Syrian Social Nationalist Party (English Wikipedia)

Pipes, Daniel (1992). Greater Syria. Oxford University Press. pp. 100–101. ISBN 0-19-506022-9. The SSNP flag, which features a curved swastika called the red hurricane (zawba'a), points to the party's fascistic origins.
Yamak, Labib Zuwiyya (1966). The Syrian Social Nationalist Party: An Ideological Analysis. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674862364.
Nordbruch Goetz (2009). Nazism in Syria and Lebanon: The Ambivalence of the German Option, 1933–1945. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-88856-8. ... during his speech of 1 June 1935 ... Antun Saadeh declared ... '... The Syrian Social Nationalist Party is neither a Hitlerite nor a Fascist one, but a pure social nationalist one. It is not based on useless imitation, but is the result of an authentic invention. ...'
Beshara, Adel (11 January 2013). Lebanon: The Politics of Frustration – The Failed Coup of 1961. Routledge. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-136-00614-2.
MEED. Economic East Economic Digest, Limited. April 1983.
Beshara, Adel (11 January 2013). Lebanon: The Politics of Frustration – The Failed Coup of 1961. Routledge. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-136-00614-2.
Beshara, Adel (11 January 2013). Lebanon: The Politics of Frustration – The Failed Coup of 1961. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-00614-2.
Stanley G. Payne (1996). A History of Fascism, 1914–1945 (illustrated, reprint ed.). Routledge. pp. 352–354. ISBN 9781857285956.
Johnson, Michael (2001). All Honourable Men. I.B. Tauris. p. 150. ISBN 1-86064-715-4. Saadeh, the party's 'leader for life', was an admirer of Adolf Hitler and influenced by Nazi and fascist ideology. This went beyond adopting a reversed swastika as the party's symbol and singing the party's anthem to Deutschland über alles, and included developing the cult of a leader, advocating totalitarian government, and glorifying an ancient pre-Christian past and the organic whole of the Syrian Volk or nation.
Becker, Jillian (1984). The PLO: The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-78547-8. [The SSNP] had been founded in 1932 as a youth movement, deliberately modeled on Hitler's Nazi Party. For its symbol it invented a curved swastika, called the Zawbah.

dailystar.com.lb

"Day 5: Lebanese dare to hope worst is over". Daily Star (Lebanon). Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.

danielpipes.org

Danial Pipes (August 1988). "Radical Politics and the Syrian Social Nationalist Party".

doi.org

Wege, Carl Anthony (2011). "Hizbollah–Syrian Intelligence Affairs: A Marriage of Convenience". Journal of Strategic Security. 4 (3): 1–14. doi:10.5038/1944-0472.4.3.1. ISSN 1944-0464. JSTOR 26463938. S2CID 32051188.
Glazer, Sydney (1 April 1967). "The Syrian Social Nationalist Party: an Ideological Analysis. By Labib Zuwiyya Yamak". The American Historical Review. 72 (3): 1045. doi:10.1086/ahr/72.3.1045 – via Oxford University Press.

eaworldview.com

Lucas, Scott (25 February 2021). "How Assad Regime Tightened Syria's One-Party Rule". EA Worldview. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021.

elpais.com

internacional.elpais.com

Natalia Sancha (5 April 2016). "El Ejército sirio expulsa al Estado Islámico del desierto". El País. Retrieved 11 April 2016.

enabbaladi.net

english.enabbaladi.net

Abdul-Jalil, Moghrabi, Murad, Yamen (3 July 2020). "Al-Assad attempts to boost "Ba'ath" vigor to tighten control". Enab Baladi. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

foreignpolicy.com

Samaha, Nour (28 March 2016). "The Eagles of the Whirlwind". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 28 June 2021.

gulf365.net

"الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي" نعى عنصرًا له أثناء "قيامه بواجبه القوميّ على طريق فلسطين"". gulf365.net (in Arabic). 15 December 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.

hal.science

u-picardie.hal.science

Samia, Wissam (2020). "Antun Saadeh's Social-Nationalist Doctrine. Presenting and Reconstructing an Original Economic and Social Theory". Alternatives économiques (3): 496 – via HAL (open archive).

ipu.org

data.ipu.org

"2020 People's Assembly Election results". IPU Parline.

