Syrian Kurdistan (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Syrian Kurdistan" in English language version.

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Metin Gurcan (7 November 2019). "Is the PKK worried by the YPG's growing popularity?". al-Monitor. Retrieved 7 November 2019.

aljazeera.com

"Turkey's military operation in Syria: All the latest updates". al Jazeera. 14 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.

amazon.com

Simpson, John Hope (1939). The Refugee Problem: Report of a Survey (First ed.). London: Oxford University Press. p. 458. ASIN B0006AOLOA.

araborthodoxy.blogspot.ca

Abu Fakhr, Saqr, 2013. As-Safir daily Newspaper, Beirut. in Arabic Christian Decline in the Middle East: A Historical View

archive.org

Yildiz, Kerim (2005). The Kurds in Syria : the forgotten people (1. publ. ed.). London [etc.]: Pluto Press, in association with Kurdish Human Rights Project. p. 25. ISBN 0-7453-2499-1.
Kreyenbroek, Philip G.; Sperl, Stefan (1992). The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview. London: Routledge. pp. 147. ISBN 0-415-07265-4.

ardmediathek.de

"Nordsyrien: Warum ein Deutscher sein Leben für die Kurden riskiert" [Northern Syria: Why a German risks his life for the Kurds]. ARD (in German). 31 October 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.

assafir.com

Abu Fakhr, Saqr, 2013. As-Safir daily Newspaper, Beirut. in Arabic Christian Decline in the Middle East: A Historical View

