During the silent era, a full film reel had a maximum running time of approximately 15 minutes, with some variations in speed due to the type and condition of projectors used at different theaters. At the time, the generally accepted "standard" for a theatrical film's speed was 18 frames per second. See Kawin, Bruce F. (1987). How Movies Work. University of California Press. p. 46. ISBN9780520076969.
"Silent Film Set", view of an interior set shot outdoors (c. 1915) and information about filming in the early silent era, photographic collection of the Los Angeles Public Library. Retrieved via the research "gateway" of CaliSphere, University of California, April 17, 2023.
"The Coffin Ship", Thanhouser Company Film Preservation, Inc. non-profit organization headquartered in Portland, Oregon. Retrieved via April 15, 2023.
Bowers, Q. David. "Chapter 3 (1910): Spying on Thanhouser", Thanhouser Films: An Encyclopedia and History, extensive online database on history and films of Thanhouser Company. Retrieved April 17, 2023.
