Syrian National Army (English Wikipedia)

Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (21 November 2019). "The Structure of the Syrian National Army". Retrieved 3 May 2020.
Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (5 November 2019). "Division 20: Interview". Retrieved 10 November 2019.
Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (8 November 2019). "The Men of War Brigade: Interview". Retrieved 10 November 2019.

baladi-news.com

"The formation of "the people of homes" Brive Aleppo to expel "intentionally"". Baladi News Network. 6 June 2017. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
"Factions of the Free Army announce their joining of the Raqqa Military Council". Baladi News Network. 18 April 2018.^{[permanent dead link]}
""كتائب المجد" فصيل جديد تابع للجيش الحر في حلب". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2018.

bbc.co.uk

"Syria war: Turkey-backed forces oust Kurds from heart of Afrin". BBC. Archived from the original on 18 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.

bbc.com

"Syria war: Turkish-led forces oust Kurdish fighters from heart of Afrin". BBC. 18 March 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
"Afrin: Turkish forces 'encircle' Syrian Kurdish city - BBC News". BBC News. 13 March 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
"Turkey-backed forces capture Syrian border town". BBC News.

bellingcat.com

"Syrian Opposition Factions in the Syrian Civil War". bellingcat. 13 August 2016.

carnegieendowment.org

"Turkey's Gradual Efforts to Professionalize Syrian Allies". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 21 March 2022.

chicagotribune.com

DEEB, LEFTERIS PITARAKIS and SARAH EL (9 October 2019). "Turkey begins bombing and shelling Kurdish fighters after American soldiers pull back; Trump calls operation 'bad idea'". chicagotribune.com.

clingendael.org

"Key characteristics of Turkish use of Syrian armed proxies | Strategies of Turkish proxy warfare in northern Syria". www.clingendael.org.

cnn.com

edition.cnn.com

"Kurdish politician and 10 others killed by 'Turkish-backed militia' in Syria, SDF claims". CNN. 13 October 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
"Kurdish politician and 10 others killed by 'Turkish-backed militia' in Syria, SDF claims". CNN. 13 October 2019.

cumhuriyet.com.tr

"FSA troops in border clash". Cumhuriyet. 14 November 2016.

dailysabah.com

"Syrian opposition forces unite under defense ministry, head of interim gov't says". Daily Sabah. 4 October 2019.
"Syrian National Army thwarts infiltration attempt by Assad regime, Russia". Daily Sabah. Anadolu Agency. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
"Turkey-backed FSA captures strategic hills overlooking al-Bab from Daesh, clashes resume for the town's full control". Daily Sabah. 8 February 2017. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
Öcal, Hakki (26 February 2017). "Readdressing the creation of buffer zones in Syria". Daily Sabah. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.

doi.org

Hughes, Geraint Alun (4 May 2014). "Syria and the perils of proxy warfare". Small Wars & Insurgencies. 25 (3): 522–538. doi:10.1080/09592318.2014.913542. S2CID 144140952 – via Taylor and Francis+NEJM.

dw.com

Sanders IV, Lewis; Salameh, Khaled (30 September 2020). "Syrian mercenaries sustain Turkey's foreign policy". DW. Retrieved 1 July 2024.

eldorar.com

الشامية, محرر الدرر (15 August 2018). ""الجبهة الوطنية للتحرير" تتوسّع بانضمام فصيل عسكري جديد". الدرر الشامية (in Arabic).
"Dissident officers launch the initiative of the "Syrian army united" .. These details (video)". El-Dorar al-Shamia. 25 July 2017. Archived from the original on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
"A six-item agreement to end the fighting between Ahrar al-Sharqiya and Hamzah in Afrin". El-Dorar al-Shamia. 25 March 2018.

en.eldorar.com

"Formation of a unified military council to liberate Deir al-Zour". en.eldorar.com.^{[permanent dead link]}
"A new military formation of the people of Al-Hasakah to fight the PYD in Aleppo countryside". en.eldorar.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2017.

enabbaladi.net

english.enabbaladi.net

""National Army" Restructured Having Merged With "National Front for Liberation"". Enab Baladi. 5 October 2019.

