Timbuktu (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Timbuktu" in English language version.

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25web.archive.org

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aa.com.tr

"Mali's ancient city Timbuktu under siege again". Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.

academia.edu

yale.academia.edu

Park 2010. Park, Douglas (2010), "Timbuktu and its prehistoric hinterland", Antiquity, 84 (326): 1076–1088, doi:10.1017/S0003598X00067090, S2CID 161730981.
Park 2011. Park, Douglas (2011). Climate Change, Human Response and the Origins of Urbanism at Prehistoric Timbuktu (PhD). New Haven: Yale University, Department of Anthropology..

academia.edu

McIntosh, Susan Keech; McIntosh, Roderick J. (1986). "Archaeological reconnaissance in the region of Timbuktu". National Geographic Research. 2: 302–319.

afribone.com

Lancement des travaux du Canal de Tombouctou : la mamelle nourricière redonne vie et espoir à la 'Cité mystérieuse', Afribone, 14 August 2006
Lancement des travaux du Canal de Tombouctou : la mamelle nourricière redonne vie et espoir à la 'Cité mystérieuse', Afribone, 14 August 2006

africajournalismtheworld.com

Staff (28 January 2013). "Mali – Islamists Rebels Burn Manuscript Library as They Leave Timbuktu". Reuters (via Africa – News and Analysis). Retrieved 31 January 2013.

agenda21culture.net

"2016 TOMBOUCTOU PRIX INTERNATIONAL CGLU-VILLE DE MEXICO-CULTURE 21 CATÉGORIE VILLE/GOUVERNEMENT LOCAL GAGNANT 2016" (PDF). United Cities and Local Governments. Retrieved 17 July 2024.

ajc.com

Callimachi, Rukmini (1 April 2012), "Mali coup leader reinstates old constitution", The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Associated Press, retrieved 31 March 2012

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"Tuareg rebels declare the independence of Azawad, north of Mali", Al Arabiya, 6 April 2012, retrieved 6 April 2012

aljazeera.com

Moseley, Walter G. (18 April 2012), Azawad: the latest African Border Dilemma, Al Jazeera
"Ansar Dine fighters destroy Timbuktu shrines". Al Jazeera (1 June 2012). Retrieved 1 July 2012

aluka.org

Miner 1953, p. 68 n27. Miner, Horace (1953), The Primitive City of Timbuctoo, Princeton University Press. Link requires subscription to Aluka. Reissued by Anchor Books, New York in 1965.

archive.org

Leo Africanus 1896, p. 824 Vol. 3. Leo Africanus (1896), The History and Description of Africa (3 Vols), Brown, Robert, editor, London: Hakluyt Society. A facsimile of Pory's English translation of 1600 together with an introduction and notes by the editor. Internet Archive: Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3
Barth 1857, p. 284 footnote Vol. 3. Barth, Heinrich (1857), Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa: Being a journal of an expedition undertaken under the auspices of H. B. M.'s government, in the years 1849–1855, New York: Harper & Brothers. Google books: Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3. |internet Archive: Volume 3.
Hacquard 1900, p. 12. Hacquard, Augustin (1900), Monographie de Tombouctou, Paris: Société des études coloniales & maritimes. Also available from Gallica.
Barth 1857, Vol. 3, p. 324. Barth, Heinrich (1857), Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa: Being a journal of an expedition undertaken under the auspices of H. B. M.'s government, in the years 1849–1855, New York: Harper & Brothers. Google books: Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3. |internet Archive: Volume 3.
Dubois 1896, p. 196. Dubois, Felix (1896), Timbuctoo the mysterious, Tombouctou la mystérieuse.English.1896, translated by White, Diana, New York: Longmans, hdl:2027/mdp.39015008010343.
Leo Africanus 1896. Leo Africanus (1896), The History and Description of Africa (3 Vols), Brown, Robert, editor, London: Hakluyt Society. A facsimile of Pory's English translation of 1600 together with an introduction and notes by the editor. Internet Archive: Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3
Jackson 1820, p. 10. Jackson, James Grey (1820), An Account of Timbuctoo and Housa, Territories in the Interior of Africa By El Hage Abd Salam Shabeeny, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown.
Pitcher, Gemma (2007). Africa. Melbourne: Lonely Planet Guides. pp. 403–418. ISBN 9781741044829. timbuktu lonely planet.

