foundations, The Hague: Mouton, pp. 155–304

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From Chomsky 1957, p. 103:"...such semantic notions as reference, significance, and synonymity played no role in the discussion." Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky is quoted in Riemsdijk & Huybregts 1982, p. 63 saying: "It [Syntactic Structures] was course notes for an undergraduate course at MIT. Van Schooneveld [a Dutch linguist who was associated with Mouton] showed up here once and took a look at some of my course notes from the undergraduate course I was teaching and said I ought to publish it." In (Dillinger & Palácio 1997, pp. 162–163), Chomsky recounted: "At the time Mouton was publishing just about anything, so they decided they'd publish it along with a thousand other worthless things that were coming out. That's the story of Syntactic Structures: course notes for undergraduate science students published by accident in Europe." The publication of Syntactic structures is also discussed in Noordegraaf 2001 and van Schooneveld 2001. Riemsdijk, Henk C. van.; Huybregts, Riny (1982), The Generative Enterprise: A Discussion, Dordrecht, Holland: Foris Publications Dillinger, Mike; Palácio, Adair (1997), "Lingüística gerativa: Desenvolvimento e Perspectivas uma Entrevista com Noam Chomsky", DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada (in Portuguese), 13: 199–235, doi:10.1590/S0102-44501997000300007 Noordegraaf, Jan (2001), "On the publication date of Syntactic Structures: A footnote to Murray 1999" (PDF), Historiographia Linguistica, 28 (1–2): 225–228, doi:10.1075/hl.28.1-2.18noo (inactive 28 January 2026){{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2026 (link) van Schooneveld, Cornelis H. (2001), "A brief comment re Jan Noordegraaf's "On the publication date of Syntactic Structures"", Historiographia Linguistica, 28 (3): 468, doi:10.1075/hl.28.3.19sch
From Chomsky 1957, p. 102: "In §§3-7 we outlined the development of some fundamental linguistic concepts in purely formal terms." Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
According to Steinberg, Hiroshi & Aline 2013, p. 371: "[Chomsky's generative system of rules] was more powerful that anything ... psycholinguists had heretofore had at their disposal. [It] was of special interest to these theorists. Many psychologists were quick to attribute generative systems to the minds of speakers and quick to abandon ... Behaviorism." Steinberg, Danny D.; Hiroshi, Nagata; Aline, David P. (2013), Psycholinguistics: Language, Mind and World, Routledge, ISBN 9781317900566
Especially Goodman's work on constructional systems and on the inadequacy of inductive approaches. See Chomsky 1975, p. 33. Goldsmith & Huck 1995, p. 24 writes: "Chomsky has said that he was convinced from his days as a student of Goodman's that there is no inductive learning." Chomsky, Noam (1975), The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory, New York: Plenum, ISBN 978-0-306-30760-7 Goldsmith, John A.; Huck, Geoffrey J. (1995), Ideology and Linguistic Theory: Noam Chomsky and the Deep Structure Debates, History of Linguistic Thought, London and New York: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-15313-3
Joseph, Love & Taylor 2001, p. 125 states: "The most significant discontinuity [between Harris's Methods and Chomsky's Syntactic Structures] is Chomsky's inversion of Harris's analytic procedures." Joseph, John E.; Love, Nigel; Taylor, Talbot J. (2001), Landmarks in Linguistic Thought II: The Western Tradition in the Twentieth Century, History of Linguistic Thought, London and New York: Routledge, ISBN 9780415063968
Chomsky 1957, p. 55 writes: "Our main point is that a linguistic theory should not be identified with a manual of useful procedures, nor should it be expected to provide mechanical procedures for the discovery of grammars" Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, p. 68 states:"a wide variety of apparently distinct phenomena [in English language] all fall into place in a very simple and natural way when we adopt the viewpoint of transformational analysis and that, consequently, the grammar of English becomes much more simple and orderly." Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Because it would "reveal" insights about sentence structures. See Chomsky 1957, p. 103 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Newmeyer 1987, p. 24 wrote that “[Chomsky’s] examples of defects of phrase structure grammar were illustrated simultaneously with the demonstration that grammars containing the more powerful transformational rules can handle the same phenomena in an elegant and revealing manner.” Newmeyer, Frederick J. (1987), Linguistic Theory in America (2 ed.), San Diego, California: Academic Press, ISBN 978-0125171519
In his introduction to Syntactic Structures (Chomsky 1957, p. ix), American linguist David Lightfoot wrote that "this ingenious transformation...avoided hopelessly complex phrase structure rules and yielded an elegant account... ” Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Boden 2006, p. 648 writes:"[Papers like the "Three Models"] had a huge, lasting influence on pure computer science" and that they are cited in "virtually every introduction to compiler design". Hopcroft & Ullman 1979, p. 9 states that "Chomsky's notion of a context-free grammar ... has aided immensely the specification of programming languages." Boden, Margaret (2006), Mind as Machine: A History of Cognitive Science, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-924144-6 Hopcroft, John E.; Ullman, Jeffrey D. (1979), Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation (1st ed.), Addison-Wesley, ISBN 978-81-7808-347-6
Chomsky 1957, p. 15 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, p. 17 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, p. 44 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, p. 13 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, p. 49 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, p. 85 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1975, p. 33 and Thomas 2012, p. 250 Chomsky, Noam (1975), The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory, New York: Plenum, ISBN 978-0-306-30760-7 Thomas, Margaret (2012), Fifty Key Thinkers on Language and Linguistics, Routledge, ISBN 9781136707506
Carnap 1934 Carnap, Rudolf (1934), Logische Syntax der Sprache, Wien (Vienna): Julius Springer, ISBN 978-3-662-23330-6 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Graffi 2001, p. 331 Graffi, Giorgio (2001), 200 Years of Syntax: A Critical Survey, Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, John Benjamins Publishing, ISBN 978-1588110527
McGilvray 2005, p. 117 McGilvray, James (2005), The Cambridge Companion to Chomsky, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521784313
Chomsky, Halle & Lukoff 1956 Chomsky, Noam; Halle, Morris; Lukoff, Fred (1956), "On Accent and Juncture in English", in M. Halle; H.G. Lunt; H. McLean; C.H. van Schooneveld (eds.), For Roman Jakobson: Essays on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday, The Hague: Mouton & Co., pp. 65–80, ISBN 9780598664198 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Koerner 2002 Koerner, E. F. K. (2002), Towards a history of American linguistics, Routledge Studies in the History of Linguistics 5, London & New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN 9781134495085
Newmeyer 1996 Newmeyer, Frederick J. (1996), Generative Linguistics: A Historical Perspective, Routledge history of linguistic thought series, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-11553-7
Chomsky 1974. Chomsky, Noam (1974), Estructuras sintácticas (in Spanish), translated by Otero, Carlos Peregrín, Mexico City, Mexico: Siglo XXI, ISBN 978-968-23-0075-2
Chomsky 1957, Preface Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, pp. 5–6 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, p. 16 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Carnap 1934, p. 2 Carnap, Rudolf (1934), Logische Syntax der Sprache, Wien (Vienna): Julius Springer, ISBN 978-3-662-23330-6 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, p. 18 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, pp. 19–21 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, pp. 26–33 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, p. 45 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, p. 46 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, pp. 38–40 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, pp. 49–56 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, pp. 85–87 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, p. 91 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, p. 93 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, p. 101 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Chomsky 1957, pp. 96–97 Chomsky, Noam (1957), Syntactic Structures, The Hague/Paris: Mouton, ISBN 978-3-11-021832-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Newmeyer 1987, p. 24 Newmeyer, Frederick J. (1987), Linguistic Theory in America (2 ed.), San Diego, California: Academic Press, ISBN 978-0125171519
Robins 1967, p. 226 Robins, R. H. (1967), A Short History of Linguistics, London: Longman, ISBN 9781317891116
Newmeyer 1996, pp. 24–26 Newmeyer, Frederick J. (1996), Generative Linguistics: A Historical Perspective, Routledge history of linguistic thought series, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-11553-7

