Thomas Jefferson (English Wikipedia)

Boyd, Julian P., ed. (1953). "To Thomas Jefferson from Francis Eppes [14 October 1784]". The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 7, March 2, 1784 – February 25, 1785. Princeton University Press. pp. 441–442. Retrieved September 29, 2019 – via Founders Online, National Archives.
Boyd, Julian P., ed. (1953). "To Thomas Jefferson from James Currie, 20 November 1784". The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 7, March 2, 1784 – February 25, 1785. Princeton University Press. pp. 538–539. Retrieved September 29, 2019 – via Founders Online, National Archives.
Boyd, Julian P., ed. (1951). "From Thomas Jefferson to Sampson Mathews, 12 January 1781". The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 4, October 1, 1780 – February 24, 1781. Princeton University Press. p. 343. Retrieved July 10, 2019 – via Founders Online, National Archives.
Boyd, Julian P., ed. (1953). "Enclosure I: Commission for Negotiating Treaties of Amity and Commerce, 16 May 1784". The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 7, March 2, 1784 – February 25, 1785. Princeton University Press. pp. 262–265. Retrieved June 13, 2018 – via Founders Online, National Archives.
"From Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Jefferson Randolph, 8 February 1826". Retrieved February 19, 2025 – via Founders Online, National Archives.
U.S. Gov: National Archives "Thomas Jefferson to Horatio G. Spafford, 17 March 1814". U.S. Government: National Archives. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
"Thomas Jefferson to James Smith (of Ohio), 8 December 1822". December 8, 1822. Retrieved December 31, 2025. I confidently expect that the present generation will see Unitarianism become the general religion of the United States
"Founders Online: Thomas Jefferson to John Taylor, 28 May 1816". founders.archives.gov. Retrieved March 23, 2026.
"Founders Online: Thomas Jefferson to Alexander von Humboldt, 6 December 1813". founders.archives.gov. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
"Founders Online: Thomas Jefferson to John Waldo, 16 August 1813".

obamawhitehouse.archives.gov

White House Archives "Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved October 3, 2011 – via National Archives.

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 168^th place; English: 136^th place)

