Third place (English Wikipedia)

Han, Xiao; Cao, Shinan; Shen, Zhesi; Zhang, Boyu; Wang, Wen-Xu; Cressman, Ross; Stanley, H. Eugene (2017-03-14). "Emergence of communities and diversity in social networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (11): 2887–2891. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.2887H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1608164114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5358344. PMID 28235785.

atlasworkbase.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"ATLAS Workbase". ATLAS Workbase. Retrieved 2018-03-28.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

"The violent history of public squares". www.bbc.com. 3 December 2014. Retrieved 2024-04-19.

boardandvellum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Fadem, Charles (2017-03-16). "Emerald Seven". Board & Vellum. Retrieved 2024-04-19.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Pete Myers (2012). Going Home: Essays, Articles, and Stories in Honour of the Andersons. Lulu.com. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-291-12167-4.

brookings.edu (Global: 1,937^th place; English: 1,225^th place)

Butler, Stuart M.; Diaz, Carmen (2016-09-14). ""Third places" as community builders". Brookings. Retrieved 2018-03-28.

civicsforlife.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What Is The History Of The Public Square? - Civics For Life". civicsforlife.org. 2023-02-06. Retrieved 2024-04-20.

cnu.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Berne, Michael (2023-01-03). "The third place coffeehouse faces a serious challenge". CNU. Retrieved 2024-04-19.

csuohio.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu

Jeffres, Leo W.; Bracken, Cheryl C.; Jian, Guowei; Casey, Mary F. (2009-10-13). "The Impact of Third Places on Community Quality of Life". Applied Research in the Quality of Life. 4 (4): 333–345. doi:10.1007/s11482-009-9084-8. ISSN 1871-2584. S2CID 52198882.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Jeffres, Leo W.; Bracken, Cheryl C.; Jian, Guowei; Casey, Mary F. (2009-10-13). "The Impact of Third Places on Community Quality of Life". Applied Research in the Quality of Life. 4 (4): 333–345. doi:10.1007/s11482-009-9084-8. ISSN 1871-2584. S2CID 52198882.
Rosenbaum, Mark S. (2006). "Exploring the Social Supportive Role of Third Places in Consumers' Lives". Journal of Service Research. 9 (1): 59–72. doi:10.1177/1094670506289530. ISSN 1094-6705. S2CID 167531908.
Calhoun, C (1998). "Community without propinquity revisited: Communications technology and the transformation of the urban public sphere". Sociological Inquiry. 68 (3): 373–397. doi:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1998.tb00474.x. S2CID 145655790 – via Wiley Online Library.
Steinkuehler, Constance; Dmitri Williams (2006). "Where Everybody Knows Your (Screen) Name: Online Games as Third Places". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 11 (4): 885–909. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00300.x.
Rubin, Victoria; Sarah Camm (2013-06-14). "Deception in video games: examining varieties of griefing". Online Information Review. 37 (3): 369–387. doi:10.1108/oir-10-2011-0181.
Han, Xiao; Cao, Shinan; Shen, Zhesi; Zhang, Boyu; Wang, Wen-Xu; Cressman, Ross; Stanley, H. Eugene (2017-03-14). "Emergence of communities and diversity in social networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (11): 2887–2891. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.2887H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1608164114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5358344. PMID 28235785.
Littman, Danielle Maude (June 2022). "Third Places, Social Capital, and Sense of Community as Mechanisms of Adaptive Responding for Young People Who Experience Social Marginalization". American Journal of Community Psychology. 69 (3–4): 436–450. doi:10.1002/ajcp.12531. PMID 34080191. Retrieved 2026-03-29.
Finlay, Jessica; Esposito, Michael; Kim, MinJae H.; Gomez-Lopez, Irene; Clarke, Philip (November 2019). "Closure of 'third places'? Exploring potential consequences for collective health and wellbeing". Health & Place. 60 102225. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102225. PMC 6934089. PMID 31622919. Retrieved 2026-03-29.
Rhubart, Danielle; Sun, Yue; Pendergrast, Claire; Monnat, Shannon (2022). "Sociospatial Disparities in Third Place Availability in the United States". Socius. 8. doi:10.1177/23780231221090301. Retrieved 2026-03-29.
Rhubart, Danielle; Kowalkowski, Jennifer; Pillay, Tarya (December 2023). "Third places in rural America: Prevalence and disparities in use and meaningful use". Journal of Rural Studies. 104 103153. doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2023.103153. Retrieved 2026-03-29.
Morisson, Arnault (2019). "A Typology of Places in the Knowledge Economy: Towards the Fourth Place". New Metropolitan Perspectives. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. Vol. 100. pp. 444–451. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92099-3_50. ISBN 978-3-319-92098-6. SSRN 3056754.
Elrahman 2021. Abd Elrahman, A.S. (2021). "The fifth-place metamorphosis: the impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 on typologies of places in post-pandemic Cairo". Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research. 15. Emerlad: 113–130. doi:10.1108/ARCH-05-2020-0095. ISSN 2631-6862. S2CID 234433259.

