Tamil language (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Tamil language" in English language version.
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agc.gov.sg (Global: 6,849th place; English: 4,673rd place)
sso.agc.gov.sg
- Republic of Singapore Independence Act 1965 (No. 9 of 1965, 1985 Rev. Ed.), s7.
archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)
- Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The world's writing systems. Internet Archive. New York : Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
archive.today (Global: 14th place; English: 14th place)
- Dutta, Sujan (28 September 2004), "Classic case of politics of language", The Telegraph, Kolkata, India, archived from the original on 3 February 2013, retrieved 20 April 2007,
Members of the committee felt that the pressure was being brought on it because of the compulsions of the Congress and the UPA government to appease its ally, M. Karunanidhi's DMK.
bbc.co.uk (Global: 8th place; English: 10th place)
news.bbc.co.uk
- "India sets up classical languages". 17 September 2004.
bbc.com (Global: 20th place; English: 30th place)
- "Myanmar's Tamils seek to protect their identity". BBC News. 6 March 2014.
berkeley.edu (Global: 580th place; English: 462nd place)
lib.berkeley.edu
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books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)
- Zvelebil, Kamil (1973). The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-03591-1.
- Zvelebil, Kamil (1973), The Smile of Murugan, BRILL, p. 4, ISBN 978-90-04-03591-1
- Caldwell, Robert (1875), Classes of nouns in Tamil, Trübner, retrieved 1 June 2007
- Caldwell, Robert (1875), Classes of nouns in Tamil, retrieved 1 June 2007
britannica.com (Global: 40th place; English: 58th place)
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- Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju (2013) "Tamil dialects" in Tamil language. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
cdlib.org (Global: 2,268th place; English: 1,400th place)
content.cdlib.org
- Ramaswamy 1997, p. 87. Ramaswamy, Sumathy (1997), "Laboring for language", Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-585-10600-7
- Ramaswamy 1997 Ramaswamy, Sumathy (1997), "Laboring for language", Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-585-10600-7
- Ramaswamy 1997: "Dravidianism, too, lent its support to the contestatory classicist project, motivated principally by the political imperative of countering (Sanskritic) Indian nationalism... It was not until the DMK came to power in 1967 that such demands were fulfilled, and the pure Tamil cause received a boost, although purification efforts are not particularly high on the agenda of either the Dravidian movement or the Dravidianist idiom of tamiḻppaṟṟu." Ramaswamy, Sumathy (1997), "Laboring for language", Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-585-10600-7
- Ramaswamy 1997, "Laboring for language": "Nevertheless, even impressionistically speaking, the marked decline in the use of foreign words, especially of Sanskritic origin, in Tamil literary, scholarly, and even bureaucratic circles over the past half century is quite striking." Ramaswamy, Sumathy (1997), "Laboring for language", Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-585-10600-7
ark.cdlib.org
- Ramaswamy 1997, p. 87. Ramaswamy, Sumathy (1997), "Laboring for language", Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-585-10600-7
- Ramaswamy 1997 Ramaswamy, Sumathy (1997), "Laboring for language", Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-585-10600-7
- Ramaswamy 1997: "Dravidianism, too, lent its support to the contestatory classicist project, motivated principally by the political imperative of countering (Sanskritic) Indian nationalism... It was not until the DMK came to power in 1967 that such demands were fulfilled, and the pure Tamil cause received a boost, although purification efforts are not particularly high on the agenda of either the Dravidian movement or the Dravidianist idiom of tamiḻppaṟṟu." Ramaswamy, Sumathy (1997), "Laboring for language", Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-585-10600-7
- Ramaswamy 1997, "Laboring for language": "Nevertheless, even impressionistically speaking, the marked decline in the use of foreign words, especially of Sanskritic origin, in Tamil literary, scholarly, and even bureaucratic circles over the past half century is quite striking." Ramaswamy, Sumathy (1997), "Laboring for language", Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-585-10600-7
ciil-ebooks.net (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Arokianathan, S. Writing and Diglossic: A Case Study of Tamil Radio Plays Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine. ciil-ebooks.net
constitutionalcourt.org.za (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Constitutional Court of South Africa – The Constitution", www.constitutionalcourt.org.za, retrieved 5 August 2017
dnaindia.com (Global: 250th place; English: 153rd place)
- Bharadwaj, Ajay (7 March 2010) Punjabi edges out Tamil in Haryana. DNA India
doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)
- Stein, B. (1977), "Circulation and the Historical Geography of Tamil Country", The Journal of Asian Studies, 37 (1): 7–26, doi:10.2307/2053325, JSTOR 2053325, S2CID 144599197. "Tamil is one of the two longest-surviving classical languages in India" (p. 7).