Scudder, S. H. (1900). "Adephagous and clavicorn Coleoptera from the Tertiary deposits at Florissant, Colorado with descriptions of a few other forms and a systematic list of the non-rhynchophorus Tertiary Coleoptera of North America". Monographs of the United States Geological Survey. 40: 2. Bibcode:1900usgs.rept....2S. doi:10.3133/m40. Archived from the original on June 22, 2022. Retrieved June 22, 2022 – via BHL.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Brodie, 1974, pp. 33–34. Brodie, Fawn (1974). Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393317527.
Kern, Susan A. (2010). The Jefferson's at Shadwell. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0195169119. OCLC 51854624.^{[page needed]}
Peterson, 1970, pp. 7–9. —— (1970). Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation; a Biography. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195000542.
Bowers, 1945, p. 25; Boles, 2017, p. 17 Bowers, Claude (1945). The Young Jefferson 1743–1789. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boles, John B. (2017). Jefferson: Architect of American Liberty. Basic Books. p. 626. ISBN 978-0465094691.
Bowers, 1945, pp. 22–23; Boles, 2017, p. 18 Bowers, Claude (1945). The Young Jefferson 1743–1789. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boles, John B. (2017). Jefferson: Architect of American Liberty. Basic Books. p. 626. ISBN 978-0465094691.
Bowers, 1945, pp. 32–34; Boles, 2017, p. 19 Bowers, Claude (1945). The Young Jefferson 1743–1789. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boles, John B. (2017). Jefferson: Architect of American Liberty. Basic Books. p. 626. ISBN 978-0465094691.
Boles, 2017, p. 458 Boles, John B. (2017). Jefferson: Architect of American Liberty. Basic Books. p. 626. ISBN 978-0465094691.
Gordon-Reed, 2008, p. 348. —— (2008). The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393064773.
Gordon-Reed, 2008, pp. 99–100. —— (2008). The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393064773.
Ellis, 1996, pp. 142–144. Ellis, Joseph J. (1996). American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0679444909. online free
Gordon-Reed, 2008, p. 145; Meacham, 2012, p. 53. —— (2008). The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393064773. Meacham, Jon (2012). Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power. Random House LLC. ISBN 978-0679645368.
Peterson, 1970, p. 87. —— (1970). Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation; a Biography. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195000542.
Ellis, 1996, p. 50. Ellis, Joseph J. (1996). American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0679444909. online free
Ellis, 2008, pp. 55–56. —— (2008). American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies in the Founding of the Republic. Random House LLC. ISBN 978-0307263698.
Brodie, 1974, p. 112. Brodie, Fawn (1974). Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393317527.
Peterson, 1970, pp. 101–102, 114, 140. —— (1970). Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation; a Biography. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195000542.
Tucker, 1837, v. 1, p. 102; Bernstein, 2003, p. 42. Tucker, George (1837). The Life of Thomas Jefferson, Third President of the United States; 2 vol. Carey, Lea & Blanchard. Bernstein, Richard B. (2003). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195181302.
Peterson, 1970, pp. 134, 142; Bernstein, 2003, pp. 68–69. —— (1970). Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation; a Biography. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195000542. Bernstein, Richard B. (2003). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195181302.
Peterson, 1970, pp. 234–238. —— (1970). Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation; a Biography. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195000542.
Ellis, 1996, p. 66; Gordon-Reed, 2008, pp. 136–137; Meacham, 2012, pp. 133–135. Ellis, Joseph J. (1996). American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0679444909. online free —— (2008). The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393064773. Meacham, Jon (2012). Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power. Random House LLC. ISBN 978-0679645368.
Notes on the State of Virginia, p. 149; Burstein, 2006, p. 146. —— (1853). Notes on the State of Virginia. J.W. Randolph. (Note: This was Jefferson's only book; numerous editions) Burstein, Andrew (2006). Jefferson's Secrets: Death and Desire at Monticello. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465008131.
Notes on the State of Virginia, 1853, Query XI —— (1853). Notes on the State of Virginia. J.W. Randolph. (Note: This was Jefferson's only book; numerous editions)
Bernstein, 2004, p. 78. —— (2004). The Revolution of Ideas. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195143683.
Peterson, 1970, ch. 5. —— (1970). Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation; a Biography. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195000542.
Peterson, 1970, p. 275. —— (1970). Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation; a Biography. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195000542.
Peterson, 1960, pp. 189–190. Peterson, Merrill D. (1960). The Jefferson Image in the American Mind. University of Virginia Press. 1998 Revised reprint. ISBN 978-0-8139-1851-8
Peterson, 1970, pp. 286. —— (1970). Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation; a Biography. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195000542.
McCullough, 2001, p. 330. McCullough, David (2001). John Adams. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1471104527.
Gordon-Reed, 2008, pp. 156, 164–168. —— (2008). The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393064773.
Burstein, 2010, p. 120. ——; Isenberg, Nancy (2010). Madison and Jefferson. Random House. ISBN 978-1400067282.
Ellis, 1996, pp. 116–117. Ellis, Joseph J. (1996). American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0679444909. online free
Ellis, 1996, p. 110; Wood, 2010, pp. 179–181. Ellis, Joseph J. (1996). American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0679444909. online free —— (2010). Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789–1815. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195039146.
Bernstein, 2003, p. 96. Bernstein, Richard B. (2003). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195181302.
Greider, 2010, p. 246. Greider, William (2010). Who Will Tell the People. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1439128749.
Tucker, 1837, v. 1, p. 523; Ellis, 1996, p. 119; Meacham, 2012, pp. 283–284. Tucker, George (1837). The Life of Thomas Jefferson, Third President of the United States; 2 vol. Carey, Lea & Blanchard. Ellis, Joseph J. (1996). American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0679444909. online free Meacham, Jon (2012). Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power. Random House LLC. ISBN 978-0679645368.
Peterson, 1970, ch.8 [e-book]. —— (1970). Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation; a Biography. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195000542.
Yarbrough, 2006, p. xx. Yarbrough, Jean M.; Jefferson, Thomas (2006). The Essential Jefferson. Hackett Publishing. ISBN 978-1603843782.
Bernstein, 2003, pp. 117–118. Bernstein, Richard B. (2003). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195181302.
Onuf, 2000, p. 73. Onuf, Peters S. (2000). Jefferson's Empire: The Language of American Nationhood. U of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0813922041.
McCullough, 2001, p. 556; Bernstein, 2003, pp. 126–128. McCullough, David (2001). John Adams. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1471104527. Bernstein, Richard B. (2003). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195181302.
McCullough, 2001, pp. 543–544. McCullough, David (2001). John Adams. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1471104527.
Appleby, 2003, pp. 27–28. Appleby, Joyce Oldham (2003). Thomas Jefferson: The American Presidents Series: The 3rd President, 1801–1809. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0805069242.
Bailey, 2007, p. 216. Bailey, Jeremy D. (2007). Thomas Jefferson and Executive Power. Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 978-1139466295.
Urofsky, 2006, p. viii. Urofsky, Melvin I., ed. (2006). Biographical Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court: The Lives and Legal Philosophies of the Justices. CQ Press. ISBN 978-1452267289.
