References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Thought disorder" in the English version

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"Derailment". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. n.d. Retrieved 23 February 2020.

"Thought disorder". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. n.d. Retrieved 23 February 2020.

"Formal thought disorder". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. n.d. Retrieved 23 February 2020.

"Disorganized speech". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. n.d. Retrieved 23 February 2020.

"Distractible speech". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. n.d. Retrieved 3 March 2020.

"Evasion". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. n.d. Retrieved 23 February 2020.

"Pressured speech". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. n.d. Retrieved 23 February 2020.

"Tangential speech". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. n.d. Retrieved 23 February 2020.

"Blocking". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. n.d. Retrieved 23 February 2020.

"Content-thought disorder". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. n.d. Retrieved 23 February 2020.

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Hart M, Lewine RR (May 2017). "Rethinking Thought Disorder". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 43 (3): 514–522. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx003. PMC 5464106. PMID 28204762.

Uzman Özbek S, Alptekin K (January 2022). "Thought Disorder as a Neglected Dimension in Schizophrenia". Alpha Psychiatry. 23 (1): 5–11. doi:10.1530/alphapsychiatry.2021.21371 (inactive 17 July 2025). PMC 9674097. PMID 36425242.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)

Roche E, Creed L, MacMahon D, Brennan D, Clarke M (July 2015). "The Epidemiology and Associated Phenomenology of Formal Thought Disorder: A Systematic Review". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 41 (4): 951–62. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu129. PMC 4466171. PMID 25180313.

Hardan, Antonio Y.; Gilbert, Andrew R. (2009). "Schizophrenia, Phobias, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder". Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics. pp. 474–482. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4160-3370-7.00048-1. ISBN 978-1-4160-3370-7.

Kircher T, Bröhl H, Meier F, Engelen J (June 2018). "Formal thought disorders: from phenomenology to neurobiology". The Lancet. Psychiatry. 5 (6): 515–526. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30059-2. PMID 29678679. S2CID 5036067.

Bora E, Yalincetin B, Akdede BB, Alptekin K (July 2019). "Neurocognitive and linguistic correlates of positive and negative formal thought disorder: A meta-analysis". Schizophrenia Research. 209: 2–11. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.05.025. PMID 31153670. S2CID 167221363.

Barrera A, McKenna PJ, Berrios GE (2009). "Formal thought disorder, neuropsychology and insight in schizophrenia". Psychopathology. 42 (4): 264–9. doi:10.1159/000224150. PMID 19521143. S2CID 26079338.

APA Work Group on Psychiatric Evaluation (January 2021). "The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the Psychiatric Evaluation of Adults: Guideline V. Assessment of Cultural Factors". Focus. 18 (1): 71–74. doi:10.1176/appi.focus.18105. ISSN 1541-4094. PMC 6996070. PMID 32015730.

Eberle, David J.; Maercker, Andreas (March 2022). "Preoccupation as psychopathological process and symptom in adjustment disorder: A scoping review". Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. 29 (2): 455–468. doi:10.1002/cpp.2657. ISSN 1063-3995. PMC 9291616. PMID 34355464.

Kircher T, Krug A, Stratmann M, Ghazi S, Schales C, Frauenheim M, et al. (December 2014). "A rating scale for the assessment of objective and subjective formal Thought and Language Disorder (TALD)". Schizophrenia Research. 160 (1–3): 216–21. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.024. hdl:10576/4730. PMID 25458572.

de Bruin, Esther I.; Verheij, Fop; Wiegman, Tamar; Ferdinand, Robert F. (January 2007). "Assessment of formal thought disorder: The relation between the Kiddie Formal Thought Disorder Rating Scale and clinical judgment". Psychiatry Research. 149 (1–3): 239–246. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.01.018. PMID 17156854.

Andreasen, N. C. (1 January 1986). "Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language, and Communication (TLC)". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 12 (3): 473–482. doi:10.1093/schbul/12.3.473. ISSN 0586-7614. PMID 3764363.