books.google.com

Kajjo 2020, pp. 279, 284; Tejel 2020, pp. 251–252, 259; Lange 2018, pp. 275–276, 285; O'Leary 2018; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Allsopp 2016, p. 29; Gunter 2014, p. 8. Kajjo, Sirwan (2020). "Syrian Kurds: Rising from the Ashes of Persecution". In Khen, Hilly Moodrick-Even; Boms, Nir T.; Ashraph, Sareta (eds.). The Syrian War: Between Justice and Political Reality. Cambridge University Press. pp. 268–286. ISBN 978-1-108-48780-1. OCLC 1122689764. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Kajjo 2020, p. 273; Tejel 2020, p. 261; O'Leary 2018; Bengio 2017, p. 79; Bengio 2014, p. 2: "Hence the terms: rojhalat (east, Iran), bashur (south, Iraq), bakur (north, Turkey), and rojava (west, Syria)." Kajjo, Sirwan (2020). "Syrian Kurds: Rising from the Ashes of Persecution". In Khen, Hilly Moodrick-Even; Boms, Nir T.; Ashraph, Sareta (eds.). The Syrian War: Between Justice and Political Reality. Cambridge University Press. pp. 268–286. ISBN 978-1-108-48780-1. OCLC 1122689764. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. ———— (2017). "Separated but Connected: The Synergic Effects in the Kurdistan Sub-System". In Stansfield, Gareth; Shareef, Mohammed (eds.). The Kurdish Question Revisited. Oxford University Press. pp. 77–92. ISBN 978-0-19-068718-2. OCLC 966557019. Bengio, Ofra (2014). "Introduction". In Bengio, Ofra (ed.). Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-75813-1. OCLC 880520947.
Maisel 2018, pp. xii–xiii; Phillips 2017, p. xvii. Maisel, Sebastian (2018). "Introduction". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. xi–xiv. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833.
Aydin 2018, p. 19; McDowall 2004, p. 8. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. McDowall, David (2004) [1996]. A Modern History of the Kurds (3rd ed.). I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-85043-416-6.
Neggaz & Majed 2020, pp. viii–ix; Aydin 2018, pp. 19–20. Neggaz, Nassima; Majed, Ziad (2020). "Foreword". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. v–xi. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Aydin 2018, p. 20; Bajalan 2018, p. 4. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Aydin 2018, p. 20. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Aydin 2018, p. 20; Bajalan 2018, p. 5; Lange 2018, p. 277. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Tejel 2020, p. 252; Aydin 2018, p. 20; Bajalan 2018, pp. 6–7; Lange 2018, p. 277; Allsopp 2016, p. 29; O'Leary 2018; Gunter 2014, p. 8. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Bajalan 2018, pp. 6–8; Lange 2018, p. 277. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Tejel 2020, p. 248. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Tejel 2020, pp. 252–253. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Aydin 2018, p. 21; Bajalan 2018, p. 15; Maisel 2018, p. xiii. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Maisel, Sebastian (2018). "Introduction". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. xi–xiv. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Kwarten 2020, pp. 237–238; Aydin 2018, p. 21; Bajalan 2018, pp. 16–17; Maisel 2018, p. xiii; Gunter 2014, p. 7. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Maisel, Sebastian (2018). "Introduction". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. xi–xiv. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Kwarten 2020, pp. 233–234; Aydin 2018, p. 21; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Gunter 2014, pp. 8–9. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Kwarten 2020, pp. 233–234, 237; Gunter 2014, p. 9. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Tejel 2020, p. 252. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Bulloch, John; Morris, Harvey (1992). No Friends But the Mountains: The Tragic History of the Kurds. Oxford University Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-19-508075-9. The British and the French made it clear from the outset that they were unwilling to surrender those parts of Iraqi and Syrian Kurdistan which fell under their control, and that an independent Kurdistan, if such an entity were to be created, would have to be in what was still Turkish territory.
Kwarten 2020, pp. 237–238; Bajalan 2018, pp. 16–17; Maisel 2018, p. xiii. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Maisel, Sebastian (2018). "Introduction". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. xi–xiv. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Kwarten 2020, p. 238; Tejel 2020, p. 252; Bajalan 2018, pp. 16–17. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Kwarten 2020, p. 237; Tejel 2020, p. 252; Aydin 2018, p. 21; Bajalan 2018, p. 17. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Kwarten 2020, p. 238; Aydin 2018, p. 21; Bajalan 2018, p. 17; Maisel 2018, p. xiii; Gunter 2014, p. 9. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Maisel, Sebastian (2018). "Introduction". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. xi–xiv. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Kwarten 2020, p. 238; Tejel 2020, pp. 251–252; Bajalan 2018, p. 17; Gunter 2014, p. 9. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Kwarten 2020, pp. 237–238: "South of the railway, Syrian Kurdistan was born as 'a waste product of the colonial division of the Middle East', as the German cultural anthropologist Thomas Schmidinger elegantly described it." Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462.
