Thistle (English Wikipedia)

"Which flowers are the best source of nectar?". Conservation Grade. 15 October 2014. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2017.

doi.org

Hicks, DM; Ouvrard, P; Baldock, KCR (2016). "Food for Pollinators: Quantifying the Nectar and Pollen Resources of Urban Flower Meadows". PLOS ONE. 11 (6): e0158117. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1158117H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158117. PMC 4920406. PMID 27341588.
Takahashi, Masaru; Louda, SM; Miller, TE; O'Brien, CW (2009). "Occurrence of Trichosirocalus horridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Native Cirsium altissimum Versus Exotic C. Vulgare in North American Tallgrass Prairie". Environmental Entomology. 38 (3): 731–40. doi:10.1603/022.038.0325. PMID 19508782. S2CID 55487.
Majka, Christopher G.; Lesage, Laurent (27 June 2008). "Introduced leaf beetles of the Maritime Provinces, 7: Cassida rubiginosa Muller and Cassida flaveola Thunberg (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Zootaxa. 1811 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1811.1.3. ISSN 1175-5334.
Vioque, Montserrat; Gómez, Rafael; Sánchez, Emilia; Mata, Carmen; Tejada, Luis; Fernández-Salguero, José (2000). "Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Ewes' Milk Cheese Manufactured with Extracts from Flowers of Cynara cardunculus and Cynara humilis as Coagulants". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 48 (2): 451–456. doi:10.1021/jf990326v. PMID 10691655.
Pepping, J (June 1999). "Milk thistle: Silybum marianum". Am J Health Syst Pharm. 56 (12): 1195–7. doi:10.1093/ajhp/56.12.1195. PMID 10484652.
Alemardan, Ali; Karkanis, Anestis; Salehi, Reza (2013). "Breeding Objectives and Selection Criteria for Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) Improvement". Not Bot Horti Agrobo. 41 (2): 340–347. doi:10.15835/nbha4129298.

gla.ac.uk

"University of Glasgow - The Hunterian - Visit - Exhibitions - Exhibition Programme - Scotland's Own Coinage". www.gla.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Hicks, DM; Ouvrard, P; Baldock, KCR (2016). "Food for Pollinators: Quantifying the Nectar and Pollen Resources of Urban Flower Meadows". PLOS ONE. 11 (6): e0158117. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1158117H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158117. PMC 4920406. PMID 27341588.

hear.org

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten., Asteraceae Archived 19 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)

luontoportti.com

"Melancholy Thistle". NatureGate. Retrieved 27 November 2019.

m-w.com

"Thistle". Merriam-Webster's online dictionary. Retrieved 30 November 2007.

mapress.com

Majka, Christopher G.; Lesage, Laurent (27 June 2008). "Introduced leaf beetles of the Maritime Provinces, 7: Cassida rubiginosa Muller and Cassida flaveola Thunberg (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Zootaxa. 1811 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1811.1.3. ISSN 1175-5334.

merriam-webster.com

"Definition of THISTLEDOWN". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 28 September 2023.

nancy-webtv.fr

"Origine du blason de Nancy". Nancy WebTV. Retrieved 11 February 2017.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hicks, DM; Ouvrard, P; Baldock, KCR (2016). "Food for Pollinators: Quantifying the Nectar and Pollen Resources of Urban Flower Meadows". PLOS ONE. 11 (6): e0158117. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1158117H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158117. PMC 4920406. PMID 27341588.
Takahashi, Masaru; Louda, SM; Miller, TE; O'Brien, CW (2009). "Occurrence of Trichosirocalus horridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Native Cirsium altissimum Versus Exotic C. Vulgare in North American Tallgrass Prairie". Environmental Entomology. 38 (3): 731–40. doi:10.1603/022.038.0325. PMID 19508782. S2CID 55487.
Vioque, Montserrat; Gómez, Rafael; Sánchez, Emilia; Mata, Carmen; Tejada, Luis; Fernández-Salguero, José (2000). "Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Ewes' Milk Cheese Manufactured with Extracts from Flowers of Cynara cardunculus and Cynara humilis as Coagulants". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 48 (2): 451–456. doi:10.1021/jf990326v. PMID 10691655.
Pepping, J (June 1999). "Milk thistle: Silybum marianum". Am J Health Syst Pharm. 56 (12): 1195–7. doi:10.1093/ajhp/56.12.1195. PMID 10484652.
Laekeman, G; De Coster, S; De Meyer, K (2003). "[St. Mary's Thistle: an overview]". J Pharm Belg. 58 (1): 28–31. PMID 12722542.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hicks, DM; Ouvrard, P; Baldock, KCR (2016). "Food for Pollinators: Quantifying the Nectar and Pollen Resources of Urban Flower Meadows". PLOS ONE. 11 (6): e0158117. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1158117H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158117. PMC 4920406. PMID 27341588.

nccih.nih.gov

"Milk Thistle". NCCIH. Retrieved 23 April 2024.

nts.org.uk

"The thistle – Scotland's national flower". National Trust for Scotland. Retrieved 23 April 2024.

ormiston.com

"Why is the THISTLE a Scottish national symbol?". Ormiston.com. Retrieved 14 January 2013.

scotshistoryonline.co.uk

Webmaster, John Duncan (4 April 2009). "Scots History Online". UK: Scots History Online. Archived from the original on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2013.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Takahashi, Masaru; Louda, SM; Miller, TE; O'Brien, CW (2009). "Occurrence of Trichosirocalus horridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Native Cirsium altissimum Versus Exotic C. Vulgare in North American Tallgrass Prairie". Environmental Entomology. 38 (3): 731–40. doi:10.1603/022.038.0325. PMID 19508782. S2CID 55487.

tela-botanica.org

mooc.tela-botanica.org

"Le chardon". Tela Botanica. Archived from the original on 12 February 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2017.

tolweb.org

"Cardueae". Tree of Life webproject. Retrieved 30 October 2012.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

Pliny the Elder; John Bostock (trans.) (1855). "20.99". The Natural History. London: Taylor and Francis.

twocrows.co.uk

"Flowers of Scotland: Thistle". Twocrows.co.uk. Retrieved 14 January 2013.

visitscotland.com

"Scotland Fact File: The Thistle". Visitscotland.com. Retrieved 14 January 2013.

web.archive.org

"Which flowers are the best source of nectar?". Conservation Grade. 15 October 2014. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Bracken for Butterflies Archived 3 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine leaflet c0853 by Butterfly Conservation, January 2005
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten., Asteraceae Archived 19 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
Webmaster, John Duncan (4 April 2009). "Scots History Online". UK: Scots History Online. Archived from the original on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
"University of Glasgow - The Hunterian - Visit - Exhibitions - Exhibition Programme - Scotland's Own Coinage". www.gla.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
"Le chardon". Tela Botanica. Archived from the original on 12 February 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2017.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

"Chapter 18". A Complete Guide to Heraldry. T.C. & E.C. Jack. 1909.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Majka, Christopher G.; Lesage, Laurent (27 June 2008). "Introduced leaf beetles of the Maritime Provinces, 7: Cassida rubiginosa Muller and Cassida flaveola Thunberg (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Zootaxa. 1811 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1811.1.3. ISSN 1175-5334.
Fox-Davies, A.C. (1907). Heraldic Badges. London: John Lane. p. 117. OCLC 4897294 – via Internet Archive.

xerces.org

Eckberg, James; Lee-Mäder, Eric; Hopwood, Jennifer; Foltz Jordan, Sarah; Borders, Brianna (2017). "Native Thistles: A Conservation Practitioner's Guide". The Xerces Society. Retrieved 27 August 2018.