Andreasen NC (November 1979). "Thought, language, and communication disorders. I. Clinical assessment, definition of terms, and evaluation of their reliability". Archives of General Psychiatry. 36 (12): 1315–21. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780120045006. PMID 496551.

Jerónimo J, Queirós T, Cheniaux E, Telles-Correia D (2018). "Formal Thought Disorders-Historical Roots". Front Psychiatry. 9 572. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00572. PMC 6237835. PMID 30473667.

Jimeno N (January 2024). "Language and communication rehabilitation in patients with schizophrenia: A narrative review". Heliyon. 10 (2) e24897. Bibcode:2024Heliy..1024897J. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24897. PMC 10835363. PMID 38312547.

Holzman, P. S.; Shenton, M. E.; Solovay, M. R. (January 1986). "Quality of Thought Disorder in Differential Diagnosis". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 12 (3): 360–372. doi:10.1093/schbul/12.3.360. PMID 3764357.

Nestor, Paul G.; Shenton, Martha E.; Wible, Cindy; Hokama, Hiroto; O'Donnell, Brian F.; Law, Susan; McCarley, Robert W. (February 1998). "A neuropsychological analysis of schizophrenic thought disorder". Schizophrenia Research. 29 (3): 217–225. doi:10.1016/S0920-9964(97)00101-1. PMID 9516662.

Solovay, Margie R. (January 1987). "Comparative Studies of Thought Disorders: I. Mania and Schizophrenia". Archives of General Psychiatry. 44 (1): 13–20. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800130015003. PMID 3800579.

Yalincetin, Berna; Bora, Emre; Binbay, Tolga; Ulas, Halis; Akdede, Berna Binnur; Alptekin, Koksal (July 2017). "Formal thought disorder in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Schizophrenia Research. 185: 2–8. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.12.015. PMID 28017494.

Marengo, J. T.; Harrow, M. (January 1997). "Longitudinal Courses of Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 23 (2): 273–285. doi:10.1093/schbul/23.2.273. PMID 9165637.

de Sousa, Paulo; Spray, Amy; Sellwood, William; Bentall, Richard P. (December 2015). "'No man is an island'. Testing the specific role of social isolation in formal thought disorder". Psychiatry Research. 230 (2): 304–313. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.010. PMID 26384574.

Singer, Margaret Thaler; WYNNE, LC (February 1965). "Thought Disorder and Family Relations of Schizophrenics: IV. Results and Implications". Archives of General Psychiatry. 12 (2): 201–212. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720320089010. PMID 14237630.

Cuesta, Manuel J.; Peralta, Victor; De Leon, Jose (January 1994). "Schizophrenic syndromes associated with treatment response". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 18 (1): 87–99. doi:10.1016/0278-5846(94)90026-4. PMID 7906897.

Wang, X; Savage, R; Borisov, A; Rosenberg, J; Woolwine, B; Tucker, M; May, R; Feldman, J; Nemeroff, C; Miller, A (October 2006). "Efficacy of risperidone versus olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia previously on chronic conventional antipsychotic therapy: A switch study". Journal of Psychiatric Research. 40 (7): 669–676. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.03.008. PMID 16762371.

Remberk, Barbara; Namysłowska, Irena; Rybakowski, Filip (December 2012). "Cognition and communication dysfunctions in early-onset schizophrenia: Effect of risperidone". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 39 (2): 348–354. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.07.007. PMID 22819848.

Namyslowska, Irena (January 1975). "Thought disorders in schizophrenia before and after pharmacological treatment". Comprehensive Psychiatry. 16 (1): 37–42. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(75)90018-8. PMID 1109833.

Hurt, Stephen W. (December 1983). "Thought Disorder: The Measurement of Its Changes". Archives of General Psychiatry. 40 (12): 1281–1285. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790110023005. PMID 6139992.

Spohn, H. E.; Coyne, L.; Larson, J.; Mittleman, F.; Spray, J.; Hayes, K. (January 1986). "Episodic and Residual Thought Pathology in Chronic Schizophrenics: Effect of Neuroleptics". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 12 (3): 394–407. doi:10.1093/schbul/12.3.394. PMID 2876514.