Tejel 2020, pp. 251–252. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Tejel 2020, pp. 252–253; Bajalan 2018, p. 17; O'Leary 2018; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Gunter 2014, p. 7. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Tejel 2020, p. 253. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Berberoglu 1999, p. 84: "Then, in the 1920s, the Bedirkhan brothers introduced the Latin alphabet, which became standard in Turkish and Syrian Kurdistan." Berberoglu, Berch (1999). Turmoil in the Middle East: Imperialism, War, and Political Instability. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-4412-2. OCLC 45729214.
Tejel 2020, p. 254. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Phillips 2017, p. 68; Tejel 2020, pp. 253–254. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Phillips 2017, p. 68; Tejel 2020, p. 254. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Kaya, Zeynep N. (2020). Mapping Kurdistan: Territory, Self-Determination and Nationalism. Cambridge University Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-108-47469-6.
Kwarten 2020, p. 238. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462.
Tejel 2009, p. 86. Tejel, Jordi (2009). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-42440-0.
Tejel 2009, p. 92. Tejel, Jordi (2009). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-42440-0.
Kwarten 2020, pp. 238–239; Maisel 2018, p. xiv; Allsopp 2016, p. 31; Gunter 2014, pp. 7–8. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. Maisel, Sebastian (2018). "Introduction". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. xi–xiv. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Kwarten 2020, p. 239; Allsopp 2016, p. 31. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614.
Kwarten 2020, p. 239. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462.
Kwarten 2020, p. 239; O'Leary 2018. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748.
Tejel 2020, p. 258. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Tejel 2009, pp. 93–95. Tejel, Jordi (2009). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-42440-0.
Kajjo 2020, p. 275. Kajjo, Sirwan (2020). "Syrian Kurds: Rising from the Ashes of Persecution". In Khen, Hilly Moodrick-Even; Boms, Nir T.; Ashraph, Sareta (eds.). The Syrian War: Between Justice and Political Reality. Cambridge University Press. pp. 268–286. ISBN 978-1-108-48780-1. OCLC 1122689764.
Tejel 2009, p. 93. Tejel, Jordi (2009). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-42440-0.
Allsopp & van Wilgenburg 2019, p. 28. Allsopp, Harriet; van Wilgenburg, Wladimir (2019). The Kurds of Northern Syria. Volume 2: Governance, Diversity and Conflicts. London; New York City; etc.: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-83860-445-5.
Tejel 2009, p. 123. Tejel, Jordi (2009). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-42440-0.
Kaya & Lowe 2017. Kaya, Zeynep; Lowe, Robert (2017). "The curious question of the PYD-PKK relationship" (PDF). In Stansfield, Gareth; Shareef, Mohammed (eds.). The Kurdish Question Revisited. Oxford University Press. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-0-19-068718-2. OCLC 966557019.
Lowe 2014. Lowe, Robert (2014). "The Emergence of Western Kurdistan and the Future of Syria". In Romano, David; Gurses, Mehmet (eds.). Conflict, Democratization, and the Kurds in the Middle East: Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 225–246. doi:10.1057/9781137409997_12. ISBN 978-1-137-40999-7. OCLC 880929490.
Allsopp & van Wilgenburg 2019, pp. 89, 151–152. Allsopp, Harriet; van Wilgenburg, Wladimir (2019). The Kurds of Northern Syria. Volume 2: Governance, Diversity and Conflicts. London; New York City; etc.: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-83860-445-5.
Tejel 2020, pp. 250–251: "Today, like in the early twentieth century, Greater Kurdistan remains largely a cultural abstract. The importance of Kurdistan thus lies not in its existence as a geographical region or as a geopolitical zone, but rather in its potential. Therefore, despite the divisions, despite its inadequacies, Kurdistan and the concept of Greater Kurdistan survive the reality as a powerful amalgam of myths, facts and ambitions (O'Shea 2004: 2)." ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Tejel 2020, p. 261; O'Leary 2018; Allsopp 2016, p. 29; Gunter 2014, p. 8. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Tejel 2009, p. 69. Tejel, Jordi (2009). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-42440-0.