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

"The new oases". The Economist. April 10, 2008.

emeraldinsight.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rubin, Victoria; Sarah Camm (2013-06-14). "Deception in video games: examining varieties of griefing". Online Information Review. 37 (3): 369–387. doi:10.1108/oir-10-2011-0181.

fastcompany.com (Global: 1,399^th place; English: 772^nd place)

"Starbucks, "The Third Place", and Creating the Ultimate Customer Experience". Fast Company. June 11, 2008.

gensleron.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hey…Leave my third place alone! - Urban Planning and Design - architecture and design". GenslerOnCities. Archived from the original on 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2018-03-28.

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

Oldenburg, Ray (2023). The Great Good Place: Cafes, Coffee Shops, Bookstores, Bars, Hair Salons, and Other Hangouts at the Heart of a Community (2nd ed.). Great Barrington, Massachusetts: Berkshire Publishing Group LLC. ISBN 978-1-61472-097-3. Third places are informal public gathering places that are separate from home and work.
Oldenburg, Ray (1989). The Great Good Place: Cafes, Coffee Shops, Bookstores, Bars, Hair Salons, and Other Hangouts at the Heart of a Community. New York: Paragon House. ISBN 978-1-55778-110-9. The term "third place" was introduced to describe informal public gathering places distinct from home and work.

motherjones.com (Global: 2,128^th place; English: 1,157^th place)

Sue Halpern. "New Deal City". Mother Jones. No. May 2002. Retrieved 2010-09-19.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Han, Xiao; Cao, Shinan; Shen, Zhesi; Zhang, Boyu; Wang, Wen-Xu; Cressman, Ross; Stanley, H. Eugene (2017-03-14). "Emergence of communities and diversity in social networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (11): 2887–2891. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.2887H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1608164114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5358344. PMID 28235785.
Littman, Danielle Maude (June 2022). "Third Places, Social Capital, and Sense of Community as Mechanisms of Adaptive Responding for Young People Who Experience Social Marginalization". American Journal of Community Psychology. 69 (3–4): 436–450. doi:10.1002/ajcp.12531. PMID 34080191. Retrieved 2026-03-29.
Finlay, Jessica; Esposito, Michael; Kim, MinJae H.; Gomez-Lopez, Irene; Clarke, Philip (November 2019). "Closure of 'third places'? Exploring potential consequences for collective health and wellbeing". Health & Place. 60 102225. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102225. PMC 6934089. PMID 31622919. Retrieved 2026-03-29.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Han, Xiao; Cao, Shinan; Shen, Zhesi; Zhang, Boyu; Wang, Wen-Xu; Cressman, Ross; Stanley, H. Eugene (2017-03-14). "Emergence of communities and diversity in social networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (11): 2887–2891. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.2887H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1608164114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5358344. PMID 28235785.
Finlay, Jessica; Esposito, Michael; Kim, MinJae H.; Gomez-Lopez, Irene; Clarke, Philip (November 2019). "Closure of 'third places'? Exploring potential consequences for collective health and wellbeing". Health & Place. 60 102225. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102225. PMC 6934089. PMID 31622919. Retrieved 2026-03-29.

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Rhubart, Danielle; Sun, Yue; Pendergrast, Claire; Monnat, Shannon (2022). "Sociospatial Disparities in Third Place Availability in the United States". Socius. 8. doi:10.1177/23780231221090301. Retrieved 2026-03-29.

nzgeo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

White, Rebekah (July–August 2018). "A third place". New Zealand Geographic (152): 6.

plannersweb.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Oldenburg, Ray (Winter 1996–1997). "Our Vanishing "Third Places"" (PDF). Planning Commissioners Journal. 25: 6–10.

sagepub.com (Global: 609^th place; English: 451^st place)

journals.sagepub.com

Rosenbaum, Mark S. (2006). "Exploring the Social Supportive Role of Third Places in Consumers' Lives". Journal of Service Research. 9 (1): 59–72. doi:10.1177/1094670506289530. ISSN 1094-6705. S2CID 167531908.

nms.sagepub.com

Charles Soukup, Computer-mediated communication as a virtual third place: building Oldenburg's great good places on the world wide web

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

Rhubart, Danielle; Kowalkowski, Jennifer; Pillay, Tarya (December 2023). "Third places in rural America: Prevalence and disparities in use and meaningful use". Journal of Rural Studies. 104 103153. doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2023.103153. Retrieved 2026-03-29.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Jeffres, Leo W.; Bracken, Cheryl C.; Jian, Guowei; Casey, Mary F. (2009-10-13). "The Impact of Third Places on Community Quality of Life". Applied Research in the Quality of Life. 4 (4): 333–345. doi:10.1007/s11482-009-9084-8. ISSN 1871-2584. S2CID 52198882.
Rosenbaum, Mark S. (2006). "Exploring the Social Supportive Role of Third Places in Consumers' Lives". Journal of Service Research. 9 (1): 59–72. doi:10.1177/1094670506289530. ISSN 1094-6705. S2CID 167531908.
Calhoun, C (1998). "Community without propinquity revisited: Communications technology and the transformation of the urban public sphere". Sociological Inquiry. 68 (3): 373–397. doi:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1998.tb00474.x. S2CID 145655790 – via Wiley Online Library.
Elrahman 2021. Abd Elrahman, A.S. (2021). "The fifth-place metamorphosis: the impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 on typologies of places in post-pandemic Cairo". Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research. 15. Emerlad: 113–130. doi:10.1108/ARCH-05-2020-0095. ISSN 2631-6862. S2CID 234433259.