france24.com

"Pro-Turkey Syria mercenaries head to Niger to earn cash". France24. 16 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
"Syrian rebel and regime forces now fight in Libya". France 24. 19 May 2020.

gettyimages.dk

"SNA troops cross Ceylanpinar from Ras al-Ayn". Anadolu Agency, Getty Images. 23 October 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2020.

haaretz.com

Bar'el, Zvi (26 November 2016). "The Free Syrian Army follows orders from Turkey". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2017.

hawarnews.com

en.hawarnews.com

Hogir Nejjae (24 January 2018). "Kurdish National Council participates in aggression against Afrin". Hawar News Agency. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
"Another mercenary gang in al-Shahba formed". Hawar News Agency. 29 July 2017. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2017.

human-voice.co

الخطيب, حسام (11 September 2018). "المعارضة المعتدلة.. القوة الأساسية في إدلب". هيومن فويس | عين على الحقيقة. Archived from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2019.

hurriyetdailynews.com

"US Special Forces join Turkish troops in northern Syria - MIDEAST". 18 September 2016. Archived from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
Aydin, Mustafa (23 February 2017). "The logjam in Syria and Iraq". Hürriyet Daily News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
"Turkish military: Al-Bab fully taken from ISIL". Hürriyet Daily News. 24 February 2017. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
Uğur Ergan (15 June 2017). "Turkey confirms internal fight in Free Syrian Army". Hürriyet Daily News. Archived from the original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2017.

ibtimes.com

Banco, Erin (14 March 2015). "Four Years Later, The Free Syrian Army Has Collapsed". International Business Times. Retrieved 21 March 2022.

independent.co.uk

Bethan McKernan Beirut. "Afrin latest: Turkey deploys special forces for 'new phase of battle' as Kurdish leader arrested in Prague". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018.

jamestown.org

"The Syrian National Army and the Future of Turkey's Frontier Land Force". Jamestown. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
"The Syrian National Army and the Future of Turkey's Frontier Land Force". Jamestown. 10 February 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2024.

jesrpress.com

"Tel White: Correspondent bridge monitors violations against civilians by "national factions"". Jesr Press. 18 October 2019. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.

jpost.com

"Is Turkey planning to recruit Syrians to fight Armenia?". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 26 September 2020.

komnews.com

"Syrian tribal leaders backed by Turkey, Qatar, Saudi Arabia found new army". Kom News. 15 March 2017. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2017.

komnews.org

"470 FSA fighters killed in Euphrates Shield Operation". Kom News. 17 February 2017. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.

kuna.net.kw

"Turkish special forces head to Afrin". Kuwait News Agency. 23 January 2018. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.

kurdistan24.net

"25 killed in infighting among Turkey-backed Syrian opposition groups in Afrin". kurdistan24. 18 November 2018.

mei.edu

Ömer Özkizilcik (1 July 2019). "A way out for Russia and Turkey from Idlib's spiral of violence". Middle East Institute.

middleeasteye.net

Ragip Soylu; Harun al-Aswad (27 December 2019). "Turkey to send Syrian rebel fighters to battle Haftar in Libya". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
"Syrian rebels meet in Qatar after declaring unified 'national army'". No. 7 September 2017. Middle East Eye. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
Ragip Soylu, Harun al-Aswad (4 October 2019). "Syrian rebel groups merge as Turkish offensive looms". Middle East Eye.
Suraj Sharma (16 February 2018). "Turkey sends 'Kurdish Falcon' force to Afrin to counter anti-Kurd image". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
Lars Hauch (5 July 2017). "Syria war: Turkey 'disbands rebel battalion' as alliances collapse". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.

middleeastmonitor.com

"Syria opposition recapture Jabal Al-Zawiya in Idlib". Middle East Monitor. 3 March 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.

militarytimes.com

Times, Military (24 August 2016). "Turkish tanks and spec ops attack Islamic State forces in Syria". Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2017.

nedaa-sy.com

""Syrian National Army" establishes 2 operating rooms to reinforce Idlib and Aleppo fronts to repel the Russian aggression (photos and videos)". Nedaa Syria. 31 January 2020. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
"جيش الشرقية يلتحق بـ "غصن الزيتون" ويدعو إلى الالتزام بأخلاقيات الحرب والأعراف الدولية". 8 February 2017. Archived from the original on 15 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
"Fourth Corps of the Syrian National Army in Homs countryside". Nedaa Syria. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2018.

