Telecommunications (English Wikipedia)

"Telecommunications and Networking" (PDF). Atlantic International University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 January 2025. Retrieved 14 June 2026.

amta.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ten Years of GSM in Australia". Australia Telecommunications Association. 2003. Archived from the original on 20 July 2008.

arcelect.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Fiber Optic Cable single-mode multi-mode Tutorial". ARC Electronics. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2023.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Haykin, Simon (2001). Communication Systems (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–3. ISBN 978-0-471-17869-9.
Ambardar, Ashok (1999). Analog and Digital Signal Processing (2nd ed.). Brooks. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-0-534-95409-3.
Stallings, William (2004). Data and Computer Communications (7th intl ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 337–66. ISBN 978-0-13-183311-1.
Stallings, William (2004). Data and Computer Communications (7th intl ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-183311-1.

arstechnica.com (Global: 473^rd place; English: 338^th place)

Reimer, Jeremy (15 December 2005). "Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2023.

atis.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"ATIS Telecom Glossary 2000". ATIS Committee T1A1 Performance and Signal Processing (approved by the American National Standards Institute). 28 February 2001. Archived from the original on 2 March 2008.

att.com (Global: low place; English: 7,681^st place)

"History of AT&T". AT&T. Archived from the original on 14 January 2003.
"Milestones in AT&T History". AT&T Knowledge Ventures. 2006. Archived from the original on 6 September 2008.

aweray.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

aweseed.aweray.com

"What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)?-AweSeed". aweseed.aweray.com. Retrieved 14 June 2026.

axios.com (Global: 1,139^th place; English: 623^rd place)

McGill, Margaret Harding (26 September 2022). "FCC takes long-delayed step against spam text surge". Axios. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

"Report 1946-04 – Frequency Modulation". BBC Research & Development. January 1946. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.

bc.edu (Global: 4,969^th place; English: 2,859^th place)

dissertations.bc.edu

Mireille Samaan (April 2003). The Effect of Income Inequality on Mobile Phone Penetration (Honors thesis). Boston University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2007.

bluetooth.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR Archived 14 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine (p. 27), Bluetooth, 2004.

britainexpress.com (Global: low place; English: 8,677^th place)

Ross, David. "The Spanish Armada". Britain Express. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2007.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Electron tube | Vacuum Tubes, Cathode Rays, & Applications | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 14 June 2026.

businessinsider.com (Global: 201^st place; English: 139^th place)

Hall, Madison. "Robocallers are preying on the elderly with fake Medicare calls. It's a no-brainer to stop it, but nobody has". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.

ccgrouppr.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Online News: For many home broadband users, the internet is a primary news source" (PDF). Pew Internet Project. 22 March 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2013.

cisco.com (Global: 5,047^th place; English: 3,553^rd place)

"Fundamentals of DWDM Technology" (PDF). Cisco Systems. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2012.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

"How do you know your love is real? Check Facebook". CNN. 4 April 2008. Archived from the original on 6 November 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2009.

connected-earth.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Connected Earth: The telephone". BT. 2006. Archived from the original on 22 August 2006.

conwire.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Coax Cable FAQ Series: What is RG Cable? – Conwire". Conwire. 12 January 2016. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.

dhcp.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Droms, Ralph (November 2003). "Resources for DHCP". Archived from the original on 4 July 2007.

digitaltv.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Digital Television in Australia". Digital Television News Australia. Archived from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2023.

disco.ac (Global: low place; English: low place)

school.disco.ac

"How the music industry works 2: From recording technology to radio broadcast royalties". school.disco.ac. Retrieved 14 June 2026.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