Fremont-Barnes, 2006, p. 32. Fremont-Barnes, Gregory (2006). The Wars of the Barbary Pirates: To the Shores of Tripoli – The Rise of the US Navy and Marines. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1846030307.
Herring, 2008, p. 97. Herring, George C. (2008). From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199743773.
Bernstein, 2003, p. 146. Bernstein, Richard B. (2003). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195181302.
Freehling, 2005, p. 69. Freehling, William W. (2005). Levinson, Sanford; Sparrow, Bartholomew H. (eds.). The Louisiana Purchase and American Expansion, 1803–1898 The Louisiana Purchase and the Coming of the Civil War. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. pp. 69–82. ISBN 978-0742549838.
Ellis, 2008, pp. 207–208. —— (2008). American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies in the Founding of the Republic. Random House LLC. ISBN 978-0307263698.
Peterson, 1970, p. 777; Ellis, 2008, p. 230; Wood, 2010, p. 372. —— (1970). Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation; a Biography. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195000542. —— (2008). American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies in the Founding of the Republic. Random House LLC. ISBN 978-0307263698. —— (2010). Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789–1815. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195039146.
Ellis, 2008, pp. 231–232. —— (2008). American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies in the Founding of the Republic. Random House LLC. ISBN 978-0307263698.
Rodriguez, 2002, pp. xxiv, 162, 185. Rodriguez, Junius (2002). The Louisiana Purchase: a historical and geographical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1576071885.
Rodriguez, 2002, pp. 112, 186. Rodriguez, Junius (2002). The Louisiana Purchase: a historical and geographical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1576071885.
Berry, 2006, p. xi. Berry, Trey; Beasley, Pam; Clements, Jeanne (2006). The Forgotten Expedition, 1804–1805: The Louisiana Purchase Journals of Dunbar and Hunter. LSU Press. ISBN 978-0807131657.
Miller, 2008, p. 90. Miller, Robert J. (2008). Native America, Discovered and Conquered: Thomas Jefferson, Lewis & Clark, and Manifest Destiny. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803215986.
Sheehan, 1974, pp. 120–121. Sheehan, Bernard (1974). Seeds of Extinction: Jeffersonian Philanthropy and the American Indian. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393007169.
Peterson, 1970, ch. 9. —— (1970). Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation; a Biography. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195000542.
The Life and Writings of Thomas Jefferson, pp. 265–266. Jefferson, Thomas (1900). The Life and Writings of Thomas Jefferson. pp. 265–266.
Miller, 2008, p. 94. Miller, Robert J. (2008). Native America, Discovered and Conquered: Thomas Jefferson, Lewis & Clark, and Manifest Destiny. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803215986.
Miller, 1980, pp. 145–146. Miller, John Chester (1980). The Wolf by the Ears: Thomas Jefferson and Slavery. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0452005303.
Kaplan, 1999, p. 407. Kaplan, Lawrence S. (1999). Thomas Jefferson: Westward the Course of Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0842026307.
Bernstein, 2003, pp. 146–147. Bernstein, Richard B. (2003). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195181302.
Banner 1974, p. 34. Banner, James M. Jr. (1974). C. Vann Woodward (ed.). Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct. Delacorte Press Dell Publishing Co., Inc. ISBN 978-0440059233.
Bernstein, 2003, pp. 161–162. Bernstein, Richard B. (2003). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195181302.
Banner 1974, p. 37. Banner, James M. Jr. (1974). C. Vann Woodward (ed.). Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct. Delacorte Press Dell Publishing Co., Inc. ISBN 978-0440059233.
Appleby, 2003, p. 100; Bernstein, 2003, p. 162. Appleby, Joyce Oldham (2003). Thomas Jefferson: The American Presidents Series: The 3rd President, 1801–1809. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0805069242. Bernstein, Richard B. (2003). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195181302.
Bernstein, 2003, pp. 163–164; Meacham, 2012, pp. 422–423. Bernstein, Richard B. (2003). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195181302. Meacham, Jon (2012). Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power. Random House LLC. ISBN 978-0679645368.
Bernstein, 2003, p. 165. Bernstein, Richard B. (2003). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195181302.
Appleby, 2003, p. 101. Appleby, Joyce Oldham (2003). Thomas Jefferson: The American Presidents Series: The 3rd President, 1801–1809. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0805069242.
Banner 1974, p. 35. Banner, James M. Jr. (1974). C. Vann Woodward (ed.). Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct. Delacorte Press Dell Publishing Co., Inc. ISBN 978-0440059233.
Banner 1974, pp. 35–36. Banner, James M. Jr. (1974). C. Vann Woodward (ed.). Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct. Delacorte Press Dell Publishing Co., Inc. ISBN 978-0440059233.
Banner 1974, p. 36. Banner, James M. Jr. (1974). C. Vann Woodward (ed.). Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct. Delacorte Press Dell Publishing Co., Inc. ISBN 978-0440059233.
Banner 1974, pp. 36–37. Banner, James M. Jr. (1974). C. Vann Woodward (ed.). Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct. Delacorte Press Dell Publishing Co., Inc. ISBN 978-0440059233.
Banner 1974, pp. 37–38. Banner, James M. Jr. (1974). C. Vann Woodward (ed.). Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct. Delacorte Press Dell Publishing Co., Inc. ISBN 978-0440059233.
Banner 1974, p. 38. Banner, James M. Jr. (1974). C. Vann Woodward (ed.). Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct. Delacorte Press Dell Publishing Co., Inc. ISBN 978-0440059233.
Banner 1974, pp. 38–39. Banner, James M. Jr. (1974). C. Vann Woodward (ed.). Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct. Delacorte Press Dell Publishing Co., Inc. ISBN 978-0440059233.
Banner 1974, p. 39. Banner, James M. Jr. (1974). C. Vann Woodward (ed.). Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct. Delacorte Press Dell Publishing Co., Inc. ISBN 978-0440059233.
Hayes, 2008, pp. 504–505. Hayes, Kevin J. (2008). The Road to Monticello: The Life and Mind of Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195307580.
Bernstein, 2003, p. 168; Meacham, 2012, p. 430. Bernstein, Richard B. (2003). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195181302. Meacham, Jon (2012). Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power. Random House LLC. ISBN 978-0679645368.
Burstein, 2010, pp. 497–498. ——; Isenberg, Nancy (2010). Madison and Jefferson. Random House. ISBN 978-1400067282.
Tucker, 1990, v. 1, pp. 204–209, 232. —— (1990). Empire of Liberty: The Statecraft of Thomas Jefferson. Cogliano Press. ISBN 978-0198022763.
Ellis, 1996, p. 238; Appleby, 2003, pp. 128–129. Ellis, Joseph J. (1996). American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0679444909. online free Appleby, Joyce Oldham (2003). Thomas Jefferson: The American Presidents Series: The 3rd President, 1801–1809. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0805069242.
Ellis, 1996, p. 238. Ellis, Joseph J. (1996). American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0679444909. online free
Ellis, 1996, p. 232; Meacham, 2012, pp. 463–465. Ellis, Joseph J. (1996). American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0679444909. online free Meacham, Jon (2012). Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power. Random House LLC. ISBN 978-0679645368.
Adams, 1888, p. 48. Adams, Herbert Baxter (1888). Thomas Jefferson and the University of Virginia. U.S. Government Printing Office.
Peterson, 1970, ch. 11 [e-book]. —— (1970). Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation; a Biography. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195000542.
Gordon-Reed, 2008, p. 649. —— (2008). The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393064773.
Ellis, 2003, pp. 207, 209. —— (2003). Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1400077687.
McCullough, 2001, pp. 603–605. McCullough, David (2001). John Adams. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1471104527.
