Tamil culture (English Wikipedia)

"Principles and Practice of Hindu Religion". Hindu Heritage Study Program. Archived from the original on 14 November 2006. Retrieved 5 December 2006.

books.google.com

Vijaya Ramaswamy; Jawaharlal Nehru (25 August 2017). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Rowman & Littlefield. p. xxiv. ISBN 978-1-53810-686-0. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
J.B.P. More (2020). Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu and South India Under French Rule: From François Martin to Dupleix 1674-1754. Manohar. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-00026-356-5. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
Susan Wadley (2014). South Asia in the World: An Introduction. Taylor and Francis. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-31745-958-3. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
Diego Marin; Ivan Minella; Erik Schievenin (2013). The Three Ages of Atlantis: The Great Floods That Destroyed Civilization. Inner Traditions/Bear. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-59143-757-4. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
Zvelebil, Kamil (1992). Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature. Brill Publishers. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-9-00409-365-2. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
M. S. Purnalingam Pillai (1994). Tamil Literature. Asian Educational Services. p. 2. ISBN 978-8-12060-955-6. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
Mahajan V.D. Ancient India. S. Chand Publishing. p. 610. ISBN 978-9-35253-132-5. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
Shulman, David (2016). Tamil. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-67497-465-4. Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
Takahashi, Takanobu (1995). Tamil Love Poetry and Poetics. Brill Publishers. pp. 1–3. ISBN 90-04-10042-3. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
P.S.Sundaram (2005). The Kural. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-9-35118-015-9. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
Pillai, P. Govinda (4 October 2022). The Bhakti Movement: Renaissance or Revivalism?. Taylor & Francis. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-00078-039-0. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
Padmaja, T. (2002). Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamil nāḍu. Abhinav Publications. p. 47. ISBN 978-8-17017-398-4. Archived from the original on 30 June 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
P.S.Sundaram (3 May 2002). Kamba Ramayana. Penguin Books. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-9-351-18100-2. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
Bergunder, Michael; Frese, Heiko; Schröder, Ulrike (2011). Ritual, Caste, and Religion in Colonial South India. Primus Books. p. 107. ISBN 978-9-380-60721-4. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
Karen Prechilis (1999). The embodiment of bhakti. Oxford University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-19512-813-0. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
Arooran, K. Nambi (1980). Tamil Renaissance and the Dravidian Movement, 1905-1944. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
Indian Literature: An Introduction. Pearson Education. 2005. p. 125. ISBN 978-8-13170-520-9. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
Centur̲aimuttu (1978). Āya kalaikaḷ ar̲upattunān̲ku. University of Michigan. p. 2. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
Jose Joseph; L. Stanislaus, eds. (2007). Communication as Mission. Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. p. 123. ISBN 978-8-18458-006-8. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
Francis Ching; Mark M. Jarzombek; Vikramaditya Prakash (2017). A Global History of Architecture. New York: John Wiley and Sons. p. 320. ISBN 978-1-11898-161-0. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
David Rose (1995). Hinduism. Folens. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-85276-770-9. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Jeannie Ireland (2018). History of Interior Design. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 224. ISBN 978-1-50131-989-1. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Susan L. Huntington; John C. Huntington (2014). The Art of Ancient India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 313. ISBN 978-8-12083-617-4. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Dayalan, D. (2014). Cave-temples in the Regions of the Pāṇdya, Muttaraiya, Atiyamān̤ and Āy Dynasties in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Archaeological Survey of India. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
K. R. Srinivasan (1964). Cave-temples of the Pallavas. Archaeological Survey of India. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Sacred Places of a Lifetime: 500 of the World's Most Peaceful and Powerful Destinations. National Geographic Society. 2008. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-42620-336-7.
Om Prakash (2005). Cultural History of India. New Age International. p. 15. ISBN 978-8-12241-5-872. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Vidya Dehejia (1990). Art of the Imperial Cholas. Columbia University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-23151-524-5. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Ē. En̲ Perumāḷ (1983). Ca. Vē Cuppiramaṇiyan̲ (ed.). Heritage of the Tamils: Art & Architecture. International Institute of Tamil Studies. p. 459. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
K. Rajayyan (2005). Tamil Nadu, a Real History. University of Michigan. p. 188. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Raghavan Srinivasan. Rajaraja Chola: Interplay Between an Imperial Regime and Productive Forces of Society. Leadstart Publishing. p. 141. ISBN 978-9-35458-2-233. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Nayanthara, S. (2006). The World of Indian murals and paintings. Chillbreeze. pp. 55–57. ISBN 978-8-19040-551-5. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
C. B. Gupta; Mrinalini Mani (2005). Thanjavur Paintings: Materials, Techniques & Conservation. National Museum. p. 14. ISBN 978-8-18583-223-4. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Appasamy, Jaya (1980). Tanjavur Painting of the Maratha Period: Volume 1. Abhinav Publications. p. 9. ISBN 978-8-17017-127-0. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Rajagopal, Geetha (2009). Music rituals in the temples of South India, Volume 1. Dorling Kindersley. pp. 111–112. ISBN 978-8-12460-538-7.