joshualandis.com

Jesse McDonald (4 June 2017). "The SSNP's Military: The Eagles of the Whirlwind & Their Emblem". joshualandis.com. Retrieved 25 March 2018.

jstor.org

Wege, Carl Anthony (2011). "Hizbollah–Syrian Intelligence Affairs: A Marriage of Convenience". Journal of Strategic Security. 4 (3): 1–14. doi:10.5038/1944-0472.4.3.1. ISSN 1944-0464. JSTOR 26463938. S2CID 32051188.

lorientlejour.com

today.lorientlejour.com

"What is left of Lebanon's Syrian Social Nationalist Party?". L'Orient Today. 27 May 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2021.

mei.edu

Shaar, Akil, Karam, Samy (28 January 2021). "Inside Syria's Clapping Chamber: Dynamics of the 2020 Parliamentary Elections". Middle East Institute. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Shaar, Akil, Karam, Samy (28 January 2021). "Inside Syria's Clapping Chamber: Dynamics of the 2020 Parliamentary Elections". Middle East Institute. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

newlinesinstitute.org

"The Intractable Roots of Assad-Makhlouf Drama in Syria". Newslines Institute. 15 May 2020. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021.

nytimes.com

query.nytimes.com

Neil A. Lewis (18 May 1988). "U.S. Links Men in Bomb Case To Lebanon Terrorist Group". The New York Times.

ottawacitizen.com

Terry Glavin (26 February 2015). "A Liberal Conundrum In Nepean".

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Glazer, Sydney (1 April 1967). "The Syrian Social Nationalist Party: an Ideological Analysis. By Labib Zuwiyya Yamak". The American Historical Review. 72 (3): 1045. doi:10.1086/ahr/72.3.1045 – via Oxford University Press.

prensa-latina.cu

"Noticias de Prensa Latina". Retrieved 11 April 2016.

prio.org

Ricolfi, L., & Campana, P. (2004). Suicide missions in the Palestinian area: a new database Archived 28 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine.

refworld.org

Zambelis, Chris (26 March 2014). "Assad's Hurricane: A Profile of the Paramilitary Wing of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party". refworld. Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023.

reuters.com

"Lebanese court issues death sentence over 1982 Gemayel assassination". Reuters. 20 October 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2021.

sana.sy

"Syrian Arab news agency – SANA – Syria : Syria news ::". Archived from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2014.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Wege, Carl Anthony (2011). "Hizbollah–Syrian Intelligence Affairs: A Marriage of Convenience". Journal of Strategic Security. 4 (3): 1–14. doi:10.5038/1944-0472.4.3.1. ISSN 1944-0464. JSTOR 26463938. S2CID 32051188.

smh.com.au

"Aussie's death sparks Lebanon alert". The Sydney Morning Herald. 12 May 2008.

ssnp.com

Antun Saadeh, "The Explanation of the Principles". URL: http://www.ssnp.com/new/library/saadeh/principles/ Archived 27 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine
"About". ssnp.com. Syrian Social Nationalist Party. 17 May 2004. Archived from the original on 17 May 2006. Retrieved 23 March 2024. Our Syria has distinct natural boundaries…
"IDEOLOGY". Archived from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
"Saadeh". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
See: Adel Beshara, "Where we Stand", http://www.ssnp.com/old/ourstand.htm Archived 26 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine

ssnp.net

"SSNP website". Archived from the original on 14 July 2012.

ssnparty.org

"كلمة رئيس الحزب السّوريّ القوميّ الاجتماعيّ الأمين ربيع بنات لمناسبة الأول من آذار".
"بيان رقم 2: "طوفان الأقصى" عزة فلسطين والأمة". الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي (in Arabic). Retrieved 14 October 2023.
"الحزب: الارهاب اداة للمشروع اليهودي لاستهداف أجيالنا الجديدة". الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي (in Arabic). Retrieved 14 October 2023.

theage.com.au

Jackson, Andra (12 May 2008). "Melbourne man killed in Lebanon 'was on holiday'". The Age. Melbourne.

theatlantic.com

Ya'ari, Ehud (June 1987). "Behind the Terror". Atlantic Monthly. [The SSNP] greet their leaders with a Hitlerian salute; sing their Arabic anthem, "Greetings to You, Syria," to the strains of "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles"; and throng to the symbol of the red hurricane, a swastika in circular motion.
"Behind the Terror". The Atlantic. June 1987.

