Taurine (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Taurine" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

36nih.gov

4^th place

34doi.org

2^nd place

7harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

5web.archive.org

1^st place

4worldcat.org

5^th place

4semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

4archive.org

6^th place

2researchgate.net

120^th place

125^th place

1oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

3,593^rd place

3,273^rd place

1oup.com

485^th place

440^th place

1fda.gov

447^th place

338^th place

1drugs.com

399^th place

333^rd place

1zenodo.org

621^st place

380^th place

1physiology.org

5,293^rd place

7,651^st place

1fupress.net

low place

1jst.go.jp

1,903^rd place

2,346^th place

1sagepub.com

731^st place

638^th place

1europa.eu

68^th place

117^th place

1ucdavis.edu

1,873^rd place

1,347^th place

1science.org

1,160^th place

737^th place

1maxshouse.com

low place

archive.org

Lehninger AL, Nelson DL, Cox MM (2013). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (6th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman. p. 730. ISBN 978-1-4292-3414-6. Retrieved July 7, 2025 – via Internet Archive.
Voet D, Voet JG, Pratt CW (2013). Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecular Level (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-118-12918-0. Retrieved July 7, 2025 – via Internet Archive.
Hendler SS (1990). The Doctors' Vitamin and Mineral Encyclopedia. Simon & Schuster. p. 208. ISBN 978-0671667849. Retrieved July 7, 2025 – via Internet Archive.

ia800805.us.archive.org

Demarcay H (1838). "Ueber die natur der Galle" (PDF). Journal für Praktische Chemie 15, no. 1 (1838): 193-212. Retrieved 7 July 2025.

