Third plague pandemic (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Third plague pandemic" in English language version.

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30nih.gov

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24doi.org

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18worldcat.org

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americanscientist.org (Global: 7,231^st place; English: 5,635^th place)

Tsai, HungYin (2022). "The History of Vaccine Uptake in Taiwan". American Scientist. 110 (5): 292. doi:10.1511/2022.110.5.292. ISSN 0003-0996. S2CID 252266866.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Cohn, Samuel K. (2003). The Black Death Transformed: Disease and Culture in Early Renaissance Europe. A Hodder Arnold. p. 336. ISBN 0-340-70646-5.
Benedict, Carol (1996). Bubonic plague in eighteenth-century China. Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press. pp. 47, 70. ISBN 978-0-8047-2661-0.
"Bubonic Plague At San Francisco, Cal". Annual Report of the Supervising Surgeon General of the Marine Hospital Service of the United States for the Fiscal Year 1901. Washington: Government Printing Office: 491–. 1901. Retrieved 17 October 2010.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

MacDonald, Kenneth (2 January 2019). "Rats 'wrongly blamed' for 1900 Glasgow plague outbreak". BBC News. Retrieved 2 January 2019.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Low, Bruce (1899). "Report upon the Progress and Diffusion of Bubonic Plague from 1879 to 1898". Reports of the Medical Officer of the Privy Council and Local Government Board, Annual Report, 1898–99. London: Darling & Son, Ltd. on behalf of His Majesty's Stationery Office: 199–258. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
Low, Bruce (1902). "Summary of the Progress and Diffusion of the Plague in 1900". Reports of the Medical Officer of the Privy Council and Local Government Board, Annual Report, 1900–01. London: Darling & Son, Ltd. on behalf of His Majesty's Stationery Office: 264–282. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
Eager, J.M. (1908). "The Present Pandemic of Plague". Public Health Bulletin. Washington: Government Printing Office: 436–443. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
"Honolulu's Battle with Bubonic Plague". Hawaiian Almanac and Annual. Honolulu: Thos. G. Thrum, Hawaiian Gazette Co.: 97–105 1900. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
"On The Plague In San Francisco". Journal of the American Medical Association. 36 (15). Chicago: The American Medical Association: 1042. April 13, 1901. doi:10.1001/jama.1901.52470150038003. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
"The Plague, "American Medicine," And The "Philadelphia Medical Journal."". Occidental Medical Times. 15. San Francisco: 171–179. 1901. Retrieved 17 October 2010.

cam.ac.uk (Global: 670^th place; English: 480^th place)

repository.cam.ac.uk

(:Unkn) Unknown (2018). "Plague Hospital in Porto - 1899". Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository. doi:10.17863/CAM.32180. Retrieved 1 March 2020.

cambridge.org (Global: 305^th place; English: 264^th place)

Swanson, Maynard W. (July 1977). "The Sanitation Syndrome: Bubonic Plague and Urban Native Policy in the Cape Colony, 1900–1909". The Journal of African History. 18 (3): 387–410. doi:10.1017/S0021853700027328. ISSN 1469-5138. PMID 11632219. S2CID 43662707.

cdc.gov (Global: 218^th place; English: 212^th place)

"Maps and Statistics". Plague. Center for Disease Control. 25 March 2025. Retrieved 2025-12-18.

