Aristotle (1960). "982b". Metaphysics. Now, he who is perplexed and wonders believes himself to be ignorant
Aristotle (1999). "1098a". Nicomachean Ethics.. He was probably not the first to arrive at this difference. Diogenes Laërtius, Pythagoras, Book VIII, paragraphs 30-34, reports that Aristotle wrote a book, On the Pythagoreans. Pythagoras, reports Diogenes, hypothesized a three-part soul: intelligence, reason, and passion. He attributed two also to animals, but only reason exclusively to man.
"An Extraordinary Book". (May 9, 1955) Life, Vol. 38, No. 19, p. 157. Note that LIFE Magazine was a subsidiary of Time Inc. The book is thus cited as The Editorial Staff of Life; Barnett, Lincoln (1955). The World We Live In. New York: Time Incorporated. Time is also often cited as the publisher of the series.
This advertisement of the Kroger display version appeared in 1964: "The World We Live In Now in a Special Family Edition". (Jan 24, 1964) Life, Vol. 56, No. 4, p. 74. The original was published in 1962 by Barnett and Time.
A popular explanation of this now esoteric branch of philosophy can be found at Clarke, W.N. (2003). "Potency". New Catholic Encyclopedia. The Gale Group, Inc.
Duns Scotus defines "will" as an active rational potency, as opposed to "nature," an active irrational potency, which is what animals would have in Porphyry’s system. See Burke, C.M. (May 2005). "Chapter II: John Duns Scotus on the Will"(PDF). The Possibility of Free Will: John Duns Scotus and William James on the Will (MA). Texas A&M University. p. 13. S2CID56316801. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2019-05-30. Retrieved 29 May 2019.. Traditionally the specific active potency is "soul" or "mind," hence psychology, "the study of the soul" is to be translated as "the study of the mind." Animals thus have minds.
Duns Scotus defines "will" as an active rational potency, as opposed to "nature," an active irrational potency, which is what animals would have in Porphyry’s system. See Burke, C.M. (May 2005). "Chapter II: John Duns Scotus on the Will"(PDF). The Possibility of Free Will: John Duns Scotus and William James on the Will (MA). Texas A&M University. p. 13. S2CID56316801. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2019-05-30. Retrieved 29 May 2019.. Traditionally the specific active potency is "soul" or "mind," hence psychology, "the study of the soul" is to be translated as "the study of the mind." Animals thus have minds.
Duns Scotus defines "will" as an active rational potency, as opposed to "nature," an active irrational potency, which is what animals would have in Porphyry’s system. See Burke, C.M. (May 2005). "Chapter II: John Duns Scotus on the Will"(PDF). The Possibility of Free Will: John Duns Scotus and William James on the Will (MA). Texas A&M University. p. 13. S2CID56316801. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2019-05-30. Retrieved 29 May 2019.. Traditionally the specific active potency is "soul" or "mind," hence psychology, "the study of the soul" is to be translated as "the study of the mind." Animals thus have minds.