bbc.co.uk

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Harding, Andrew (3 December 2009), Timbuktu's ancient salt caravans under threat, BBC News, retrieved 6 March 2011
Al-Qaeda 'kills British hostage', BBC News, 3 June 2009, retrieved 1 January 2012
Search on for Timbuktu's twin, BBC News, 18 October 2006, retrieved 22 November 2010
"Timbuktu 'twins' make first visit". BBC News. 24 October 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2010.

bbc.co.uk

"Mali kidnapping: One dead and three seized in Timbuktu". BBC News. 25 November 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
Shamil, Jeppie (29 January 2013). "Timbuktu Manuscripts Project". BBC News. Retrieved 29 January 2013. Also broadcast BBC World Service news on 29 January 2013.
"Timbuktu shrines damaged by Mali Ansar Dine Islamists". BBC News. 30 June 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
"Mali Islamist militants 'destroy' Timbuktu saint's tomb". BBC News. 6 May 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.

bbc.com

"Timbuktu: Mali's ancient city defies jihadist siege to stage a festival". BBC News. 19 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.

bnf.fr

gallica.bnf.fr

Hacquard 1900, p. 12. Hacquard, Augustin (1900), Monographie de Tombouctou, Paris: Société des études coloniales & maritimes. Also available from Gallica.

books.google.com

Barth 1857, p. 284 footnote Vol. 3. Barth, Heinrich (1857), Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa: Being a journal of an expedition undertaken under the auspices of H. B. M.'s government, in the years 1849–1855, New York: Harper & Brothers. Google books: Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3. |internet Archive: Volume 3.
Cissoko, S.M (1996). l'Empire Songhai (in French). Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-7384-4384-7.
Hunwick 2003, p. 29. Hunwick, John O. (2003), Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents, Leiden: Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-12560-5. ISBN 978-90-04-12822-4 (paperback) First published in 1999 as ISBN 90-04-11207-3.
Hunwick 2003, p. 29 note 4. Hunwick, John O. (2003), Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents, Leiden: Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-12560-5. ISBN 978-90-04-12822-4 (paperback) First published in 1999 as ISBN 90-04-11207-3.
Barth 1857, Vol. 3, p. 324. Barth, Heinrich (1857), Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa: Being a journal of an expedition undertaken under the auspices of H. B. M.'s government, in the years 1849–1855, New York: Harper & Brothers. Google books: Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3. |internet Archive: Volume 3.
Hunwick 2003, p. ^{[page needed]}. Hunwick, John O. (2003), Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents, Leiden: Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-12560-5. ISBN 978-90-04-12822-4 (paperback) First published in 1999 as ISBN 90-04-11207-3.
Jackson 1820, p. 10. Jackson, James Grey (1820), An Account of Timbuctoo and Housa, Territories in the Interior of Africa By El Hage Abd Salam Shabeeny, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown.
Jackson 1820. Jackson, James Grey (1820), An Account of Timbuctoo and Housa, Territories in the Interior of Africa By El Hage Abd Salam Shabeeny, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown.
Oberg, Barbara B., ed. (2003). The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 30: 1 January 1798 to 31 January 1799. Princeton University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-691-09498-4.
Reiser, Melissa Diane (2007). Festival au Desert, Essakane, Mali: a postcolonial, postwar Tuareg experiment. Madison: University of Wisconsin – Madison.
Hunwick 2003, pp. lvii. Hunwick, John O. (2003), Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents, Leiden: Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-12560-5. ISBN 978-90-04-12822-4 (paperback) First published in 1999 as ISBN 90-04-11207-3.
Heath 1999, pp. 4–5. Heath, Jeffrey (1999), A Grammar of Koyra Chiini: the Songhay of Timbuktu, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 9783110162851.
Rosberg, Carl Gustav (1964), Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, p. 222, ISBN 9780520002531
Caillié 1830, p. 49 Vol. 2. Caillié, Réné (1830), Travels through Central Africa to Timbuctoo; and across the Great Desert, to Morocco, performed in the years 1824–1828, London: Colburn & Bentley. Google books: Volume 1, Volume 2.