chomsky.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

For its similarity to Hebrew. See Barsky 1997, p. 47 and "Noam Chomsky interviewed by David Samuels". Chomsky.info. Retrieved 16 November 2016. Barsky, Robert (1997), Noam Chomsky: A life of Dissent, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52255-7, archived from the original on 2006-09-06
In particular, Chomsky wrote an academic paper in 1956 titled Three Models for the Description of Language published in the technological journal IRE Transactions on Information Theory (Chomsky 1956). It foreshadows many of the concepts presented in Syntactic Structures. Chomsky, Noam (1956), "Three models for the description of language" (PDF), IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 2 (3): 113–124, Bibcode:1956IRTIT...2..113C, doi:10.1109/TIT.1956.1056813, S2CID 19519474

cogprints.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

In Chomsky 1959, Chomsky writes that he was "following a familiar technical use of the term "generate," cf. Post 1944". In Chomsky 1965, p. 9, Chomksy justifies his choice of the term "generate", writing that "the term 'generate' is familiar in the sense intended here in logic, particularly in Post's theory of combinatorial systems. Furthermore, 'generate' seems to be the most appropriate translation for Humboldt's term erzeugen, which he frequently uses, it seems, in essentially the sense here intended. Since this use of the term 'generate' is well established both in logic and in the tradition of linguistic theory." Chomsky, Noam (1959), "A Review of B. F. Skinner's Verbal Behavior", Language, 35 (1): 26–58, doi:10.2307/411334, JSTOR 411334 Post, Emil Leon (1944), "Recursively enumerable sets of positive integers and their decision problems", Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 50 (5): 284–316, doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1944-08111-1 Chomsky, Noam (1965), Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52740-8
Chomsky 1959 Chomsky, Noam (1959), "A Review of B. F. Skinner's Verbal Behavior", Language, 35 (1): 26–58, doi:10.2307/411334, JSTOR 411334

