Tiberius Gracchus (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Tiberius Gracchus" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

104worldcat.org

5^th place

19doi.org

2^nd place

15jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

12cambridge.org

305^th place

264^th place

10loc.gov

70^th place

63^rd place

6perseus.org

1,313^th place

823^rd place

3semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

3oxfordre.com

4,783^rd place

3,049^th place

3books.google.com

3^rd place

3academia.edu

121^st place

142^nd place

2archive.org

6^th place

1brill.com

1,840^th place

1,115^th place

1persee.fr

515^th place

1,261^st place

1attalus.org

5,033^rd place

3,554^th place

academia.edu

Russell 2008, pp. 4–6, 22. Russell, Peter (2008). "Babeuf and the Gracchi: A Comparison of Means and Ends" (PDF). Melbourne Historical Journal. 36: 41–57. Pages not consistently numbered.
Russell 2008, p. 18. Russell, Peter (2008). "Babeuf and the Gracchi: A Comparison of Means and Ends" (PDF). Melbourne Historical Journal. 36: 41–57. Pages not consistently numbered.
Russell 2008, pp. 21–22. Russell, Peter (2008). "Babeuf and the Gracchi: A Comparison of Means and Ends" (PDF). Melbourne Historical Journal. 36: 41–57. Pages not consistently numbered.

archive.org

Scullard 1982, p. 18. Scullard, H H (1982). From the Gracchi to Nero. Taylor Francis. ISBN 0-415-02527-3.
Scullard 1982, p. 26. Scullard, H H (1982). From the Gracchi to Nero. Taylor Francis. ISBN 0-415-02527-3.

attalus.org

Cicero (1928) [1st century BC]. "On the republic". On the republic. On the laws. Loeb Classical Library 213. Translated by Keys, C W. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1.31 – via Attalus.org.

books.google.com

Mouritsen 2017, p. 165. Mouritsen, Henrik (2017). Politics in the Roman Republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107031883.
Mouritsen 2017, p. 166. Mouritsen, Henrik (2017). Politics in the Roman Republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107031883.
Mouritsen 2017, p. 169. Mouritsen, Henrik (2017). Politics in the Roman Republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107031883.

brill.com

Rich, John (2007). "Crisis and the Economy". Crises and the Roman Empire: Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire, Nijmegen, June 20–24, 2006 (PDF). Leiden: Brill. p. 164. ISBN 978-90-474-2090-3. OCLC 302423771.

cambridge.org

Beness, J Lea; Hillard, TW (2001). "The theatricality of the deaths of C Gracchus and friends". Classical Quarterly. 51 (1): 135–140. doi:10.1093/cq/51.1.135. ISSN 0009-8388.
Lintott 1994, p. 66. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Lintott 1994, p. 65. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Sources differ as to whether Octavius was one of Tiberius' friends; Plutarch delivers a dramatic scene of emotional entreaties while Dio attributes Octavius' opposition to a family feud. Beness, J Lea; Hillard, T W (2001). "The theatricality of the deaths of C Gracchus and friends". Classical Quarterly. 51 (1): 137, n. 14. doi:10.1093/cq/51.1.135. ISSN 0009-8388. Plut. Ti. Gracch., 10–11 and Dio, 24.83.4. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Lintott 1994, p. 67. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Beard 2015, p. 223; Lintott 1994, p. 68. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Lintott 1994, pp. 34, 68. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Lintott 1994, p. 68; Mackay 2009, p. 47; Roselaar 2010, p. 239. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060. Mackay, Christopher S (2009). The breakdown of the Roman republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51819-2. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Mackay 2009, p. 49–50; Lintott 1994, pp. 69–72. Mackay, Christopher S (2009). The breakdown of the Roman republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51819-2. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Lintott 1994, p. 74. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Lintott 1994, pp. 72–73. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Lintott 1994, p. 75. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.