Palmier-Claus, Jasper; Griffiths, Robert; Murphy, Elizabeth; Parker, Sophie; Longden, Eleanor; Bowe, Samantha; Steele, Ann; French, Paul; Morrison, Anthony; Tai, Sara (2 October 2017). "Cognitive behavioural therapy for thought disorder in psychosis" (PDF). Psychosis. 9 (4): 347–357. doi:10.1080/17522439.2017.1363276.

Çokal, Derya; Sevilla, Gabriel; Jones, William Stephen; Zimmerer, Vitor; Deamer, Felicity; Douglas, Maggie; Spencer, Helen; Turkington, Douglas; Ferrier, Nicol; Varley, Rosemary; Watson, Stuart; Hinzen, Wolfram (19 September 2018). "The language profile of formal thought disorder". npj Schizophrenia. 4 (1): 18. doi:10.1038/s41537-018-0061-9. PMC 6145886. PMID 30232371.

Ganos, Christos; Ogrzal, Timo; Schnitzler, Alfons; Münchau, Alexander (September 2012). "The pathophysiology of echopraxia/echolalia: Relevance to Gilles De La Tourette syndrome". Movement Disorders. 27 (10): 1222–1229. doi:10.1002/mds.25103. PMID 22807284.

Rohrer JD, Rossor MN, Warren JD (February 2009). "Neologistic jargon aphasia and agraphia in primary progressive aphasia". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 277 (1–2): 155–9. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2008.10.014. PMC 2633035. PMID 19033077.

Akiskal HS (2016). "1 The Mental Status Examination". In Fatemi SH, Clayton PJ (eds.). The Medical Basis of Psychiatry (4th ed.). New York: Springer Science+Business Media. 1.5.5. Speech and Thought., pp. 8–10. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2528-5. ISBN 978-1-4939-2528-5.

Kurowski, Kathleen; Blumstein, Sheila E. (February 2016). "Phonetic basis of phonemic paraphasias in aphasia: Evidence for cascading activation". Cortex. 75: 193–203. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.12.005. PMC 4754157. PMID 26808838.

Cicero, David C.; Kerns, John G. (April 2011). "Unpleasant and pleasant referential thinking: Relations with self-processing, paranoia, and other schizotypal traits". Journal of Research in Personality. 45 (2): 208–218. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2011.02.002. PMC 4447705. PMID 26028792.

Buckingham, Hugh W.; Rekart, Deborah M. (January 1979). "Semantic paraphasia". Journal of Communication Disorders. 12 (3): 197–209. doi:10.1016/0021-9924(79)90041-8. PMID 438359.

Wensing, T.; Cieslik, E. C.; Müller, V. I.; Hoffstaedter, F.; Eickhoff, S. B.; Nickl-Jockschat, T. (2017). "Neural correlates of formal thought disorder: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis". Human Brain Mapping. 38 (10): 4946–4965. doi:10.1002/hbm.23706. PMC 5685170. PMID 28653797.

Andreasen NC (November 1979). "Thought, language, and communication disorders. II. Diagnostic significance". Archives of General Psychiatry. 36 (12): 1325–30. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780120055007. PMID 496552.

Solomon M, Ozonoff S, Carter C, Caplan R (September 2008). "Formal thought disorder and the autism spectrum: relationship with symptoms, executive control, and anxiety". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 38 (8): 1474–84. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0526-6. PMC 5519298. PMID 18297385.

Tufan, Ali Evren; Bilici, Rabia; Usta, Genco; Erdoğan, Ayten (December 2012). "Mood disorder with mixed, psychotic features due to vitamin b12 deficiency in an adolescent: case report". Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 6 (1): 25. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-6-25. PMC 3404901. PMID 22726236.

