Timeline of scientific discoveries (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Timeline of scientific discoveries" in English language version.

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Jones, A., Alexander (September 1991). "The Adaptation of Babylonian Methods in Greek Numerical Astronomy" (PDF). Isis. 82 (3): 440–453. Bibcode:1991Isis...82..441J. doi:10.1086/355836. S2CID 92988054. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2020.

academia.edu

Rahmstorf, Lorenz (2006), "In Search of the Earliest Balance Weights, Scales and Weighing Systems from the East Mediterranean, the Near and Middle East", in M. E. Alberti; E. Ascalone; Peyronel (eds.), Weights in context. Bronze Age weighing systems of Eastern Mediterranean: chronology, typology, material and archaeological contexts. Proceedings of the International Colloquium, Rome 22–24 November 2004, Rome: Istituto Italiano di Numismatica, pp. 9–45

ams.org

mathscinet.ams.org

Beckmann, Petr (1971). A history of $π$ (2nd ed.). Boulder, CO: The Golem Press. pp. 94–95. ISBN 978-0-88029-418-8. MR 0449960.

apnews.com

"NASA's SOFIA Discovers Water on Sunlit Surface of Moon". AP NEWS. 26 October 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.

archive.org

Bhishagratna, Kaviraj KL (1907). An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita in Three Volumes. Calcutta. Archived from the original on 4 November 2008. Alt URL
Dicks, D.R. (1970). Early Greek Astronomy to Aristotle. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. pp. 68. ISBN 978-0-8014-0561-7.
E. At. Schwanbeck (1877). Ancient India as described by Megasthenês and Arrian; being a translation of the fragments of the Indika of Megasthenês collected by Dr. Schwanbeck, and of the first part of the Indika of Arrian. p. 101.
Knopp, Konrad (1951). Theory and Application of Infinite Series (English 2nd ed.). London and Glasgow: Blackie & Son, Ltd. p. 7. ISBN 0-486-66165-2.
Boyer 1991, "The Age of Plato and Aristotle" p. 93. "It was consequently a signal achievement on the part of Menaechmus when he disclosed that curves having the desired property were near at hand. In fact, there was a family of appropriate curves obtained from a single source – the cutting of a right circular cone by a plane perpendicular to an element of the cone. That is, Menaechmus is reputed to have discovered the curves that were later known as the ellipse, the parabola, and the hyperbola. [...] Yet the first discovery of the ellipse seems to have been made by Menaechmus as a mere by-product in a search in which it was the parabola and hyperbola that proffered the properties needed in the solution of the Delian problem." Boyer, Carl Benjamin (1991). A History of Mathematics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8.
Boyer 1991, "The Age of Plato and Aristotle" pp. 94–95. "Menaechmus apparently derived these properties of the conic sections and others as well. Since this material has a strong resemblance to the use of coordinates, as illustrated above, it has sometimes been maintained that Menaechmus had analytic geometry. Such a judgment is warranted only in part, for certainly Menaechmus was unaware that any equation in two unknown quantities determines a curve. In fact, the general concept of an equation in unknown quantities was alien to Greek thought. It was shortcomings in algebraic notations that, more than anything else, operated against the Greek achievement of a full-fledged coordinate geometry." Boyer, Carl Benjamin (1991). A History of Mathematics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8.
Heath, Thomas L. (1956). The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements (2nd ed. [Facsimile. Original publication: Cambridge University Press, 1925] ed.). New York: Dover Publications.
Boyer 1991, "Greek Trigonometry and Mensuration" pp. 158–159. "Trigonometry, like other branches of mathematics, was not the work of any one man, or nation. Theorems on ratios of the sides of similar triangles had been known to, and used by, the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians. In view of the pre-Hellenic lack of the concept of angle measure, such a study might better be called "trilaterometry", or the measure of three sided polygons (trilaterals), than "trigonometry", the measure of parts of a triangle. With the Greeks we first find a systematic study of relationships between angles (or arcs) in a circle and the lengths of chords subtending these. Properties of chords, as measures of central and inscribed angles in circles, were familiar to the Greeks of Hippocrates' day, and it is likely that Eudoxus had used ratios and angle measures in determining the size of the earth and the relative distances of the sun and the moon. In the works of Euclid there is no trigonometry in the strict sense of the word, but there are theorems equivalent to specific trigonometric laws or formulas. Propositions II.12 and 13 of the Elements, for example, are the laws of cosines for obtuse and acute angles respectively, stated in geometric rather than trigonometric language and proved by a method similar to that used by Euclid in connection with the Pythagorean theorem. Theorems on the lengths of chords are essentially applications of the modern law of sines. We have seen that Archimedes' theorem on the broken chord can readily be translated into trigonometric language analogous to formulas for sines of sums and differences of angles." Boyer, Carl Benjamin (1991). A History of Mathematics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8.