cultus.hk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Pryor, E.G. (1975). "The Great Plague of Hong Kong" (PDF). Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 15: 61–70. PMID 11614750.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Stenseth, Nils Chr; et al. (January 2008). "Plague: Past, Present, and Future". PLOS Medicine. 5 (1) e3. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050003. ISSN 1549-1277. PMC 2194748. PMID 18198939.
Echenberg, Myron J (September 2002). "Pestis Redux: The Initial Years of the Third Bubonic Plague Pandemic, 1894-1901". Journal of World History. 13 (2): 429–449. doi:10.1353/jwh.2002.0033. ISSN 1527-8050.
Xu, Lei; et al. (2011-06-21). "Nonlinear effect of climate on plague during the third pandemic in China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (25): 10214–10219. doi:10.1073/pnas.1019486108. PMC 3121851. PMID 21646523.
Glatter, Kathryn A.; Finkelman, Paul (Feb 2021). "History of the Plague: An Ancient Pandemic for the Age of COVID-19". The American Journal of Medicine. 134 (2): 176–181. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.08.019. ISSN 1555-7162. PMC 7513766. PMID 32979306.
Wagner, David M.; et al. (2014-04-01). "Yersinia pestis and the Plague of Justinian 541–543 AD: a genomic analysis". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 14 (4): 319–326. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70323-2. ISSN 1473-3099. PMID 24480148.
Mordechai, Lee; Eisenberg, Merle; Newfield, Timothy P.; Izdebski, Adam; Kay, Janet E.; Poinar, Hendrik (2019-12-17). "The Justinianic Plague: An inconsequential pandemic?". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (51): 25546–25554. doi:10.1073/pnas.1903797116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6926030. PMID 31792176.
Stenseth, Nils Chr (2008-08-08). "Plague Through History". Science. 321 (5890): 773–774. doi:10.1126/science.1161496. ISSN 0036-8075. S2CID 161336516.
Høiby, Niels (July 2021). "Pandemics: past, present, future: That is like choosing between cholera and plague". APMIS. 129 (7): 352–371. doi:10.1111/apm.13098. ISSN 1600-0463. PMC 7753327. PMID 33244837.
Huremović, Damir (16 May 2019). "Brief History of Pandemics (Pandemics Throughout History)". Psychiatry of Pandemics. pp. 7–35. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15346-5_2. ISBN 978-3-030-15345-8. PMC 7123574.
Lynteris, Christos (September 2013). "Skilled Natives, Inept Coolies: Marmot Hunting and the Great Manchurian Pneumonic Plague (1910–1911)". History and Anthropology. 24 (3): 305. doi:10.1080/02757206.2012.697063. ISSN 0275-7206. The great Manchurian pneumonic plague of 1910-1911 was the most lethal manifestation of the so-called third pandemic of Yersinia pestis, and the first instance of the pneumonic type of the disease to attract international medical attention.
Michaleas, Spyros (2022-09-01). "The Manchurian pandemic of pneumonic plague (1910-1911)" (PDF). Infezioni in Medicina. 30 (3). doi:10.53854/liim-3003-17. PMC 9448316. PMID 36148171.
