Tanzimat (English Wikipedia)

Maksudyan, Nazan (2019). "review of This Is a Man's World?: On Fathers and Architects: Talaat Pasha father of modern Turkey, architect of genocide, by Hans-Lukas Kieser, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2018". Journal of Genocide Research. 21 (4): 540–544. doi:10.1080/14623528.2019.1613816. S2CID 181910618.
Deringil, Selim (1993). "The Invention of Tradition as Public Image in the Late Ottoman Empire, 1808 to 1908". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 35 (1): 3–29. doi:10.1017/S0010417500018247. S2CID 145056061. (Jan. 1993), pp. 3-29
Kawtharani, Wajih (April 2018). "The Ottoman Tanzimat and the Constitution". AlMuntaqa. 1 (1): 51–65. doi:10.31430/almuntaqa.1.1.0051. JSTOR 10.31430/almuntaqa.1.1.0051 – via JSTOR.
Ayteki̇n, Atti̇la (August 2012). "Peasant Protest in the Late Ottoman Empire: Moral Economy, Revolt, and the Tanzimat Reforms". International Review of Social History. 57 (2): 191–257. doi:10.1017/S0020859012000193. S2CID 145729675 – via JSTOR.
Deringil, Selim (July 2003). "There Is No Compulsion in Religion': On Conversion and Apostasy in the Late Ottoman Empire: 1839–1856". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 42 (3): 547–575. doi:10.1017/S0010417500002930. S2CID 146795365.
Makdisi, Ussama (2000). "Corrupting the Sublime Sultanate: The Revolt of Tanyus Shahin in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 42 (1): 180–208. doi:10.1017/S0010417500002644. S2CID 143901523.

faith-matters.org

Padişahı, İlklerin (July 2011). "Sultan Abdülmecid". NTV Tarih (in Turkish). pp. 46–55. Archived from the original on 2013-02-12.

"History of the Ottoman Bank". obarsiv.com. Archived from the original on 2012-06-14.

"PTT Chronology" (in Turkish). PTT Genel Müdürlüğü. 13 September 2008. Archived from the original on 13 September 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
"History of the Turkish Postal Service". Ptt.gov.tr. Retrieved 6 November 2011.

Maksudyan, Nazan (2019). "review of This Is a Man's World?: On Fathers and Architects: Talaat Pasha father of modern Turkey, architect of genocide, by Hans-Lukas Kieser, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2018". Journal of Genocide Research. 21 (4): 540–544. doi:10.1080/14623528.2019.1613816. S2CID 181910618.
Deringil, Selim (1993). "The Invention of Tradition as Public Image in the Late Ottoman Empire, 1808 to 1908". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 35 (1): 3–29. doi:10.1017/S0010417500018247. S2CID 145056061. (Jan. 1993), pp. 3-29
Ayteki̇n, Atti̇la (August 2012). "Peasant Protest in the Late Ottoman Empire: Moral Economy, Revolt, and the Tanzimat Reforms". International Review of Social History. 57 (2): 191–257. doi:10.1017/S0020859012000193. S2CID 145729675 – via JSTOR.
Deringil, Selim (July 2003). "There Is No Compulsion in Religion': On Conversion and Apostasy in the Late Ottoman Empire: 1839–1856". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 42 (3): 547–575. doi:10.1017/S0010417500002930. S2CID 146795365.
Makdisi, Ussama (2000). "Corrupting the Sublime Sultanate: The Revolt of Tanyus Shahin in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 42 (1): 180–208. doi:10.1017/S0010417500002644. S2CID 143901523.

Movsesian, Mark (2010-05-05). "Elusive Equality: The Armenian Genocide and the Failure of Ottoman Legal Reform". Rochester, NY. SSRN 1600745. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

Strauss, Johann (2010). "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the Kanun-ı Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages". In Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif (eds.). The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy. Würzburg: Orient-Institut Istanbul. pp. 21–51.

"PTT Chronology" (in Turkish). PTT Genel Müdürlüğü. 13 September 2008. Archived from the original on 13 September 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
Padişahı, İlklerin (July 2011). "Sultan Abdülmecid". NTV Tarih (in Turkish). pp. 46–55. Archived from the original on 2013-02-12.
"History of the Ottoman Bank". obarsiv.com. Archived from the original on 2012-06-14.
"History of the Istanbul Stock Exchange". Archived from the original on 2012-02-25.

Cleveland & Bunton 2012, p. 82. Cleveland, William L.; Bunton, Martin P. (4 December 2012). A history of the modern Middle East (Fifth ed.). Boulder, CO. ISBN 978-0-8133-4833-9. OCLC 813691473.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Cleveland & Bunton 2012, p. 84. Cleveland, William L.; Bunton, Martin P. (4 December 2012). A history of the modern Middle East (Fifth ed.). Boulder, CO. ISBN 978-0-8133-4833-9. OCLC 813691473.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)