Hoche, Richard, ed. (1866), Nicomachi Geraseni Pythagorei Introductionis arithmeticae libri II, Leipzig: B.G. Teubner, p. 31
Archimedes (1912), The method of Archimedes recently discovered by Heiberg; a supplement to the Works of Archimedes, Cambridge University Press
Boyer 1991, "Archimedes of Syracuse" p. 127. "Greek mathematics sometimes has been described as essentially static, with little regard for the notion of variability; but Archimedes, in his study of the spiral, seems to have found the tangent to a curve through kinematic considerations akin to differential calculus. Thinking of a point on the spiral 1=r = aθ as subjected to a double motion — a uniform radial motion away from the origin of coordinates and a circular motion about the origin — he seems to have found (through the parallelogram of velocities) the direction of motion (hence of the tangent to the curve) by noting the resultant of the two component motions. This appears to be the first instance in which a tangent was found to a curve other than a circle.
Archimedes' study of the spiral, a curve that he ascribed to his friend Conon of Alexandria, was part of the Greek search for the solution of the three famous problems." Boyer, Carl Benjamin (1991). A History of Mathematics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8.
Boyer 1991, "Greek Trigonometry and Mensuration" p. 163. "In Book I of this treatise Menelaus establishes a basis for spherical triangles analogous to that of Euclid I for plane triangles. Included is a theorem without Euclidean analogue – that two spherical triangles are congruent if corresponding angles are equal (Menelaus did not distinguish between congruent and symmetric spherical triangles); and the theorem A + B + C > 180° is established. The second book of the Sphaerica describes the application of spherical geometry to astronomical phenomena and is of little mathematical interest. Book III, the last, contains the well known "theorem of Menelaus" as part of what is essentially spherical trigonometry in the typical Greek form – a geometry or trigonometry of chords in a circle. In the circle in Fig. 10.4 we should write that chord AB is twice the sine of half the central angle AOB (multiplied by the radius of the circle). Menelaus and his Greek successors instead referred to AB simply as the chord corresponding to the arc AB. If BOB' is a diameter of the circle, then chord A' is twice the cosine of half the angle AOB (multiplied by the radius of the circle)." Boyer, Carl Benjamin (1991). A History of Mathematics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8.
Luke Hodgkin (2005). A History of Mathematics: From Mesopotamia to Modernity. Oxford University Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-19-152383-0. Liu is explicit on this; at the point where the Nine Chapters give a detailed and helpful 'Sign Rule'
Boyer 1991, p. ^{[page needed]}. Boyer, Carl Benjamin (1991). A History of Mathematics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8.
Boyer 1991, "The Mathematics of the Hindus" p. 207. "He gave more elegant rules for the sum of the squares and cubes of an initial segment of the positive integers. The sixth part of the product of three quantities consisting of the number of terms, the number of terms plus one, and twice the number of terms plus one is the sum of the squares. The square of the sum of the series is the sum of the cubes." Boyer, Carl Benjamin (1991). A History of Mathematics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8.
Henry Thomas Colebrooke. Algebra, with Arithmetic and Mensuration, from the Sanscrit of Brahmegupta and Bháscara, London 1817, p. 339 (online)
Joseph, G. G. (2000), The Crest of the Peacock: The Non-European Roots of Mathematics, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 416 pages, ISBN 978-0-691-00659-8
Katz, Victor J. (1998). A History of Mathematics: An Introduction (2nd ed.). Addison Wesley. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-321-01618-8.
Bruno, Leonard C (2003) [1999]. Math and mathematicians: the history of math discoveries around the world. Baker, Lawrence W. Detroit, Mich.: U X L. p. 60. ISBN 0787638137. OCLC 41497065.
Jourdain, Philip E. B. (1913). The Nature of Mathematics.
Robert Recorde, The Whetstone of Witte (London, England: John Kyngstone, 1557), p. 236 (although the pages of this book are not numbered). From the chapter titled "The rule of equation, commonly called Algebers Rule" (p. 236): "Howbeit, for easie alteration of equations. I will propounde a fewe examples, bicause the extraction of their rootes, maie the more aptly bee wroughte. And to avoide the tediouse repetition of these woordes: is equalle to: I will sette as I doe often in worke use, a paire of paralleles, or Gemowe [twin, from gemew, from the French gemeau (twin / twins), from the Latin gemellus (little twin)] lines of one lengthe, thus: = , bicause noe .2. thynges, can be moare equalle." (However, for easy manipulation of equations, I will present a few examples in order that the extraction of roots may be more readily done. And to avoid the tedious repetition of these words "is equal to", I will substitute, as I often do when working, a pair of parallels or twin lines of the same length, thus: = , because no two things can be more equal.)