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Chomsky is quoted in Riemsdijk & Huybregts 1982, p. 63 saying: "It [Syntactic Structures] was course notes for an undergraduate course at MIT. Van Schooneveld [a Dutch linguist who was associated with Mouton] showed up here once and took a look at some of my course notes from the undergraduate course I was teaching and said I ought to publish it." In (Dillinger & Palácio 1997, pp. 162–163), Chomsky recounted: "At the time Mouton was publishing just about anything, so they decided they'd publish it along with a thousand other worthless things that were coming out. That's the story of Syntactic Structures: course notes for undergraduate science students published by accident in Europe." The publication of Syntactic structures is also discussed in Noordegraaf 2001 and van Schooneveld 2001. Riemsdijk, Henk C. van.; Huybregts, Riny (1982), The Generative Enterprise: A Discussion, Dordrecht, Holland: Foris Publications Dillinger, Mike; Palácio, Adair (1997), "Lingüística gerativa: Desenvolvimento e Perspectivas uma Entrevista com Noam Chomsky", DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada (in Portuguese), 13: 199–235, doi:10.1590/S0102-44501997000300007 Noordegraaf, Jan (2001), "On the publication date of Syntactic Structures: A footnote to Murray 1999" (PDF), Historiographia Linguistica, 28 (1–2): 225–228, doi:10.1075/hl.28.1-2.18noo (inactive 28 January 2026){{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2026 (link) van Schooneveld, Cornelis H. (2001), "A brief comment re Jan Noordegraaf's "On the publication date of Syntactic Structures"", Historiographia Linguistica, 28 (3): 468, doi:10.1075/hl.28.3.19sch
Pullum 2011 writes: "[Chomsky] was at the time an unknown 28-year-old who taught language classes at MIT" Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2011), "On the Mathematical Foundations of Syntactic Structures" (PDF), Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 20 (3): 277–296, doi:10.1007/s10849-011-9139-8, hdl:20.500.11820/3bfafa09-b7f2-4249-b2d3-714227f2ddb8, S2CID 26842058
Tomalin 2003 writes that "It is well known that Carnap's post-Aufbau work (especially Logische Syntax der Sprache) influenced Chomsky directly to some extent." Tomalin, Marcus (2003), "Goodman, Quine, and Chomsky: from a grammatical point of view", Lingua, 113 (12): 1223–1253, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.136.6985, doi:10.1016/s0024-3841(03)00017-2 {{citation}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Before Chomsky, Israeli mathematician and linguist Yehoshua Bar-Hillel had already shown in Bar-Hillel 1953 that formal languages and methods used in symbolic logic can be adapted to analyze human languages. Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua (1953), "A Quasi-Arithmetical Notation for Syntactic Description", Language, 29 (1): 47–58, doi:10.2307/410452, JSTOR 410452
In particular, Chomsky wrote an academic paper in 1956 titled Three Models for the Description of Language published in the technological journal IRE Transactions on Information Theory (Chomsky 1956). It foreshadows many of the concepts presented in Syntactic Structures. Chomsky, Noam (1956), "Three models for the description of language" (PDF), IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 2 (3): 113–124, Bibcode:1956IRTIT...2..113C, doi:10.1109/TIT.1956.1056813, S2CID 19519474
Oenbring 2009 remarks that Lees's review was "hyperbolic", his language "loaded" and Harris 1993 refers to Lees as "Chomsky's Huxley", referring to the proselytizing "bulldog" role played by Thomas Henry Huxley in defense of Charles Darwin's theories on evolution. Voegelin 1958 considers Lees to be "Chomsky's explicator". Chomsky himself considers Lees's review "provocative." (Chomsky 1975, p. 3) Oenbring, Raymond (2009), Scientific rhetoric and disciplinary identity: A critical rhetorical history of generative grammar (Ph.D. thesis), University of Washington Harris, Randy Allen (1993), The Linguistics Wars, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195098341 Voegelin, Charles F (1958), "Review of Noam Chomsky, Syntactic Structures", International Journal of American Linguistics, 24 (3): 229–231, doi:10.1086/464460 Chomsky, Noam (1975), The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory, New York: Plenum, ISBN 978-0-306-30760-7
Thorne 1965 remarked that "a revolution of the kind Kuhn describes has recently taken place in linguistics – dating from the publication of Chomsky's Syntactic Structures in 1957". According to Sklar 1968: "What has happened in linguistics since Chomsky appeared on the scene almost perfectly fits Kuhn's description of how a scientific revolution works." Searle 1972 writes that "[Chomsky's] revolution followed fairly closely the general pattern described in Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions". Thorne, James Peter (1965), "Review of P. Postal, Constituent Structure", Journal of Linguistics, 1: 73–6, doi:10.1017/s0022226700001055, S2CID 144201727 Sklar, Robert (9 September 1968), "Chomsky's Revolution in Linguistics", The Nation: 213–217 Searle, John R. (1972), "Chomsky's Revolution in Linguistics", The New York Review of Books, 18 (12)
According to Heitner 2005: "[Carnap's sentence] actually does the double duty of demonstrating the "autonomy" of syntactic and phonological structure, an indication that not only can sentences be recognized as syntactically well-formed, but individual words can also be recognized as phonologically well-formed independent of semantics." Heitner, R. M. (2005), "An odd couple: Chomsky and Quine on the phoneme", Language Sciences, 27: 1–30, doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2003.11.006
In Chomsky 1959, Chomsky writes that he was "following a familiar technical use of the term "generate," cf. Post 1944". In Chomsky 1965, p. 9, Chomksy justifies his choice of the term "generate", writing that "the term 'generate' is familiar in the sense intended here in logic, particularly in Post's theory of combinatorial systems. Furthermore, 'generate' seems to be the most appropriate translation for Humboldt's term erzeugen, which he frequently uses, it seems, in essentially the sense here intended. Since this use of the term 'generate' is well established both in logic and in the tradition of linguistic theory." Chomsky, Noam (1959), "A Review of B. F. Skinner's Verbal Behavior", Language, 35 (1): 26–58, doi:10.2307/411334, JSTOR 411334 Post, Emil Leon (1944), "Recursively enumerable sets of positive integers and their decision problems", Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 50 (5): 284–316, doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1944-08111-1 Chomsky, Noam (1965), Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52740-8
Davidson 1967 writes: "Recent work by Chomsky and others is doing much to bring the complexities of natural languages within the scope of serious semantic theory". Davidson, Donald (1967), "Truth and Meaning", Synthese, 17: 304–23, doi:10.1007/bf00485035, S2CID 14720789
Cook 2007 Cook, Vivian (2007), "Chomsky's Syntactic Structures fifty years on", International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 17 (1): 120–131, doi:10.1111/j.1473-4192.2007.00137.x{{citation}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
Quine 1951 Quine, Willard Van Orman (1951), "Two Dogmas of Empiricism", Philosophical Review, 60 (1): 20–43, doi:10.2307/2181906, JSTOR 2181906
Chomsky 1953 Chomsky, Noam (1953), "Systems of Syntactic Analysis", Journal of Symbolic Logic, 18 (3): 242–256, doi:10.2307/2267409, JSTOR 2267409, S2CID 11796020
Lees 1957 Lees, Robert (1957), "Review of Syntactic Structures" (PDF), Language, 33 (3): 375–408, doi:10.2307/411160, JSTOR 411160, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-26, retrieved 2009-09-17.
Newmeyer 1986 Newmeyer, Frederick J. (1986), "Has There Been a 'Chomskyan Revolution' in Linguistics?", Language, 62 (1): 1–18, doi:10.2307/415597, JSTOR 415597
Tomalin 2002 Tomalin, Marcus (2002), "The formal origins of syntactic theory", Lingua, 112 (10): 827–848, doi:10.1016/S0024-3841(02)00049-9
Post 1943, Post 1944 and Pullum & Scholz 2001 Post, Emil Leon (1943), "Formal Reductions of the General Combinatorial Decision Problem", American Journal of Mathematics, 65 (2): 197–215, doi:10.2307/2371809, JSTOR 2371809 Post, Emil Leon (1944), "Recursively enumerable sets of positive integers and their decision problems", Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 50 (5): 284–316, doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1944-08111-1 Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Scholz, Barbara C. (2001), "On the distinction between model-theoretic and generative-enumerative syntactic frameworks", in Philippe de Groote; Glyn Morrill; Christian Retore (eds.), Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics: 4th International Conference, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Berlin: Springer Verlag, pp. 17–43
Harris 1989 Harris, Randy Allen (1989), "Argumentation in Chomsky's syntactic structures: An exercise in rhetoric of science", Rhetoric Society Quarterly, 19 (2): 105–130, doi:10.1080/02773948909390840
Voegelin 1958 Voegelin, Charles F (1958), "Review of Noam Chomsky, Syntactic Structures", International Journal of American Linguistics, 24 (3): 229–231, doi:10.1086/464460
Bach 1965, pp. 111–12 Bach, Emmon (1965), "Structural Linguistics and the Philosophy of Science", Diogenes, 13 (51): 111–128, doi:10.1177/039219216501305107, S2CID 145793812
Thorne 1965, p. 74 Thorne, James Peter (1965), "Review of P. Postal, Constituent Structure", Journal of Linguistics, 1: 73–6, doi:10.1017/s0022226700001055, S2CID 144201727
Lyons 1966 Lyons, John (1966), "Review of Aspects of the Theory of Syntax by Noam Chomsky", The Philosophical Quarterly, 16 (65): 393–395, doi:10.2307/2218520, JSTOR 2218520.
Chomsky 1959 Chomsky, Noam (1959), "A Review of B. F. Skinner's Verbal Behavior", Language, 35 (1): 26–58, doi:10.2307/411334, JSTOR 411334
Pallier, Devauchelle & Dehaene 2011, pp. 2522–2527 Pallier, Christophe; Devauchelle, Anne-Dominique; Dehaene, Stanislas (2011), "Cortical representation of the constituent structure of sentences", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (6): 2522–2527, doi:10.1073/pnas.1018711108, PMC 3038732, PMID 21224415
Hockett 1965, p. 185 Hockett, Charles (1965), "Sound Change", Language, 41 (2): 185–204, doi:10.2307/411873, JSTOR 411873.
Pullum 2011 Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2011), "On the Mathematical Foundations of Syntactic Structures" (PDF), Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 20 (3): 277–296, doi:10.1007/s10849-011-9139-8, hdl:20.500.11820/3bfafa09-b7f2-4249-b2d3-714227f2ddb8, S2CID 26842058
Pullum & Gazdar 1982 Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Gazdar, Gerald (1982), "Natural languages and context-free languages" (PDF), Linguistics and Philosophy, 4 (4): 471–504, doi:10.1007/bf00360802, S2CID 189881482, archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-11-01, retrieved 2016-10-22
Shieber, S. M. (1985). "Evidence against the context-freeness of natural language". Linguistics and Philosophy. 8 (3): 333–343. doi:10.1007/BF00630917. S2CID 222277837.
Gazdar, Gerald (1988). "Applicability of Indexed Grammars to Natural Languages". Natural Language Parsing and Linguistic Theories. Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy. Vol. 35. pp. 69–94. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1337-0_3. ISBN 978-1-55608-056-2.