Ben-Ari, Tamara; et al. (2012-05-22). "Identification of Chinese plague foci from long-term epidemiological data". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (21): 8196–8201. doi:10.1073/pnas.1110585109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3361404. PMID 22570501.
Li, Yanjun; et al. (2008-05-14). Hofreiter, Michael (ed.). "Different Region Analysis for Genotyping Yersinia pestis Isolates from China". PLoS ONE. 3 (5) e2166. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002166. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2367435. PMID 18478120.
Benedictow, O.J. (1987-11-01). "Morbidity in Historical Plague Epidemics". Population Studies. 41 (3): 401–431. doi:10.1080/0032472031000142976. ISSN 0032-4728.
Tsai, HungYin (2022). "The History of Vaccine Uptake in Taiwan". American Scientist. 110 (5): 292. doi:10.1511/2022.110.5.292. ISSN 0003-0996. S2CID 252266866.
(:Unkn) Unknown (2018). "Plague Hospital in Porto - 1899". Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository. doi:10.17863/CAM.32180. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
"On The Plague In San Francisco". Journal of the American Medical Association. 36 (15). Chicago: The American Medical Association: 1042. April 13, 1901. doi:10.1001/jama.1901.52470150038003. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
Zwanenberg, D Van (Jan 1970). "The last epidemic of plague in England? Suffolk 1906-1918". Medical History. 14 (1): 63–74. doi:10.1017/s0025727300015143. PMC 1034015. PMID 4904731.
Glatter, Kathryn A.; Finkelman, Paul (February 2021). "History of the Plague: An Ancient Pandemic for the Age of COVID-19". The American Journal of Medicine. 134 (2): 176–181. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.08.019. PMC 7513766. PMID 32979306. S2CID 221882331.
Bramanti, Barbara; Dean, Katharine R.; Walløe, Lars; Chr. Stenseth, Nils (24 April 2019). "The Third Plague Pandemic in Europe". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1901) 20182429. The Royal Society. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.2429. PMC 6501942. PMID 30991930.
Echenberg, Myron (2002). "Pestis Redux: The Initial Years of the Third Bubonic Plague Pandemic, 1894-1901". Journal of World History. 13 (2): 429–449. doi:10.1353/jwh.2002.0033. ISSN 1045-6007. JSTOR 20078978. PMID 20712094. S2CID 45975258.
Hawgood, Barbara J (2007-02-01). "Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine, CIE (1860–1930): prophylactic vaccination against cholera and bubonic plague in British India". Journal of Medical Biography. 15 (1): 9–19. doi:10.1258/j.jmb.2007.05-59. ISSN 0967-7720. PMID 17356724. S2CID 42075270.
Swanson, Maynard W. (July 1977). "The Sanitation Syndrome: Bubonic Plague and Urban Native Policy in the Cape Colony, 1900–1909". The Journal of African History. 18 (3): 387–410. doi:10.1017/S0021853700027328. ISSN 1469-5138. PMID 11632219. S2CID 43662707.
Benedict, Carol (1988). "Bubonic Plague in Nineteenth-Century China". Modern China. 14 (2): 107–155. doi:10.1177/009770048801400201. ISSN 0097-7004. JSTOR 189268. PMID 11620272. S2CID 33772946.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