Ellis, 2003, pp. 213, 230. —— (2003). Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1400077687.
McCullough, 2001, p. 646. McCullough, David (2001). John Adams. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1471104527.
Ellis, 2003, p. 248. —— (2003). Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1400077687.
Berstein, 2003, p. 179. Bernstein, Richard B. (2003). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195181302.
Kaufman & Macpherson 2005, p. 427. Kaufman, Will; Macpherson, Heidi Slettedahl (2005). Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1851094318.
Mapp, 1991, p. 328. Mapp, Alf J. (1991). Jefferson: Passionate Pilgrim. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0517098882.
Malone, 1981, pp. 403–404; Brodie, 1998, p. 460; Crawford, 2008, pp. 202–203. —— (1981). The Sage of Monticello. Jefferson and His Time. Vol. 6. Little Brown. ISBN 978-0316544788. Brodie, Fawn (1974). Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393317527. Crawford, Alan Pell (2008). Twilight at Monticello: The Final Years of Thomas Jefferson. Random House Digital. ISBN 978-1400060795.
Ellis, 1996, pp. 287–288. Ellis, Joseph J. (1996). American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0679444909. online free
McCullough, 2001, p. 646 McCullough, David (2001). John Adams. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1471104527.
Ellis, 2003, p. 248 —— (2003). Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1400077687.
Bernstein, 2003, p. 189. Bernstein, Richard B. (2003). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195181302.
Bernstein, 2003, p. xii. Bernstein, Richard B. (2003). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195181302.
Ellis, 1996, p. 289. Ellis, Joseph J. (1996). American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0679444909. online free
Cogliano, 2008, p. 14. Cogliano, Francis D (2008). Thomas Jefferson: Reputation and Legacy. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0748624997.
Cogliano, 2008, p. 26. Cogliano, Francis D (2008). Thomas Jefferson: Reputation and Legacy. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0748624997.
Mayer, 1994, p. 76. Mayer, David N. (1994). The Constitutional Thought of Thomas Jefferson (Constitutionalism and Democracy). University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0813914855.
Smith, 2003, p. 314. Smith, Robert C. (2003). Encyclopedia of African American Politics. Infobase Publishing. p. 433. ISBN 978-1438130194.
Marsoobian, Armen T.; Ryder, John (2008). The Blackwell Guide to American Philosophy. John Wiley & Sons. p. 4. ISBN 978-1405142960.
Richard, Carl J. (2006). The Battle for the American Mind: A Brief History of a Nation's Thought. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 94. ISBN 978-0742534360.
Sanford, Charles B. (1984). The Religious Life of Thomas Jefferson. University of Virginia Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0813911311.
Bassani, 2010, p. 113. Bassani, Luigi Marco (2010). Liberty, State & Union: The Political Theory of Thomas Jefferson. Mercer University Press. ISBN 978-0881461862.
Wilson, 2012, p. 584. Wilson, Steven Harmon (2012). The U.S. Justice System: Law and constitution in early America. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1598843040.
Mayer, 1994, p. 328. Mayer, David N. (1994). The Constitutional Thought of Thomas Jefferson (Constitutionalism and Democracy). University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0813914855.
Peterson, 1960, p. 340. Peterson, Merrill D. (1960). The Jefferson Image in the American Mind. University of Virginia Press. 1998 Revised reprint. ISBN 978-0-8139-1851-8
Golden & Golden, 2002, p. 60. Golden, James L.; Golden, Alan L. (2002). Thomas Jefferson and the Rhetoric of Virtue. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0742520806.
Bober, 2008, p. 264. Bober, Natalie (2008). Thomas Jefferson: Draftsman of a Nation. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0813927329.
Appleby, 2003, pp. 57–58, 84. Appleby, Joyce Oldham (2003). Thomas Jefferson: The American Presidents Series: The 3rd President, 1801–1809. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0805069242.
Keyssar, 2009, p. 10. Keyssar, Alexander (2009). The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465010141.
Keyssar, 2009, p. 37. Keyssar, Alexander (2009). The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465010141.
Onuf, 2007, pp. 139–168. —— (2007). The Mind of Thomas Jefferson. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0813926117.
Peterson, 1970, ch. 2 [e-book]. —— (1970). Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation; a Biography. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195000542.
Finkelman, 2006, p. 921. Finkelman, Paul, ed. (2006). The Encyclopedia of American Civil Liberties A-F Index. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-1135947040.
Yarbrough, 2006, p. 28. Yarbrough, Jean M.; Jefferson, Thomas (2006). The Essential Jefferson. Hackett Publishing. ISBN 978-1603843782.
Bailey, 2007, p. 82; Wood, 2010, p. 144; Meacham, 2012, p. 249. Bailey, Jeremy D. (2007). Thomas Jefferson and Executive Power. Twenty-First Century Books. ISBN 978-1139466295. —— (2010). Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789–1815. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195039146. Meacham, Jon (2012). Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power. Random House LLC. ISBN 978-0679645368.
Cogliano, 2006, p. 219; Onuf, 2007, p. 258. Cogliano, Francis D (2008). Thomas Jefferson: Reputation and Legacy. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0748624997. —— (2007). The Mind of Thomas Jefferson. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0813926117.
Gordon-Reed, 2008, p. 292. —— (2008). The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393064773.
Howe, 2009, p. 74. Howe, Daniel Walker (2009). Making the American Self: Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199740796.
Freehling, 2005, p. 70. Freehling, William W. (2005). Levinson, Sanford; Sparrow, Bartholomew H. (eds.). The Louisiana Purchase and American Expansion, 1803–1898 The Louisiana Purchase and the Coming of the Civil War. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. pp. 69–82. ISBN 978-0742549838.
Appleby, 2003, pp. 139–140. Appleby, Joyce Oldham (2003). Thomas Jefferson: The American Presidents Series: The 3rd President, 1801–1809. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0805069242.
Peterson, 1970, pp. 998–999; Meacham, 2012, p. 478; Helo, 2013, p. 105. —— (1970). Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation; a Biography. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195000542. Meacham, Jon (2012). Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power. Random House LLC. ISBN 978-0679645368. Helo, Ari (2013). Thomas Jefferson's Ethics and the Politics of Human Progress: The Morality of a Slaveholder. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107435551.
In 1853, William Wells Brown published a novel called Clotel; or, The President's Daughter alluding to Jefferson. This is the first novel in America published by anyone of African descent.Hyland, 2009, pp. ix, 2–3. Hyland, William G (2009). In Defense of Thomas Jefferson: The Sally Hemings Sex Scandal. Carolina Academic Press. ISBN 978-0890890851.
Hyland, 2009, pp. 30–31, 79; Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society Hyland, William G (2009). In Defense of Thomas Jefferson: The Sally Hemings Sex Scandal. Carolina Academic Press. ISBN 978-0890890851. "The Jefferson Hemings Controversy – Report of The Scholars Commission: Summary" (PDF). Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society. 2011 [2001]. pp. 8–9, 11, 15–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 18, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
Gordon-Reed, 1997, pp. 657–660. Gordon-Reed, Annette (1997). Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy. University Press of Virginia. ISBN 978-0813916989.
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Library of Congress "Jefferson's library". Library of Congress. April 24, 2000. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
"Legacy: Thomas Jefferson". Library of Congress.gov. April 24, 2000. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
Meacham, 2012, p. 213. The full letter to William S. Smith can be seen at the Library of Congress Meacham, Jon (2012). Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power. Random House LLC. ISBN 978-0679645368.