nytimes.com

Hubbard, Ben; Shoumali, Karam; Gall, Carlotta; Kingsley, Patrick (12 October 2019). "Syrian Arab Fighters Backed by Turkey Kill Two Kurdish Prisoners". The New York Times.

qasioun-news.com

""Ahrar Alsharqiya" sends reinforcements to Idlib and Hama countryside's fronts (Video)". www.qasioun-news.com. Retrieved 17 August 2019.^{[permanent dead link]}

qasioun.net

"Deir al-Zour military council to join the bloc Sultan Murad north of Aleppo". Qasioun News Agency. 17 July 2017. Archived from the original on 20 July 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
"Brigade North are free to announce joining the Sham Corps". Qasioun News Agency. 16 June 2017. Archived from the original on 19 June 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
"Ahrar Al-Sham Denies Burning The Syrian Revolution Flag By Its Fighters In Azaz". Qasioun. 27 September 2016. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.

reuters.com

"Turkey deploying Syrian fighters to help ally Azerbaijan, two fighters say". Reuters. 28 September 2020 – via www.reuters.com.
Khalil Ashawi (13 August 2018). "Syrian rebels build an army with Turkish help, face challenges". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
"Exclusive: Turkey boosts arms to Syrian rebels as Idlib attack looms - rebel sources". Reuters. 12 September 2018.
Suleiman Al-Khalidi (26 May 2019). "Turkey sends weapons to Syrian rebels facing Russian-backed assault: Syrian sources". Reuters.
"Turkey tells Syria's Assad: Step down!". Reuters. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
Coskun, Orhan; Sezer, Seda (19 September 2016). "Turkey-backed rebels could push further south in Syria, Erdogan says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
"FSA commander says 25,000 Syrian rebels back Turkish force in Syria". Reuters. 21 January 2018.
Suleiman Al-Khalidi (21 January 2018). "FSA Commander Says 25,000 Syrian Rebels Back Turkish Force in Syria". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
Ashawi, Khalil; Barrington, Lisa; King, Larry. "Hundreds of police trained by Turkey start work in northern Syria". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 January 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
"Turkey-Backed Free Syrian Army Takes Control of Jarablus". Reuters. 26 August 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
Barrington, Lisa (29 August 2016). "Turkish forces deepen push into Syria, draw U.S. rebuke over their..." Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
"SDF-backed fighters in Jarablus say retreating south as Turkey pushes into Syria". Reuters. 29 August 2016. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
"Syrian government makes Ghouta gains; Turkey steps up Afrin attack". Reuters. 3 March 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
"Turkey not resuming military operation in northeast Syria: security source". Reuters. 25 November 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
"Syrian rebels battle each other north of Aleppo". Reuters. 14 November 2016. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN2662PA/ ^{[bare URL]}

lta.reuters.com

"Russia says Turkey helps 'jihadis, mercenaries' to penetrate Syria". 15 February 2016. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020 – via lta.reuters.com.

uk.reuters.com

"Turkish-led rebels attack IS posts inside al-Bab city – rebels". Reuters. 9 February 2017. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.

rfsmediaoffice.com

"Clashes break out in Ghouta of Damascus and in Dar'a; Al-Sham Legion forms Al-Shamal Brigade in Aleppo". Revolutionary Forces of Syria Media Office. 30 January 2016.^{[permanent dead link]}
Ahmad Zakariya (2 April 2016). "After the recent merger of FSA factions, commander of FSA's Al-Safwa Battalions explains: unity has become a necessity". Revolutionary Forces of Syria Media Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
"Commander of the FSA's Jaish Al-Thani : Our objective is to form a unified national army to ensure safety in all Syrian territory – Revolutionary Forces of Syria media office". 23 June 2017. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2017.