National Research Council (2006). Renewing U.S. Telecommunications Research. Bibcode:2006nap..book11711N. doi:10.17226/11711. ISBN 978-0-309-10265-0. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
Hilbert, Martin; López, Priscila (2011). "The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information". Science. 332 (6025): 60–65. Bibcode:2011Sci...332...60H. doi:10.1126/science.1200970. PMID 21310967. S2CID 206531385.
Lenert, Edward (December 1998). "A Communication Theory Perspective on Telecommunications Policy". Journal of Communication. 48 (4): 3–23. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1998.tb02767.x.
Röller, Lars-Hendrik; Leonard Waverman (2001). "Telecommunications Infrastructure and Economic Development: A Simultaneous Approach". American Economic Review. 91 (4): 909–23. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.202.9393. doi:10.1257/aer.91.4.909. ISSN 0002-8282. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Riaz, Ali (1997). "The role of telecommunications in economic growth: proposal for an alternative framework of analysis". Media, Culture & Society. 19 (4): 557–83. doi:10.1177/016344397019004004. S2CID 154398428.
Fischer, Claude S. (January 1988). "Touch Someone: The Telephone Industry Discovers Sociability". Technology and Culture. 29 (1): 32–61. doi:10.2307/3105226. JSTOR 3105226. S2CID 146820965..
Codding, George A. (1955). "Jamming and the Protection of Frequency Assignments". American Journal of International Law. 49 (3): 384–388. doi:10.1017/S0002930000170046. JSTOR 2194872..
Mbarika, V.W.A.; Mbarika, I. (2006). "Africa calling [African wireless connection]". IEEE Spectrum. 43 (5): 56–60. doi:10.1109/MSPEC.2006.1628825. S2CID 30385268.

du.edu (Global: 9,571^st place; English: 6,099^th place)

Calvert, J. B. (19 May 2004). "The Electromagnetic Telegraph". Archived from the original on 16 June 2001.

dvb.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Audio". Digital Video Broadcasting Project. 2003. Archived from the original on 27 September 2006.

dynamix.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"HDV Technology Handbook" (PDF). Sony. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2006.

ec-lyon.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

chappe.ec-lyon.fr

"Les Télégraphes Chappe". Cédrick Chatenet. l'Ecole Centrale de Lyon. 2003. Archived from the original on 9 April 2004.

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

ideas.economist.com

"video animation". The Economist. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012.

eff.org (Global: 4,491^st place; English: 3,102^nd place)

Cyphers, Bennett (16 October 2019). "The Case for Fiber to the Home, Today: Why Fiber is a Superior Medium for 21st Century Broadband". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.

eib.org (Global: 7,617^th place; English: 5,083^rd place)

"How does a Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) work?". European Investment Bank. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.

etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; English: 670^th place)

"Online Etymology Dictionary". Archived from the original on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
"communication". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.

gao.gov (Global: 3,529^th place; English: 2,046^th place)

"Affordable Broadband: FCC Could Improve Performance Goals and Measures, Consumer Outreach, and Fraud Risk Management". www.gao.gov. February 2023. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.

gartner.com (Global: 7,063^rd place; English: 5,996^th place)

"Gartner Says Top Six Vendors Drive Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales to 21% Growth in 2005" (Press release). Gartner. 28 February 2006. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012.

hebronhawkeye.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Wheeler, Heather. "The evolution of long distance communication". The Hawk Eye. Retrieved 14 June 2026.

howstuffworks.com (Global: 1,354^th place; English: 958^th place)

electronics.howstuffworks.com

"How Radio Works". HowStuffWorks. 7 December 2000. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2023.

computer.howstuffworks.com

Jeff Tyson (2007). "How Internet Infrastructure Works". Computer.HowStuffWorks.com. Archived from the original on 10 April 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2007.

ieee.org (Global: 912^th place; English: 722^nd place)

Dilhac, Jean-Marie (2004). "From tele-communicare to Telecommunications" (PDF). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2010.

informit.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Martin, Michael (2000). "Understanding the Network". The Networker's Guide to AppleTalk, IPX, and NetBIOS (PDF). SAMS Publishing. ISBN 0-7357-0977-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2009.

internetworldstats.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"World Internet Users and Population Stats". Internet World Stats. 30 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009.

ipsos-mori.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"I Just Text To Say I Love You". Ipsos MORI. September 2005. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016.

itu.int (Global: 1,487^th place; English: 1,305^th place)