ed.ac.uk (Global: 1,867^th place; English: 1,129^th place)

lel.ed.ac.uk

Pullum 2011 writes: "[Chomsky] was at the time an unknown 28-year-old who taught language classes at MIT" Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2011), "On the Mathematical Foundations of Syntactic Structures" (PDF), Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 20 (3): 277–296, doi:10.1007/s10849-011-9139-8, hdl:20.500.11820/3bfafa09-b7f2-4249-b2d3-714227f2ddb8, S2CID 26842058
Pullum 2011 Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2011), "On the Mathematical Foundations of Syntactic Structures" (PDF), Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 20 (3): 277–296, doi:10.1007/s10849-011-9139-8, hdl:20.500.11820/3bfafa09-b7f2-4249-b2d3-714227f2ddb8, S2CID 26842058

facultyoflanguage.blogspot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Norbert Hornstein (27 January 2017). "On Syntactic Structures". Faculty of Language. Retrieved 18 July 2017.

grsampson.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sampson 2001, p. 152 Sampson, Geoffrey (2001), Empirical Linguistics, London and New York: Continuum International
Sampson 2001, pp. 5, 10, 13. Sampson, Geoffrey (2001), Empirical Linguistics, London and New York: Continuum International
Sampson 2001, pp. 152. Sampson, Geoffrey (2001), Empirical Linguistics, London and New York: Continuum International