fairbank.fas.harvard.edu

Idema, Wilt (29 April 2021). "Plague in China's Dynastic Twilight". Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies. Harvard University. Retrieved 18 December 2025.

hsu.edu.hk (Global: low place; English: low place)

ezproxy01.hsu.edu.hk

楊, 祥銀 (2010). "公共衛生與1894年香港鼠疫研究". 華中師範大學學報. 49: 68–75.

infezmed.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

Michaleas, Spyros (2022-09-01). "The Manchurian pandemic of pneumonic plague (1910-1911)" (PDF). Infezioni in Medicina. 30 (3). doi:10.53854/liim-3003-17. PMC 9448316. PMID 36148171.

jhu.edu (Global: 699^th place; English: 479^th place)

muse.jhu.edu

Echenberg, Myron J (September 2002). "Pestis Redux: The Initial Years of the Third Bubonic Plague Pandemic, 1894-1901". Journal of World History. 13 (2): 429–449. doi:10.1353/jwh.2002.0033. ISSN 1527-8050.

jmvh.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Frith, John. "The History of Plague – Part 1. The Three Great Pandemics". Journal of Military and Veterans' Health. 20 (2). The third pandemic waxed and waned throughout the world for the next five decades and did not end until 1959, in that time plague had caused over 15 million deaths, the majority of which were in India.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Echenberg, Myron (2002). "Pestis Redux: The Initial Years of the Third Bubonic Plague Pandemic, 1894-1901". Journal of World History. 13 (2): 429–449. doi:10.1353/jwh.2002.0033. ISSN 1045-6007. JSTOR 20078978. PMID 20712094. S2CID 45975258.
Chatterjee, Srilata (2005). "Plague and Politics in Bengal 1896 to 1898". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 66: 1194–1201. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44145931.
Benedict, Carol (1988). "Bubonic Plague in Nineteenth-Century China". Modern China. 14 (2): 107–155. doi:10.1177/009770048801400201. ISSN 0097-7004. JSTOR 189268. PMID 11620272. S2CID 33772946.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Stenseth, Nils Chr; et al. (January 2008). "Plague: Past, Present, and Future". PLOS Medicine. 5 (1) e3. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050003. ISSN 1549-1277. PMC 2194748. PMID 18198939.
Xu, Lei; et al. (2011-06-21). "Nonlinear effect of climate on plague during the third pandemic in China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (25): 10214–10219. doi:10.1073/pnas.1019486108. PMC 3121851. PMID 21646523.
Glatter, Kathryn A.; Finkelman, Paul (Feb 2021). "History of the Plague: An Ancient Pandemic for the Age of COVID-19". The American Journal of Medicine. 134 (2): 176–181. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.08.019. ISSN 1555-7162. PMC 7513766. PMID 32979306.
Wagner, David M.; et al. (2014-04-01). "Yersinia pestis and the Plague of Justinian 541–543 AD: a genomic analysis". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 14 (4): 319–326. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70323-2. ISSN 1473-3099. PMID 24480148.
Mordechai, Lee; Eisenberg, Merle; Newfield, Timothy P.; Izdebski, Adam; Kay, Janet E.; Poinar, Hendrik (2019-12-17). "The Justinianic Plague: An inconsequential pandemic?". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (51): 25546–25554. doi:10.1073/pnas.1903797116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6926030. PMID 31792176.
Høiby, Niels (July 2021). "Pandemics: past, present, future: That is like choosing between cholera and plague". APMIS. 129 (7): 352–371. doi:10.1111/apm.13098. ISSN 1600-0463. PMC 7753327. PMID 33244837.
Michaleas, Spyros (2022-09-01). "The Manchurian pandemic of pneumonic plague (1910-1911)" (PDF). Infezioni in Medicina. 30 (3). doi:10.53854/liim-3003-17. PMC 9448316. PMID 36148171.
Ben-Ari, Tamara; et al. (2012-05-22). "Identification of Chinese plague foci from long-term epidemiological data". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (21): 8196–8201. doi:10.1073/pnas.1110585109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3361404. PMID 22570501.
Li, Yanjun; et al. (2008-05-14). Hofreiter, Michael (ed.). "Different Region Analysis for Genotyping Yersinia pestis Isolates from China". PLoS ONE. 3 (5) e2166. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002166. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2367435. PMID 18478120.
Pryor, E.G. (1975). "The Great Plague of Hong Kong" (PDF). Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 15: 61–70. PMID 11614750.
Zwanenberg, D Van (Jan 1970). "The last epidemic of plague in England? Suffolk 1906-1918". Medical History. 14 (1): 63–74. doi:10.1017/s0025727300015143. PMC 1034015. PMID 4904731.