doi.org

Cf Brunt, P A (1982). "Nobilitas and Novitas". Journal of Roman Studies. 72: 1–17. doi:10.2307/299112. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 299112. S2CID 162220741.
Astin, Alan E; Badian, Ernst (2015-12-22). "Cornelia (1), mother of Tiberius Gracchus (3) and Gaius Gracchus". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1829. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
Rosenstein 1986, p. 239 n. 28; Broughton 1951, pp. 495–96. Rosenstein, Nathan (1986). ""Imperatores Victi": the case of C Hostilius Mancinus". Classical Antiquity. 5 (2): 230–252. doi:10.2307/25010850. ISSN 0278-6656. JSTOR 25010850. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Extraurban quaestors acted as consular lieutenants, supervising campaign funds while supporting provincial administration and taking command if a commander died. Badian, Ernst; Honoré, Tony (2016). "quaestor". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.5470. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
Rosenstein 1986, pp. 247–48; Broughton 1951, p. 485. Rosenstein, Nathan (1986). ""Imperatores Victi": the case of C Hostilius Mancinus". Classical Antiquity. 5 (2): 230–252. doi:10.2307/25010850. ISSN 0278-6656. JSTOR 25010850. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Yakobson, Alexander (2010). "Traditional political culture and the peoples' role in the Roman Republic". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 59 (3): 296. doi:10.25162/historia-2010-0017. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 25758311. S2CID 160215553.
Morgan, M Gwyn; Walsh, John A (1978). "Ti. Gracchus (tr pl 133 BC), the Numantine affair, and the deposition of M. Octavius". Classical Philology. 73 (3): 208. doi:10.1086/366432. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 268331. S2CID 161116161.
de Ligt 2012, p. 160; de Ligt 2004, pp. 740–41. de Ligt, Luuk (2012). Peasants, citizens, and soldiers: studies in the demographic history of Roman Italy 225 BC – AD 100. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01318-6. LCCN 2011032182. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.
de Ligt 2004, p. 725. "[T]he widespread rural misery lying behind the Gracchan reforms should be seen as a consequence of continuing population growth". de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.
Roselaar 2010, pp. 227–28; de Ligt 2012, p. 172; de Ligt 2004, pp. 742–43, 753. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. de Ligt, Luuk (2012). Peasants, citizens, and soldiers: studies in the demographic history of Roman Italy 225 BC – AD 100. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01318-6. LCCN 2011032182. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.
Roselaar 2010, p. 228; de Ligt 2004, p. 754. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.
Beness, J Lea; Hillard, TW (2001). "The theatricality of the deaths of C Gracchus and friends". Classical Quarterly. 51 (1): 135–140. doi:10.1093/cq/51.1.135. ISSN 0009-8388.
Roselaar 2010, p. 229–30; de Ligt 2004, pp. 752–53; Beard 2015, p. 267. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.
Badian 1979, p. 455. Badian, E (1979). "Review of "Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus: Tradition and Apostasy"". The American Journal of Philology. 100 (3): 452–458. doi:10.2307/293952. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293952.
Badian 1979, p. 456. Badian, E (1979). "Review of "Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus: Tradition and Apostasy"". The American Journal of Philology. 100 (3): 452–458. doi:10.2307/293952. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293952.
Sources differ as to whether Octavius was one of Tiberius' friends; Plutarch delivers a dramatic scene of emotional entreaties while Dio attributes Octavius' opposition to a family feud. Beness, J Lea; Hillard, T W (2001). "The theatricality of the deaths of C Gracchus and friends". Classical Quarterly. 51 (1): 137, n. 14. doi:10.1093/cq/51.1.135. ISSN 0009-8388. Plut. Ti. Gracch., 10–11 and Dio, 24.83.4. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Badian 1979, pp. 455–56. Badian, E (1979). "Review of "Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus: Tradition and Apostasy"". The American Journal of Philology. 100 (3): 452–458. doi:10.2307/293952. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293952.
Santangelo, Federico (2007). "A survey of recent scholarship on the age of the Gracchi (1985-2005)". Topoi. 15 (2): 465–510. doi:10.3406/topoi.2007.2250. There is no strong evidence or credible argument to support any alternative hypothesis.
Nicholas, Barry (2016-03-07). "exile, Roman". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.7206. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-13. [E]xsilium was institutionalised as... a substitute for the death penalty. The magistrates were required to allow a condemned person time to escape...