codesria.org

Jeppie 2008. Jeppie, Shamil (2008), "Re/discovering Timbuktu", in Jeppie, Shamil; Diagne, Souleymane Bachir (eds.), The Meanings of Timbuktu (PDF), Cape Town: HSRC Press, pp. 1–17, ISBN 978-0-7969-2204-5, archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2021, retrieved 26 February 2011.
Cleaveland 2008. Cleaveland, Timothy (2008), "Timbuktu and Walata: lineages and higher education", in Jeppie, Shamil; Diagne, Souleymane Bachir (eds.), The Meanings of Timbuktu (PDF), Cape Town: HSRC Press, pp. 77–91, ISBN 978-0-7969-2204-5, archived from the original (PDF) on 24 April 2021, retrieved 29 April 2012.

cornell.edu

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Styger, Erika (2010), Introducing the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) to irrigated systems in Gao, Mopti, Timbuktu and to rainfed systems in Sikasso (PDF), Bamako, Mali: USAID, Initiatives Intégrées pour la Croissance Économique au Mali, Abt Associates

csusb.edu

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Singleton, Brent D. (2004). "African Bibliophiles: Books and Libraries in Medieval Timbuktu". Libraries & Culture. 39 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1353/lac.2004.0019. JSTOR 25549150. S2CID 161645561.
Singleton, Brent D. (Winter 2004). "African Bibliophiles: Books and Libraries in Medieval Timbuktu". Libraries & Culture. 39 (1): 2. doi:10.1353/lac.2004.0019. S2CID 161645561.

diplomatie.gouv.fr

Mali: Securite (in French), Ministère des affaires étrangères et européennes, retrieved 28 November 2011

doi.org

Pelizzo, Riccardo (2001). "Timbuktu: A Lesson in Underdevelopment". Journal of World-Systems Research. 7 (2): 265–283. doi:10.5195/JWSR.2001.166.
Park 2010. Park, Douglas (2010), "Timbuktu and its prehistoric hinterland", Antiquity, 84 (326): 1076–1088, doi:10.1017/S0003598X00067090, S2CID 161730981.
Adefolalu, D.O. (25 December 1984). "On bioclimatological aspects of Harmattan dust haze in Nigeria". Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics. 33 (4): 387–404. Bibcode:1984AMGBB..33..387A. doi:10.1007/BF02274004. S2CID 118906504.
Benjaminsen, Tor A; Berge, Gunnvor (2004). "Myths of Timbuktu: From African El Dorado to Desertification". International Journal of Political Economy. 34 (1): 31–59. doi:10.1080/08911916.2004.11042915. S2CID 152301812. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
Meunier, D. (1980), "Le commerce du sel de Taoudeni", Journal des Africanistes (in French), 50 (2): 133–144, doi:10.3406/jafr.1980.2010
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Lovejoy, P.; Richardson, D. (1995). "Competing Markets for Male and Female Slaves: Prices in the Interior of West Africa, 1780-1850". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 28 (2): 261–293. doi:10.2307/221615. JSTOR 221615.
Huddleston, Alexandra (1 September 2009). "Divine Learning: The Traditional Islamic Scholarship of Timbuktu". Fourth Genre: Explorations in Nonfiction. 11 (2): 129–135. doi:10.1353/fge.0.0080. ISSN 1522-3868.
Singleton, Brent D. (2004). "African Bibliophiles: Books and Libraries in Medieval Timbuktu". Libraries & Culture. 39 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1353/lac.2004.0019. JSTOR 25549150. S2CID 161645561.
Medupe et al. 2008, p. 179. Medupe, R.T.; Warner, B.; Jeppie, S.; Sanogo, S.; Maiga, M.; Maiga, A.; Dembele, M.; Diakite, D.; Tembely, L.; Kanoute, M.; Traore, S.; Sodio, B.; Hawkes, S. (2008). "The Timbuktu Astronomy Project". In Holbrook, J.; Medupe, R.T.; Urama, J.O. (eds.). African Cultural Astronomy. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings. Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 179–188. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6639-9_13. ISBN 978-1-4020-6639-9.
Makdisi, George (April–June 1989), "Scholasticism and Humanism in Classical Islam and the Christian West", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 109 (2): 175–182 [176], doi:10.2307/604423, JSTOR 604423
Singleton, Brent D. (Winter 2004). "African Bibliophiles: Books and Libraries in Medieval Timbuktu". Libraries & Culture. 39 (1): 2. doi:10.1353/lac.2004.0019. S2CID 161645561.
Commisso, Corrie (1 May 2015). "The Literary Refugees of Timbuktu: How a Group of Unlikely Allies Thwarted Al Qaeda and Organized One of the Most Brazen Cultural Heritage Evacuations Ever Attempted". Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture. 44 (2): 69–77. doi:10.1515/pdtc-2015-0012. S2CID 133065754.