scholar.archive.org

Patronis, Tasos; Patsopoulos, Dimitris (January 2006). "The Theorem of Thales: A Study of the Naming of Theorems in School Geometry Textbooks". The International Journal for the History of Mathematics Education: 57–68. ISSN 1932-8826. Archived from the original on 25 April 2018.

arxiv.org

Parakh, Abhishek (2006). "Aryabhata's Root Extraction Methods". arXiv:math/0608793.

biodiversitylibrary.org

Thibaut, George (1875). "On the Śulvasútras". The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 44: 227–275.

books.google.com

Stephen Chrisomalis (2010). Numerical Notation: A Comparative History. Cambridge University Press. p. 248. ISBN 9780521878180.
Porter, Roy (17 October 1999). The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity (The Norton History of Science). W. W. Norton. pp. 49–50. ISBN 9780393319804. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
Romano, David Gilman (1993). Athletics and Mathematics in Archaic Corinth: The Origins of the Greek Stadion. American Philosophical Society. p. 78. ISBN 9780871692061. A group of mathematical clay tablets from the Old Babylonian Period, excavated at Susa in 1936, and published by E.M. Bruins in 1950, provide the information that the Babylonian approximation of $π$ was 3 1/8 or 3.125.
Seshadri, Conjeevaram (2010). Seshadri, C. S (ed.). Studies in the History of Indian Mathematics. New Delhi: Hindustan Book Agency. pp. 152–153. doi:10.1007/978-93-86279-49-1. ISBN 978-93-80250-06-9.
Ian Stewart (2017). Infinity: a Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-19-875523-4. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017.
Knuth, Donald (1968), The Art of Computer Programming, vol. 1, Addison Wesley, p. 100, ISBN 978-81-7758-754-8, Before Fibonacci wrote his work, the sequence Fn had already been discussed by Indian scholars, who had long been interested in rhythmic patterns... both Gopala (before 1135 AD) and Hemachandra (c. 1150) mentioned the numbers 1,2,3,5,8,13,21 explicitly [see P. Singh Historia Math 12 (1985) 229–44]" p. 100 (3d ed)...
Kelley, David H. & Milone, Eugene F. (2011). Exploring Ancient Skies: A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astronomy (2nd ed.). Springer Science+Business Media. p. 293. Bibcode:2011eas..book.....K. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7624-6. ISBN 978-1-4419-7624-6. OCLC 710113366.
Kelley, David H. & Milone, Eugene F. (2011). Exploring Ancient Skies: A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astronomy (2nd ed.). Springer Science+Business Media. p. 293. Bibcode:2011eas..book.....K. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7624-6. ISBN 978-1-4419-7624-6. OCLC 710113366.
Plofker, Kim (2007), "Mathematics in India", in Victor Katz (ed.), The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam: A Sourcebook, Princeton University Press, pp. 428–434, ISBN 978-0-691-11485-9
Tabak, John (2009), Algebra: Sets, Symbols, and the Language of Thought, Infobase Publishing, p. 42, ISBN 978-0-8160-6875-3
Gupta, R. C. (2000), "History of Mathematics in India", in Hoiberg, Dale; Ramchandani, Indu (eds.), Students' Britannica India: Select essays, Popular Prakashan, p. 329
Smith, A. Mark (2015). From Sight to Light: The Passage from Ancient to Modern Optics. University of Chicago Press. p. 178. ISBN 9780226174761.
Beckmann, Petr (1971). A history of $π$ (2nd ed.). Boulder, CO: The Golem Press. pp. 94–95. ISBN 978-0-88029-418-8. MR 0449960.

britannica.com

Ashtadhyayi, Work by Panini. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2013. Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017. Ashtadhyayi, Sanskrit Aṣṭādhyāyī ("Eight Chapters"), Sanskrit treatise on grammar written in the 6th to 5th century BCE by the Indian grammarian Panini.
Aryabhata at the Encyclopædia Britannica

cincinnatitemple.com

Bhishagratna, Kaviraj KL (1907). An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita in Three Volumes. Calcutta. Archived from the original on 4 November 2008. Alt URL

college-optometrists.org

"The invention of spectacles". The College of Optometrists. Retrieved 9 May 2020.

csmonitor.com

"Neutron star discovery marks breakthrough for 'multi-messenger astronomy'". csmonitor.com. 16 October 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2017.