doi.org

Schuller-Levis GB, Park E (September 2003). "Taurine: new implications for an old amino acid". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 226 (2): 195–202. doi:10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00611-6. PMID 14553911. Archived from the original on 23 November 2024.
Knopf K, Sturman JA, Armstrong M, Hayes KC (May 1978). "Taurine: an essential nutrient for the cat". The Journal of Nutrition. 108 (5): 773–778. doi:10.1093/jn/108.5.773. PMID 641594.
EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (2012). "Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of taurine as a feed additive for all animal species". EFSA Journal. 10 (6): 2736. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2736.
Tiedemann F, Gmelin L (1827). "Einige neue Bestandtheile der Galle des Ochsen". Annalen der Physik. 85 (2): 326–337. Bibcode:1827AnP....85..326T. doi:10.1002/andp.18270850214.
Huxtable RJ (January 1992). "Physiological actions of taurine". Physiological Reviews. 72 (1): 101–163. doi:10.1152/physrev.1992.72.1.101. PMID 1731369. S2CID 27844955.
Lambert IH (2004). "Regulation of the Cellular Content of the Organic Osmolyte Taurine in Mammalian Cells". Neurochemical Research. 29 (1): 27–63. doi:10.1023/b:nere.0000010433.08577.96. PMID 14992263.
Kataoka H, Ohnishi N (1986). "Occurrence of Taurine in Plants". Agricultural and Biological Chemistry. 50 (7): 1887–1888. doi:10.1271/bbb1961.50.1887.
McCusker S, Buff PR, Yu Z, Fascetti AJ (2014). "Amino acid content of selected plant, algae and insect species: a search for alternative protein sources for use in pet foods". Journal of Nutritional Science. 3 e39. doi:10.1017/jns.2014.33. ISSN 2048-6790. PMC 4473169. PMID 26101608.
Görbitz CH, Prydz K, Ugland S (2000). "Taurine". Acta Crystallographica Section C. 56 (1): e23 – e24. Bibcode:2000AcCrC..56E..23G. doi:10.1107/S0108270199016029.
Irving CS, Hammer BE, Danyluk SS, Klein PD (October 1980). "13C nuclear magnetic resonance study of the complexation of calcium by taurine". Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 13 (2): 137–150. doi:10.1016/S0162-0134(00)80117-8. PMID 7431022.
Sumizu K (September 1962). "Oxidation of hypotaurine in rat liver". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 63: 210–212. doi:10.1016/0006-3002(62)90357-8. PMID 13979247.
Machlin LJ, Pearson PB, Denton CA (1955). "The Utilization of Sulfate Sulfur for the Synthesis of Taurine in the Developing Chick Embryo". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 212 (1): 469–475. doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)71134-4. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 13233249.
Sass NL, Martin WG (1972-03-01). "The Synthesis of Taurine from Sulfate III. Further Evidence for the Enzymatic Pathway in Chick Liver". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 139 (3). New York, N.Y.: 755–761. doi:10.3181/00379727-139-36232. ISSN 1535-3702. PMID 5023763. S2CID 77903.
Kosswig K (2000). "Sulfonic Acids, Aliphatic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a25_503. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
Tully PS (2000). "Sulfonic Acids". In PS T (ed.). Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. doi:10.1002/0471238961.1921120620211212.a01. ISBN 978-0-471-23896-6.
Marvel CS, Bailey CF, Cortese F (1938). "Taurine". Organic Syntheses. 18: 77. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.018.0077.
Brosnan JT, Brosnan ME (June 2006). "The sulfur-containing amino acids: an overview". The Journal of Nutrition. 136 (6 Suppl): 1636S – 1640S. doi:10.1093/jn/136.6.1636S. PMID 16702333.
Jacobson SG, Kemp CM, Borruat FX, Chaitin MH, Faulkner DJ (October 1987). "Rhodopsin topography and rod-mediated function in cats with the retinal degeneration of taurine deficiency". Experimental Eye Research. 45 (4): 481–490. doi:10.1016/S0014-4835(87)80059-3. PMID 3428381.
Spitze AR, Wong DL, Rogers QR, Fascetti AJ (Aug 2003). "Taurine concentrations in animal feed ingredients; cooking influences taurine content" (PDF). Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 87 (7–8): 251–262. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0396.2003.00434.x. PMID 12864905. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
dos Santos BA, Campagnol PC, Morgano MA, Pollonio MA (January 2014). "Monosodium glutamate, disodium inosinate, disodium guanylate, lysine and taurine improve the sensory quality of fermented cooked sausages with 50% and 75% replacement of NaCl with KCl". Meat Science. 96 (1): 509–513. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.08.024. PMID 24008059.
Heird WC (November 2004). "Taurine in neonatal nutrition – revisited". Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 89 (6): F473 – F474. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.055095. PMC 1721777. PMID 15499132.
Kurtz JA, VanDusseldorp TA, Doyle JA, Otis, JS (May 2021). "Taurine in sports and exercise". Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 18 (1): 39. doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00438-0. PMC 8152067. PMID 34039357.
Shao A, Hathcock JN (April 2008). "Risk assessment for the amino acids taurine, L-glutamine and L-arginine". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 50 (3): 376–399. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.01.004. PMID 18325648. the newer method described as the Observed Safe Level (OSL) or Highest Observed Intake (HOI) was utilized. The OSL risk assessments indicate that based on the available published human clinical trial data, the evidence for the absence of adverse effects is strong for taurine at supplemental intakes up to 3 g/day, glutamine at intakes up to 14 g/day and arginine at intakes up to 20 g/day, and these levels are identified as the respective OSLs for normal healthy adults.
Clauson KA, Shields KM, McQueen CE, Persad N (2008). "Safety issues associated with commercially available energy drinks". Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 48 (3): e55–63, quiz e64–7. doi:10.1331/JAPhA.2008.07055. PMID 18595815. S2CID 207262028.
Hayes KC, Carey RE, Schmidt SY (1975). "Retinal Degeneration Associated with Taurine Deficiency in the Cat". Science. 188 (4191). New York, N.Y.: 949–951. Bibcode:1975Sci...188..949H. doi:10.1126/science.1138364. PMID 1138364.
Hayes KC, Carey RE, Schmidt SY (May 1975). "Retinal degeneration associated with taurine deficiency in the cat". Science. 188 (4191). New York, N.Y.: 949–951. Bibcode:1975Sci...188..949H. doi:10.1126/science.1138364. PMID 1138364.
Pion PD, Kittleson MD, Rogers QR, Morris JG (August 1987). "Myocardial failure in cats associated with low plasma taurine: a reversible cardiomyopathy". Science. 237 (4816). New York, N.Y.: 764–768. Bibcode:1987Sci...237..764P. doi:10.1126/science.3616607. PMID 3616607.
Burger IH, Barnett KC (1982). "The taurine requirement of the adult cat". Journal of Small Animal Practice. 23 (9): 533–537. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1982.tb02514.x.
Schaffer SW, Ito T, Azuma J (January 2014). "Clinical significance of taurine". Amino Acids. 46 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1007/s00726-013-1632-8. PMID 24337931. (abstracts of animal citations used to provide list of species)
Arnold KE, Ramsay SL, Donaldson C, Adam A (October 2007). "Parental prey selection affects risk-taking behaviour and spatial learning in avian offspring". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 274 (1625): 2563–2569. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0687. PMC 2275882. PMID 17698490.
Surai P, Kochish I, Kidd M (February 2020). "Taurine in poultry nutrition". Animal Feed Science and Technology. 260 114339. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114339. S2CID 209599794.
Salze GP, Davis DA (February 2015). "Taurine: a critical nutrient for future fish feeds". Aquaculture. 437: 215–229. Bibcode:2015Aquac.437..215S. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.12.006.
Sampath WW, Rathnayake RM, Yang M, Zhang W, Mai K (November 2020). "Roles of dietary taurine in fish nutrition". Marine Life Science & Technology. 2 (4): 360–375. Bibcode:2020MLST....2..360S. doi:10.1007/s42995-020-00051-1.
Suzuki T, Suzuki T, Wada T, Saigo K, Watanabe K (December 2002). "Taurine as a constituent of mitochondrial tRNAs: new insights into the functions of taurine and human mitochondrial diseases". The EMBO Journal. 21 (23): 6581–6589. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf656. PMC 136959. PMID 12456664.