Tejel 2009, p. 95. Tejel, Jordi (2009). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-42440-0.
Kreyenbroek 2006, p. 445; Vanly 1992, pp. 115–116. Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (2006). "Kurds". In Meri, Josef W.; Bacharach, Jere L. (eds.). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Volume 1: A - K. Routledge. p. 445. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7. OCLC 59360024. Vanly, Ismet Chériff (1992). "The Kurds in Syria and Lebanon". In Philip G. Kreyenbroek; Stefan Sperl (eds.). The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview. New York City, London: Routledge. pp. 112–134. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
Tejel 2009, pp. 27–28. Tejel, Jordi (2009). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-42440-0.
Matthieu Cimino (13 June 2020). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Springer Nature. p. 19. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6.
Lange 2018, p. 75; Allsopp 2016, p. 29. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614.
Lange 2018, p. 275; O'Leary 2018; Allsopp 2016, p. 29. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614.
Vanly 1992, p. 116: "To the east of Kurd-Dagh and separated from it by the Afrin valley lies the western and mountainous part of the Syrian district of Azaz which is also inhabited by Kurds, and a Kurdish minority lives in the northern counties of Idlib and Jerablos. There is reason to believe that the establishment of Kurds in these areas, a defensive site commanding the path to Antioch, goes back to the Seleucid era." Vanly, Ismet Chériff (1992). "The Kurds in Syria and Lebanon". In Philip G. Kreyenbroek; Stefan Sperl (eds.). The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview. New York City, London: Routledge. pp. 112–134. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
Kreyenbroek 2006, p. 445. Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (2006). "Kurds". In Meri, Josef W.; Bacharach, Jere L. (eds.). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Volume 1: A - K. Routledge. p. 445. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7. OCLC 59360024.
Tejel 2009, pp. 9–10. Tejel, Jordi (2009). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-42440-0.
Bat Yeʼor (2002). Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-8386-3942-9.
Dawn Chatty (2010). Displacement and Dispossession in the Modern Middle East. Cambridge University Press. pp. 230–232. ISBN 978-1-139-48693-4.
Simpson, John Hope (1939). The Refugee Problem: Report of a Survey (First ed.). London: Oxford University Press. p. 458. ASIN B0006AOLOA.
Tejel 2009, p. 144. Tejel, Jordi (2009). Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-42440-0.
Allsopp & van Wilgenburg 2019, p. 27. Allsopp, Harriet; van Wilgenburg, Wladimir (2019). The Kurds of Northern Syria. Volume 2: Governance, Diversity and Conflicts. London; New York City; etc.: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-83860-445-5.
Allsopp & van Wilgenburg 2019, pp. 7–16. Allsopp, Harriet; van Wilgenburg, Wladimir (2019). The Kurds of Northern Syria. Volume 2: Governance, Diversity and Conflicts. London; New York City; etc.: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-83860-445-5.
Bruinessen, Martin van (1978). Agha, Shaikh and State: On the Social and Political Organization of Kurdistan. University of Utrecht. p. 22. I shall refer to these parts as Turkish, Persian, Iraqi, and Syrian Kurdistan. ... Most sources agree that there are approximately half a million Kurds in Syria.
Chaliand, Gérard, ed. (1993) [1978]. Les Kurdes et le Kurdistan [A People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan]. Translated by Pallis, Michael. London: Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-85649-194-5. Are these three regions - Kurd-Dagh, Ain-Arab, and Northern Jezireh - part of Kurdistan? Do they form a Syrian Kurdistan, or are they merely region of Syria which happen to be populated with Kurds? The important thing is that 10% of Syria's population are Kurds who live in their own way in well-defined areas in the north of the country. Syrian Kurdistan has thus become a broken up territory and we would do better to talk about the Kurdish regions of Syria. What matters is that these people are being denied their legitimate right to have their own national and cultural identity.
Aydin 2018, p. 23. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Allsopp 2016, p. 29. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614.
Aydin 2018, p. 23; Allsopp 2016, p. 29. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614.
van Bruinessen 1992, p. 15: "The plains of Iraqi and Syrian Kurdistan are the granaries of Iraq and Syria, respectively." van Bruinessen, Martin (1992). Agha, Shaikh, and State: The Social and Political Structures of Kurdistan. Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-85649-018-4.