Nijenhuis, Emmie te (1974). Indian Music: History and Structure. Brill Publishers. pp. 4–5. ISBN 978-9-00403-978-0. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Tamil Pozhil (in Tamil). Karanthai Tamil Sangam. 1976. p. 241. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
T. K. Venkatasubramanian (2010). Music as a history in Tamil Nadu. Primus Books. p. ix-xvi. ISBN 978-9-38060-7-061. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Alastair Dick (1984). Sadie, Stanley (ed.). The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments. Vol. 3. Macmillan Press. p. 727. ISBN 978-0-943818-05-4. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. Sahitya Akademi. 1988. p. 1314. ISBN 978-8-12601-194-0. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
S.Krishnaswami (2017). Musical Instruments of India. Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India. ISBN 978-8-12302-494-3. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
K.Leelavathy. Problems and prospects of handicraft artisans in thanjavur district. Archers & Elevators Publishing House. pp. 38, 43. ISBN 978-8-11965-350-8. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Pillai, S. Subramania (2019). Tourism in Tamil Nadu: Growth and Development. MJP Publisher. p. 14. ISBN 978-8-18094-432-1. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Knight, Douglas M. Jr. (2010). Balasaraswati: Her Art and Life. Wesleyan University Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-8195-6906-6. Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
Banerjee, Projesh (1983). Indian Ballet Dancing. Abhinav Publications. pp. 42–43. ISBN 978-0-391-02716-9. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Richard Schechner (2010). Between Theater and Anthropology. University of Pennsylvania. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-81227-929-0.
Gurcharan Singh Randhawa; Amitabha Mukhopadhyay (1986). Floriculture in India. Allied Publishers. pp. 607–608. ISBN 978-8-17023-494-4. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Swarajya Prakash Gupta; Krishna Lal; Mahua Bhattacharyya (2002). Cultural tourism in India: museums, monuments & arts. Indraprastha Museum of Art and Archaeology. p. 198. ISBN 978-8-12460-215-7.
Janet O'Shea (2007). At Home in the World: Bharata Natyam on the Global Stage. Wesleyan University. pp. 70, 162, 198–200. ISBN 978-0-81956-837-3.
Hanne M. de Bruin (1999). Kaṭṭaikkūttu: The Flexibility of a South Indian Theatre Tradition. University of Michigan. p. 344. ISBN 978-9-06980-103-2. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Heesterman, J. C. (1992). Ritual, State, and History in South Asia. Brill Publishers. p. 465. ISBN 978-9-00409-467-3. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Ethical Life in South Asia. Indiana University Press. 2010. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-25335-528-7. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Kent, Alexandra (2005). Divinity and Diversity: A Hindu Revitalization Movement in Malaysia. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 170–174. ISBN 978-8-79111-489-2. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Hume, Lynne (2020). Portals: Opening Doorways to Other Realities Through the Senses. Taylor & Francis. p. 88. ISBN 978-1-00018-987-2. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Shobana Gupta (2010). Dances Of India. Har-Anand Publications. pp. 60–65. ISBN 978-8-12411-337-0. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Govindarajan, Aburva (2016). Footprints of a Young Dancer:Journey & Experience. eBooks2go. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-61813-360-1. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Raghavan, M. D. (1971). Tamil Culture in Ceylon: A General Introduction. University of Michigan. pp. 274–275. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Allison Arnold, ed. (2017). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. Taylor & Francis. p. 990. ISBN 978-1-35154-438-2. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Madhavan, Arya (2010). Kudiyattam Theatre and the Actor's Consciousness. Brill Publishers. p. 113. ISBN 978-9-04202-799-2. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Gaurab Dasgupta (2024). Jhal Muri: Embracing Life's Unpredictable Flavours. Blue Rose. p. 207. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Soneji, Devesh; Viswanathan Peterson, Indira (2008). Reinventing the Arts in Modern South India. Oxford University Press. pp. 334–335. ISBN 978-0-19569-084-2. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Shah, Niraalee (2021). Indian Etiquette:A Glimpse Into India's Culture. Notion Press. ISBN 978-1-63886-554-4. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Spirit of the Tiger. Parragon Publishing. 2012. p. 206. ISBN 978-1-44545-472-6. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2016). The Encyclopedia of World Folk Dance. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-1-44225-749-8. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
