Thistle (English Wikipedia)

"Which flowers are the best source of nectar?". Conservation Grade. 15 October 2014. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2017.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Hicks, DM; Ouvrard, P; Baldock, KCR (2016). "Food for Pollinators: Quantifying the Nectar and Pollen Resources of Urban Flower Meadows". PLOS ONE. 11 (6) e0158117. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1158117H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158117. PMC 4920406. PMID 27341588.
Takahashi, Masaru; Louda, SM; Miller, TE; O'Brien, CW (2009). "Occurrence of Trichosirocalus horridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Native Cirsium altissimum Versus Exotic C. Vulgare in North American Tallgrass Prairie". Environmental Entomology. 38 (3): 731–40. doi:10.1603/022.038.0325. PMID 19508782. S2CID 55487.
Majka, Christopher G.; Lesage, Laurent (27 June 2008). "Introduced leaf beetles of the Maritime Provinces, 7: Cassida rubiginosa Muller and Cassida flaveola Thunberg (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Zootaxa. 1811 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1811.1.3. ISSN 1175-5334.
Vioque, Montserrat; Gómez, Rafael; Sánchez, Emilia; Mata, Carmen; Tejada, Luis; Fernández-Salguero, José (2000). "Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Ewes' Milk Cheese Manufactured with Extracts from Flowers of Cynara cardunculus and Cynara humilis as Coagulants". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 48 (2): 451–456. Bibcode:2000JAFC...48..451V. doi:10.1021/jf990326v. PMID 10691655.
Pepping, J (June 1999). "Milk thistle: Silybum marianum". Am J Health Syst Pharm. 56 (12): 1195–7. doi:10.1093/ajhp/56.12.1195. PMID 10484652.
Alemardan, Ali; Karkanis, Anestis; Salehi, Reza (2013). "Breeding Objectives and Selection Criteria for Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) Improvement". Not Bot Horti Agrobo. 41 (2): 340–347. Bibcode:2013NBHAC..41..340A. doi:10.15835/nbha4129298.

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

"Chapter 18". A Complete Guide to Heraldry. T.C. & E.C. Jack. 1909.

gla.ac.uk (Global: 2,504^th place; English: 1,408^th place)

"University of Glasgow – The Hunterian – Visit – Exhibitions – Exhibition Programme – Scotland's Own Coinage". www.gla.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.

hear.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten., Asteraceae Archived 19 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)

luontoportti.com (Global: 8,871^st place; English: low place)

"Melancholy Thistle". NatureGate. Retrieved 27 November 2019.

m-w.com (Global: 9,363^rd place; English: low place)

"Thistle". Merriam-Webster's online dictionary. Retrieved 30 November 2007.

mapress.com (Global: 1,484^th place; English: 1,416^th place)

Majka, Christopher G.; Lesage, Laurent (27 June 2008). "Introduced leaf beetles of the Maritime Provinces, 7: Cassida rubiginosa Muller and Cassida flaveola Thunberg (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Zootaxa. 1811 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1811.1.3. ISSN 1175-5334.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

"Definition of THISTLEDOWN". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 28 September 2023.

nancy-webtv.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Origine du blason de Nancy". Nancy WebTV. Retrieved 11 February 2017.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hicks, DM; Ouvrard, P; Baldock, KCR (2016). "Food for Pollinators: Quantifying the Nectar and Pollen Resources of Urban Flower Meadows". PLOS ONE. 11 (6) e0158117. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1158117H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158117. PMC 4920406. PMID 27341588.
Takahashi, Masaru; Louda, SM; Miller, TE; O'Brien, CW (2009). "Occurrence of Trichosirocalus horridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Native Cirsium altissimum Versus Exotic C. Vulgare in North American Tallgrass Prairie". Environmental Entomology. 38 (3): 731–40. doi:10.1603/022.038.0325. PMID 19508782. S2CID 55487.
Vioque, Montserrat; Gómez, Rafael; Sánchez, Emilia; Mata, Carmen; Tejada, Luis; Fernández-Salguero, José (2000). "Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Ewes' Milk Cheese Manufactured with Extracts from Flowers of Cynara cardunculus and Cynara humilis as Coagulants". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 48 (2): 451–456. Bibcode:2000JAFC...48..451V. doi:10.1021/jf990326v. PMID 10691655.
Pepping, J (June 1999). "Milk thistle: Silybum marianum". Am J Health Syst Pharm. 56 (12): 1195–7. doi:10.1093/ajhp/56.12.1195. PMID 10484652.
Laekeman, G; De Coster, S; De Meyer, K (2003). "[St. Mary's Thistle: an overview]". J Pharm Belg. 58 (1): 28–31. PMID 12722542.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hicks, DM; Ouvrard, P; Baldock, KCR (2016). "Food for Pollinators: Quantifying the Nectar and Pollen Resources of Urban Flower Meadows". PLOS ONE. 11 (6) e0158117. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1158117H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158117. PMC 4920406. PMID 27341588.