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"Deaths of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson on July 4th", Library of Congress, July 6, 2022

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TJF: Thomas Jefferson's Enlightenment and American Indians "Thomas Jefferson's Enlightenment and American Indians". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
TJF: Maria Cosway (Engraving) "Maria Cosway (Engraving)". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
TJF: Coded Messages "Coded Messages". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
"Thomas Jefferson's Enlightenment and American Indians". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved July 10, 2024./
TJF: President Jefferson and the Indian Nations "President Jefferson and the Indian Nations". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
TJF: Embargo of 1807 "Embargo of 1807". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
TJF: James Madison "James Madison". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
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Thomas Jefferson Foundation: "Thomas Jefferson, A Brief Biography" "Thomas Jefferson: A Brief Biography". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
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TJF: "Jefferson's Religious Beliefs" "Thomas Jefferson's Religious Beliefs". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
TJF: Slavery at Monticello – Property "Slavery at Monticello FAQ – Property". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
TJF: Slavery at Monticello – Work "Slavery at Monticello FAQ – Work". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
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TJF: Thomas Jefferson and Slavery "Thomas Jefferson and Slavery". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
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Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings A Brief Account. "Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings A Brief Account". monticello.org. Retrieved October 4, 2020.
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TJF: Italy – Language "Italy – Language". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
TJF: Spanish Language "Spanish Language". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
TJF: "Public speaking" "Public Speaking". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
Martin, Russell L. (April 1989). "Patents". Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved September 20, 2022.; source also links to two related 21st-century sources
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Meymandi, Assad (July 2011). "Thomas Jefferson loved music". Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience. 8 (7): 54–55. ISSN 2158-8341. PMC 3159545. PMID 21860846.