drugs.com

"Taurine". Drugs.com. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2023.

europa.eu

ec.europa.eu

"Opinion on Caffeine, Taurine and D-Glucurono –γ-Lactone as constituents of so-called 'energy' drinks". Directorate-General Health and Consumers, European Commission, European Union. 1999-01-21. Archived from the original on 2006-06-23.

fda.gov

"Daily Value on the New Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". US Food and Drug Administration. 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2023.

fupress.net

riviste.fupress.net

Ronalds BF (2019). "Bringing Together Academic and Industrial Chemistry: Edmund Ronalds' Contribution". Substantia. 3 (1): 139–152. Retrieved 7 April 2025.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Tiedemann F, Gmelin L (1827). "Einige neue Bestandtheile der Galle des Ochsen". Annalen der Physik. 85 (2): 326–337. Bibcode:1827AnP....85..326T. doi:10.1002/andp.18270850214.
Görbitz CH, Prydz K, Ugland S (2000). "Taurine". Acta Crystallographica Section C. 56 (1): e23 – e24. Bibcode:2000AcCrC..56E..23G. doi:10.1107/S0108270199016029.
Hayes KC, Carey RE, Schmidt SY (1975). "Retinal Degeneration Associated with Taurine Deficiency in the Cat". Science. 188 (4191). New York, N.Y.: 949–951. Bibcode:1975Sci...188..949H. doi:10.1126/science.1138364. PMID 1138364.
Hayes KC, Carey RE, Schmidt SY (May 1975). "Retinal degeneration associated with taurine deficiency in the cat". Science. 188 (4191). New York, N.Y.: 949–951. Bibcode:1975Sci...188..949H. doi:10.1126/science.1138364. PMID 1138364.
Pion PD, Kittleson MD, Rogers QR, Morris JG (August 1987). "Myocardial failure in cats associated with low plasma taurine: a reversible cardiomyopathy". Science. 237 (4816). New York, N.Y.: 764–768. Bibcode:1987Sci...237..764P. doi:10.1126/science.3616607. PMID 3616607.
Salze GP, Davis DA (February 2015). "Taurine: a critical nutrient for future fish feeds". Aquaculture. 437: 215–229. Bibcode:2015Aquac.437..215S. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.12.006.
Sampath WW, Rathnayake RM, Yang M, Zhang W, Mai K (November 2020). "Roles of dietary taurine in fish nutrition". Marine Life Science & Technology. 2 (4): 360–375. Bibcode:2020MLST....2..360S. doi:10.1007/s42995-020-00051-1.