Glatter, Kathryn A.; Finkelman, Paul (February 2021). "History of the Plague: An Ancient Pandemic for the Age of COVID-19". The American Journal of Medicine. 134 (2): 176–181. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.08.019. PMC 7513766. PMID 32979306. S2CID 221882331.
Bramanti, Barbara; Dean, Katharine R.; Walløe, Lars; Chr. Stenseth, Nils (24 April 2019). "The Third Plague Pandemic in Europe". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1901) 20182429. The Royal Society. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.2429. PMC 6501942. PMID 30991930.
Echenberg, Myron (2002). "Pestis Redux: The Initial Years of the Third Bubonic Plague Pandemic, 1894-1901". Journal of World History. 13 (2): 429–449. doi:10.1353/jwh.2002.0033. ISSN 1045-6007. JSTOR 20078978. PMID 20712094. S2CID 45975258.
Hawgood, Barbara J (2007-02-01). "Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine, CIE (1860–1930): prophylactic vaccination against cholera and bubonic plague in British India". Journal of Medical Biography. 15 (1): 9–19. doi:10.1258/j.jmb.2007.05-59. ISSN 0967-7720. PMID 17356724. S2CID 42075270.
Swanson, Maynard W. (July 1977). "The Sanitation Syndrome: Bubonic Plague and Urban Native Policy in the Cape Colony, 1900–1909". The Journal of African History. 18 (3): 387–410. doi:10.1017/S0021853700027328. ISSN 1469-5138. PMID 11632219. S2CID 43662707.
Benedict, Carol (1988). "Bubonic Plague in Nineteenth-Century China". Modern China. 14 (2): 107–155. doi:10.1177/009770048801400201. ISSN 0097-7004. JSTOR 189268. PMID 11620272. S2CID 33772946.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Stenseth, Nils Chr; et al. (January 2008). "Plague: Past, Present, and Future". PLOS Medicine. 5 (1) e3. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050003. ISSN 1549-1277. PMC 2194748. PMID 18198939.
Xu, Lei; et al. (2011-06-21). "Nonlinear effect of climate on plague during the third pandemic in China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (25): 10214–10219. doi:10.1073/pnas.1019486108. PMC 3121851. PMID 21646523.
Glatter, Kathryn A.; Finkelman, Paul (Feb 2021). "History of the Plague: An Ancient Pandemic for the Age of COVID-19". The American Journal of Medicine. 134 (2): 176–181. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.08.019. ISSN 1555-7162. PMC 7513766. PMID 32979306.
Mordechai, Lee; Eisenberg, Merle; Newfield, Timothy P.; Izdebski, Adam; Kay, Janet E.; Poinar, Hendrik (2019-12-17). "The Justinianic Plague: An inconsequential pandemic?". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (51): 25546–25554. doi:10.1073/pnas.1903797116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6926030. PMID 31792176.
Høiby, Niels (July 2021). "Pandemics: past, present, future: That is like choosing between cholera and plague". APMIS. 129 (7): 352–371. doi:10.1111/apm.13098. ISSN 1600-0463. PMC 7753327. PMID 33244837.
Huremović, Damir (16 May 2019). "Brief History of Pandemics (Pandemics Throughout History)". Psychiatry of Pandemics. pp. 7–35. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15346-5_2. ISBN 978-3-030-15345-8. PMC 7123574.
Michaleas, Spyros (2022-09-01). "The Manchurian pandemic of pneumonic plague (1910-1911)" (PDF). Infezioni in Medicina. 30 (3). doi:10.53854/liim-3003-17. PMC 9448316. PMID 36148171.
Ben-Ari, Tamara; et al. (2012-05-22). "Identification of Chinese plague foci from long-term epidemiological data". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (21): 8196–8201. doi:10.1073/pnas.1110585109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3361404. PMID 22570501.
Li, Yanjun; et al. (2008-05-14). Hofreiter, Michael (ed.). "Different Region Analysis for Genotyping Yersinia pestis Isolates from China". PLoS ONE. 3 (5) e2166. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002166. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2367435. PMID 18478120.
Zwanenberg, D Van (Jan 1970). "The last epidemic of plague in England? Suffolk 1906-1918". Medical History. 14 (1): 63–74. doi:10.1017/s0025727300015143. PMC 1034015. PMID 4904731.
Glatter, Kathryn A.; Finkelman, Paul (February 2021). "History of the Plague: An Ancient Pandemic for the Age of COVID-19". The American Journal of Medicine. 134 (2): 176–181. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.08.019. PMC 7513766. PMID 32979306. S2CID 221882331.
Bramanti, Barbara; Dean, Katharine R.; Walløe, Lars; Chr. Stenseth, Nils (24 April 2019). "The Third Plague Pandemic in Europe". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 286 (1901) 20182429. The Royal Society. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.2429. PMC 6501942. PMID 30991930.