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Pullum 2011 writes: "[Chomsky] was at the time an unknown 28-year-old who taught language classes at MIT" Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2011), "On the Mathematical Foundations of Syntactic Structures" (PDF), Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 20 (3): 277–296, doi:10.1007/s10849-011-9139-8, hdl:20.500.11820/3bfafa09-b7f2-4249-b2d3-714227f2ddb8, S2CID 26842058
Specifically, the model proposed in Shannon & Weaver 1949 Shannon, Claude E.; Weaver, Warren (1949), The Mathematical Theory of Communication, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-002C-4314-2, ISBN 978-0-252-72548-7 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Pullum 2011 Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2011), "On the Mathematical Foundations of Syntactic Structures" (PDF), Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 20 (3): 277–296, doi:10.1007/s10849-011-9139-8, hdl:20.500.11820/3bfafa09-b7f2-4249-b2d3-714227f2ddb8, S2CID 26842058

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Before Chomsky, Israeli mathematician and linguist Yehoshua Bar-Hillel had already shown in Bar-Hillel 1953 that formal languages and methods used in symbolic logic can be adapted to analyze human languages. Bar-Hillel, Yehoshua (1953), "A Quasi-Arithmetical Notation for Syntactic Description", Language, 29 (1): 47–58, doi:10.2307/410452, JSTOR 410452
In Chomsky 1959, Chomsky writes that he was "following a familiar technical use of the term "generate," cf. Post 1944". In Chomsky 1965, p. 9, Chomksy justifies his choice of the term "generate", writing that "the term 'generate' is familiar in the sense intended here in logic, particularly in Post's theory of combinatorial systems. Furthermore, 'generate' seems to be the most appropriate translation for Humboldt's term erzeugen, which he frequently uses, it seems, in essentially the sense here intended. Since this use of the term 'generate' is well established both in logic and in the tradition of linguistic theory." Chomsky, Noam (1959), "A Review of B. F. Skinner's Verbal Behavior", Language, 35 (1): 26–58, doi:10.2307/411334, JSTOR 411334 Post, Emil Leon (1944), "Recursively enumerable sets of positive integers and their decision problems", Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 50 (5): 284–316, doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1944-08111-1 Chomsky, Noam (1965), Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52740-8
Quine 1951 Quine, Willard Van Orman (1951), "Two Dogmas of Empiricism", Philosophical Review, 60 (1): 20–43, doi:10.2307/2181906, JSTOR 2181906
Chomsky 1953 Chomsky, Noam (1953), "Systems of Syntactic Analysis", Journal of Symbolic Logic, 18 (3): 242–256, doi:10.2307/2267409, JSTOR 2267409, S2CID 11796020
Lees 1957 Lees, Robert (1957), "Review of Syntactic Structures" (PDF), Language, 33 (3): 375–408, doi:10.2307/411160, JSTOR 411160, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-26, retrieved 2009-09-17.
Newmeyer 1986 Newmeyer, Frederick J. (1986), "Has There Been a 'Chomskyan Revolution' in Linguistics?", Language, 62 (1): 1–18, doi:10.2307/415597, JSTOR 415597
Post 1943, Post 1944 and Pullum & Scholz 2001 Post, Emil Leon (1943), "Formal Reductions of the General Combinatorial Decision Problem", American Journal of Mathematics, 65 (2): 197–215, doi:10.2307/2371809, JSTOR 2371809 Post, Emil Leon (1944), "Recursively enumerable sets of positive integers and their decision problems", Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 50 (5): 284–316, doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1944-08111-1 Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Scholz, Barbara C. (2001), "On the distinction between model-theoretic and generative-enumerative syntactic frameworks", in Philippe de Groote; Glyn Morrill; Christian Retore (eds.), Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics: 4th International Conference, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Berlin: Springer Verlag, pp. 17–43
Lyons 1966 Lyons, John (1966), "Review of Aspects of the Theory of Syntax by Noam Chomsky", The Philosophical Quarterly, 16 (65): 393–395, doi:10.2307/2218520, JSTOR 2218520.
Chomsky 1959 Chomsky, Noam (1959), "A Review of B. F. Skinner's Verbal Behavior", Language, 35 (1): 26–58, doi:10.2307/411334, JSTOR 411334
Hockett 1965, p. 185 Hockett, Charles (1965), "Sound Change", Language, 41 (2): 185–204, doi:10.2307/411873, JSTOR 411873.

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

cognet.mit.edu

Specifically, Chomsky read David Kimhi's Hebrew Grammar (Mikhlol) (1952), an annotated study of a 13th century Hebrew grammar. It was written by his father, William Chomsky, one of the leading Hebrew scholars at the time. See Barsky 1997, p. 10 Barsky, Robert (1997), Noam Chomsky: A life of Dissent, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52255-7, archived from the original on 2006-09-06
For its similarity to Hebrew. See Barsky 1997, p. 47 and "Noam Chomsky interviewed by David Samuels". Chomsky.info. Retrieved 16 November 2016. Barsky, Robert (1997), Noam Chomsky: A life of Dissent, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52255-7, archived from the original on 2006-09-06
Barsky 1997, p. 48 Barsky, Robert (1997), Noam Chomsky: A life of Dissent, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52255-7, archived from the original on 2006-09-06
Barsky 1997, pp. 49–50 Barsky, Robert (1997), Noam Chomsky: A life of Dissent, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52255-7, archived from the original on 2006-09-06
Barsky 1997, p. 83 Barsky, Robert (1997), Noam Chomsky: A life of Dissent, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52255-7, archived from the original on 2006-09-06
Barsky 1997, p. 86 Barsky, Robert (1997), Noam Chomsky: A life of Dissent, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52255-7, archived from the original on 2006-09-06
Barsky 1997, pp. 81–82 Barsky, Robert (1997), Noam Chomsky: A life of Dissent, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52255-7, archived from the original on 2006-09-06