- Abraham, S.A. (2003), "Chera, Chola, Pandya: Using Archaeological Evidence to Identify the Tamil Kingdoms of Early Historic South India" (PDF), Asian Perspectives, 42 (2): 207, doi:10.1353/asi.2003.0031, hdl:10125/17189, S2CID 153420843
- Maloney, C. (1970), "The Beginnings of Civilization in South India", The Journal of Asian Studies, 29 (3): 603–616, doi:10.2307/2943246, JSTOR 2943246, S2CID 162291987 at p. 610
- Menon, A. G. (2009), "Some observations on the sub-group Tamil-Malayalam: Differential realizations of the cluster * ṉt", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 53: 87, doi:10.1017/S0041977X00021285, S2CID 131480876
- Panneerselvam, R (1969), "Further light on the bilingual coin of the Sātavāhanas", Indo-Iranian Journal, 4 (11): 281–288, doi:10.1163/000000069790078428
- Kuiper 1958, p. 194 Kuiper, F. B. J. (1958), "Two problems of old Tamil phonology I. The old Tamil āytam (with an appendix by K. Zvelebil)", Indo-Iranian Journal, 2 (3): 191–224, doi:10.1007/BF00162818 (inactive 12 July 2025), S2CID 161402102
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link) - Kuiper 1958, pp. 213–215 Kuiper, F. B. J. (1958), "Two problems of old Tamil phonology I. The old Tamil āytam (with an appendix by K. Zvelebil)", Indo-Iranian Journal, 2 (3): 191–224, doi:10.1007/BF00162818 (inactive 12 July 2025), S2CID 161402102
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link) - Rajam, V. S. (1985), "The Duration of an Action-Real or Aspectual? The Evolution of the Present Tense in Tamil", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 105 (2): 277–291, doi:10.2307/601707, JSTOR 601707 at pp. 284–285
- Kandiah, T. (1978), "Standard Language and Socio-Historical Parameters: Standard Lankan Tamil", International Journal of the Sociology of Language (16), doi:10.1515/ijsl.1978.16.59, S2CID 143499414 at pp. 65–69
- Steever, S. B.; Britto, F. (1988), "Diglossia: A Study of the Theory, with Application to Tamil", Language, 64 (1): 152–155, doi:10.2307/414796, JSTOR 414796
- Zvelebil, K. (1966), "Some features of Ceylon Tamil", Indo-Iranian Journal, 9 (2): 113, doi:10.1163/000000066790086440
- Schiffman, Harold (1998), "Standardization or restandardization: The case for 'Standard' Spoken Tamil", Language in Society, 27 (3): 359–385, doi:10.1017/S0047404598003030.
- Fowler, Murray (1954), "The Segmental Phonemes of Sanskritized Tamil", Language, 30 (3): 360–367, doi:10.2307/410134, JSTOR 410134 at p. 360.
- Keane (2004:111) Keane, Elinor (2004), "Tamil", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 111–116, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001549
- Keane (2004:114–115) Keane, Elinor (2004), "Tamil", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 111–116, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001549
- Zvelebil, K. V. (April–June 1972), "Dravidian Case-Suffixes: Attempt at a Reconstruction", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 92 (2): 272–276, doi:10.2307/600654, JSTOR 600654,
The entire problem of the concept of "case" in Dravidian will be ignored in this paper. In fact, we might posit a great number of "cases" for perhaps any Dravidian language once we departed from the familiar types of paradigms forced upon us by traditional, indigenous and European grammars, especially of the literary languages. It is, for instance, sheer convention based on Tamil grammatical tradition (influenced no doubt by Sanskrit) that, as a rule, the number of cases in Tamil is given as eight.
- Ramaswamy, S. (2009), "En/gendering Language: The Poetics of Tamil Identity", Comparative Studies in Society and History, 35 (4): 683, doi:10.1017/S0010417500018673, S2CID 145729544
- Vaidyanathan, S. (1967), "Indo-Aryan Loan Words in the Cīvakacintāmaṇi", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 87 (4): 430–434, doi:10.2307/597587, JSTOR 597587
- Trautmann, Thomas R. (1999), "Hullabaloo About Telugu", South Asia Research, 19 (1): 53–70, doi:10.1177/026272809901900104, S2CID 144334963 at p. 64
- See Ramaswamy's analysis of one such text, the Tamiḻ viṭututu, in Ramaswamy, S. (1998), "Language of the People in the World of Gods: Ideologies of Tamil before the Nation", The Journal of Asian Studies, 57 (1): 66–92, doi:10.2307/2659024, JSTOR 2659024, S2CID 162469583
ethnologue.com (Global: 339th place; English: 388th place)
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- Abraham, S.A. (2003), "Chera, Chola, Pandya: Using Archaeological Evidence to Identify the Tamil Kingdoms of Early Historic South India" (PDF), Asian Perspectives, 42 (2): 207, doi:10.1353/asi.2003.0031, hdl:10125/17189, S2CID 153420843
harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)
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- Tamil: A Biography, Harvard University Belknap Press, 2016, p. 2
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scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu
- Abraham, S.A. (2003), "Chera, Chola, Pandya: Using Archaeological Evidence to Identify the Tamil Kingdoms of Early Historic South India" (PDF), Asian Perspectives, 42 (2): 207, doi:10.1353/asi.2003.0031, hdl:10125/17189, S2CID 153420843
hermantieken.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Tienken, Herman, Metaphony, or height harmony, in written Tamil and Malayalam pp. 53-66 https://hermantieken.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/doc.pdf
hindu.com (Global: 261st place; English: 171st place)
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jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)
- Stein, B. (1977), "Circulation and the Historical Geography of Tamil Country", The Journal of Asian Studies, 37 (1): 7–26, doi:10.2307/2053325, JSTOR 2053325, S2CID 144599197. "Tamil is one of the two longest-surviving classical languages in India" (p. 7).