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Glatter, Kathryn A.; Finkelman, Paul (Feb 2021). "History of the Plague: An Ancient Pandemic for the Age of COVID-19". The American Journal of Medicine. 134 (2): 176–181. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.08.019. ISSN 1555-7162. PMC 7513766. PMID 32979306.

ohiolink.edu (Global: 8,366^th place; English: 5,247^th place)

etd.ohiolink.edu

Vavlas, Belinda A. (2010). Anti-Chinese Discrimination in Twentieth Century America: Perceptions of Chinese Americans During the Third Bubonic Plague Pandemic in San Francisco, 1900-1908 (Thesis). Youngstown State University. Archived from the original on 2021-05-21. Retrieved 2021-05-21.

ourworldindata.org (Global: 2,263^rd place; English: 1,687^th place)

Dattani, Saloni (2023-12-07). "What were the death tolls from pandemics in history?". Our World in Data. University of Oxford: Oxford Martin School.

plos.org (Global: 2,112^th place; English: 4,947^th place)

dx.plos.org

Li, Yanjun; et al. (2008-05-14). Hofreiter, Michael (ed.). "Different Region Analysis for Genotyping Yersinia pestis Isolates from China". PLoS ONE. 3 (5) e2166. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002166. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2367435. PMID 18478120.

pnas.org (Global: 1,293^rd place; English: 3,794^th place)

Xu, Lei; et al. (2011-06-21). "Nonlinear effect of climate on plague during the third pandemic in China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (25): 10214–10219. doi:10.1073/pnas.1019486108. PMC 3121851. PMID 21646523.
Mordechai, Lee; Eisenberg, Merle; Newfield, Timothy P.; Izdebski, Adam; Kay, Janet E.; Poinar, Hendrik (2019-12-17). "The Justinianic Plague: An inconsequential pandemic?". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (51): 25546–25554. doi:10.1073/pnas.1903797116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6926030. PMID 31792176.
Ben-Ari, Tamara; et al. (2012-05-22). "Identification of Chinese plague foci from long-term epidemiological data". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (21): 8196–8201. doi:10.1073/pnas.1110585109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3361404. PMID 22570501.

qcobass.edu.hk (Global: low place; English: low place)

elearning.qcobass.edu.hk

"1894上環大鼠疫". elearning.qcobass.edu.hk. Archived from the original on 2004-03-24. Retrieved 2019-03-06.

science.org (Global: 1,160^th place; English: 737^th place)

Stenseth, Nils Chr (2008-08-08). "Plague Through History". Science. 321 (5890): 773–774. doi:10.1126/science.1161496. ISSN 0036-8075. S2CID 161336516.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Stenseth, Nils Chr (2008-08-08). "Plague Through History". Science. 321 (5890): 773–774. doi:10.1126/science.1161496. ISSN 0036-8075. S2CID 161336516.
Tsai, HungYin (2022). "The History of Vaccine Uptake in Taiwan". American Scientist. 110 (5): 292. doi:10.1511/2022.110.5.292. ISSN 0003-0996. S2CID 252266866.
Glatter, Kathryn A.; Finkelman, Paul (February 2021). "History of the Plague: An Ancient Pandemic for the Age of COVID-19". The American Journal of Medicine. 134 (2): 176–181. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.08.019. PMC 7513766. PMID 32979306. S2CID 221882331.
Echenberg, Myron (2002). "Pestis Redux: The Initial Years of the Third Bubonic Plague Pandemic, 1894-1901". Journal of World History. 13 (2): 429–449. doi:10.1353/jwh.2002.0033. ISSN 1045-6007. JSTOR 20078978. PMID 20712094. S2CID 45975258.
Hawgood, Barbara J (2007-02-01). "Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine, CIE (1860–1930): prophylactic vaccination against cholera and bubonic plague in British India". Journal of Medical Biography. 15 (1): 9–19. doi:10.1258/j.jmb.2007.05-59. ISSN 0967-7720. PMID 17356724. S2CID 42075270.
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Third plague pandemic (English Wikipedia)

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