jstor.org

Astin 1958, p. 53. Tiberius was "not yet thirty" at his death. Astin, A E (1958). "The Lex Annalis before Sulla". Latomus. 17 (1): 49–64. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41518780.
Cf Brunt, P A (1982). "Nobilitas and Novitas". Journal of Roman Studies. 72: 1–17. doi:10.2307/299112. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 299112. S2CID 162220741.
Rosenstein 1986, p. 239 n. 28; Broughton 1951, pp. 495–96. Rosenstein, Nathan (1986). ""Imperatores Victi": the case of C Hostilius Mancinus". Classical Antiquity. 5 (2): 230–252. doi:10.2307/25010850. ISSN 0278-6656. JSTOR 25010850. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Rosenstein 1986, pp. 247–48; Broughton 1951, p. 485. Rosenstein, Nathan (1986). ""Imperatores Victi": the case of C Hostilius Mancinus". Classical Antiquity. 5 (2): 230–252. doi:10.2307/25010850. ISSN 0278-6656. JSTOR 25010850. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Yakobson, Alexander (2010). "Traditional political culture and the peoples' role in the Roman Republic". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 59 (3): 296. doi:10.25162/historia-2010-0017. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 25758311. S2CID 160215553.
Morgan, M Gwyn; Walsh, John A (1978). "Ti. Gracchus (tr pl 133 BC), the Numantine affair, and the deposition of M. Octavius". Classical Philology. 73 (3): 208. doi:10.1086/366432. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 268331. S2CID 161116161.
de Ligt 2012, p. 160; de Ligt 2004, pp. 740–41. de Ligt, Luuk (2012). Peasants, citizens, and soldiers: studies in the demographic history of Roman Italy 225 BC – AD 100. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01318-6. LCCN 2011032182. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.
de Ligt 2004, p. 725. "[T]he widespread rural misery lying behind the Gracchan reforms should be seen as a consequence of continuing population growth". de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.
Roselaar 2010, pp. 227–28; de Ligt 2012, p. 172; de Ligt 2004, pp. 742–43, 753. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. de Ligt, Luuk (2012). Peasants, citizens, and soldiers: studies in the demographic history of Roman Italy 225 BC – AD 100. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01318-6. LCCN 2011032182. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.
Roselaar 2010, p. 228; de Ligt 2004, p. 754. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.
Roselaar 2010, p. 229–30; de Ligt 2004, pp. 752–53; Beard 2015, p. 267. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.
Badian 1979, p. 455. Badian, E (1979). "Review of "Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus: Tradition and Apostasy"". The American Journal of Philology. 100 (3): 452–458. doi:10.2307/293952. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293952.
Badian 1979, p. 456. Badian, E (1979). "Review of "Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus: Tradition and Apostasy"". The American Journal of Philology. 100 (3): 452–458. doi:10.2307/293952. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293952.
Badian 1979, pp. 455–56. Badian, E (1979). "Review of "Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus: Tradition and Apostasy"". The American Journal of Philology. 100 (3): 452–458. doi:10.2307/293952. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293952.
Worthington, Ian (1989). "The Death of Scipio Aemilianus". Hermes. 117 (2): 253–256. ISSN 0018-0777. JSTOR 4476690.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Gruen 1968, p. 58. Gruen, Erich S (1968). Roman politics and the criminal courts: 149–78 BC. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. LCCN 68-29179.
Gruen 1968, p. 51. Gruen, Erich S (1968). Roman politics and the criminal courts: 149–78 BC. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. LCCN 68-29179.
de Ligt 2012, p. 158. de Ligt, Luuk (2012). Peasants, citizens, and soldiers: studies in the demographic history of Roman Italy 225 BC – AD 100. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01318-6. LCCN 2011032182.
de Ligt 2012, p. 160; de Ligt 2004, pp. 740–41. de Ligt, Luuk (2012). Peasants, citizens, and soldiers: studies in the demographic history of Roman Italy 225 BC – AD 100. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01318-6. LCCN 2011032182. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.
de Ligt 2012, p. 165. de Ligt, Luuk (2012). Peasants, citizens, and soldiers: studies in the demographic history of Roman Italy 225 BC – AD 100. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01318-6. LCCN 2011032182.
Roselaar 2010, pp. 227–28; de Ligt 2012, p. 172; de Ligt 2004, pp. 742–43, 753. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. de Ligt, Luuk (2012). Peasants, citizens, and soldiers: studies in the demographic history of Roman Italy 225 BC – AD 100. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01318-6. LCCN 2011032182. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.
Mackay 2009, p. 47; Gruen 1968, p. 58. Mackay, Christopher S (2009). The breakdown of the Roman republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51819-2. Gruen, Erich S (1968). Roman politics and the criminal courts: 149–78 BC. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. LCCN 68-29179.
Gruen 1968, p. 57. "It is possible that this attempt [for a second tribunate] was in violation of Roman law". Gruen, Erich S (1968). Roman politics and the criminal courts: 149–78 BC. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. LCCN 68-29179.
Gruen 1968, p. 60. Gruen, Erich S (1968). Roman politics and the criminal courts: 149–78 BC. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. LCCN 68-29179.
Gruen 1968, p. 63. Gruen, Erich S (1968). Roman politics and the criminal courts: 149–78 BC. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. LCCN 68-29179.