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"People and Ideas: Early America's Formation". Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved April 30, 2022. Like other Founding Fathers, Jefferson was considered a Deist, subscribing to the liberal religious strand of Deism that values reason over revelation and rejects traditional Christian doctrines, including the Virgin Birth, original sin and the resurrection of Jesus. While he rejected orthodoxy, Jefferson was nevertheless a religious man. [...] Influenced by the British Unitarian Joseph Priestley, Jefferson set his prodigious intellect and energy on the historical figure at the center of the Christian faith: Jesus of Nazareth. Jefferson became convinced that Jesus' message had been obscured and corrupted by the apostle Paul, the Gospel writers and Protestant reformers.
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Babcock, Loren E. (March 18, 2024). "Nomenclatural history of Megalonyx Jefferson, 1799 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Pilosa, Megalonychidae)". ZooKeys (1195): 297–308. Bibcode:2024ZooK.1195..297B. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1195.117999. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 10964019. PMID 38532771.
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Foster et al., 1998 Foster, Eugene A.; et al. (November 5, 1998). "Jefferson fathered slave's last child". Nature. 396 (6706): 27–28. Bibcode:1998Natur.396...27F. doi:10.1038/23835. PMID 9817200. S2CID 4424562.
- Wilkinson, A. B. (2019). "Slave Life at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello". American Quarterly. 71: 247–264. doi:10.1353/aq.2019.0017. S2CID 150519408. The general consensus among historians now agrees with Madison Hemings's version of the relationship between his mother and father ...
- Sues, H.-D.; Olsen, P. E. (1990). "Triassic Vertebrates of Gondwanan Aspect from the Richmond Basin of Virginia". Science. 249 (4972): 1020–1023. Bibcode:1990Sci...249.1020S. doi:10.1126/science.249.4972.1020. PMID 17789610. S2CID 36310187. Archived from the original on May 24, 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2022 – via ResearchGate.
- Kula, R. R. (January 1, 2009). "Review of the New World Species of Coiba Marsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae), Including Descriptions of Two New Species, New Distribution Records, and A Key to Species". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 111 (1): 183–198. doi:10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.183. S2CID 85410959. Archived from the original on May 24, 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2022 – via ResearchGate.