rudaw.net

"Syrian rebels captured by YPG confess to torturing Kurdish fighters". Rudaw Media Network. 1 September 2016. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Hughes, Geraint Alun (4 May 2014). "Syria and the perils of proxy warfare". Small Wars & Insurgencies. 25 (3): 522–538. doi:10.1080/09592318.2014.913542. S2CID 144140952 – via Taylor and Francis+NEJM.

setav.org

"Analysis: Uniting the Syrian Opposition - The Components of the National Army and the Implications of the Unification" (PDF). SETA. October 2019.

smartnews-agency.com

"Syrian National Army sends reinforcements to confront HTS in Western Aleppo, according to military commander of National Army". SMART News Agency. 2 January 2019. Archived from the original on 27 October 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
""لواء الفتح" يعلن انضمامه لـ"الجبهة الشامية" في حلب" [The "Fatah Brigade" announces that it joins the Levant Front in Aleppo]. SMART News Agency. 8 March 2017. Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
"Dozens of fighters form the brigade of northern Aleppo and declare joining the "National Front"". SMART News Agency. 14 August 2018. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
"Fighting between factions of the "free" in the village north of Aleppo due to mutual accusations of "corruption"". SMART News Agency. 13 April 2017. Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
Raed Borhan (27 January 2019). "National Army fighters torture doctor in Afrin". SMART News Agency. Archived from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2019.

state.gov

"2023 Trafficking in Persons Report: Libya". Archived from the original on 13 September 2023.

stepagency-sy.net

"وكالة ستيب الإخبارية | الحقيقة والحق يقال". وكالة ستيب الإخبارية.
"The assassination of a leader of Ahrar al-Sham north of Idlib, and the last escape of the west of Hama". STEP News Agency. 2 February 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2019.

stj-sy.org

z.ujayli (20 April 2021). "The Auxiliary Forces Formed to Boost Turkey's Military Presence in Idlib". Syrians for Truth and Justice. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
"The Auxiliary Forces Formed to Boost Turkey's Military Presence in Idlib". 20 April 2021.

syriadirect.org

Walid Al Nofal (15 October 2019). "The Syrian National Army: For the Syrian revolution or against the Kurds?". Syria:Direct. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
Ammar Hammou; Maria Nelson (5 February 2018). "Revolutionaries, pawns, liberators, or mercenaries? Meet the Kurdish fighters participating in Turkey's Afrin offensive". Syria Direct. Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
"Commander of Kurdish FSA brigade: 'Federalism is not an effective system for Syria'". Syria:direct. 11 April 2016. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
Mohammad Abdulssattar Ibrahim; Maria Nelso (23 August 2017). "'Afrin is a red line': Kurdish FSA commander loses his faction after refusing to fight". Syria:direct. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.

syriahr.com

"The fight between Tahrir al-Sham and the National Front extends to the northern countryside of Idlib in the 5th day of the bloody clashes that killed about 130 fighters and civilians". SOHR. 5 January 2019.
"Reports: Turkey sent Syrian fighters to Azerbaijan • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 29 September 2020.
"At the request of the Turkish Government, the National Liberation Front merges with the "National Army" in the form of 4 Corps of the "Ministry of Defense within the interim Syrian government"". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 4 October 2019.
"At Turkish Intelligence's orders, Turkish-backed factions form new alliance in north Syria". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 9 September 2021.
"Turkey's involvement in Libya | As more mercenaries return to Syria, the Turkish government sends new batch of jihadists to Libya • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 25 July 2020.
"SOHR exclusive | Death toll of mercenaries in Azerbaijan is higher than that in Libya, while Syrian fighters given varying payments • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 3 December 2020.
"After Libya and Azerbaijan.. Turkey leads a new "mercenary" campaign for Syrians in an African country in exchange for great financial temptations" (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 27 January 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
"Consisting of 250 members.. Turkish intelligence is preparing the second batch of Syrian mercenaries to be sent to Niger" (in Arabic). Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 5 May 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
"Offering salaries of 3,000 USD | Turkish forces recruit hundreds of Syrian fighters to join fighting in Kurdistan Region of Iraq - The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights".
"Continuous violations against people of Afrin city and countryside by the Turkish Forces and the factions supported by them". SOHR. 19 May 2019.
"Groups of the Turkish forces, the factions belong to them and the Free Police storm a camp of displaced people in Afrin countryside and civil protests prevail among the displaced people". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 18 October 2018.
"A video showing "Corps of Glory" elements representing a body of a fighter in the women's protection units in the countryside of Ain al-Arab (Kobani)". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 22 October 2019.

