References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Tiberius Gracchus" in the English version

academia.edu

Russell 2008, pp. 4–6, 22. Russell, Peter (2008). "Babeuf and the Gracchi: A Comparison of Means and Ends" (PDF). Melbourne Historical Journal. 36: 41–57. Pages not consistently numbered.

Russell 2008, p. 18. Russell, Peter (2008). "Babeuf and the Gracchi: A Comparison of Means and Ends" (PDF). Melbourne Historical Journal. 36: 41–57. Pages not consistently numbered.

Russell 2008, pp. 21–22. Russell, Peter (2008). "Babeuf and the Gracchi: A Comparison of Means and Ends" (PDF). Melbourne Historical Journal. 36: 41–57. Pages not consistently numbered.

cambridge.org

Beness, J Lea; Hillard, TW (2001). "The theatricality of the deaths of C Gracchus and friends". Classical Quarterly. 51 (1): 135–140. doi:10.1093/cq/51.1.135. ISSN 0009-8388.

Lintott 1994, p. 66. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.

Lintott 1994, p. 65. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.

Sources differ as to whether Octavius was one of Tiberius' friends; Plutarch delivers a dramatic scene of emotional entreaties while Dio attributes Octavius' opposition to a family feud. Beness, J Lea; Hillard, T W (2001). "The theatricality of the deaths of C Gracchus and friends". Classical Quarterly. 51 (1): 137, n. 14. doi:10.1093/cq/51.1.135. ISSN 0009-8388. Plut. Ti. Gracch., 10–11 and Dio, 24.83.4. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.

Lintott 1994, p. 67. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.

Beard 2015, p. 223; Lintott 1994, p. 68. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.

Lintott 1994, pp. 34, 68. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.

Lintott 1994, p. 68; Mackay 2009, p. 47; Roselaar 2010, p. 239. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060. Mackay, Christopher S (2009). The breakdown of the Roman republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51819-2. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Mackay 2009, p. 49–50; Lintott 1994, pp. 69–72. Mackay, Christopher S (2009). The breakdown of the Roman republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51819-2. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.

Lintott 1994, p. 74. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.

Lintott 1994, pp. 72–73. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.

Lintott 1994, p. 75. Lintott, Andrew (1994). "Political history, 146–95 BC". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85073-8. OCLC 121060.

doi.org

Cf Brunt, P A (1982). "Nobilitas and Novitas". Journal of Roman Studies. 72: 1–17. doi:10.2307/299112. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 299112. S2CID 162220741.

Astin, Alan E; Badian, Ernst (2015-12-22). "Cornelia (1), mother of Tiberius Gracchus (3) and Gaius Gracchus". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1829. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2023-03-29.

Rosenstein 1986, p. 239 n. 28; Broughton 1951, pp. 495–96. Rosenstein, Nathan (1986). ""Imperatores Victi": the case of C Hostilius Mancinus". Classical Antiquity. 5 (2): 230–252. doi:10.2307/25010850. ISSN 0278-6656. JSTOR 25010850. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.

Extraurban quaestors acted as consular lieutenants, supervising campaign funds while supporting provincial administration and taking command if a commander died. Badian, Ernst; Honoré, Tony (2016). "quaestor". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.5470. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2023-05-11.

Rosenstein 1986, pp. 247–48; Broughton 1951, p. 485. Rosenstein, Nathan (1986). ""Imperatores Victi": the case of C Hostilius Mancinus". Classical Antiquity. 5 (2): 230–252. doi:10.2307/25010850. ISSN 0278-6656. JSTOR 25010850. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association.

Yakobson, Alexander (2010). "Traditional political culture and the peoples' role in the Roman Republic". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 59 (3): 296. doi:10.25162/historia-2010-0017. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 25758311. S2CID 160215553.

Morgan, M Gwyn; Walsh, John A (1978). "Ti. Gracchus (tr pl 133 BC), the Numantine affair, and the deposition of M. Octavius". Classical Philology. 73 (3): 208. doi:10.1086/366432. ISSN 0009-837X. JSTOR 268331. S2CID 161116161.

de Ligt 2012, p. 160; de Ligt 2004, pp. 740–41. de Ligt, Luuk (2012). Peasants, citizens, and soldiers: studies in the demographic history of Roman Italy 225 BC – AD 100. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01318-6. LCCN 2011032182. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.

de Ligt 2004, p. 725. "[T]he widespread rural misery lying behind the Gracchan reforms should be seen as a consequence of continuing population growth". de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.