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Wiencek, Henry (October 2012). "The Dark Side of Thomas Jefferson". Smithsonian Magazine.

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"The Jefferson-Hemings Controversy Report of the Scholars Commission" (PDF). 2000–2001. p. 70. The DNA tests could not discriminate among the more than two dozen adult male Jeffersons in Virginia at the time Eston Hemings was conceived, and there is reasonable evidence to suggest that at least seven of those men (including Thomas Jefferson) may well have been at Monticello when Sally became pregnant with Eston.

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

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Finkelman, 1989, pp. 21–51. Finkelman, Paul (1989). "Evading the Ordinance: The Persistence of Bondage in Indiana and Illinois". Journal of the Early Republic. 9 (1): 21–51. doi:10.2307/3123523. JSTOR 3123523. SSRN 1432011.

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"Thomas Jefferson". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. December 16, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2022.

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De Witte, 2020 De Witte, Melissa (July 1, 2020). "When Thomas Jefferson penned 'all men are created equal,' he did not mean individual equality, says Stanford scholar". StandfordReport. Retrieved October 4, 2024.

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Finkelman, 1994, p. 215. Finkelman, Paul (April 1994). "Thomas Jefferson and Antislavery: The Myth Goes On" (PDF). The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. Vol. 102, no. 2. Virginia Historical Society. pp. 193–228.
Finkelman, 1994, pp. 220–221. Finkelman, Paul (April 1994). "Thomas Jefferson and Antislavery: The Myth Goes On" (PDF). The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. Vol. 102, no. 2. Virginia Historical Society. pp. 193–228.

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

Bowers, Claude G. (January 1, 1953). "Jefferson and Civil Liberties". The Atlantic. ISSN 2151-9463. Retrieved February 4, 2025.

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Hyland, 2009, pp. 30–31, 79; Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society Hyland, William G (2009). In Defense of Thomas Jefferson: The Sally Hemings Sex Scandal. Carolina Academic Press. ISBN 978-0890890851. "The Jefferson Hemings Controversy – Report of The Scholars Commission: Summary" (PDF). Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society. 2011 [2001]. pp. 8–9, 11, 15–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 18, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2016.

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Thomas Jefferson, Resolutions Relative to the Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798 Jefferson, Thomas (November 10, 1798). "Thomas Jefferson, Resolutions Relative to the Alien and Sedition Acts". The Founder's Constitution. University of Chicago Press. Retrieved November 2, 2015.

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Jacavone 2017, p. 17. Jacavone, Jared (2017). The Paid Vote: America's Neutrality During the Greek War for Independence (MA thesis). University of Rhode Island. doi:10.23860/thesis-jacavone-jared-2017.
Jacavone 2017, p. 29. Jacavone, Jared (2017). The Paid Vote: America's Neutrality During the Greek War for Independence (MA thesis). University of Rhode Island. doi:10.23860/thesis-jacavone-jared-2017.
Jacavone 2017, p. 18. Jacavone, Jared (2017). The Paid Vote: America's Neutrality During the Greek War for Independence (MA thesis). University of Rhode Island. doi:10.23860/thesis-jacavone-jared-2017.
Jacavone 2017, p. 19. Jacavone, Jared (2017). The Paid Vote: America's Neutrality During the Greek War for Independence (MA thesis). University of Rhode Island. doi:10.23860/thesis-jacavone-jared-2017.

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"The Meeting of Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and George III". engagement.virginia.edu. July 7, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2022.

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Jefferson Bible, 1820 "The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth". 1820. Retrieved August 12, 2010.

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"Castle Hill". Virginia Department of Historic Resources. November 16, 1971. Retrieved July 10, 2025. Here in 1781 Walker's wife delayed the British colonel Banastre Tarleton to give the patriot Jack Jouett time to warn Thomas Jefferson and the Virginia legislators of Tarleton's plan to capture them. The stately brick portion, an example of Jeffersonian classicism by master builder John M. Perry, was erected in 1823-24 for William Cabell Rives, minister to France, U.S. senator, and Confederate congressman. Columned conservatories were added in 1844 by William B. Phillips. Rives's granddaughter Amelie, ...

vmnh.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ward, Lauck (2007). "Virginia's Coastal Plain: Where the New World Originated" (PDF). Inside Virginia Museum of Natural History Research (2): 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 28, 2011. Retrieved March 31, 2012.

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Kranish, Michael (November 2, 2025). "Thomas Jefferson said Norfolk must be destroyed — and records reveal the Patriots burned much of it themselves". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 5, 2025.
Thompson, Krissah (February 18, 2017). "For decades they hid Jefferson's relationship with her. Now Monticello is making room for Sally Hemings". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 27, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Millfeld, Becca (November 2, 2004). "Shhh! The Secret Side to the College's Lesser Known Societies". The DoG Street Journal. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
Autobiography of Thomas Jefferson, 1743–1790 "Bookquick/"The Autobiography of Thomas Jefferson, 1743–1790" | Penn Current". Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 12, 2015.
TJF: Quotations on slavery (May 11, 1805) "Quotations on Slavery and Emancipation". Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
Thompson, Krissah (February 18, 2017). "For decades they hid Jefferson's relationship with her. Now Monticello is making room for Sally Hemings". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 27, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
Hyland, 2009, pp. 30–31, 79; Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society Hyland, William G (2009). In Defense of Thomas Jefferson: The Sally Hemings Sex Scandal. Carolina Academic Press. ISBN 978-0890890851. "The Jefferson Hemings Controversy – Report of The Scholars Commission: Summary" (PDF). Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society. 2011 [2001]. pp. 8–9, 11, 15–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 18, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
Univ. Virginia archives: Miller Center "American President: A Reference Resource". University of Virginia: Miller Center. Archived from the original on August 26, 2014. Retrieved August 26, 2014.
American Philosophical Society, 2016: Gathering voices "Gathering Voices: Thomas Jefferson and Native America". American Philosophical Society. Archived from the original on August 13, 2016. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
SRI, 2010. "Siena Poll: American Presidents". Siena Research Institute. July 6, 2010. Archived from the original on July 6, 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
Mark Isaak (December 24, 2010). "Etymology: Named after People". Curiosities of Biological Nomenclature. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2025.
Ward, Lauck (2007). "Virginia's Coastal Plain: Where the New World Originated" (PDF). Inside Virginia Museum of Natural History Research (2): 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 28, 2011. Retrieved March 31, 2012.
Scudder, S. H. (1900). "Adephagous and clavicorn Coleoptera from the Tertiary deposits at Florissant, Colorado with descriptions of a few other forms and a systematic list of the non-rhynchophorus Tertiary Coleoptera of North America". Monographs of the United States Geological Survey. 40: 2. Bibcode:1900usgs.rept....2S. doi:10.3133/m40. Archived from the original on June 22, 2022. Retrieved June 22, 2022 – via BHL.
Sues, H.-D.; Olsen, P. E. (1990). "Triassic Vertebrates of Gondwanan Aspect from the Richmond Basin of Virginia". Science. 249 (4972): 1020–1023. Bibcode:1990Sci...249.1020S. doi:10.1126/science.249.4972.1020. PMID 17789610. S2CID 36310187. Archived from the original on May 24, 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2022 – via ResearchGate.
Kula, R. R. (January 1, 2009). "Review of the New World Species of Coiba Marsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae), Including Descriptions of Two New Species, New Distribution Records, and A Key to Species". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 111 (1): 183–198. doi:10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.183. S2CID 85410959. Archived from the original on May 24, 2024. Retrieved June 22, 2022 – via ResearchGate.