"International Telegraph Conference (Madrid, 1932)". ITU. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
"Article 1.3" (PDF), ITU Radio Regulations, International Telecommunication Union, 2012, archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2015
"CCIT/ITU-T 50 Years of Excellence" (PDF). International Telecommunication Union. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 February 2020.
"Digital Access Index (DAI)". itu.int. Archived from the original on 2 January 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2008.
"World Telecommunication Development Report 2003: Access Indicators for the Information Society: Executive Summary" (PDF). International Telecommunication Union (ITU). December 2003. p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
"International Telecommunication Union : About ITU". ITU. Archived from the original on 15 July 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2009. (PDF) Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine of regulation)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Fischer, Claude S. (January 1988). "Touch Someone: The Telephone Industry Discovers Sociability". Technology and Culture. 29 (1): 32–61. doi:10.2307/3105226. JSTOR 3105226. S2CID 146820965..
Codding, George A. (1955). "Jamming and the Protection of Frequency Assignments". American Journal of International Law. 49 (3): 384–388. doi:10.1017/S0002930000170046. JSTOR 2194872..

kerryr.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"George Stibitz (1904–1995)". www.kerryr.net. Kerry Redshaw. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2023.

lightreading.com (Global: low place; English: 9,668^th place)

Jander, Mary (15 April 2003). "Report: DWDM No Match for Sonet". Light Reading. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012.

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

"Who is credited with inventing the telephone?", published 2022-02-22, updated 2024-9-12. Science Reference Section, Library of Congress.

m247.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Advantages & Disadvantages of WAN". M247. 18 February 2025. Retrieved 14 June 2026.

meforum.org (Global: 6,050^th place; English: 4,571^st place)

Garfield, Andrew (Fall 2007). "The U.S. Counter-propaganda Failure in Iraq". Middle East Quarterly. 14 (4): 23–32. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009 – via Middle East Forum.

microsoft.com (Global: 263^rd place; English: 259^th place)

"Introduction to IPv6". Microsoft Corporation. February 2006. Archived from the original on 13 October 2008.

mztv.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Pioneers". MZTV Museum of Television. 2006. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013.

nap.edu (Global: 2,540^th place; English: 1,815^th place)

National Research Council (2006). Renewing U.S. Telecommunications Research. Bibcode:2006nap..book11711N. doi:10.17226/11711. ISBN 978-0-309-10265-0. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.

networkworld.com (Global: 5,743^rd place; English: 3,776^th place)

Dix, John (2002). "MPLS is the future, but ATM hangs on". Network World. Archived from the original on 6 July 2007.

newrocktech.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is the purpose of a telephone exchange?". www.newrocktech.com. Retrieved 14 June 2026.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hilbert, Martin; López, Priscila (2011). "The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information". Science. 332 (6025): 60–65. Bibcode:2011Sci...332...60H. doi:10.1126/science.1200970. PMID 21310967. S2CID 206531385.

nokia.com (Global: 4,428^th place; English: 3,927^th place)

"Mission-critical WAN for defense | Nokia.com". Nokia.com. Archived from the original on 8 March 2026. Retrieved 14 June 2026.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Wyatt, Edward (10 November 2014). "Obama Asks F.C.C. to Adopt Tough Net Neutrality Rules". New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
"Why the F.C.C. Should Heed President Obama on Internet Regulation". New York Times. 14 November 2014. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
Brian Stelter (13 June 2009). "Changeover to Digital TV Off to a Smooth Start". New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2017.

oberlin.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,815^th place)

"Elisha Gray". Oberlin College Archives. Electronic Oberlin Group. 2006. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017.

oecd.org (Global: 1,345^th place; English: 1,190^th place)

"OECD Broadband Statistics, December 2005". OECD. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009.

oxforddictionaries.com (Global: 1,689^th place; English: 1,562^nd place)

"Telecommunication". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2013.

palminfocenter.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Mobile Phone Sales To Exceed One Billion in 2009". Palm Infocenter. 21 July 2005. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2023.

pbs.org (Global: 260^th place; English: 176^th place)

Hoddeson, L. "The Vacuum Tube". PBS. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

plunkettresearch.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Worldwide Telecommunications Industry Revenues". Plunkett's Telecommunications Industry Almanac 2010. 1 June 2010. Archived from the original on 28 March 2010.
"Introduction to the Telecommunications Industry". Plunkett Research. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Röller, Lars-Hendrik; Leonard Waverman (2001). "Telecommunications Infrastructure and Economic Development: A Simultaneous Approach". American Economic Review. 91 (4): 909–23. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.202.9393. doi:10.1257/aer.91.4.909. ISSN 0002-8282. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

reston.va.us (Global: low place; English: low place)

cnri.reston.va.us

Kahn, Robert; Cerf, Vinton G. (December 1999). "What Is The Internet (And What Makes It Work)". Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI). Archived from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2023. Specifically see footnote xv.