syrianobserver.com

"Dozens of Kurds Fighting Under FSA Banner: Rebel Commander". Syrian Observer. 24 January 2018. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018.

syrianwardaily.wordpress.com

~ Joško Barić (28 November 2017). "Syrian War Daily – 28th of November 2017 | Syrian War Daily". Syrianwardaily.wordpress.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
Barić, Joško (21 June 2017). "Syrian War Daily – 21st of June 2017". Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
Barić, Joško (18 June 2017). "Syrian War Daily – 18th of June 2017". Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.

tass.com

"Turkish army shells Ayn Issa district in Syria's Raqqa governorate — paper". TASS.

theguardian.com

"Syria's opposition has been led astray by violence | Haytham Manna". the Guardian. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
"Exclusive: 2,000 Syrian fighters deployed to Libya to support government". the Guardian. 15 January 2020.
"Female Kurdish politician among nine civilians killed by pro-Turkey forces in Syria, observers say". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 13 October 2019. ISSN 0261-3077.

thenational.ae

"Hundreds of Turkey-backed rebels leave Manbij frontlines to fight Al Qaeda in Aleppo". The National (Abu Dhabi). 2 January 2019.

trtworld.com

"Turkey-backed opposition to form new army in northern Syria". Turkey-backed opposition to form new army in northern Syria. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
"What is the new Syrian National Army?". What is the new Syrian National Army?. Retrieved 21 March 2022.

trust.org

news.trust.org

"Fighters from the Ahrar al-Sharqiya rebel group attend a training near the northern Syrian town of al-Rai". Reuters. 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.

un.org

news.un.org

"Syria: Bombshell report reveals 'no clean hands' as horrific rights violations continue | UN News". news.un.org. 15 September 2020.

voanews.com

"Turkey sends Syrian mercenaries to Niger to secure strategic interests". Voice of America. 17 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
"Which Syrian Groups Are Involved in Turkey's Syria Offensive?". VOA News. 9 October 2019.
Kajjo, Sirwan (25 August 2016). "Who are the Turkey backed Syrian Rebels?". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2017.