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Kajjo 2020, pp. 279, 284; Tejel 2020, pp. 251–252, 259; Lange 2018, pp. 275–276, 285; O'Leary 2018; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Allsopp 2016, p. 29; Gunter 2014, p. 8. Kajjo, Sirwan (2020). "Syrian Kurds: Rising from the Ashes of Persecution". In Khen, Hilly Moodrick-Even; Boms, Nir T.; Ashraph, Sareta (eds.). The Syrian War: Between Justice and Political Reality. Cambridge University Press. pp. 268–286. ISBN 978-1-108-48780-1. OCLC 1122689764. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Kajjo 2020, p. 273; Tejel 2020, p. 261; O'Leary 2018; Bengio 2017, p. 79; Bengio 2014, p. 2: "Hence the terms: rojhalat (east, Iran), bashur (south, Iraq), bakur (north, Turkey), and rojava (west, Syria)." Kajjo, Sirwan (2020). "Syrian Kurds: Rising from the Ashes of Persecution". In Khen, Hilly Moodrick-Even; Boms, Nir T.; Ashraph, Sareta (eds.). The Syrian War: Between Justice and Political Reality. Cambridge University Press. pp. 268–286. ISBN 978-1-108-48780-1. OCLC 1122689764. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. ———— (2017). "Separated but Connected: The Synergic Effects in the Kurdistan Sub-System". In Stansfield, Gareth; Shareef, Mohammed (eds.). The Kurdish Question Revisited. Oxford University Press. pp. 77–92. ISBN 978-0-19-068718-2. OCLC 966557019. Bengio, Ofra (2014). "Introduction". In Bengio, Ofra (ed.). Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-75813-1. OCLC 880520947.
Tejel 2020, p. 252; Aydin 2018, p. 20; Bajalan 2018, pp. 6–7; Lange 2018, p. 277; Allsopp 2016, p. 29; O'Leary 2018; Gunter 2014, p. 8. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Tejel 2020, p. 248. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Tejel 2020, pp. 252–253. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Tejel 2020, p. 252. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Kwarten 2020, p. 238; Tejel 2020, p. 252; Bajalan 2018, pp. 16–17. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Kwarten 2020, p. 237; Tejel 2020, p. 252; Aydin 2018, p. 21; Bajalan 2018, p. 17. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Kwarten 2020, p. 238; Tejel 2020, pp. 251–252; Bajalan 2018, p. 17; Gunter 2014, p. 9. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Schmidinger, Thomas (2018-06-20). Rojava: Revolution, War and the Future of Syria's Kurds. Translated by Schiffmann, Michael. Pluto Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv1qv2bm. ISBN 978-1-78680-254-5. JSTOR j.ctv1qv2bm.
Glioti, Andrea (2019-09-04). "Review of Thomas Schmidinger, Rojava: Revolution, War, and the Future of Syria's Kurds". New Middle Eastern Studies. 9 (2). doi:10.29311/nmes.v9i2.3247. ISSN 2051-0861.
Tejel 2020, pp. 251–252. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Tejel 2020, pp. 252–253; Bajalan 2018, p. 17; O'Leary 2018; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Gunter 2014, p. 7. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Tejel 2020, p. 253. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Tejel 2020, p. 254. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Phillips 2017, p. 68; Tejel 2020, pp. 253–254. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Phillips 2017, p. 68; Tejel 2020, p. 254. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Kwarten 2020, p. 239; O'Leary 2018. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748.
Tejel 2020, p. 258. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Lowe 2014. Lowe, Robert (2014). "The Emergence of Western Kurdistan and the Future of Syria". In Romano, David; Gurses, Mehmet (eds.). Conflict, Democratization, and the Kurds in the Middle East: Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 225–246. doi:10.1057/9781137409997_12. ISBN 978-1-137-40999-7. OCLC 880929490.
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Tejel 2020, pp. 250–251: "Today, like in the early twentieth century, Greater Kurdistan remains largely a cultural abstract. The importance of Kurdistan thus lies not in its existence as a geographical region or as a geopolitical zone, but rather in its potential. Therefore, despite the divisions, despite its inadequacies, Kurdistan and the concept of Greater Kurdistan survive the reality as a powerful amalgam of myths, facts and ambitions (O'Shea 2004: 2)." ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
O'Leary 2018; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Gunter 2014, p. 8. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Tejel 2020, p. 261; O'Leary 2018; Allsopp 2016, p. 29; Gunter 2014, p. 8. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Lange 2018, p. 275; O'Leary 2018; Allsopp 2016, p. 29. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614.