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Adefolalu, D.O. (25 December 1984). "On bioclimatological aspects of Harmattan dust haze in Nigeria". Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics. 33 (4): 387–404. Bibcode:1984AMGBB..33..387A. doi:10.1007/BF02274004. S2CID 118906504.
Thom, Derrick J.; Wells, John C. (1987), "Farming Systems in the Niger Inland Delta, Mali", Geographical Review, 77 (3): 328–342, Bibcode:1987GeoRv..77..328T, doi:10.2307/214124, JSTOR 214124

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Lovejoy, P.; Richardson, D. (1995). "Competing Markets for Male and Female Slaves: Prices in the Interior of West Africa, 1780-1850". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 28 (2): 261–293. doi:10.2307/221615. JSTOR 221615.
Singleton, Brent D. (2004). "African Bibliophiles: Books and Libraries in Medieval Timbuktu". Libraries & Culture. 39 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1353/lac.2004.0019. JSTOR 25549150. S2CID 161645561.
Makdisi, George (April–June 1989), "Scholasticism and Humanism in Classical Islam and the Christian West", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 109 (2): 175–182 [176], doi:10.2307/604423, JSTOR 604423

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Park 2010. Park, Douglas (2010), "Timbuktu and its prehistoric hinterland", Antiquity, 84 (326): 1076–1088, doi:10.1017/S0003598X00067090, S2CID 161730981.
Adefolalu, D.O. (25 December 1984). "On bioclimatological aspects of Harmattan dust haze in Nigeria". Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics. 33 (4): 387–404. Bibcode:1984AMGBB..33..387A. doi:10.1007/BF02274004. S2CID 118906504.
Benjaminsen, Tor A; Berge, Gunnvor (2004). "Myths of Timbuktu: From African El Dorado to Desertification". International Journal of Political Economy. 34 (1): 31–59. doi:10.1080/08911916.2004.11042915. S2CID 152301812. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
Singleton, Brent D. (2004). "African Bibliophiles: Books and Libraries in Medieval Timbuktu". Libraries & Culture. 39 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1353/lac.2004.0019. JSTOR 25549150. S2CID 161645561.
Singleton, Brent D. (Winter 2004). "African Bibliophiles: Books and Libraries in Medieval Timbuktu". Libraries & Culture. 39 (1): 2. doi:10.1353/lac.2004.0019. S2CID 161645561.
Commisso, Corrie (1 May 2015). "The Literary Refugees of Timbuktu: How a Group of Unlikely Allies Thwarted Al Qaeda and Organized One of the Most Brazen Cultural Heritage Evacuations Ever Attempted". Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture. 44 (2): 69–77. doi:10.1515/pdtc-2015-0012. S2CID 133065754.

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