jst.go.jp

jstage.jst.go.jp

Kataoka H, Ohnishi N (1986). "Occurrence of Taurine in Plants". Agricultural and Biological Chemistry. 50 (7): 1887–1888. doi:10.1271/bbb1961.50.1887.

maxshouse.com

"AAFCO Cat Food Nutrient Profiles". Archived from the original on 2015-05-29. Retrieved 30 May 2015.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Schuller-Levis GB, Park E (September 2003). "Taurine: new implications for an old amino acid". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 226 (2): 195–202. doi:10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00611-6. PMID 14553911. Archived from the original on 23 November 2024.
Ripps H, Shen W (12 November 2012). "Taurine: A "Very Essential" Amino Acid" (review). Molecular Vision. 18: 2673–2686. PMC 3501277. PMID 23170060.
Knopf K, Sturman JA, Armstrong M, Hayes KC (May 1978). "Taurine: an essential nutrient for the cat". The Journal of Nutrition. 108 (5): 773–778. doi:10.1093/jn/108.5.773. PMID 641594.
Ripps H, Shen W (2012). "Review: taurine: a "very essential" amino acid". Molecular Vision. 18: 2673–2686. ISSN 1090-0535. PMC 3501277. PMID 23170060.
Huxtable RJ (January 1992). "Physiological actions of taurine". Physiological Reviews. 72 (1): 101–163. doi:10.1152/physrev.1992.72.1.101. PMID 1731369. S2CID 27844955.
Lambert IH (2004). "Regulation of the Cellular Content of the Organic Osmolyte Taurine in Mammalian Cells". Neurochemical Research. 29 (1): 27–63. doi:10.1023/b:nere.0000010433.08577.96. PMID 14992263.
McCusker S, Buff PR, Yu Z, Fascetti AJ (2014). "Amino acid content of selected plant, algae and insect species: a search for alternative protein sources for use in pet foods". Journal of Nutritional Science. 3 e39. doi:10.1017/jns.2014.33. ISSN 2048-6790. PMC 4473169. PMID 26101608.
Irving CS, Hammer BE, Danyluk SS, Klein PD (October 1980). "13C nuclear magnetic resonance study of the complexation of calcium by taurine". Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 13 (2): 137–150. doi:10.1016/S0162-0134(00)80117-8. PMID 7431022.
Sumizu K (September 1962). "Oxidation of hypotaurine in rat liver". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 63: 210–212. doi:10.1016/0006-3002(62)90357-8. PMID 13979247.
Ripps H, Shen W (2012). "Review: taurine: a "very essential" amino acid". Molecular Vision. 18: 2673–2686. PMC 3501277. PMID 23170060.
Machlin LJ, Pearson PB, Denton CA (1955). "The Utilization of Sulfate Sulfur for the Synthesis of Taurine in the Developing Chick Embryo". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 212 (1): 469–475. doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)71134-4. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 13233249.
Sass NL, Martin WG (1972-03-01). "The Synthesis of Taurine from Sulfate III. Further Evidence for the Enzymatic Pathway in Chick Liver". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 139 (3). New York, N.Y.: 755–761. doi:10.3181/00379727-139-36232. ISSN 1535-3702. PMID 5023763. S2CID 77903.
Brosnan JT, Brosnan ME (June 2006). "The sulfur-containing amino acids: an overview". The Journal of Nutrition. 136 (6 Suppl): 1636S – 1640S. doi:10.1093/jn/136.6.1636S. PMID 16702333.
Jacobson SG, Kemp CM, Borruat FX, Chaitin MH, Faulkner DJ (October 1987). "Rhodopsin topography and rod-mediated function in cats with the retinal degeneration of taurine deficiency". Experimental Eye Research. 45 (4): 481–490. doi:10.1016/S0014-4835(87)80059-3. PMID 3428381.
Spitze AR, Wong DL, Rogers QR, Fascetti AJ (Aug 2003). "Taurine concentrations in animal feed ingredients; cooking influences taurine content" (PDF). Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 87 (7–8): 251–262. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0396.2003.00434.x. PMID 12864905. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
dos Santos BA, Campagnol PC, Morgano MA, Pollonio MA (January 2014). "Monosodium glutamate, disodium inosinate, disodium guanylate, lysine and taurine improve the sensory quality of fermented cooked sausages with 50% and 75% replacement of NaCl with KCl". Meat Science. 96 (1): 509–513. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.08.024. PMID 24008059.
Heird WC (November 2004). "Taurine in neonatal nutrition – revisited". Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 89 (6): F473 – F474. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.055095. PMC 1721777. PMID 15499132.
Kurtz JA, VanDusseldorp TA, Doyle JA, Otis, JS (May 2021). "Taurine in sports and exercise". Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 18 (1): 39. doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00438-0. PMC 8152067. PMID 34039357.