web.archive.org

"30 rebel groups merge under Interim Govt's banner, form 'The National Army'". Zaman al-Wasl. 31 December 2017. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
Khalil Ashawi (13 August 2018). "Syrian rebels build an army with Turkish help, face challenges". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
الخطيب, حسام (11 September 2018). "المعارضة المعتدلة.. القوة الأساسية في إدلب". هيومن فويس | عين على الحقيقة. Archived from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
"300 pro-Turkey Syrian rebels sent to Libya to support UN-backed gov't: watchdog - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019.
Chris Tomson (23 October 2016). "Kurdish forces capture village in northern Aleppo as the Turkish Army redeploys". al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
"Syrian National Army sends reinforcements to confront HTS in Western Aleppo, according to military commander of National Army". SMART News Agency. 2 January 2019. Archived from the original on 27 October 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
Kajjo, Sirwan (25 August 2016). "Who are the Turkey backed Syrian Rebels?". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
"Defecting troops form 'Free Syrian Army', target Assad security forces". Archived from the original on 27 November 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
Coskun, Orhan; Sezer, Seda (19 September 2016). "Turkey-backed rebels could push further south in Syria, Erdogan says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
"Russia says Turkey helps 'jihadis, mercenaries' to penetrate Syria". 15 February 2016. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020 – via lta.reuters.com.
Suleiman Al-Khalidi (21 January 2018). "FSA Commander Says 25,000 Syrian Rebels Back Turkish Force in Syria". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
"Dozens of Kurds Fighting Under FSA Banner: Rebel Commander". Syrian Observer. 24 January 2018. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
Hogir Nejjae (24 January 2018). "Kurdish National Council participates in aggression against Afrin". Hawar News Agency. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
Adnan Al Hussein (21 January 2017). "هل تنجح "غصن الزيتون" بإجبار "الوحدات" على تسليم عفرين؟" [Will Olive Branch succeed in forcing the units to hand over Afrin?]. almodon (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 1 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
Khaled al-Khateb (16 February 2018). "Kurdish fighters join Turkey's Afrin operation". al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 17 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
"Aleppo: factions "shield Euphrates" gather in "military blocs"". Al-Modon. 22 June 2017. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
""Syrian National Army" establishes 2 operating rooms to reinforce Idlib and Aleppo fronts to repel the Russian aggression (photos and videos)". Nedaa Syria. 31 January 2020. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
"Fighters from the Ahrar al-Sharqiya rebel group attend a training near the northern Syrian town of al-Rai". Reuters. 20 March 2017. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
Khaled al-Khateb (18 April 2017). "FSA sees 'golden opportunity' with end of Turkey's operations in Syria". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
"470 FSA fighters killed in Euphrates Shield Operation". Kom News. 17 February 2017. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
""Battalion driven" and "Islam Brigades" deny Mbaiathma for "Sham edit body"". Al-Nour. 2 June 2017. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
"Northern Brigade separates from Sham Legion". All4Syria. 30 May 2017. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
~ Joško Barić (28 November 2017). "Syrian War Daily – 28th of November 2017 | Syrian War Daily". Syrianwardaily.wordpress.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
"Deir al-Zour military council to join the bloc Sultan Murad north of Aleppo". Qasioun News Agency. 17 July 2017. Archived from the original on 20 July 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
Suraj Sharma (16 February 2018). "Turkey sends 'Kurdish Falcon' force to Afrin to counter anti-Kurd image". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
""لواء الفتح" يعلن انضمامه لـ"الجبهة الشامية" في حلب" [The "Fatah Brigade" announces that it joins the Levant Front in Aleppo]. SMART News Agency. 8 March 2017. Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
"The suffering of the forcibly displaced Kurds continues in the countryside of Aleppo". ARA News. 13 June 2017. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
Times, Military (24 August 2016). "Turkish tanks and spec ops attack Islamic State forces in Syria". Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
"The assassination of a leader of Ahrar al-Sham north of Idlib, and the last escape of the west of Hama". STEP News Agency. 2 February 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
"Dozens of fighters form the brigade of northern Aleppo and declare joining the "National Front"". SMART News Agency. 14 August 2018. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
"The merger of seven opposition factions north of Aleppo under the name of (a block of victory)". Al Etihad Press. 5 June 2017. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
Ahmad Zakariya (2 April 2016). "After the recent merger of FSA factions, commander of FSA's Al-Safwa Battalions explains: unity has become a necessity". Revolutionary Forces of Syria Media Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
"Brigade North are free to announce joining the Sham Corps". Qasioun News Agency. 16 June 2017. Archived from the original on 19 June 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
Barić, Joško (21 June 2017). "Syrian War Daily – 21st of June 2017". Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
Barić, Joško (18 June 2017). "Syrian War Daily – 18th of June 2017". Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
"Factions (door) announces the formation of a unified operations room". All4Syria. 18 June 2017. Archived from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