- Maloney, C. (1970), "The Beginnings of Civilization in South India", The Journal of Asian Studies, 29 (3): 603–616, doi:10.2307/2943246, JSTOR 2943246, S2CID 162291987 at p. 610
- Rajam, V. S. (1985), "The Duration of an Action-Real or Aspectual? The Evolution of the Present Tense in Tamil", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 105 (2): 277–291, doi:10.2307/601707, JSTOR 601707 at pp. 284–285
- Steever, S. B.; Britto, F. (1988), "Diglossia: A Study of the Theory, with Application to Tamil", Language, 64 (1): 152–155, doi:10.2307/414796, JSTOR 414796
- Fowler, Murray (1954), "The Segmental Phonemes of Sanskritized Tamil", Language, 30 (3): 360–367, doi:10.2307/410134, JSTOR 410134 at p. 360.
- Zvelebil, K. V. (April–June 1972), "Dravidian Case-Suffixes: Attempt at a Reconstruction", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 92 (2): 272–276, doi:10.2307/600654, JSTOR 600654,
The entire problem of the concept of "case" in Dravidian will be ignored in this paper. In fact, we might posit a great number of "cases" for perhaps any Dravidian language once we departed from the familiar types of paradigms forced upon us by traditional, indigenous and European grammars, especially of the literary languages. It is, for instance, sheer convention based on Tamil grammatical tradition (influenced no doubt by Sanskrit) that, as a rule, the number of cases in Tamil is given as eight.
- Vaidyanathan, S. (1967), "Indo-Aryan Loan Words in the Cīvakacintāmaṇi", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 87 (4): 430–434, doi:10.2307/597587, JSTOR 597587
- See Ramaswamy's analysis of one such text, the Tamiḻ viṭututu, in Ramaswamy, S. (1998), "Language of the People in the World of Gods: Ideologies of Tamil before the Nation", The Journal of Asian Studies, 57 (1): 66–92, doi:10.2307/2659024, JSTOR 2659024, S2CID 162469583
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- Stein, B. (1977), "Circulation and the Historical Geography of Tamil Country", The Journal of Asian Studies, 37 (1): 7–26, doi:10.2307/2053325, JSTOR 2053325, S2CID 144599197. "Tamil is one of the two longest-surviving classical languages in India" (p. 7).
- Abraham, S.A. (2003), "Chera, Chola, Pandya: Using Archaeological Evidence to Identify the Tamil Kingdoms of Early Historic South India" (PDF), Asian Perspectives, 42 (2): 207, doi:10.1353/asi.2003.0031, hdl:10125/17189, S2CID 153420843
- Maloney, C. (1970), "The Beginnings of Civilization in South India", The Journal of Asian Studies, 29 (3): 603–616, doi:10.2307/2943246, JSTOR 2943246, S2CID 162291987 at p. 610
- Menon, A. G. (2009), "Some observations on the sub-group Tamil-Malayalam: Differential realizations of the cluster * ṉt", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 53: 87, doi:10.1017/S0041977X00021285, S2CID 131480876
- Kuiper 1958, p. 194 Kuiper, F. B. J. (1958), "Two problems of old Tamil phonology I. The old Tamil āytam (with an appendix by K. Zvelebil)", Indo-Iranian Journal, 2 (3): 191–224, doi:10.1007/BF00162818 (inactive 12 July 2025), S2CID 161402102
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link) - Kuiper 1958, pp. 213–215 Kuiper, F. B. J. (1958), "Two problems of old Tamil phonology I. The old Tamil āytam (with an appendix by K. Zvelebil)", Indo-Iranian Journal, 2 (3): 191–224, doi:10.1007/BF00162818 (inactive 12 July 2025), S2CID 161402102
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link) - Kandiah, T. (1978), "Standard Language and Socio-Historical Parameters: Standard Lankan Tamil", International Journal of the Sociology of Language (16), doi:10.1515/ijsl.1978.16.59, S2CID 143499414 at pp. 65–69
- Ramaswamy, S. (2009), "En/gendering Language: The Poetics of Tamil Identity", Comparative Studies in Society and History, 35 (4): 683, doi:10.1017/S0010417500018673, S2CID 145729544
- Trautmann, Thomas R. (1999), "Hullabaloo About Telugu", South Asia Research, 19 (1): 53–70, doi:10.1177/026272809901900104, S2CID 144334963 at p. 64
- See Ramaswamy's analysis of one such text, the Tamiḻ viṭututu, in Ramaswamy, S. (1998), "Language of the People in the World of Gods: Ideologies of Tamil before the Nation", The Journal of Asian Studies, 57 (1): 66–92, doi:10.2307/2659024, JSTOR 2659024, S2CID 162469583
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Members of the committee felt that the pressure was being brought on it because of the compulsions of the Congress and the UPA government to appease its ally, M. Karunanidhi's DMK.
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