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

"Chronology: Reuters, from pigeons to multimedia merger" (Web article). Reuters. 19 February 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2008.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Hilbert, Martin; López, Priscila (2011). "The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information". Science. 332 (6025): 60–65. Bibcode:2011Sci...332...60H. doi:10.1126/science.1200970. PMID 21310967. S2CID 206531385.
Riaz, Ali (1997). "The role of telecommunications in economic growth: proposal for an alternative framework of analysis". Media, Culture & Society. 19 (4): 557–83. doi:10.1177/016344397019004004. S2CID 154398428.
Fischer, Claude S. (January 1988). "Touch Someone: The Telephone Industry Discovers Sociability". Technology and Culture. 29 (1): 32–61. doi:10.2307/3105226. JSTOR 3105226. S2CID 146820965..
Mbarika, V.W.A.; Mbarika, I. (2006). "Africa calling [African wireless connection]". IEEE Spectrum. 43 (5): 56–60. doi:10.1109/MSPEC.2006.1628825. S2CID 30385268.

si.edu (Global: 256^th place; English: 197^th place)

sil.si.edu

"The Atlantic Cable". Bern Dibner. Burndy Library Inc. 1959. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017 – via Smithsonian Libraries.

tcpipguide.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kozierok, Charles M. (2005). "The TCP/IP Guide - History of the OSI Reference Model". The TCP/IP Guide. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2023.

telarus.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lazar, Irwin (22 February 2011). "The WAN Road Ahead: Ethernet or Bust?". Telecom Industry Updates. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2011.

telecomsadvice.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Multimedia, Crucible (7 May 2011). "VoIP, Voice over Internet Protocol and Internet telephone calls". Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2011.

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

"Who made the first electric telegraph communications?". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.

teslasociety.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Vujovic, Ljubo (1998). "Tesla Biography". Tesla Memorial Society of New York. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016.

thecyberskills.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Communication vs Telecommunications vs Data Communication: Best CCNA Guide on Key Differences in 3 Terms - The Cyber Skills". 11 May 2026. Retrieved 14 June 2026.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Arthur, Charles (4 March 2009). "Why falling PC sales means Windows 7 is on the way". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2023.

theodorerooseveltcenter.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"TR Center - Talking Across the Ocean". www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.

time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

Postman, Neil (29 March 1999). "Philo Farnsworth". TIME Magazine. Archived from the original on 30 September 2009.

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,187^th place; English: 756^th place)

cs.ucl.ac.uk

Bhatti, Saleem (1995). "Optical fibre waveguide". Archived from the original on 24 May 2006.

uq.edu.au (Global: 3,996^th place; English: 2,378^th place)