Thought Disorder (2016), 25.6. Relationship Between Thought Disorders and Other Symptoms of Schizophrenia., pp. 503–504. cited

Arndt S, Alliger RJ, Andreasen NC (March 1991). "The distinction of positive and negative symptoms. The failure of a two-dimensional model". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 158: 317–22. doi:10.1192/bjp.158.3.317. PMID 2036528. S2CID 41383575.
Miller DD, Arndt S, Andreasen NC (2004). "Alogia, attentional impairment, and inappropriate affect: their status in the dimensions of schizophrenia". Comprehensive Psychiatry. 34 (4): 221–6. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(93)90002-L. PMID 8348799.

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Hart M, Lewine RR (May 2017). "Rethinking Thought Disorder". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 43 (3): 514–522. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx003. PMC 5464106. PMID 28204762.

Snyderman, Danielle; Rovner, Barry (15 October 2009). "Mental status exam in primary care: a review". American Family Physician. 80 (8): 809–814. ISSN 1532-0650. PMID 19835342.

Norris, David R.; Clark, Molly S. (1 April 2021). "The Suicidal Patient: Evaluation and Management". American Family Physician. 103 (7): 417–421. ISSN 1532-0650. PMID 33788523.

Jerónimo J, Queirós T, Cheniaux E, Telles-Correia D (2018). "Formal Thought Disorders-Historical Roots". Front Psychiatry. 9 572. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00572. PMC 6237835. PMID 30473667.

Hurt, Stephen W. (December 1983). "Thought Disorder: The Measurement of Its Changes". Archives of General Psychiatry. 40 (12): 1281–1285. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790110023005. PMID 6139992.

Buckingham, Hugh W.; Rekart, Deborah M. (January 1979). "Semantic paraphasia". Journal of Communication Disorders. 12 (3): 197–209. doi:10.1016/0021-9924(79)90041-8. PMID 438359.

Thought Disorder (2016), 25.6. Relationship Between Thought Disorders and Other Symptoms of Schizophrenia., pp. 503–504. cited