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pallier, Devauchelle & Dehaene 2011, pp. 2522–2527 Pallier, Christophe; Devauchelle, Anne-Dominique; Dehaene, Stanislas (2011), "Cortical representation of the constituent structure of sentences", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (6): 2522–2527, doi:10.1073/pnas.1018711108, PMC 3038732, PMID 21224415

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pallier, Devauchelle & Dehaene 2011, pp. 2522–2527 Pallier, Christophe; Devauchelle, Anne-Dominique; Dehaene, Stanislas (2011), "Cortical representation of the constituent structure of sentences", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (6): 2522–2527, doi:10.1073/pnas.1018711108, PMC 3038732, PMID 21224415

nrs.harvard.edu (Global: 9,134^th place; English: 5,112^th place)

Shieber, S. M. (1985). "Evidence against the context-freeness of natural language". Linguistics and Philosophy. 8 (3): 333–343. doi:10.1007/BF00630917. S2CID 222277837.

nybooks.com (Global: 2,009^th place; English: 1,223^rd place)

Thorne 1965 remarked that "a revolution of the kind Kuhn describes has recently taken place in linguistics – dating from the publication of Chomsky's Syntactic Structures in 1957". According to Sklar 1968: "What has happened in linguistics since Chomsky appeared on the scene almost perfectly fits Kuhn's description of how a scientific revolution works." Searle 1972 writes that "[Chomsky's] revolution followed fairly closely the general pattern described in Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions". Thorne, James Peter (1965), "Review of P. Postal, Constituent Structure", Journal of Linguistics, 1: 73–6, doi:10.1017/s0022226700001055, S2CID 144201727 Sklar, Robert (9 September 1968), "Chomsky's Revolution in Linguistics", The Nation: 213–217 Searle, John R. (1972), "Chomsky's Revolution in Linguistics", The New York Review of Books, 18 (12)
Searle 2002 Searle, John R. (2002), "End of the Revolution", The New York Review of Books, 49 (3): 33–6
Searle 1972 Searle, John R. (1972), "Chomsky's Revolution in Linguistics", The New York Review of Books, 18 (12)

nyu.edu (Global: 1,362^nd place; English: 822^nd place)

"Chomsky Was Right, NYU Researchers Find: We Do Have a "Grammar" in Our Head". New York University. Retrieved 16 November 2016.

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

global.oup.com

Oenbring 2009 remarks that Lees's review was "hyperbolic", his language "loaded" and Harris 1993 refers to Lees as "Chomsky's Huxley", referring to the proselytizing "bulldog" role played by Thomas Henry Huxley in defense of Charles Darwin's theories on evolution. Voegelin 1958 considers Lees to be "Chomsky's explicator". Chomsky himself considers Lees's review "provocative." (Chomsky 1975, p. 3) Oenbring, Raymond (2009), Scientific rhetoric and disciplinary identity: A critical rhetorical history of generative grammar (Ph.D. thesis), University of Washington Harris, Randy Allen (1993), The Linguistics Wars, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195098341 Voegelin, Charles F (1958), "Review of Noam Chomsky, Syntactic Structures", International Journal of American Linguistics, 24 (3): 229–231, doi:10.1086/464460 Chomsky, Noam (1975), The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory, New York: Plenum, ISBN 978-0-306-30760-7
Harris 1993, Chapter 3 Harris, Randy Allen (1993), The Linguistics Wars, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195098341

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Tomalin 2003 writes that "It is well known that Carnap's post-Aufbau work (especially Logische Syntax der Sprache) influenced Chomsky directly to some extent." Tomalin, Marcus (2003), "Goodman, Quine, and Chomsky: from a grammatical point of view", Lingua, 113 (12): 1223–1253, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.136.6985, doi:10.1016/s0024-3841(03)00017-2 {{citation}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

radicalanthropologygroup.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Anthropology, Radical (2008). "Human nature and the origins of language" (PDF). Radical Anthropology (2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-12-07. Retrieved 2020-02-25.

routledge.com (Global: 2,583^rd place; English: 1,549^th place)

Stokhof 2012, p. 548 writes: "That natural languages are indeed not systematic enough to allow formal treatment ... is ... a complaint that has been leveled against natural languages by philosophers for centuries. The work of Chomsky in generative linguistics apparently inspired much more confidence in philosophers and logicians to assert that perhaps natural languages weren't as unsystematic and misleading as their philosophical predecessors had made them out to be ... at the end of 1960s formal semantics began to flourish." Stokhof, Martin (2012), "The Role of Artificial Languages in the Philosophy of Language", in Gillian Russell and Delia Graff Fara (ed.), The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Language, Routledge Philosophy Companions, Routledge