Roselaar 2010, pp. 227–28; de Ligt 2012, p. 172; de Ligt 2004, pp. 742–43, 753. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. de Ligt, Luuk (2012). Peasants, citizens, and soldiers: studies in the demographic history of Roman Italy 225 BC – AD 100. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01318-6. LCCN 2011032182. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.

Roselaar 2010, p. 228; de Ligt 2004, p. 754. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605.

Beness, J Lea; Hillard, TW (2001). "The theatricality of the deaths of C Gracchus and friends". Classical Quarterly. 51 (1): 135–140. doi:10.1093/cq/51.1.135. ISSN 0009-8388.

Roselaar 2010, p. 229–30; de Ligt 2004, pp. 752–53; Beard 2015, p. 267. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. de Ligt, Luuk (2004). "Poverty and demography: the case of the Gracchan land reforms". Mnemosyne. 57 (6): 725–757. doi:10.1163/1568525043083541. ISSN 0026-7074. JSTOR 4433605. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.

Badian 1979, p. 455. Badian, E (1979). "Review of "Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus: Tradition and Apostasy"". The American Journal of Philology. 100 (3): 452–458. doi:10.2307/293952. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293952.

Badian 1979, p. 456. Badian, E (1979). "Review of "Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus: Tradition and Apostasy"". The American Journal of Philology. 100 (3): 452–458. doi:10.2307/293952. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293952.

Badian 1979, pp. 455–56. Badian, E (1979). "Review of "Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus: Tradition and Apostasy"". The American Journal of Philology. 100 (3): 452–458. doi:10.2307/293952. ISSN 0002-9475. JSTOR 293952.

Santangelo, Federico (2007). "A survey of recent scholarship on the age of the Gracchi (1985-2005)". Topoi. 15 (2): 465–510. doi:10.3406/topoi.2007.2250. There is no strong evidence or credible argument to support any alternative hypothesis.

Nicholas, Barry (2016-03-07). "exile, Roman". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.7206. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5. Retrieved 2022-02-13. [E]xsilium was institutionalised as... a substitute for the death penalty. The magistrates were required to allow a condemned person time to escape...

jstor.org

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Gruen 1968, p. 58. Gruen, Erich S (1968). Roman politics and the criminal courts: 149–78 BC. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. LCCN 68-29179.

Gruen 1968, p. 51. Gruen, Erich S (1968). Roman politics and the criminal courts: 149–78 BC. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. LCCN 68-29179.

de Ligt 2012, p. 158. de Ligt, Luuk (2012). Peasants, citizens, and soldiers: studies in the demographic history of Roman Italy 225 BC – AD 100. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01318-6. LCCN 2011032182.

de Ligt 2012, p. 165. de Ligt, Luuk (2012). Peasants, citizens, and soldiers: studies in the demographic history of Roman Italy 225 BC – AD 100. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01318-6. LCCN 2011032182.

Mackay 2009, p. 47; Gruen 1968, p. 58. Mackay, Christopher S (2009). The breakdown of the Roman republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-51819-2. Gruen, Erich S (1968). Roman politics and the criminal courts: 149–78 BC. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. LCCN 68-29179.

Gruen 1968, p. 57. "It is possible that this attempt [for a second tribunate] was in violation of Roman law". Gruen, Erich S (1968). Roman politics and the criminal courts: 149–78 BC. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. LCCN 68-29179.

Gruen 1968, p. 60. Gruen, Erich S (1968). Roman politics and the criminal courts: 149–78 BC. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. LCCN 68-29179.

Gruen 1968, p. 63. Gruen, Erich S (1968). Roman politics and the criminal courts: 149–78 BC. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. LCCN 68-29179.

oxfordre.com

perseus.org

data.perseus.org

Broughton 1951, pp. 464, 468, citing Plut. Ti. Gracch., 4.5. Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1951). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 1. New York: American Philological Association. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.

Plut. Ti. Gracch., 8.7. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.

Roselaar 2010, p. 226; Plut. Ti. Gracch., 8.3. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.

Cited in Roselaar 2010, p. 226; translation from Plut. Ti. Gracch., 9.4–5. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.

Roselaar 2010, p. 238; von Ungern-Sternberg 2014, p. 79; Plut. Ti. Gracch., 10.3. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519. von Ungern-Sternberg, Jurgen (2014). "The Crisis of the Republic". In Flower, Harriet (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-66942-0. Plutarch (1921) [2nd century AD]. "Life of Tiberius Gracchus". Parallel Lives. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 10. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press. OCLC 40115288 – via Perseus Digital Library.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

worldcat.org

Astin 1958, p. 53. Tiberius was "not yet thirty" at his death. Astin, A E (1958). "The Lex Annalis before Sulla". Latomus. 17 (1): 49–64. ISSN 0023-8856. JSTOR 41518780.