"FSA The First Squad of Aleppo". Yalla Souriya. 11 August 2016. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
Lars Hauch (5 July 2017). "Syria war: Turkey 'disbands rebel battalion' as alliances collapse". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
Ammar Hammou; Maria Nelson (5 February 2018). "Revolutionaries, pawns, liberators, or mercenaries? Meet the Kurdish fighters participating in Turkey's Afrin offensive". Syria Direct. Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
Fehim Tastekin (26 January 2018). "Erdogan's plans for Afrin might not sit well with Syria". al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
"Commander of the FSA's Jaish Al-Thani : Our objective is to form a unified national army to ensure safety in all Syrian territory – Revolutionary Forces of Syria media office". 23 June 2017. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
"The formation of "the people of homes" Brive Aleppo to expel "intentionally"". Baladi News Network. 6 June 2017. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
"Hill raised negotiations failed .. and the return of the military option". Al-Modon. 19 June 2017. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
"Syrian tribal leaders backed by Turkey, Qatar, Saudi Arabia found new army". Kom News. 15 March 2017. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2017.
"جيش الشرقية يلتحق بـ "غصن الزيتون" ويدعو إلى الالتزام بأخلاقيات الحرب والأعراف الدولية". 8 February 2017. Archived from the original on 15 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
"A new military formation of the people of Al-Hasakah to fight the PYD in Aleppo countryside". en.eldorar.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
"Dissident officers launch the initiative of the "Syrian army united" .. These details (video)". El-Dorar al-Shamia. 25 July 2017. Archived from the original on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
"Aldorar Alshamia News Network : The Syrian Unified Army's Hama official explains the objectives". Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
"A new faction funded by Turkey to hit "Ksd" .. The first operations targeting civilians in the countryside Afrin". Adar Press. 28 July 2017. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
"Another mercenary gang in al-Shahba formed". Hawar News Agency. 29 July 2017. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
""كتائب المجد" فصيل جديد تابع للجيش الحر في حلب". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
"A fighter from the Sadik unit of Free Syrian Army's Tahrir al Sham brigade fires his Draganov sniper rifle from inside a house during heavy fighting in Mleha suburb of Damascus". Archived from the original on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
"Fourth Corps of the Syrian National Army in Homs countryside". Nedaa Syria. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
"How Syria's rebels became Turkey's mercenaries". Ahval. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
Bar'el, Zvi (26 November 2016). "The Free Syrian Army follows orders from Turkey". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
Mazi, Izzet (23 February 2017). "Injured Free Syrian Army fighters treated in Turkey". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
Zaman, Amberin (25 January 2017). "Syria's new national security force pledges loyalty to Turkey". Al Monitor. Archived from the original on 26 January 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
Ashawi, Khalil; Barrington, Lisa; King, Larry. "Hundreds of police trained by Turkey start work in northern Syria". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 January 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
Barrington, Lisa (29 August 2016). "Turkish forces deepen push into Syria, draw U.S. rebuke over their..." Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
"SDF-backed fighters in Jarablus say retreating south as Turkey pushes into Syria". Reuters. 29 August 2016. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
"Syria: FSA fighters chase US soldiers out of Al Rai, Syria". Yeni Şafak. Archived from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
"US Special Forces join Turkish troops in northern Syria - MIDEAST". 18 September 2016. Archived from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
"Clashes, shelling and shells continue in Aleppo city after the end of the Russian truce, and casualties in clashes at the northern countryside of Aleppo". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 22 October 2016. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
"Turkey-backed FSA captures strategic hills overlooking al-Bab from Daesh, clashes resume for the town's full control". Daily Sabah. 8 February 2017. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
Aydin, Mustafa (23 February 2017). "The logjam in Syria and Iraq". Hürriyet Daily News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
"Turkish-led rebels attack IS posts inside al-Bab city – rebels". Reuters. 9 February 2017. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
Öcal, Hakki (26 February 2017). "Readdressing the creation of buffer zones in Syria". Daily Sabah. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
"Turkish military: Al-Bab fully taken from ISIL". Hürriyet Daily News. 24 February 2017. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
""Syrian Kurds cede buffer as Turkish Backed FSA advances on Manbij" Al-Monitor". Archived from the original on 9 March 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
"Syria FSA Vows Attack Government Forces Al Bab". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
Rami Raj (25 September 2017). "Al-Hamzah Group (all partners): The opening of the military college is a step in the formation of the (National Army)". All4Syria. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
"Erdogan: Operation in Syria's Afrin has begun". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
"Turkish special forces head to Afrin". Kuwait News Agency. 23 January 2018. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