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

papers.ssrn.com

Morisson, Arnault (2019). "A Typology of Places in the Knowledge Economy: Towards the Fourth Place". New Metropolitan Perspectives. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. Vol. 100. pp. 444–451. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92099-3_50. ISBN 978-3-319-92098-6. SSRN 3056754.

steelcase.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Merging Third Places to Create a Positive Work Environment". Steelcase. 2015-01-05. Archived from the original on 2018-03-29. Retrieved 2018-03-28.

takoma.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Talk of Takoma". Takoma Voice. No. Takoma Park, Maryland, May 2005. Retrieved 2010-09-19.

teamuse.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The History of Chinese Teahouses". TeaMuse. Retrieved 2024-04-26.

thirdspacecoworking.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Third Space Coworking". Third Space. Retrieved 2018-03-28.

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

esl.uchicago.edu

"Third Places: What Are They and Why Are They Important to American Culture? | English Language Institute". esl.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-19.

unesco.org (Global: 104^th place; English: 170^th place)

courier.unesco.org

Oldenburg, Ray; Christensen, Karen (22 March 2023). "Third places, true citizen spaces". UNESCO. Retrieved 12 April 2024.

usatoday.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

usatoday30.usatoday.com

"Third place office space". USA Today. October 5, 2006.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Hey…Leave my third place alone! - Urban Planning and Design - architecture and design". GenslerOnCities. Archived from the original on 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2018-03-28.
"Merging Third Places to Create a Positive Work Environment". Steelcase. 2015-01-05. Archived from the original on 2018-03-29. Retrieved 2018-03-28.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Jeffres, Leo W.; Bracken, Cheryl C.; Jian, Guowei; Casey, Mary F. (2009-10-13). "The Impact of Third Places on Community Quality of Life". Applied Research in the Quality of Life. 4 (4): 333–345. doi:10.1007/s11482-009-9084-8. ISSN 1871-2584. S2CID 52198882.
Rosenbaum, Mark S. (2006). "Exploring the Social Supportive Role of Third Places in Consumers' Lives". Journal of Service Research. 9 (1): 59–72. doi:10.1177/1094670506289530. ISSN 1094-6705. S2CID 167531908.
Han, Xiao; Cao, Shinan; Shen, Zhesi; Zhang, Boyu; Wang, Wen-Xu; Cressman, Ross; Stanley, H. Eugene (2017-03-14). "Emergence of communities and diversity in social networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (11): 2887–2891. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.2887H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1608164114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5358344. PMID 28235785.
Elrahman 2021. Abd Elrahman, A.S. (2021). "The fifth-place metamorphosis: the impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 on typologies of places in post-pandemic Cairo". Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research. 15. Emerlad: 113–130. doi:10.1108/ARCH-05-2020-0095. ISSN 2631-6862. S2CID 234433259.

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)

Morisson, Arnault (2019). "A Typology of Places in the Knowledge Economy: Towards the Fourth Place". New Metropolitan Perspectives. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. Vol. 100. pp. 444–451. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92099-3_50. ISBN 978-3-319-92098-6. SSRN 3056754.

Third place (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

atlasworkbase.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

bbc.com (Global: 26th place; English: 23rd place)

boardandvellum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

brookings.edu (Global: 1,937th place; English: 1,225th place)

civicsforlife.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

cnu.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

csuohio.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

economist.com (Global: 331st place; English: 272nd place)

emeraldinsight.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

fastcompany.com (Global: 1,399th place; English: 772nd place)

gensleron.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

google.com (Global: 109th place; English: 87th place)

motherjones.com (Global: 2,128th place; English: 1,157th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nzgeo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

plannersweb.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

sagepub.com (Global: 609th place; English: 451st place)

journals.sagepub.com

nms.sagepub.com

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137th place; English: 146th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

ssrn.com (Global: 907th place; English: 529th place)

papers.ssrn.com

steelcase.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

takoma.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

teamuse.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

thirdspacecoworking.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 226th place; English: 199th place)

esl.uchicago.edu

unesco.org (Global: 104th place; English: 170th place)

courier.unesco.org

usatoday.com (Global: 55th place; English: 36th place)

usatoday30.usatoday.com

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

zenodo.org (Global: 737th place; English: 426th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

brookings.edu (Global: 1,937^th place; English: 1,225^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

fastcompany.com (Global: 1,399^th place; English: 772^nd place)

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

motherjones.com (Global: 2,128^th place; English: 1,157^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

sagepub.com (Global: 609^th place; English: 451^st place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

unesco.org (Global: 104^th place; English: 170^th place)

usatoday.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)