oxfordre.com

Astin, Alan E; Badian, Ernst (2015-12-22). "Cornelia (1), mother of Tiberius Gracchus (3) and Gaius Gracchus". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1829. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2023-03-29.
Extraurban quaestors acted as consular lieutenants, supervising campaign funds while supporting provincial administration and taking command if a commander died. Badian, Ernst; Honoré, Tony (2016). "quaestor". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.5470. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
Nicholas, Barry (2016-03-07). "exile, Roman". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.7206. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-13. [E]xsilium was institutionalised as... a substitute for the death penalty. The magistrates were required to allow a condemned person time to escape...

persee.fr

Santangelo, Federico (2007). "A survey of recent scholarship on the age of the Gracchi (1985-2005)". Topoi. 15 (2): 465–510. doi:10.3406/topoi.2007.2250. There is no strong evidence or credible argument to support any alternative hypothesis.

perseus.org

data.perseus.org

Broughton 1951, pp. 464, 468, citing Plut. Ti. Gracch., 4.5. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Plut. Ti. Gracch., 8.7. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Roselaar 2010, p. 226; Plut. Ti. Gracch., 8.3. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Cited in Roselaar 2010, p. 226; translation from Plut. Ti. Gracch., 9.4–5. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Roselaar 2010, p. 238; von Ungern-Sternberg 2014, p. 79; Plut. Ti. Gracch., 10.3. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. von Ungern-Sternberg, Jurgen (2014). "The Crisis of the Republic". In Flower, Harriet (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-66942-0. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Sources differ as to whether Octavius was one of Tiberius' friends; Plutarch delivers a dramatic scene of emotional entreaties while Dio attributes Octavius' opposition to a family feud. Beness, J Lea; Hillard, T W (2001). "The theatricality of the deaths of C Gracchus and friends". Classical Quarterly. 51 (1): 137, n. 14. doi:10.1093/cq/51.1.135. ISSN 0009-8388. Plut. Ti. Gracch., 10–11 and Dio, 24.83.4. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Cf Brunt, P A (1982). "Nobilitas and Novitas". Journal of Roman Studies. 72: 1–17. doi:10.2307/299112. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 299112. S2CID 162220741.
Yakobson, Alexander (2010). "Traditional political culture and the peoples' role in the Roman Republic". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 59 (3): 296. doi:10.25162/historia-2010-0017. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 25758311. S2CID 160215553.
Morgan, M Gwyn; Walsh, John A (1978). "Ti. Gracchus (tr pl 133 BC), the Numantine affair, and the deposition of M. Octavius". Classical Philology. 73 (3): 208. doi:10.1086/366432. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 268331. S2CID 161116161.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Astin 1958, p. 53. Tiberius was "not yet thirty" at his death. Astin, A E (1958). "The Lex Annalis before Sulla". Latomus. 17 (1): 49–64. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41518780.
Cf Brunt, P A (1982). "Nobilitas and Novitas". Journal of Roman Studies. 72: 1–17. doi:10.2307/299112. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 299112. S2CID 162220741.
Goldsworthy 2016, p. 112. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2016) [2003]. In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1. OCLC 936322646.
Brunt 1988, p. 454. Brunt, P A (1988). The fall of the Roman republic and related essays. Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-814849-6. OCLC 799090262.
Brunt 1988, p. 465. Brunt, P A (1988). The fall of the Roman republic and related essays. Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-814849-6. OCLC 799090262.
Broughton 1951, pp. 464, 468, citing Plut. Ti. Gracch., 4.5. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Rosenstein 1986, p. 239 n. 28; Broughton 1951, pp. 495–96. Rosenstein, Nathan (1986). ""Imperatores Victi": the case of C Hostilius Mancinus". Classical Antiquity. 5 (2): 230–252. doi:10.2307/25010850. ISSN 0278-6656. JSTOR 25010850. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Goldsworthy 2016, p. 119. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2016) [2003]. In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1. OCLC 936322646.
Goldsworthy 2016, p. 118. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2016) [2003]. In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1. OCLC 936322646.
Brennan 2014, p. 42; Baker, Gabriel (2021). Spare no one: mass violence in Roman warfare. Lanham, MD. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-5381-1220-5. OCLC 1182021748.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Brennan, T Corey (2014). "Power and process under the republican "constitution"". In Flower, Harriet (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-66942-0.
Rosenstein 1986, pp. 247–48; Broughton 1951, p. 485. Rosenstein, Nathan (1986). ""Imperatores Victi": the case of C Hostilius Mancinus". Classical Antiquity. 5 (2): 230–252. doi:10.2307/25010850. ISSN 0278-6656. JSTOR 25010850. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.
Beard 2015, pp. 226–27. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.
Yakobson, Alexander (2010). "Traditional political culture and the peoples' role in the Roman Republic". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 59 (3): 296. doi:10.25162/historia-2010-0017. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 25758311. S2CID 160215553.