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Pullum 2011 writes: "[Chomsky] was at the time an unknown 28-year-old who taught language classes at MIT" Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2011), "On the Mathematical Foundations of Syntactic Structures" (PDF), Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 20 (3): 277–296, doi:10.1007/s10849-011-9139-8, hdl:20.500.11820/3bfafa09-b7f2-4249-b2d3-714227f2ddb8, S2CID 26842058
In particular, Chomsky wrote an academic paper in 1956 titled Three Models for the Description of Language published in the technological journal IRE Transactions on Information Theory (Chomsky 1956). It foreshadows many of the concepts presented in Syntactic Structures. Chomsky, Noam (1956), "Three models for the description of language" (PDF), IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 2 (3): 113–124, Bibcode:1956IRTIT...2..113C, doi:10.1109/TIT.1956.1056813, S2CID 19519474
Thorne 1965 remarked that "a revolution of the kind Kuhn describes has recently taken place in linguistics – dating from the publication of Chomsky's Syntactic Structures in 1957". According to Sklar 1968: "What has happened in linguistics since Chomsky appeared on the scene almost perfectly fits Kuhn's description of how a scientific revolution works." Searle 1972 writes that "[Chomsky's] revolution followed fairly closely the general pattern described in Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions". Thorne, James Peter (1965), "Review of P. Postal, Constituent Structure", Journal of Linguistics, 1: 73–6, doi:10.1017/s0022226700001055, S2CID 144201727 Sklar, Robert (9 September 1968), "Chomsky's Revolution in Linguistics", The Nation: 213–217 Searle, John R. (1972), "Chomsky's Revolution in Linguistics", The New York Review of Books, 18 (12)
Davidson 1967 writes: "Recent work by Chomsky and others is doing much to bring the complexities of natural languages within the scope of serious semantic theory". Davidson, Donald (1967), "Truth and Meaning", Synthese, 17: 304–23, doi:10.1007/bf00485035, S2CID 14720789
Chomsky 1953 Chomsky, Noam (1953), "Systems of Syntactic Analysis", Journal of Symbolic Logic, 18 (3): 242–256, doi:10.2307/2267409, JSTOR 2267409, S2CID 11796020
Bach 1965, pp. 111–12 Bach, Emmon (1965), "Structural Linguistics and the Philosophy of Science", Diogenes, 13 (51): 111–128, doi:10.1177/039219216501305107, S2CID 145793812
Thorne 1965, p. 74 Thorne, James Peter (1965), "Review of P. Postal, Constituent Structure", Journal of Linguistics, 1: 73–6, doi:10.1017/s0022226700001055, S2CID 144201727
Pullum 2011 Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2011), "On the Mathematical Foundations of Syntactic Structures" (PDF), Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 20 (3): 277–296, doi:10.1007/s10849-011-9139-8, hdl:20.500.11820/3bfafa09-b7f2-4249-b2d3-714227f2ddb8, S2CID 26842058
Pullum & Gazdar 1982 Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Gazdar, Gerald (1982), "Natural languages and context-free languages" (PDF), Linguistics and Philosophy, 4 (4): 471–504, doi:10.1007/bf00360802, S2CID 189881482, archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-11-01, retrieved 2016-10-22
Shieber, S. M. (1985). "Evidence against the context-freeness of natural language". Linguistics and Philosophy. 8 (3): 333–343. doi:10.1007/BF00630917. S2CID 222277837.

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

lingo.stanford.edu

Lees 1957 Lees, Robert (1957), "Review of Syntactic Structures" (PDF), Language, 33 (3): 375–408, doi:10.2307/411160, JSTOR 411160, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-26, retrieved 2009-09-17.
Pullum & Gazdar 1982 Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Gazdar, Gerald (1982), "Natural languages and context-free languages" (PDF), Linguistics and Philosophy, 4 (4): 471–504, doi:10.1007/bf00360802, S2CID 189881482, archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-11-01, retrieved 2016-10-22

www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu

From the preface of Knuth 2003: "... researchers in linguistics were beginning to formulate rules of grammar that were considerably more mathematical than before. And people began to realize that such methods are highly relevant to the artificial languages that were becoming popular for computer programming, even though natural languages like English remained intractable. I found the mathematical approach to grammar immediately appealing—so much so, in fact, that I must admit to taking a copy of Noam Chomsky's Syntactic Structures along with me on my honeymoon in 1961. During odd moments, while crossing the Atlantic in an ocean liner and while camping in Europe, I read that book rather thoroughly and tried to answer some basic theoretical questions. Here was a marvelous thing: a mathematical theory of language in which I could use a computer programmer's intuition! The mathematical, linguistic, and algorithmic parts of my life had previously been totally separate. During the ensuing years those three aspects became steadily more intertwined; and by the end of the 1960s I found myself a Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University, primarily because of work that I had done with respect to languages for computer programming." Knuth, Donald (2003), Selected Papers on Computer Languages, CSLI Lecture Notes, Stanford, California: Center for the Study of Language and Information, archived from the original on 2018-08-20, retrieved 2009-09-17

stonybrook.edu (Global: 9,832^nd place; English: 5,790^th place)

linguistics.stonybrook.edu

Aronoff 2014 Aronoff, Mark (2014), "Face the facts : Reading Chomsky's 'Remarks on Nominalization' after forty years", in Florence Villoing; Sophie David (eds.), Foisonnements morphologiques: études en hommage à Françoise Kerleroux, Paris: Presses Universitaires de Paris Ouest, pp. 307–324, archived from the original on 2016-06-09, retrieved 2017-10-08

thenation.com (Global: 1,926^th place; English: 1,038^th place)

Johnson, Steven (2002). "Sociobiology and you". The Nation. No. November 18. Retrieved 2020-02-25.

time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

entertainment.time.com

Grossman, Lev (17 August 2016). "All-TIME 100 Nonfiction Books : Syntactic Structures". Time. Retrieved 14 October 2016.

umass.edu (Global: 3,436^th place; English: 2,060^th place)

scholarworks.umass.edu

Bach 1965, pp. 111–12 Bach, Emmon (1965), "Structural Linguistics and the Philosophy of Science", Diogenes, 13 (51): 111–128, doi:10.1177/039219216501305107, S2CID 145793812

umn.edu (Global: 1,293^rd place; English: 776^th place)

cogsci.umn.edu

"The Cognitive Science Millennium Project". 2004-08-21. Archived from the original on 2004-08-21. Retrieved 2019-12-31.