wm.edu (Global: 4,824^th place; English: 2,652^nd place)

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"F. H. C Society (Flat Hat Club)". Special Collections Knowledgebase. September 30, 1920. Retrieved November 5, 2025.

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"John Marshall, the Great Chief Justice". William & Mary Law School. Retrieved April 9, 2025.

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Bowers, Claude G. (January 1, 1953). "Jefferson and Civil Liberties". The Atlantic. ISSN 2151-9463. Retrieved February 4, 2025.
Neem, Johann N. (April 2, 2013). "Developing Freedom: Thomas Jefferson, the State, and Human Capability". Studies in American Political Development. 27 (1): 36–50. doi:10.1017/S0898588X13000023. ISSN 0898-588X.
Malone, 1948, pp. 5–6. —— (1948). Jefferson, The Virginian. Jefferson and His Time. Vol. 1. Little Brown. OCLC 1823927., Ebook
Kern, Susan A. (2010). The Jefferson's at Shadwell. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0195169119. OCLC 51854624.^{[page needed]}
Malone, 1948, pp. 31–33. —— (1948). Jefferson, The Virginian. Jefferson and His Time. Vol. 1. Little Brown. OCLC 1823927., Ebook
Malone, 1948, pp. 437–440. —— (1948). Jefferson, The Virginian. Jefferson and His Time. Vol. 1. Little Brown. OCLC 1823927., Ebook
Malone, 1948, p. 53. —— (1948). Jefferson, The Virginian. Jefferson and His Time. Vol. 1. Little Brown. OCLC 1823927., Ebook
Malone, 1948, pp. 47, 158. —— (1948). Jefferson, The Virginian. Jefferson and His Time. Vol. 1. Little Brown. OCLC 1823927., Ebook
Brewer, Holly (1997). "Entailing Aristocracy in Colonial Virginia: 'Ancient Feudal Restraints' and Revolutionary Reform". William and Mary Quarterly. 54 (2): 307–346. doi:10.2307/2953276. ISSN 0043-5597. JSTOR 2953276.
Earle 1927, p. 49. Earle, Edward Mead (1927). "American Interest in the Greek Cause, 1821–1827". The American Historical Review. 33 (1): 44–63. doi:10.2307/1838110. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 1838110.
Babcock, Loren E. (March 18, 2024). "Nomenclatural history of Megalonyx Jefferson, 1799 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Pilosa, Megalonychidae)". ZooKeys (1195): 297–308. Bibcode:2024ZooK.1195..297B. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1195.117999. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 10964019. PMID 38532771.
Jefferson, Thomas (1799). "A Memoir on the Discovery of Certain Bones of a Quadruped of the Clawed Kind in the Western Parts of Virginia". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 4: 246–260. doi:10.2307/1005103. ISSN 0065-9746. JSTOR 1005103.
Simpson, George Gaylord (1942). "The Beginnings of Vertebrate Paleontology in North America". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 86 (1): 130–188. ISSN 0003-049X. JSTOR 985085.
Meymandi, Assad (July 2011). "Thomas Jefferson loved music". Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience. 8 (7): 54–55. ISSN 2158-8341. PMC 3159545. PMID 21860846.
Babcock, Loren E. (March 18, 2024). "Nomenclatural history of Megalonyx Jefferson, 1799 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Pilosa, Megalonychidae)". ZooKeys (1195): 297–308. Bibcode:2024ZooK.1195..297B. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1195.117999. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 10964019. PMID 38532771.

Thomas Jefferson (English Wikipedia)

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