uqp.uq.edu.au

Blechman, Andrew (2007). Pigeons-The fascinating saga of the world's most revered and reviled bird. St Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press. ISBN 978-0-7022-3641-9. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"How does a Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) work?". European Investment Bank. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
National Research Council (2006). Renewing U.S. Telecommunications Research. Bibcode:2006nap..book11711N. doi:10.17226/11711. ISBN 978-0-309-10265-0. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
Cyphers, Bennett (16 October 2019). "The Case for Fiber to the Home, Today: Why Fiber is a Superior Medium for 21st Century Broadband". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
"International Telegraph Conference (Madrid, 1932)". ITU. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
"Article 1.3" (PDF), ITU Radio Regulations, International Telecommunication Union, 2012, archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2015
Dilhac, Jean-Marie (2004). "From tele-communicare to Telecommunications" (PDF). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2010.
"Online Etymology Dictionary". Archived from the original on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
"Telecommunication". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
"communication". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
"Telecommunications and Networking" (PDF). Atlantic International University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 January 2025. Retrieved 14 June 2026.
Blechman, Andrew (2007). Pigeons-The fascinating saga of the world's most revered and reviled bird. St Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press. ISBN 978-0-7022-3641-9. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008.
"Chronology: Reuters, from pigeons to multimedia merger" (Web article). Reuters. 19 February 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2008.
Ross, David. "The Spanish Armada". Britain Express. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2007.
"Les Télégraphes Chappe". Cédrick Chatenet. l'Ecole Centrale de Lyon. 2003. Archived from the original on 9 April 2004.
"CCIT/ITU-T 50 Years of Excellence" (PDF). International Telecommunication Union. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 February 2020.
"Who made the first electric telegraph communications?". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
Calvert, J. B. (19 May 2004). "The Electromagnetic Telegraph". Archived from the original on 16 June 2001.
"The Atlantic Cable". Bern Dibner. Burndy Library Inc. 1959. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017 – via Smithsonian Libraries.
"Elisha Gray". Oberlin College Archives. Electronic Oberlin Group. 2006. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017.
"Connected Earth: The telephone". BT. 2006. Archived from the original on 22 August 2006.
"History of AT&T". AT&T. Archived from the original on 14 January 2003.
Vujovic, Ljubo (1998). "Tesla Biography". Tesla Memorial Society of New York. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016.
"TR Center - Talking Across the Ocean". www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
"Report 1946-04 – Frequency Modulation". BBC Research & Development. January 1946. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
"The Pioneers". MZTV Museum of Television. 2006. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013.
Hoddeson, L. "The Vacuum Tube". PBS. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
Postman, Neil (29 March 1999). "Philo Farnsworth". TIME Magazine. Archived from the original on 30 September 2009.
"George Stibitz (1904–1995)". www.kerryr.net. Kerry Redshaw. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
"video animation". The Economist. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012.
"Worldwide Telecommunications Industry Revenues". Plunkett's Telecommunications Industry Almanac 2010. 1 June 2010. Archived from the original on 28 March 2010.
"Introduction to the Telecommunications Industry". Plunkett Research. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012.
"Coax Cable FAQ Series: What is RG Cable? – Conwire". Conwire. 12 January 2016. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR Archived 14 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine (p. 27), Bluetooth, 2004.
"ATIS Telecom Glossary 2000". ATIS Committee T1A1 Performance and Signal Processing (approved by the American National Standards Institute). 28 February 2001. Archived from the original on 2 March 2008.
Mireille Samaan (April 2003). The Effect of Income Inequality on Mobile Phone Penetration (Honors thesis). Boston University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2007.
Christine Zhen-Wei Qiang and Carlo M. Rossotto with Kaoru Kimura. "Economic Impacts of Broadband" (PDF). siteresources.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
"Digital Access Index (DAI)". itu.int. Archived from the original on 2 January 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2008.
"World Telecommunication Development Report 2003: Access Indicators for the Information Society: Executive Summary" (PDF). International Telecommunication Union (ITU). December 2003. p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 June 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
"How do you know your love is real? Check Facebook". CNN. 4 April 2008. Archived from the original on 6 November 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2009.