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Schmidinger, Thomas (2018-06-20). Rojava: Revolution, War and the Future of Syria's Kurds. Translated by Schiffmann, Michael. Pluto Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv1qv2bm. ISBN 978-1-78680-254-5. JSTOR j.ctv1qv2bm.

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"Flight of Icarus? The PYD's Precarious Rise in Syria" (PDF). International Crisis Group: Middle East Report N°151. 8 May 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2020. : "The Middle East's present-day borders stem largely from the 1916 Sykes-Picot agreement between France and the UK. Deprived of a state of their own, Kurds found themselves living in four different countries, Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran. The term 'rojava' ('west' in Kurdish) refers to the western area of 'Kurdistan'; today in practice it includes non-contiguous Kurdish-populated areas of northern Syria where the PYD proclaimed a transitional administration in November 2013.".

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Glioti, Andrea (2019-09-04). "Review of Thomas Schmidinger, Rojava: Revolution, War, and the Future of Syria's Kurds". New Middle Eastern Studies. 9 (2). doi:10.29311/nmes.v9i2.3247. ISSN 2051-0861.

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Kajjo 2020, pp. 279, 284; Tejel 2020, pp. 251–252, 259; Lange 2018, pp. 275–276, 285; O'Leary 2018; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Allsopp 2016, p. 29; Gunter 2014, p. 8. Kajjo, Sirwan (2020). "Syrian Kurds: Rising from the Ashes of Persecution". In Khen, Hilly Moodrick-Even; Boms, Nir T.; Ashraph, Sareta (eds.). The Syrian War: Between Justice and Political Reality. Cambridge University Press. pp. 268–286. ISBN 978-1-108-48780-1. OCLC 1122689764. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Kajjo 2020, p. 273; Tejel 2020, p. 261; O'Leary 2018; Bengio 2017, p. 79; Bengio 2014, p. 2: "Hence the terms: rojhalat (east, Iran), bashur (south, Iraq), bakur (north, Turkey), and rojava (west, Syria)." Kajjo, Sirwan (2020). "Syrian Kurds: Rising from the Ashes of Persecution". In Khen, Hilly Moodrick-Even; Boms, Nir T.; Ashraph, Sareta (eds.). The Syrian War: Between Justice and Political Reality. Cambridge University Press. pp. 268–286. ISBN 978-1-108-48780-1. OCLC 1122689764. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. ———— (2017). "Separated but Connected: The Synergic Effects in the Kurdistan Sub-System". In Stansfield, Gareth; Shareef, Mohammed (eds.). The Kurdish Question Revisited. Oxford University Press. pp. 77–92. ISBN 978-0-19-068718-2. OCLC 966557019. Bengio, Ofra (2014). "Introduction". In Bengio, Ofra (ed.). Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-75813-1. OCLC 880520947.
Tejel 2020, p. 252; Aydin 2018, p. 20; Bajalan 2018, pp. 6–7; Lange 2018, p. 277; Allsopp 2016, p. 29; O'Leary 2018; Gunter 2014, p. 8. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Tejel 2020, pp. 252–253; Bajalan 2018, p. 17; O'Leary 2018; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Gunter 2014, p. 7. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Kwarten 2020, p. 239; O'Leary 2018. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748.
O'Leary 2018; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Gunter 2014, p. 8. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Tejel 2020, p. 261; O'Leary 2018; Allsopp 2016, p. 29; Gunter 2014, p. 8. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Lange 2018, p. 275; O'Leary 2018; Allsopp 2016, p. 29. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614.