Cf Brunt, P A (1982). "Nobilitas and Novitas". Journal of Roman Studies. 72: 1–17. doi:10.2307/299112. ISSN 0075-4358. JSTOR 299112. S2CID 162220741.

Goldsworthy 2016, p. 112. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2016) [2003]. In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1. OCLC 936322646.

Brunt 1988, p. 454. Brunt, P A (1988). The fall of the Roman republic and related essays. Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-814849-6. OCLC 799090262.

Brunt 1988, p. 465. Brunt, P A (1988). The fall of the Roman republic and related essays. Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-814849-6. OCLC 799090262.

Goldsworthy 2016, p. 119. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2016) [2003]. In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1. OCLC 936322646.

Goldsworthy 2016, p. 118. Goldsworthy, Adrian (2016) [2003]. In the name of Rome: the men who won the Roman Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-22183-1. OCLC 936322646.

Brennan 2014, p. 42; Baker, Gabriel (2021). Spare no one: mass violence in Roman warfare. Lanham, MD. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-5381-1220-5. OCLC 1182021748.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Brennan, T Corey (2014). "Power and process under the republican "constitution"". In Flower, Harriet (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-66942-0.

Beard 2015, pp. 226–27. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.

Flower 2010, p. 101. "Tiberius... could preserve his own ambitions and standing only by successfully proposing a political initiative". Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.

Rich, John (2007). "Crisis and the Economy". Crises and the Roman Empire: Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire, Nijmegen, June 20–24, 2006 (PDF). Leiden: Brill. p. 164. ISBN 978-90-474-2090-3. OCLC 302423771.

Roselaar 2010, p. 223. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, p. 222. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, p. 180. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, pp. 188–89. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, p. 215. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, pp. 215–16. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, p. 216. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, p. 217 n. 253. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, pp. 99, 231. None of the ancient accounts name the lex Licinia directly; identification is based on descriptions of that law in Livy. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Beard 2015, p. 223. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.

Roselaar 2010, p. 100 documents scholarly disagreement as to when a 500 jugera maximum was in fact implemented. Suggested dates range from 300–133 BC, with the last date implying that no such prior law existed. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, p. 239. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, pp. 239–40. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, p. 225. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Beness, J Lea; Hillard, TW (2001). "The theatricality of the deaths of C Gracchus and friends". Classical Quarterly. 51 (1): 135–140. doi:10.1093/cq/51.1.135. ISSN 0009-8388.

Roselaar 2010, p. 221. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Gruen 1995, p. 387. Gruen, Erich S (1995). The Last Generation of the Roman Republic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02238-6. OCLC 943848.

Brunt 1988, p. 250. Brunt, P A (1988). The fall of the Roman republic and related essays. Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-814849-6. OCLC 799090262.

Roselaar 2010, p. 232. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, p. 233. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, pp. 235–36. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Brunt 1988, pp. 466–67. Brunt, P A (1988). The fall of the Roman republic and related essays. Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-814849-6. OCLC 799090262.

Roselaar 2010, p. 237. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Flower 2010, pp. 83–84. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.

Brunt 1988, p. 22. Brunt, P A (1988). The fall of the Roman republic and related essays. Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-814849-6. OCLC 799090262.

Roselaar 2010, p. 240. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Beard 2015, p. 224; Flower 2010, p. 83. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.

Roselaar 2010, p. 253. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Beard 2015, p. 224. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.

Roselaar 2010, p. 254. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, p. 255. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, p. 241. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Roselaar 2010, pp. 252–54. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Worthington, Ian (1989). "The Death of Scipio Aemilianus". Hermes. 117 (2): 253–256. ISSN 0018-0777. JSTOR 4476690.

Alexander, Michael Charles (1990). Trials in the late Roman republic: 149 BC to 50 BC. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 11. ISBN 0-8020-5787-X. OCLC 41156621.

Beard 2015, p. 225. Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (1st ed.). New York: WW Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-87140-423-7. OCLC 902661394.

Flower 2010, p. 86. Flower, Harriet (2010). Roman republics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14043-8. OCLC 301798480.

Roselaar 2010, pp. 242–43. Roselaar, Saskia T (2010). Public land in the Roman Republic: a social and economic history of ager publicus in Italy, 396-89 BC. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957723-1. OCLC 520714519.

Brunt 1988, p. 463. Brunt, P A (1988). The fall of the Roman republic and related essays. Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-814849-6. OCLC 799090262.

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