"I Just Text To Say I Love You". Ipsos MORI. September 2005. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016.
"Online News: For many home broadband users, the internet is a primary news source" (PDF). Pew Internet Project. 22 March 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2013.
"100 Leading National Advertisers" (PDF). Advertising Age. 23 June 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
"International Telecommunication Union : About ITU". ITU. Archived from the original on 15 July 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2009. (PDF) Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine of regulation)
Garfield, Andrew (Fall 2007). "The U.S. Counter-propaganda Failure in Iraq". Middle East Quarterly. 14 (4): 23–32. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009 – via Middle East Forum.
Wyatt, Edward (10 November 2014). "Obama Asks F.C.C. to Adopt Tough Net Neutrality Rules". New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
"Why the F.C.C. Should Heed President Obama on Internet Regulation". New York Times. 14 November 2014. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
McGill, Margaret Harding (26 September 2022). "FCC takes long-delayed step against spam text surge". Axios. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
Hall, Madison. "Robocallers are preying on the elderly with fake Medicare calls. It's a no-brainer to stop it, but nobody has". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
"Affordable Broadband: FCC Could Improve Performance Goals and Measures, Consumer Outreach, and Fraud Risk Management". www.gao.gov. February 2023. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
Arthur, Charles (4 March 2009). "Why falling PC sales means Windows 7 is on the way". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
"Mobile Phone Sales To Exceed One Billion in 2009". Palm Infocenter. 21 July 2005. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
Reimer, Jeremy (15 December 2005). "Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
"Gartner Says Top Six Vendors Drive Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales to 21% Growth in 2005" (Press release). Gartner. 28 February 2006. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012.
"Ten Years of GSM in Australia". Australia Telecommunications Association. 2003. Archived from the original on 20 July 2008.
"Milestones in AT&T History". AT&T Knowledge Ventures. 2006. Archived from the original on 6 September 2008.
Bhatti, Saleem (1995). "Optical fibre waveguide". Archived from the original on 24 May 2006.
"Fundamentals of DWDM Technology" (PDF). Cisco Systems. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2012.
Jander, Mary (15 April 2003). "Report: DWDM No Match for Sonet". Light Reading. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012.
Dix, John (2002). "MPLS is the future, but ATM hangs on". Network World. Archived from the original on 6 July 2007.
Lazar, Irwin (22 February 2011). "The WAN Road Ahead: Ethernet or Bust?". Telecom Industry Updates. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
"How Radio Works". HowStuffWorks. 7 December 2000. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
"Digital Television in Australia". Digital Television News Australia. Archived from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
"HDV Technology Handbook" (PDF). Sony. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2006.
"Audio". Digital Video Broadcasting Project. 2003. Archived from the original on 27 September 2006.
"Status of DAB (US)". World DAB Forum. March 2005. Archived from the original on 21 July 2006.
Brian Stelter (13 June 2009). "Changeover to Digital TV Off to a Smooth Start". New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
"DAB Products". World DAB Forum. 2006. Archived from the original on 21 June 2006.
Kahn, Robert; Cerf, Vinton G. (December 1999). "What Is The Internet (And What Makes It Work)". Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI). Archived from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2023. Specifically see footnote xv.
Jeff Tyson (2007). "How Internet Infrastructure Works". Computer.HowStuffWorks.com. Archived from the original on 10 April 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
"World Internet Users and Population Stats". Internet World Stats. 30 June 2008. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009.
"OECD Broadband Statistics, December 2005". OECD. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009.
Kozierok, Charles M. (2005). "The TCP/IP Guide - History of the OSI Reference Model". The TCP/IP Guide. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
"Introduction to IPv6". Microsoft Corporation. February 2006. Archived from the original on 13 October 2008.
Multimedia, Crucible (7 May 2011). "VoIP, Voice over Internet Protocol and Internet telephone calls". Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
"Mission-critical WAN for defense | Nokia.com". Nokia.com. Archived from the original on 8 March 2026. Retrieved 14 June 2026.
Martin, Michael (2000). "Understanding the Network". The Networker's Guide to AppleTalk, IPX, and NetBIOS (PDF). SAMS Publishing. ISBN 0-7357-0977-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2009.
Droms, Ralph (November 2003). "Resources for DHCP". Archived from the original on 4 July 2007.
"Fiber Optic Cable single-mode multi-mode Tutorial". ARC Electronics. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2023.