Shao A, Hathcock JN (April 2008). "Risk assessment for the amino acids taurine, L-glutamine and L-arginine". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 50 (3): 376–399. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.01.004. PMID 18325648. the newer method described as the Observed Safe Level (OSL) or Highest Observed Intake (HOI) was utilized. The OSL risk assessments indicate that based on the available published human clinical trial data, the evidence for the absence of adverse effects is strong for taurine at supplemental intakes up to 3 g/day, glutamine at intakes up to 14 g/day and arginine at intakes up to 20 g/day, and these levels are identified as the respective OSLs for normal healthy adults.
Clauson KA, Shields KM, McQueen CE, Persad N (2008). "Safety issues associated with commercially available energy drinks". Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 48 (3): e55–63, quiz e64–7. doi:10.1331/JAPhA.2008.07055. PMID 18595815. S2CID 207262028.
Hayes KC, Carey RE, Schmidt SY (1975). "Retinal Degeneration Associated with Taurine Deficiency in the Cat". Science. 188 (4191). New York, N.Y.: 949–951. Bibcode:1975Sci...188..949H. doi:10.1126/science.1138364. PMID 1138364.
Hayes KC, Carey RE, Schmidt SY (May 1975). "Retinal degeneration associated with taurine deficiency in the cat". Science. 188 (4191). New York, N.Y.: 949–951. Bibcode:1975Sci...188..949H. doi:10.1126/science.1138364. PMID 1138364.
Pion PD, Kittleson MD, Rogers QR, Morris JG (August 1987). "Myocardial failure in cats associated with low plasma taurine: a reversible cardiomyopathy". Science. 237 (4816). New York, N.Y.: 764–768. Bibcode:1987Sci...237..764P. doi:10.1126/science.3616607. PMID 3616607.
Schaffer SW, Ito T, Azuma J (January 2014). "Clinical significance of taurine". Amino Acids. 46 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1007/s00726-013-1632-8. PMID 24337931. (abstracts of animal citations used to provide list of species)
Arnold KE, Ramsay SL, Donaldson C, Adam A (October 2007). "Parental prey selection affects risk-taking behaviour and spatial learning in avian offspring". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 274 (1625): 2563–2569. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0687. PMC 2275882. PMID 17698490.
Suzuki T, Suzuki T, Wada T, Saigo K, Watanabe K (December 2002). "Taurine as a constituent of mitochondrial tRNAs: new insights into the functions of taurine and human mitochondrial diseases". The EMBO Journal. 21 (23): 6581–6589. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf656. PMC 136959. PMID 12456664.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ripps H, Shen W (12 November 2012). "Taurine: A "Very Essential" Amino Acid" (review). Molecular Vision. 18: 2673–2686. PMC 3501277. PMID 23170060.
Ripps H, Shen W (2012). "Review: taurine: a "very essential" amino acid". Molecular Vision. 18: 2673–2686. ISSN 1090-0535. PMC 3501277. PMID 23170060.
McCusker S, Buff PR, Yu Z, Fascetti AJ (2014). "Amino acid content of selected plant, algae and insect species: a search for alternative protein sources for use in pet foods". Journal of Nutritional Science. 3 e39. doi:10.1017/jns.2014.33. ISSN 2048-6790. PMC 4473169. PMID 26101608.
Ripps H, Shen W (2012). "Review: taurine: a "very essential" amino acid". Molecular Vision. 18: 2673–2686. PMC 3501277. PMID 23170060.
Heird WC (November 2004). "Taurine in neonatal nutrition – revisited". Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 89 (6): F473 – F474. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.055095. PMC 1721777. PMID 15499132.
Kurtz JA, VanDusseldorp TA, Doyle JA, Otis, JS (May 2021). "Taurine in sports and exercise". Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 18 (1): 39. doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00438-0. PMC 8152067. PMID 34039357.
Arnold KE, Ramsay SL, Donaldson C, Adam A (October 2007). "Parental prey selection affects risk-taking behaviour and spatial learning in avian offspring". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 274 (1625): 2563–2569. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0687. PMC 2275882. PMID 17698490.
Suzuki T, Suzuki T, Wada T, Saigo K, Watanabe K (December 2002). "Taurine as a constituent of mitochondrial tRNAs: new insights into the functions of taurine and human mitochondrial diseases". The EMBO Journal. 21 (23): 6581–6589. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf656. PMC 136959. PMID 12456664.

pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

"Taurine". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 6 July 2025.
"Taurine". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 25 May 2024. Retrieved 31 May 2024.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Schuller-Levis GB, Park E (September 2003). "Taurine: new implications for an old amino acid". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 226 (2): 195–202. doi:10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00611-6. PMID 14553911. Archived from the original on 23 November 2024.

oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

"Oxford Learner's Dictionaries -- Taurine". Oxford Learner's Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2025.

physiology.org

journals.physiology.org

Huxtable RJ (January 1992). "Physiological actions of taurine". Physiological Reviews. 72 (1): 101–163. doi:10.1152/physrev.1992.72.1.101. PMID 1731369. S2CID 27844955.

researchgate.net

Knopf K, Sturman JA, Armstrong M, Hayes KC (May 1978). "Taurine: an essential nutrient for the cat". The Journal of Nutrition. 108 (5): 773–778. doi:10.1093/jn/108.5.773. PMID 641594.
Sampath WW, Rathnayake RM, Yang M, Zhang W, Mai K (November 2020). "Roles of dietary taurine in fish nutrition". Marine Life Science & Technology. 2 (4): 360–375. Bibcode:2020MLST....2..360S. doi:10.1007/s42995-020-00051-1.

sagepub.com

ebm.sagepub.com

Sass NL, Martin WG (1972-03-01). "The Synthesis of Taurine from Sulfate III. Further Evidence for the Enzymatic Pathway in Chick Liver". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 139 (3). New York, N.Y.: 755–761. doi:10.3181/00379727-139-36232. ISSN 1535-3702. PMID 5023763. S2CID 77903.

science.org

Hayes KC, Carey RE, Schmidt SY (1975). "Retinal Degeneration Associated with Taurine Deficiency in the Cat". Science. 188 (4191). New York, N.Y.: 949–951. Bibcode:1975Sci...188..949H. doi:10.1126/science.1138364. PMID 1138364.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Huxtable RJ (January 1992). "Physiological actions of taurine". Physiological Reviews. 72 (1): 101–163. doi:10.1152/physrev.1992.72.1.101. PMID 1731369. S2CID 27844955.
Sass NL, Martin WG (1972-03-01). "The Synthesis of Taurine from Sulfate III. Further Evidence for the Enzymatic Pathway in Chick Liver". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 139 (3). New York, N.Y.: 755–761. doi:10.3181/00379727-139-36232. ISSN 1535-3702. PMID 5023763. S2CID 77903.
Clauson KA, Shields KM, McQueen CE, Persad N (2008). "Safety issues associated with commercially available energy drinks". Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 48 (3): e55–63, quiz e64–7. doi:10.1331/JAPhA.2008.07055. PMID 18595815. S2CID 207262028.
Surai P, Kochish I, Kidd M (February 2020). "Taurine in poultry nutrition". Animal Feed Science and Technology. 260 114339. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114339. S2CID 209599794.

ucdavis.edu

vetmed.ucdavis.edu

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