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Kajjo 2020, pp. 279, 284; Tejel 2020, pp. 251–252, 259; Lange 2018, pp. 275–276, 285; O'Leary 2018; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Allsopp 2016, p. 29; Gunter 2014, p. 8. Kajjo, Sirwan (2020). "Syrian Kurds: Rising from the Ashes of Persecution". In Khen, Hilly Moodrick-Even; Boms, Nir T.; Ashraph, Sareta (eds.). The Syrian War: Between Justice and Political Reality. Cambridge University Press. pp. 268–286. ISBN 978-1-108-48780-1. OCLC 1122689764. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Kajjo 2020, p. 273; Tejel 2020, p. 261; O'Leary 2018; Bengio 2017, p. 79; Bengio 2014, p. 2: "Hence the terms: rojhalat (east, Iran), bashur (south, Iraq), bakur (north, Turkey), and rojava (west, Syria)." Kajjo, Sirwan (2020). "Syrian Kurds: Rising from the Ashes of Persecution". In Khen, Hilly Moodrick-Even; Boms, Nir T.; Ashraph, Sareta (eds.). The Syrian War: Between Justice and Political Reality. Cambridge University Press. pp. 268–286. ISBN 978-1-108-48780-1. OCLC 1122689764. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. ———— (2017). "Separated but Connected: The Synergic Effects in the Kurdistan Sub-System". In Stansfield, Gareth; Shareef, Mohammed (eds.). The Kurdish Question Revisited. Oxford University Press. pp. 77–92. ISBN 978-0-19-068718-2. OCLC 966557019. Bengio, Ofra (2014). "Introduction". In Bengio, Ofra (ed.). Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-75813-1. OCLC 880520947.
Tejel 2020, p. 252; Aydin 2018, p. 20; Bajalan 2018, pp. 6–7; Lange 2018, p. 277; Allsopp 2016, p. 29; O'Leary 2018; Gunter 2014, p. 8. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Tejel 2020, p. 248. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Tejel 2020, pp. 252–253. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Tejel 2020, p. 252. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Kwarten 2020, p. 238; Tejel 2020, p. 252; Bajalan 2018, pp. 16–17. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Kwarten 2020, p. 237; Tejel 2020, p. 252; Aydin 2018, p. 21; Bajalan 2018, p. 17. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Kwarten 2020, p. 238; Tejel 2020, pp. 251–252; Bajalan 2018, p. 17; Gunter 2014, p. 9. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Tejel 2020, pp. 251–252. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Tejel 2020, pp. 252–253; Bajalan 2018, p. 17; O'Leary 2018; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Gunter 2014, p. 7. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Tejel 2020, p. 253. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Tejel 2020, p. 254. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Phillips 2017, p. 68; Tejel 2020, pp. 253–254. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Phillips 2017, p. 68; Tejel 2020, p. 254. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Kwarten 2020, p. 239; O'Leary 2018. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748.
Tejel 2020, p. 258. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Radpey, Loqman (September 19, 2016). "Kurdish Regional Self-rule Administration in Syria: A new Model of Statehood and its Status in International Law Compared to the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in Iraq". Japanese Journal of Political Science. 17 (3): 468–488. doi:10.1017/S1468109916000190. S2CID 157648628.
Tejel 2020, pp. 250–251: "Today, like in the early twentieth century, Greater Kurdistan remains largely a cultural abstract. The importance of Kurdistan thus lies not in its existence as a geographical region or as a geopolitical zone, but rather in its potential. Therefore, despite the divisions, despite its inadequacies, Kurdistan and the concept of Greater Kurdistan survive the reality as a powerful amalgam of myths, facts and ambitions (O'Shea 2004: 2)." ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
O'Leary 2018; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Gunter 2014, p. 8. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Tejel 2020, p. 261; O'Leary 2018; Allsopp 2016, p. 29; Gunter 2014, p. 8. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Lange 2018, p. 275; O'Leary 2018; Allsopp 2016, p. 29. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614.