whatcom.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

textbooks.whatcom.edu

"8.2 The History of Movies". Intro to mass media. 22 March 2016.

worldbank.org (Global: 280^th place; English: 430^th place)

siteresources.worldbank.org

Christine Zhen-Wei Qiang and Carlo M. Rossotto with Kaoru Kimura. "Economic Impacts of Broadband" (PDF). siteresources.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2016.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Röller, Lars-Hendrik; Leonard Waverman (2001). "Telecommunications Infrastructure and Economic Development: A Simultaneous Approach". American Economic Review. 91 (4): 909–23. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.202.9393. doi:10.1257/aer.91.4.909. ISSN 0002-8282. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Arthur, Charles (4 March 2009). "Why falling PC sales means Windows 7 is on the way". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2023.

worlddab.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Status of DAB (US)". World DAB Forum. March 2005. Archived from the original on 21 July 2006.
"DAB Products". World DAB Forum. 2006. Archived from the original on 21 June 2006.

Telecommunications (English Wikipedia)

adage.com (Global: 2,700th place; English: 1,403rd place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

aiu.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

courses.aiu.edu

amta.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

arcelect.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

arstechnica.com (Global: 473rd place; English: 338th place)

atis.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

att.com (Global: low place; English: 7,681st place)

aweray.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

aweseed.aweray.com

axios.com (Global: 1,139th place; English: 623rd place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

bc.edu (Global: 4,969th place; English: 2,859th place)

dissertations.bc.edu

bluetooth.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

britainexpress.com (Global: low place; English: 8,677th place)

britannica.com (Global: 37th place; English: 64th place)

businessinsider.com (Global: 201st place; English: 139th place)

ccgrouppr.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

cisco.com (Global: 5,047th place; English: 3,553rd place)

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; English: 26th place)

connected-earth.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

conwire.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

dhcp.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

digitaltv.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

disco.ac (Global: low place; English: low place)

school.disco.ac

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

du.edu (Global: 9,571st place; English: 6,099th place)

dvb.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

dynamix.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

ec-lyon.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

chappe.ec-lyon.fr

economist.com (Global: 331st place; English: 272nd place)

ideas.economist.com

eff.org (Global: 4,491st place; English: 3,102nd place)

eib.org (Global: 7,617th place; English: 5,083rd place)

etymonline.com (Global: 669th place; English: 670th place)

gao.gov (Global: 3,529th place; English: 2,046th place)

gartner.com (Global: 7,063rd place; English: 5,996th place)

hebronhawkeye.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

howstuffworks.com (Global: 1,354th place; English: 958th place)

electronics.howstuffworks.com

computer.howstuffworks.com

ieee.org (Global: 912th place; English: 722nd place)

informit.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

internetworldstats.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ipsos-mori.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

itu.int (Global: 1,487th place; English: 1,305th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

kerryr.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

lightreading.com (Global: low place; English: 9,668th place)

loc.gov (Global: 63rd place; English: 47th place)

m247.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

meforum.org (Global: 6,050th place; English: 4,571st place)

microsoft.com (Global: 263rd place; English: 259th place)

mztv.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nap.edu (Global: 2,540th place; English: 1,815th place)

networkworld.com (Global: 5,743rd place; English: 3,776th place)

newrocktech.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nokia.com (Global: 4,428th place; English: 3,927th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

oberlin.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,815th place)

oecd.org (Global: 1,345th place; English: 1,190th place)

oxforddictionaries.com (Global: 1,689th place; English: 1,562nd place)

palminfocenter.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

pbs.org (Global: 260th place; English: 176th place)

plunkettresearch.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

psu.edu (Global: 299th place; English: 159th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

reston.va.us (Global: low place; English: low place)

cnri.reston.va.us

reuters.com (Global: 38th place; English: 30th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

adage.com (Global: 2,700^th place; English: 1,403^rd place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

arstechnica.com (Global: 473^rd place; English: 338^th place)

att.com (Global: low place; English: 7,681^st place)

axios.com (Global: 1,139^th place; English: 623^rd place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bc.edu (Global: 4,969^th place; English: 2,859^th place)

britainexpress.com (Global: low place; English: 8,677^th place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

businessinsider.com (Global: 201^st place; English: 139^th place)

cisco.com (Global: 5,047^th place; English: 3,553^rd place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

du.edu (Global: 9,571^st place; English: 6,099^th place)

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

eff.org (Global: 4,491^st place; English: 3,102^nd place)

eib.org (Global: 7,617^th place; English: 5,083^rd place)

etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; English: 670^th place)

gao.gov (Global: 3,529^th place; English: 2,046^th place)

gartner.com (Global: 7,063^rd place; English: 5,996^th place)

howstuffworks.com (Global: 1,354^th place; English: 958^th place)

ieee.org (Global: 912^th place; English: 722^nd place)

itu.int (Global: 1,487^th place; English: 1,305^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

lightreading.com (Global: low place; English: 9,668^th place)

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

meforum.org (Global: 6,050^th place; English: 4,571^st place)

microsoft.com (Global: 263^rd place; English: 259^th place)

nap.edu (Global: 2,540^th place; English: 1,815^th place)

networkworld.com (Global: 5,743^rd place; English: 3,776^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nokia.com (Global: 4,428^th place; English: 3,927^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

oberlin.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,815^th place)

oecd.org (Global: 1,345^th place; English: 1,190^th place)

oxforddictionaries.com (Global: 1,689^th place; English: 1,562^nd place)

pbs.org (Global: 260^th place; English: 176^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

si.edu (Global: 256^th place; English: 197^th place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,187^th place; English: 756^th place)

uq.edu.au (Global: 3,996^th place; English: 2,378^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldbank.org (Global: 280^th place; English: 430^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)