Arndt S, Alliger RJ, Andreasen NC (March 1991). "The distinction of positive and negative symptoms. The failure of a two-dimensional model". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 158: 317–22. doi:10.1192/bjp.158.3.317. PMID 2036528. S2CID 41383575.
Miller DD, Arndt S, Andreasen NC (2004). "Alogia, attentional impairment, and inappropriate affect: their status in the dimensions of schizophrenia". Comprehensive Psychiatry. 34 (4): 221–6. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(93)90002-L. PMID 8348799.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hart M, Lewine RR (May 2017). "Rethinking Thought Disorder". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 43 (3): 514–522. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx003. PMC 5464106. PMID 28204762.
Uzman Özbek S, Alptekin K (January 2022). "Thought Disorder as a Neglected Dimension in Schizophrenia". Alpha Psychiatry. 23 (1): 5–11. doi:10.1530/alphapsychiatry.2021.21371 (inactive 17 July 2025). PMC 9674097. PMID 36425242.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
Roche E, Creed L, MacMahon D, Brennan D, Clarke M (July 2015). "The Epidemiology and Associated Phenomenology of Formal Thought Disorder: A Systematic Review". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 41 (4): 951–62. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu129. PMC 4466171. PMID 25180313.
APA Work Group on Psychiatric Evaluation (January 2021). "The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the Psychiatric Evaluation of Adults: Guideline V. Assessment of Cultural Factors". Focus. 18 (1): 71–74. doi:10.1176/appi.focus.18105. ISSN 1541-4094. PMC 6996070. PMID 32015730.
Eberle, David J.; Maercker, Andreas (March 2022). "Preoccupation as psychopathological process and symptom in adjustment disorder: A scoping review". Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. 29 (2): 455–468. doi:10.1002/cpp.2657. ISSN 1063-3995. PMC 9291616. PMID 34355464.
Jerónimo J, Queirós T, Cheniaux E, Telles-Correia D (2018). "Formal Thought Disorders-Historical Roots". Front Psychiatry. 9 572. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00572. PMC 6237835. PMID 30473667.
Jimeno N (January 2024). "Language and communication rehabilitation in patients with schizophrenia: A narrative review". Heliyon. 10 (2) e24897. Bibcode:2024Heliy..1024897J. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24897. PMC 10835363. PMID 38312547.
Çokal, Derya; Sevilla, Gabriel; Jones, William Stephen; Zimmerer, Vitor; Deamer, Felicity; Douglas, Maggie; Spencer, Helen; Turkington, Douglas; Ferrier, Nicol; Varley, Rosemary; Watson, Stuart; Hinzen, Wolfram (19 September 2018). "The language profile of formal thought disorder". npj Schizophrenia. 4 (1): 18. doi:10.1038/s41537-018-0061-9. PMC 6145886. PMID 30232371.
Rohrer JD, Rossor MN, Warren JD (February 2009). "Neologistic jargon aphasia and agraphia in primary progressive aphasia". Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 277 (1–2): 155–9. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2008.10.014. PMC 2633035. PMID 19033077.
Kurowski, Kathleen; Blumstein, Sheila E. (February 2016). "Phonetic basis of phonemic paraphasias in aphasia: Evidence for cascading activation". Cortex. 75: 193–203. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.12.005. PMC 4754157. PMID 26808838.
Cicero, David C.; Kerns, John G. (April 2011). "Unpleasant and pleasant referential thinking: Relations with self-processing, paranoia, and other schizotypal traits". Journal of Research in Personality. 45 (2): 208–218. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2011.02.002. PMC 4447705. PMID 26028792.
Wensing, T.; Cieslik, E. C.; Müller, V. I.; Hoffstaedter, F.; Eickhoff, S. B.; Nickl-Jockschat, T. (2017). "Neural correlates of formal thought disorder: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis". Human Brain Mapping. 38 (10): 4946–4965. doi:10.1002/hbm.23706. PMC 5685170. PMID 28653797.
Solomon M, Ozonoff S, Carter C, Caplan R (September 2008). "Formal thought disorder and the autism spectrum: relationship with symptoms, executive control, and anxiety". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 38 (8): 1474–84. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0526-6. PMC 5519298. PMID 18297385.
Tufan, Ali Evren; Bilici, Rabia; Usta, Genco; Erdoğan, Ayten (December 2012). "Mood disorder with mixed, psychotic features due to vitamin b12 deficiency in an adolescent: case report". Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 6 (1): 25. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-6-25. PMC 3404901. PMID 22726236.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Thought Disorder (2016), 25.6. Relationship Between Thought Disorders and Other Symptoms of Schizophrenia., pp. 503–504. cited

Arndt S, Alliger RJ, Andreasen NC (March 1991). "The distinction of positive and negative symptoms. The failure of a two-dimensional model". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 158: 317–22. doi:10.1192/bjp.158.3.317. PMID 2036528. S2CID 41383575.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Snyderman, Danielle; Rovner, Barry (15 October 2009). "Mental status exam in primary care: a review". American Family Physician. 80 (8): 809–814. ISSN 1532-0650. PMID 19835342.

Norris, David R.; Clark, Molly S. (1 April 2021). "The Suicidal Patient: Evaluation and Management". American Family Physician. 103 (7): 417–421. ISSN 1532-0650. PMID 33788523.

Fred R. Volkmar; et al. (2005). Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders. Vol. 1: Diagnosis, development, neurobiology, and behavior (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-93934-5. OCLC 60394857.^{[page needed]}

Duffy, Joseph R. (2013). Motor speech disorders: substrates, differential diagnosis, and management (Third ed.). St. Louis, MI. ISBN 978-0-323-07200-7. OCLC 819941855.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)^{[page needed]}

Rapaport, David; Schafer, Roy; Gill, Merton Max (1946). Diagnostic Psychological Testing: The Theory, Statistical Evaluation, and Diagnostic Application of a Battery of Tests. Year book publishers. OCLC 426466259.^{[page needed]}

Thought disorder (English Wikipedia)

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