Flower 2010, p. 101. "Tiberius... could preserve his own ambitions and standing only by successfully proposing a political initiative". Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Morgan, M Gwyn; Walsh, John A (1978). "Ti. Gracchus (tr pl 133 BC), the Numantine affair, and the deposition of M. Octavius". Classical Philology. 73 (3): 208. doi:10.1086/366432. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 268331. S2CID 161116161.
Rich, John (2007). "Crisis and the Economy". Crises and the Roman Empire: Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire, Nijmegen, June 20–24, 2006 (PDF). Leiden: Brill. p. 164. ISBN 978-90-474-2090-3. OCLC 302423771.
Roselaar 2010, p. 223. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, p. 222. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
de Ligt 2012, p. 160; de Ligt 2004, pp. 740–41. de Ligt, Luuk (2012). Peasants, citizens, and soldiers: studies in the demographic history of Roman Italy 225 BC – AD 100. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01318-6. LCCN 2011032182. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.
Roselaar 2010, p. 180. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, pp. 188–89. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
de Ligt 2004, p. 725. "[T]he widespread rural misery lying behind the Gracchan reforms should be seen as a consequence of continuing population growth". de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.
Roselaar 2010, p. 215. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, pp. 215–16. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, p. 216. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, p. 217 n. 253. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, pp. 227–28; de Ligt 2012, p. 172; de Ligt 2004, pp. 742–43, 753. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. de Ligt, Luuk (2012). Peasants, citizens, and soldiers: studies in the demographic history of Roman Italy 225 BC – AD 100. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01318-6. LCCN 2011032182. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.
Roselaar 2010, p. 228; de Ligt 2004, p. 754. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.
Roselaar 2010, pp. 99, 231. None of the ancient accounts name the lex Licinia directly; identification is based on descriptions of that law in Livy. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Beard 2015, p. 223. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.
Roselaar 2010, p. 100 documents scholarly disagreement as to when a 500 jugera maximum was in fact implemented. Suggested dates range from 300–133 BC, with the last date implying that no such prior law existed. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, p. 239. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, pp. 239–40. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, p. 225. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Beness, J Lea; Hillard, TW (2001). "The theatricality of the deaths of C Gracchus and friends". Classical Quarterly. 51 (1): 135–140. doi:10.1093/cq/51.1.135. ISSN 0009-8388.
Plut. Ti. Gracch., 8.7. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Roselaar 2010, p. 226; Plut. Ti. Gracch., 8.3. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Cited in Roselaar 2010, p. 226; translation from Plut. Ti. Gracch., 9.4–5. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Roselaar 2010, p. 221. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Gruen 1995, p. 387. Gruen, Erich S (1995). The Last Generation of the Roman Republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6. OCLC 943848.
Roselaar 2010, p. 229–30; de Ligt 2004, pp. 752–53; Beard 2015, p. 267. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.
Brunt 1988, p. 250. Brunt, P A (1988). The fall of the Roman republic and related essays. Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-814849-6. OCLC 799090262.
Lintott 1994, p. 66. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Lintott 1994, p. 65. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Roselaar 2010, p. 232. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, p. 233. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, pp. 235–36. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Brunt 1988, pp. 466–67. Brunt, P A (1988). The fall of the Roman republic and related essays. Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-814849-6. OCLC 799090262.
Roselaar 2010, p. 237. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, p. 238; von Ungern-Sternberg 2014, p. 79; Plut. Ti. Gracch., 10.3. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. von Ungern-Sternberg, Jurgen (2014). "The Crisis of the Republic". In Flower, Harriet (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-66942-0. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Badian 1979, p. 455. Badian, E (1979). "Review of "Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus: Tradition and Apostasy"". The American Journal of Philology. 100 (3): 452–458. doi:10.2307/293952. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293952.
Badian 1979, p. 456. Badian, E (1979). "Review of "Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus: Tradition and Apostasy"". The American Journal of Philology. 100 (3): 452–458. doi:10.2307/293952. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293952.