uni-bielefeld.de (Global: 9,541^st place; English: low place)

wwwhomes.uni-bielefeld.de

Michaelis, J. (1998). "Derivational minimalism is mildly context-sensitive" (PDF). LACL '98: Selected papers from the Third International Conference, on Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics: 179–193.

uva.nl (Global: 3,161^st place; English: 2,525^th place)

dare.uva.nl

A scan of Chomsky's own typewritten letter dated 5 August 1956 to Mouton editor Cornelis van Schooneveld can be found in Hamans 2014. This letter accompanied the final version of the manuscript. Hamans, Camiel (2014), "The coming about of Syntactic Structures", Beiträge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft, 24 (1): 133–156
Hamans 2014 Hamans, Camiel (2014), "The coming about of Syntactic Structures", Beiträge zur Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft, 24 (1): 133–156

vu.nl (Global: 8,771^st place; English: 6,166^th place)

dare.ubvu.vu.nl

Chomsky is quoted in Riemsdijk & Huybregts 1982, p. 63 saying: "It [Syntactic Structures] was course notes for an undergraduate course at MIT. Van Schooneveld [a Dutch linguist who was associated with Mouton] showed up here once and took a look at some of my course notes from the undergraduate course I was teaching and said I ought to publish it." In (Dillinger & Palácio 1997, pp. 162–163), Chomsky recounted: "At the time Mouton was publishing just about anything, so they decided they'd publish it along with a thousand other worthless things that were coming out. That's the story of Syntactic Structures: course notes for undergraduate science students published by accident in Europe." The publication of Syntactic structures is also discussed in Noordegraaf 2001 and van Schooneveld 2001. Riemsdijk, Henk C. van.; Huybregts, Riny (1982), The Generative Enterprise: A Discussion, Dordrecht, Holland: Foris Publications Dillinger, Mike; Palácio, Adair (1997), "Lingüística gerativa: Desenvolvimento e Perspectivas uma Entrevista com Noam Chomsky", DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada (in Portuguese), 13: 199–235, doi:10.1590/S0102-44501997000300007 Noordegraaf, Jan (2001), "On the publication date of Syntactic Structures: A footnote to Murray 1999" (PDF), Historiographia Linguistica, 28 (1–2): 225–228, doi:10.1075/hl.28.1-2.18noo (inactive 28 January 2026){{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2026 (link) van Schooneveld, Cornelis H. (2001), "A brief comment re Jan Noordegraaf's "On the publication date of Syntactic Structures"", Historiographia Linguistica, 28 (3): 468, doi:10.1075/hl.28.3.19sch

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Specifically, Chomsky read David Kimhi's Hebrew Grammar (Mikhlol) (1952), an annotated study of a 13th century Hebrew grammar. It was written by his father, William Chomsky, one of the leading Hebrew scholars at the time. See Barsky 1997, p. 10 Barsky, Robert (1997), Noam Chomsky: A life of Dissent, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52255-7, archived from the original on 2006-09-06
For its similarity to Hebrew. See Barsky 1997, p. 47 and "Noam Chomsky interviewed by David Samuels". Chomsky.info. Retrieved 16 November 2016. Barsky, Robert (1997), Noam Chomsky: A life of Dissent, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52255-7, archived from the original on 2006-09-06
From the preface of Knuth 2003: "... researchers in linguistics were beginning to formulate rules of grammar that were considerably more mathematical than before. And people began to realize that such methods are highly relevant to the artificial languages that were becoming popular for computer programming, even though natural languages like English remained intractable. I found the mathematical approach to grammar immediately appealing—so much so, in fact, that I must admit to taking a copy of Noam Chomsky's Syntactic Structures along with me on my honeymoon in 1961. During odd moments, while crossing the Atlantic in an ocean liner and while camping in Europe, I read that book rather thoroughly and tried to answer some basic theoretical questions. Here was a marvelous thing: a mathematical theory of language in which I could use a computer programmer's intuition! The mathematical, linguistic, and algorithmic parts of my life had previously been totally separate. During the ensuing years those three aspects became steadily more intertwined; and by the end of the 1960s I found myself a Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University, primarily because of work that I had done with respect to languages for computer programming." Knuth, Donald (2003), Selected Papers on Computer Languages, CSLI Lecture Notes, Stanford, California: Center for the Study of Language and Information, archived from the original on 2018-08-20, retrieved 2009-09-17
See the list of the 100 most influential works in cognitive science from the 20th century online here: https://web.archive.org/web/20040821111702/http://www.cogsci.umn.edu/OLD/calendar/past_events/millennium/final.html
"The Cognitive Science Millennium Project". 2004-08-21. Archived from the original on 2004-08-21. Retrieved 2019-12-31.
Anthropology, Radical (2008). "Human nature and the origins of language" (PDF). Radical Anthropology (2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-12-07. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
Barsky 1997, p. 48 Barsky, Robert (1997), Noam Chomsky: A life of Dissent, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52255-7, archived from the original on 2006-09-06
Barsky 1997, pp. 49–50 Barsky, Robert (1997), Noam Chomsky: A life of Dissent, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-52255-7, archived from the original on 2006-09-06
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Seymour-Smith 1998 Seymour-Smith, Martin (1998), The 100 most influential books ever written : the history of thought from ancient times to today, Secaucus, N.J.: Carol Publ. Group, ISBN 978-0-8065-2000-1, OCLC 38258131

Syntactic Structures (English Wikipedia)

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