theaustralian.com.au

Chulov, Martin; Davis, Michael (13 May 2008). "Australian Fahdi Sheikh's body mutilated by Beirut mob". The Australian.

theguardian.com

Robinson, James (19 February 2009). "Christopher Hitchens on Beirut attack: 'they kept coming. Six or seven at first'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022.

vanityfair.com

Hitchens, Christopher (May 2009). "The Swastika and the Cedar". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022.

web.archive.org

Antun Saadeh, "The Explanation of the Principles". URL: http://www.ssnp.com/new/library/saadeh/principles/ Archived 27 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Zambelis, Chris (26 March 2014). "Assad's Hurricane: A Profile of the Paramilitary Wing of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party". refworld. Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023.
"About". ssnp.com. Syrian Social Nationalist Party. 17 May 2004. Archived from the original on 17 May 2006. Retrieved 23 March 2024. Our Syria has distinct natural boundaries…
"Syrian Arab news agency – SANA – Syria : Syria news ::". Archived from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
"IDEOLOGY". Archived from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
Ricolfi, L., & Campana, P. (2004). Suicide missions in the Palestinian area: a new database Archived 28 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
"Australian killed in Lebanon: DFAT". The Hawkesbury Gazette. Archived from the original on 2 August 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2008.
"Day 5: Lebanese dare to hope worst is over". Daily Star (Lebanon). Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2008.
"The SSNP 'Hurricane' in the Syrian conflict: Syria and South Lebanon Are The Same Battlefield". Al-Akhbar in English. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
Lucas, Scott (25 February 2021). "How Assad Regime Tightened Syria's One-Party Rule". EA Worldview. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021.
Abdul-Jalil, Moghrabi, Murad, Yamen (3 July 2020). "Al-Assad attempts to boost "Ba'ath" vigor to tighten control". Enab Baladi. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Shaar, Akil, Karam, Samy (28 January 2021). "Inside Syria's Clapping Chamber: Dynamics of the 2020 Parliamentary Elections". Middle East Institute. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Shaar, Akil, Karam, Samy (28 January 2021). "Inside Syria's Clapping Chamber: Dynamics of the 2020 Parliamentary Elections". Middle East Institute. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
"The Intractable Roots of Assad-Makhlouf Drama in Syria". Newslines Institute. 15 May 2020. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021.
Kataw, Nawwar (14 October 2019). "هل هي خطوة انتقامية من آل مخلوف؟ كل ما تريد معرفته عن الحزب القومي السوري الاجتماعي وحل النظام له" [Is it a revenge move from the Makhlouf family? All you need to know about the Syrian National Social Party and the regime's solution to it]. Arab Post. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023.
Al-Hadath News. السوريون القوميون في الاردن يحتفلون بذكرى ميلاد انطون سعادة Archived 21 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine
"Saadeh". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
See: Adel Beshara, "Where we Stand", http://www.ssnp.com/old/ourstand.htm Archived 26 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine
"Lebanon – Al Jazeera". Lebanon's women warriors. 24 April 2010. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
Robinson, James (19 February 2009). "Christopher Hitchens on Beirut attack: 'they kept coming. Six or seven at first'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022.
Hitchens, Christopher (May 2009). "The Swastika and the Cedar". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Wege, Carl Anthony (2011). "Hizbollah–Syrian Intelligence Affairs: A Marriage of Convenience". Journal of Strategic Security. 4 (3): 1–14. doi:10.5038/1944-0472.4.3.1. ISSN 1944-0464. JSTOR 26463938. S2CID 32051188.
Yonker, Carl C. (2021). The Rise and Fall of Greater Syria : a Political History of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. Berlin. ISBN 978-3-11-072909-2. OCLC 1248759109.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

worldcat.org

Yonker, Carl C. (2021). The Rise and Fall of Greater Syria : a Political History of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. Berlin. ISBN 978-3-11-072909-2. OCLC 1248759109.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

yourguide.com.au

hawkesbury.yourguide.com.au

"Australian killed in Lebanon: DFAT". The Hawkesbury Gazette. Archived from the original on 2 August 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2008.