Sources differ as to whether Octavius was one of Tiberius' friends; Plutarch delivers a dramatic scene of emotional entreaties while Dio attributes Octavius' opposition to a family feud. Beness, J Lea; Hillard, T W (2001). "The theatricality of the deaths of C Gracchus and friends". Classical Quarterly. 51 (1): 137, n. 14. doi:10.1093/cq/51.1.135. ISSN 0009-8388. Plut. Ti. Gracch., 10–11 and Dio, 24.83.4. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.
Lintott 1994, p. 67. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Badian 1979, pp. 455–56. Badian, E (1979). "Review of "Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus: Tradition and Apostasy"". The American Journal of Philology. 100 (3): 452–458. doi:10.2307/293952. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293952.
Flower 2010, pp. 83–84. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Brunt 1988, p. 22. Brunt, P A (1988). The fall of the Roman republic and related essays. Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-814849-6. OCLC 799090262.
Beard 2015, p. 223; Lintott 1994, p. 68. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Lintott 1994, pp. 34, 68. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Lintott 1994, p. 68; Mackay 2009, p. 47; Roselaar 2010, p. 239. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060. Mackay, Christopher S (2009). The breakdown of the Roman republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51819-2. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, p. 240. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Mackay 2009, p. 49–50; Lintott 1994, pp. 69–72. Mackay, Christopher S (2009). The breakdown of the Roman republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51819-2. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Beard 2015, p. 224; Flower 2010, p. 83. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Roselaar 2010, p. 253. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Beard 2015, p. 224. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.
Roselaar 2010, p. 254. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, p. 255. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, p. 241. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, pp. 252–54. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Lintott 1994, p. 74. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Worthington, Ian (1989). "The Death of Scipio Aemilianus". Hermes. 117 (2): 253–256. ISSN 0018-0777. JSTOR 4476690.
Alexander, Michael Charles (1990). Trials in the late Roman republic: 149 BC to 50 BC. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 11. ISBN 0-8020-5787-X. OCLC 41156621.
Beard 2015, p. 225. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.
Lintott 1994, pp. 72–73. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.
Flower 2010, p. 86. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Roselaar 2010, pp. 242–43. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Brunt 1988, p. 463. Brunt, P A (1988). The fall of the Roman republic and related essays. Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-814849-6. OCLC 799090262.
Mackay, Christopher S (2007). Ancient Rome: a military and political history (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-521-71149-4. OCLC 165407940.
Flower 2010, p. 82. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Flower 2010, p. 84. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Yakobson 2006, p. 387. Yakobson, Alexander (2006). "Popular power in the Roman republic". In Rosenstein, Nathan Stewart; Morstein-Marx, Robert (eds.). A companion to the Roman Republic. Blackwell. pp. 383–400. ISBN 978-1-4051-7203-5. OCLC 86070041.
Flower 2010, p. 85. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Flower 2010, pp. 85–86. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Flower 2010, p. 19. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Beard 2015, pp. 226–27, citing Cic. Rep., 1.31. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.
Lintott, Andrew (1999). The constitution of the Roman Republic. Clarendon Press. pp. 245–46. ISBN 0-19-815068-7. OCLC 39706770.
Roselaar 2010, p. 244. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, p. 245. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, p. 250. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, p. 281. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Roselaar 2010, p. 284. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.
Lintott 1994, p. 75. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.

worldcat.org

Flower 2010, p. 101. "Tiberius... could preserve his own ambitions and standing only by successfully proposing a political initiative". Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Flower 2010, pp. 83–84. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Beard 2015, p. 224; Flower 2010, p. 83. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Alexander, Michael Charles (1990). Trials in the late Roman republic: 149 BC to 50 BC. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 11. ISBN 0-8020-5787-X. OCLC 41156621.
Flower 2010, p. 86. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Mackay, Christopher S (2007). Ancient Rome: a military and political history (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-521-71149-4. OCLC 165407940.
Flower 2010, p. 82. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Flower 2010, p. 84. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Flower 2010, p. 85. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Flower 2010, pp. 85–86. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Flower 2010, p. 19. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.
Lintott, Andrew (1999). The constitution of the Roman Republic. Clarendon Press. pp. 245–46. ISBN 0-19-815068-7. OCLC 39706770.