History, Religion and Culture of India. Isha books. 2004. p. 224. ISBN 978-8-18205-061-7. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Vatsyayan, Kapila (1987). Traditions of Indian Folk Dance. Clarion Books. p. 337. ISBN 978-8-18512-022-5. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Narayan, M.K.V. (2007). Flipside of Hindu Symbolism:Sociological and Scientific Linkages in Hinduism. Fultus Corporation. pp. 138–139. ISBN 978-1-59682-117-0. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Shovana Narayan (2004). Folk Dance Traditions of India. Shubhi Publication. pp. 226–227. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Axel Michaels; Christoph Wulf, eds. (2012). Images of the Body in India: South Asian and European Perspectives on Rituals and Performativity. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-13670-392-8. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Wolf, Gita; Geetha, V.; Ravishankar, Anushka (2003). Masks and Performance with Everyday Materials. Tara Publishing. pp. 37–38. ISBN 978-8-18621-147-2. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Liu, Siyuan (2016). Routledge Handbook of Asian Theatre. Taylor & Francis. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-317-27886-3. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Lal, Ananda (2009). Theatres of India: A Concise Companion. Oxford University Press. pp. 71, 433. ISBN 978-0-19569-917-3. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Brandon, James; Banham, Martin (1997). The Cambridge Guide to Asian Theatre. Cambridge University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-521-58822-5.
Chris Crudelli (2008). The Way of the Warrior. Dorling Kindersley. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-40533-750-2. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Peter J. Claus; Sarah Diamond; Margaret Ann Mills (2003). South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 21, 386. ISBN 978-0-415-93919-5. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Hiro, Dilip (2010). After Empire: The Birth of a Multipolar World. PublicAffairs. p. 248. ISBN 978-1-56858-427-0. Archived from the original on 22 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
Velayutham, Selvaraj (2008). Tamil cinema: the cultural politics of India's other film industry. Routledge. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-415-39680-6. Archived from the original on 22 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
Vijaya Ramaswamy (2017). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-53810-686-0. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Boulanger, Chantal (1997). Saris: An Illustrated Guide to the Indian Art of Draping. New York: Shakti Press International. p. 6,15. ISBN 978-0-96614-961-6. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Lynton, Linda (1995). The Sari. New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 978-0-50028-378-3. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Anurag Kumar (2016). Indian Art & Culture. Arihant Publication. p. 196. ISBN 978-9-35094-484-4. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Nick Huyes (10 May 2024). Exploring The Riches Of India. Nicky Huys Books. p. 47. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Singapore Ethnic Mosaic, The: Many Cultures, One People. World Scientific Publishing Company. 2017. p. 226. ISBN 978-9-81323-475-8. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Britannica Encyclopedia of World Religions. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2008. p. 809. ISBN 978-1-59339-491-2. Archived from the original on 6 August 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Johann Philipp Fabricius (1998). Tamil dictionary. Asian Educational Services. p. 631. ISBN 978-8-12060-264-9. Archived from the original on 6 August 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Selwyn Stanley (2004). Social Problems in India. Allied Publishers. p. 658. ISBN 978-8-17764-708-2. Archived from the original on 15 July 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
South India Heritage: An Introduction. East West Books. 2007. p. 412. ISBN 978-8-18866-164-0.
The Bloomsbury Handbook of Indian Cuisine. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2023. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-350-12864-4. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Kalman, Bobbie (2009). India: The Culture. Crabtree Publishing Company. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-7787-9287-1. Archived from the original on 19 April 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Conrad Bunk, ed. (2009). Acceptable Genes? Religious Traditions and Genetically Modified Foods. SUNY Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-1-43842-894-9. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
George Abraham Pottamkulam (2021). Tamilnadu A Journey in Time Part II People, Places and Potpourri. Notion Press. ISBN 978-1-63806-520-3. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Lopamudra Maitra Bajpai (2020). India, Sri Lanka and the SAARC Region: History, Popular Culture and Heritage. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-00020-581-7. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
James Stewart (2015). Vegetarianism and Animal Ethics in Contemporary Buddhism. Taylor & Francis. p. 126. ISBN 978-1-31762-398-4. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
Denise Cush; Catherine A. Robinson; Michael York (2008). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Psychology Press. pp. 610–611. ISBN 978-0-7007-1267-0. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
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J. Gordon Melton (2011). Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations. ABC-CLIO. pp. 547–548. ISBN 978-1-59884-206-7.
Roy W. Hamilton; Aurora Ammayao (2003). The art of rice: spirit and sustenance in Asia. University of California Press. pp. 156–157. ISBN 978-0-93074-198-3. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
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