worldcat.org

Kajjo 2020, pp. 279, 284; Tejel 2020, pp. 251–252, 259; Lange 2018, pp. 275–276, 285; O'Leary 2018; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Allsopp 2016, p. 29; Gunter 2014, p. 8. Kajjo, Sirwan (2020). "Syrian Kurds: Rising from the Ashes of Persecution". In Khen, Hilly Moodrick-Even; Boms, Nir T.; Ashraph, Sareta (eds.). The Syrian War: Between Justice and Political Reality. Cambridge University Press. pp. 268–286. ISBN 978-1-108-48780-1. OCLC 1122689764. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Kajjo 2020, p. 273; Tejel 2020, p. 261; O'Leary 2018; Bengio 2017, p. 79; Bengio 2014, p. 2: "Hence the terms: rojhalat (east, Iran), bashur (south, Iraq), bakur (north, Turkey), and rojava (west, Syria)." Kajjo, Sirwan (2020). "Syrian Kurds: Rising from the Ashes of Persecution". In Khen, Hilly Moodrick-Even; Boms, Nir T.; Ashraph, Sareta (eds.). The Syrian War: Between Justice and Political Reality. Cambridge University Press. pp. 268–286. ISBN 978-1-108-48780-1. OCLC 1122689764. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. ———— (2017). "Separated but Connected: The Synergic Effects in the Kurdistan Sub-System". In Stansfield, Gareth; Shareef, Mohammed (eds.). The Kurdish Question Revisited. Oxford University Press. pp. 77–92. ISBN 978-0-19-068718-2. OCLC 966557019. Bengio, Ofra (2014). "Introduction". In Bengio, Ofra (ed.). Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-75813-1. OCLC 880520947.
Maisel 2018, pp. xii–xiii; Phillips 2017, p. xvii. Maisel, Sebastian (2018). "Introduction". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. xi–xiv. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833.
Aydin 2018, p. 19; McDowall 2004, p. 8. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. McDowall, David (2004) [1996]. A Modern History of the Kurds (3rd ed.). I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-85043-416-6.
Neggaz & Majed 2020, pp. viii–ix; Aydin 2018, pp. 19–20. Neggaz, Nassima; Majed, Ziad (2020). "Foreword". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. v–xi. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Aydin 2018, p. 20; Bajalan 2018, p. 4. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Aydin 2018, p. 20. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Lange 2018, p. 277; Gunter 2014, p. 8. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Aydin 2018, p. 20; Bajalan 2018, p. 5; Lange 2018, p. 277. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Tejel 2020, p. 252; Aydin 2018, p. 20; Bajalan 2018, pp. 6–7; Lange 2018, p. 277; Allsopp 2016, p. 29; O'Leary 2018; Gunter 2014, p. 8. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Bajalan 2018, pp. 6–8; Lange 2018, p. 277. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Lange, Katharina (2018). "Syria". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 275–287. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Tejel 2020, p. 248. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Tejel 2020, pp. 252–253. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
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Kwarten 2020, pp. 237–238; Aydin 2018, p. 21; Bajalan 2018, pp. 16–17; Maisel 2018, p. xiii; Gunter 2014, p. 7. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Maisel, Sebastian (2018). "Introduction". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. xi–xiv. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Kwarten 2020, pp. 233–234; Aydin 2018, p. 21; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Gunter 2014, pp. 8–9. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Kwarten 2020, pp. 233–234, 237; Gunter 2014, p. 9. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
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Kwarten 2020, pp. 237–238; Bajalan 2018, pp. 16–17; Maisel 2018, p. xiii. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Maisel, Sebastian (2018). "Introduction". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. xi–xiv. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Kwarten 2020, p. 238; Tejel 2020, p. 252; Bajalan 2018, pp. 16–17. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Kwarten 2020, p. 237; Tejel 2020, p. 252; Aydin 2018, p. 21; Bajalan 2018, p. 17. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153.
Kwarten 2020, p. 238; Aydin 2018, p. 21; Bajalan 2018, p. 17; Maisel 2018, p. xiii; Gunter 2014, p. 9. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. Aydin, Selcuk (2018). "Geography". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 19–30. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Maisel, Sebastian (2018). "Introduction". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. xi–xiv. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Kwarten 2020, p. 238; Tejel 2020, pp. 251–252; Bajalan 2018, p. 17; Gunter 2014, p. 9. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Gunter 2014, p. 9. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
Kwarten 2020, pp. 237–238: "South of the railway, Syrian Kurdistan was born as 'a waste product of the colonial division of the Middle East', as the German cultural anthropologist Thomas Schmidinger elegantly described it." Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462.
Glioti, Andrea (2019-09-04). "Review of Thomas Schmidinger, Rojava: Revolution, War, and the Future of Syria's Kurds". New Middle Eastern Studies. 9 (2). doi:10.29311/nmes.v9i2.3247. ISSN 2051-0861.
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Tejel 2020, pp. 252–253; Bajalan 2018, p. 17; O'Leary 2018; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Gunter 2014, p. 7. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950. Bajalan, Djene Rhys (2018). "Origins and History". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. 3–18. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
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Berberoglu 1999, p. 84: "Then, in the 1920s, the Bedirkhan brothers introduced the Latin alphabet, which became standard in Turkish and Syrian Kurdistan." Berberoglu, Berch (1999). Turmoil in the Middle East: Imperialism, War, and Political Instability. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-4412-2. OCLC 45729214.
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Phillips 2017, p. 68; Tejel 2020, pp. 253–254. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
Phillips 2017, p. 68. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833.
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Kwarten 2020, p. 238. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462.
Kwarten 2020, pp. 238–239; Maisel 2018, p. xiv; Allsopp 2016, p. 31; Gunter 2014, pp. 7–8. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. Maisel, Sebastian (2018). "Introduction". In Maisel, Sebastian (ed.). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-Clio. pp. xi–xiv. ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3. OCLC 1031040153. Allsopp, Harriet (2016) [2014]. The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-644-5. OCLC 1021173614. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
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Kennedy, J. Michael (2012-04-18). "Kurds Remain on the Sideline of Syria's Uprising (Published 2012)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
Kwarten 2020, p. 239. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462.
Kwarten 2020, p. 239; O'Leary 2018. Kwarten, Leo (2020) [2019]. "Redrawing the Lines in the Sand? Quests for Decentralisation, Regional Autonomy and Independence Among Syrian Kurds and South Yemeni Separatists". In Gervais, Victor; van Genugten, Saskia (eds.). Stabilising the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: Regional Actors and New Approaches. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-030-25229-8. OCLC 1119665462. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748.
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Kajjo 2020, p. 275. Kajjo, Sirwan (2020). "Syrian Kurds: Rising from the Ashes of Persecution". In Khen, Hilly Moodrick-Even; Boms, Nir T.; Ashraph, Sareta (eds.). The Syrian War: Between Justice and Political Reality. Cambridge University Press. pp. 268–286. ISBN 978-1-108-48780-1. OCLC 1122689764.
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Tejel 2020, pp. 250–251: "Today, like in the early twentieth century, Greater Kurdistan remains largely a cultural abstract. The importance of Kurdistan thus lies not in its existence as a geographical region or as a geopolitical zone, but rather in its potential. Therefore, despite the divisions, despite its inadequacies, Kurdistan and the concept of Greater Kurdistan survive the reality as a powerful amalgam of myths, facts and ambitions (O'Shea 2004: 2)." ———— (2020). "The Complex and Dynamic Relationship of Syria's Kurds with Syrian Borders: Continuities and Changes". In Cimino, Matthieu (ed.). Syria: Borders, Boundaries, and the State. Mobility & Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 243–267. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44877-6_11. ISBN 978-3-030-44877-6. OCLC 1159172679. S2CID 226595950.
O'Leary 2018; Phillips 2017, p. 67; Gunter 2014, p. 8. O'Leary, Brendan (January 2018). "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great Powers" (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 80 (1): 353–366. doi:10.1086/695343. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 204416748. Phillips, David L. (2017) [2015]. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-48037-6. OCLC 1001946833. Gunter, Michael M. (2014). Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1-84904-435-6. OCLC 894764541.
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Mohamed Al Hussein (21 February 2020). "Map of proposed Syrian Kurdistan provoke questions". zamanalwsl. Retrieved 12 September 2020.