nts.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The thistle – Scotland's national flower". National Trust for Scotland. Retrieved 23 April 2024.

ormiston.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Why is the THISTLE a Scottish national symbol?". Ormiston.com. Retrieved 14 January 2013.

scotshistoryonline.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Webmaster, John Duncan (4 April 2009). "Scots History Online". UK: Scots History Online. Archived from the original on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2013.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Takahashi, Masaru; Louda, SM; Miller, TE; O'Brien, CW (2009). "Occurrence of Trichosirocalus horridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Native Cirsium altissimum Versus Exotic C. Vulgare in North American Tallgrass Prairie". Environmental Entomology. 38 (3): 731–40. doi:10.1603/022.038.0325. PMID 19508782. S2CID 55487.

tela-botanica.org (Global: 9,232^nd place; English: low place)

mooc.tela-botanica.org

"Le chardon". Tela Botanica. Archived from the original on 12 February 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2017.

thescotlandkiltcompany.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Scotland's Purple Thistle". Scotland Kilt Co. 2 March 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2025.

thistletours.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Thistle". Thistle Tours. Retrieved 25 August 2025.

tolweb.org (Global: 2,815^th place; English: 3,619^th place)

"Cardueae". Tree of Life webproject. Retrieved 30 October 2012.

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

Pliny the Elder; John Bostock (trans.) (1855). "20.99". The Natural History. London: Taylor and Francis.

twocrows.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Flowers of Scotland: Thistle". Twocrows.co.uk. Retrieved 14 January 2013.

visitscotland.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Scotland Fact File: The Thistle". Visitscotland.com. Retrieved 14 January 2013.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Which flowers are the best source of nectar?". Conservation Grade. 15 October 2014. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Bracken for Butterflies Archived 3 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine leaflet c0853 by Butterfly Conservation, January 2005
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten., Asteraceae Archived 19 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
Webmaster, John Duncan (4 April 2009). "Scots History Online". UK: Scots History Online. Archived from the original on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
"University of Glasgow – The Hunterian – Visit – Exhibitions – Exhibition Programme – Scotland's Own Coinage". www.gla.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
"Le chardon". Tela Botanica. Archived from the original on 12 February 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2017.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Majka, Christopher G.; Lesage, Laurent (27 June 2008). "Introduced leaf beetles of the Maritime Provinces, 7: Cassida rubiginosa Muller and Cassida flaveola Thunberg (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Zootaxa. 1811 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1811.1.3. ISSN 1175-5334.
Fox-Davies, A.C. (1907). Heraldic Badges. London: John Lane. p. 117. OCLC 4897294 – via Internet Archive.

xerces.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Eckberg, James; Lee-Mäder, Eric; Hopwood, Jennifer; Foltz Jordan, Sarah; Borders, Brianna (2017). "Native Thistles: A Conservation Practitioner's Guide". The Xerces Society. Retrieved 27 August 2018.

Thistle (English Wikipedia)

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scotshistoryonline.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

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tela-botanica.org (Global: 9,232nd place; English: low place)

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thescotlandkiltcompany.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

thistletours.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

tolweb.org (Global: 2,815th place; English: 3,619th place)

tufts.edu (Global: 192nd place; English: 165th place)

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m-w.com (Global: 9,363^rd place; English: low place)

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tela-botanica.org (Global: 9,232^nd place; English: low place)

tolweb.org (Global: 2,815^th place; English: 3,619^th place)

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