"Turkish military sends reinforcements to Afrin for 2nd phase of Operation Olive Branch (photos)". 28 February 2018. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
"Breaking: Turkish-backed rebels capture strategic town in Afrin". 1 February 2018. Archived from the original on 25 June 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
Bethan McKernan Beirut. "Afrin latest: Turkey deploys special forces for 'new phase of battle' as Kurdish leader arrested in Prague". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 March 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
"Turkey: Military seizes control of Jandaris from Kurdish YPG | Syria News". Al Jazeera. 8 March 2018. Archived from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
"Turkey forces encircle Kurdish-controlled centre of Afrin | Turkey News". Al Jazeera. 13 March 2018. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
"Syria war: Turkey-backed forces oust Kurds from heart of Afrin". BBC. Archived from the original on 18 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
"Turkish forces continue to clear mines in Afrin". Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
"Eid preparations in full swing in Syria's Afrin". Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
"Syrian rebels ban Kurdish flag in Aleppo". ARA News. 27 March 2016. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
"Commander of Kurdish FSA brigade: 'Federalism is not an effective system for Syria'". Syria:direct. 11 April 2016. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
"Ahrar Al-Sham Denies Burning The Syrian Revolution Flag By Its Fighters In Azaz". Qasioun. 27 September 2016. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
"Syrian rebels battle each other north of Aleppo". Reuters. 14 November 2016. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
Wladimir van Wilgenburg (5 April 2017). "Tensions increase between Turkey-backed rebels in Northern Aleppo". ARA News. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
"Fighting between factions of the "free" in the village north of Aleppo due to mutual accusations of "corruption"". SMART News Agency. 13 April 2017. Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
Fehim Tastekin (29 May 2017). "Turkey making itself at home in Syria". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 29 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
"Levant Front stormed the headquarters of the Sham Legion north of Aleppo, demanding the surrender of its elements". Al Etihad Press. 22 May 2017. Archived from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
Khaled Khatib (26 May 2017). "Aleppo: opposition to end "the Knights of the Revolution"". Al-Modon. Archived from the original on 29 May 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
Uğur Ergan (15 June 2017). "Turkey confirms internal fight in Free Syrian Army". Hürriyet Daily News. Archived from the original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
Wladimir van Wilgenburg (4 July 2017). "Turkey-backed rebel group refuses to attack Kurdish town north Syria". ARA News. Archived from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
Mohammad Abdulssattar Ibrahim; Maria Nelso (23 August 2017). "'Afrin is a red line': Kurdish FSA commander loses his faction after refusing to fight". Syria:direct. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
"YPG holds Turkey-backed rebels accountable for torturing Kurdish fighters". ARA News. 1 September 2016. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
"Syrian rebels captured by YPG confess to torturing Kurdish fighters". Rudaw Media Network. 1 September 2016. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
Wladimir van Wilgenburg (13 June 2017). "Hundreds of Yezidi Kurds displaced, kidnapped by Turkey-backed rebels northwest Syria: Kurdish council". ARA News. Archived from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
Raed Borhan (27 January 2019). "National Army fighters torture doctor in Afrin". SMART News Agency. Archived from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
"Tel White: Correspondent bridge monitors violations against civilians by "national factions"". Jesr Press. 18 October 2019. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
"2023 Trafficking in Persons Report: Libya". Archived from the original on 13 September 2023.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Albayrak, Ayla (4 October 2011). "Turkey Plans Military Exercise on Syrian Border". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
"Female Kurdish politician among nine civilians killed by pro-Turkey forces in Syria, observers say". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 13 October 2019. ISSN 0261-3077.

worldtribune.com

"Defecting troops form 'Free Syrian Army', target Assad security forces". Archived from the original on 27 November 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2022.

wsj.com

online.wsj.com

Albayrak, Ayla (4 October 2011). "Turkey Plans Military Exercise on Syrian Border". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 21 March 2022.

x.com

@alwataniathrer (14 August 2018). "National Front for Liberation" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
@badly_xeroxed (27 August 2018). "The Imam Ali Battalion led by Waled Shagal joined the ranks of FSA National Liberation Front" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

xinhuanet.com

"300 pro-Turkey Syrian rebels sent to Libya to support UN-backed gov't: watchdog - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019.

yallasouriya.wordpress.com

"FSA The First Squad of Aleppo". Yalla Souriya. 11 August 2016. Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.

yenisafak.com

"Syria: FSA fighters chase US soldiers out of Al Rai, Syria". Yeni Şafak. Archived from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.

zamanalwsl.net

en.zamanalwsl.net

"30 rebel groups merge under Interim Govt's banner, form 'The National Army'". Zaman al-Wasl. 31 December 2017. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.

zamanalwsl.net

"بينهم قادة في الصف الأول.. انشقاق عناصر من جيش العزة". www.zamanalwsl.net.