doi.org

Qiu, Jane (7 January 2014). "Ancient times table hidden in Chinese bamboo strips". Nature News. doi:10.1038/nature.2014.14482. S2CID 130132289.
Beery, Janet L.; Swetz, Frank J. (July 2012), "The best known old Babylonian tablet?", Convergence, Mathematical Association of America, doi:10.4169/loci003889 (inactive 1 November 2024){{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Seshadri, Conjeevaram (2010). Seshadri, C. S (ed.). Studies in the History of Indian Mathematics. New Delhi: Hindustan Book Agency. pp. 152–153. doi:10.1007/978-93-86279-49-1. ISBN 978-93-80250-06-9.
Dicks, D. R. (1959). "Thales". The Classical Quarterly. 9 (2): 294–309. doi:10.1017/S0009838800041586.
Patwardhan, Kishor (2012). "The history of the discovery of blood circulation: Unrecognized contributions of Ayurveda masters". Advances in Physiology Education. 36 (2): 77–82. doi:10.1152/advan.00123.2011. PMID 22665419. S2CID 5922178.
Kadvany, John (2007), "Positional Value and Linguistic Recursion", Journal of Indian Philosophy, 35 (5–6): 487–520, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.565.2083, doi:10.1007/s10781-007-9025-5, S2CID 52885600.
Mabbett, I. W. (1964). "The Date of the Arthaśāstra". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 84 (2). American Oriental Society: 162–169. doi:10.2307/597102. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 597102.
Ossendrijver, Mathieu (29 January 2016). "Ancient Babylonian astronomers calculated Jupiter's position from the area under a time-velocity graph". Science. 351 (6272): 482–484. Bibcode:2016Sci...351..482O. doi:10.1126/science.aad8085. PMID 26823423. S2CID 206644971.
Van Nooten, B. (1 March 1993). "Binary numbers in Indian antiquity". Journal of Indian Philosophy. 21 (1): 31–50. doi:10.1007/BF01092744. S2CID 171039636.
Singh, Parmanand (1985), "The So-called Fibonacci numbers in ancient and medieval India", Historia Mathematica, 12 (3): 229–44, doi:10.1016/0315-0860(85)90021-7
Jones, A., Alexander (September 1991). "The Adaptation of Babylonian Methods in Greek Numerical Astronomy" (PDF). Isis. 82 (3): 440–453. Bibcode:1991Isis...82..441J. doi:10.1086/355836. S2CID 92988054. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
Cajori, Florian (1928). A History of Elementary Mathematics. Vol. 5. The Open Court Company, Publishers. pp. 516–7. doi:10.1126/science.5.117.516. ISBN 978-1-60206-991-6. PMID 17758371. S2CID 36235120. It will be remembered that the scratch method did not spring into existence in the form taught by the writers of the sixteenth century. On the contrary, it is simply the graphical representation of the method employed by the Hindus, who calculated with a coarse pencil on a small dust-covered tablet. The erasing of a figure by the Hindus is here represented by the scratching of a figure. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Lay-Yong, Lam (1966). "On the Chinese Origin of the Galley Method of Arithmetical Division". The British Journal for the History of Science. 3: 66–69. doi:10.1017/S0007087400000200. S2CID 145407605.
Pasipoularides, Ares (1 March 2014). "Galen, father of systematic medicine. An essay on the evolution of modern medicine and cardiology". International Journal of Cardiology. 172 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.12.166. PMID 24461486.
Kelley, David H. & Milone, Eugene F. (2011). Exploring Ancient Skies: A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astronomy (2nd ed.). Springer Science+Business Media. p. 293. Bibcode:2011eas..book.....K. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7624-6. ISBN 978-1-4419-7624-6. OCLC 710113366.
Kelley, David H. & Milone, Eugene F. (2011). Exploring Ancient Skies: A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astronomy (2nd ed.). Springer Science+Business Media. p. 293. Bibcode:2011eas..book.....K. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7624-6. ISBN 978-1-4419-7624-6. OCLC 710113366.
Ranjan Roy (December 1990). "The discovery of the series formula for π by Leibnitz, Gregory and Nilakantha". Mathematics Magazine. 63 (5). Mathematical Association of America: 291–306. doi:10.2307/2690896. JSTOR 2690896. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
Brink, David (2015). "Nilakantha's accelerated series for π". Acta Arithmetica. 171 (4): 293–308. doi:10.4064/aa171-4-1.
Volckart, Oliver (1997). "Early beginnings of the quantity theory of money and their context in Polish and Prussian monetary policies, c. 1520–1550". The Economic History Review. 50 (3). Wiley-Blackwell: 430–49. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00063. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 2599810.
Green, Richard E.; Krause, Johannes; Briggs, Adrian W.; Maricic, Tomislav; Stenzel, Udo; Kircher, Martin; Patterson, Nick; Li, Heng; Zhai, Weiwei; Fritz, Markus Hsi-Yang; Hansen, Nancy F.; Durand, Eric Y.; Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Jensen, Jeffrey D.; Marques-Bonet, Tomas (7 May 2010). "A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome". Science. 328 (5979): 710–722. doi:10.1126/science.1188021. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 5100745. PMID 20448178.
Heo, Se-Yeon; Ju Lee, Gil; Song, Young Min (June 2022). "Heat-shedding with photonic structures: radiative cooling and its potential". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 10 (27): 9915–9937. doi:10.1039/D2TC00318J. S2CID 249695930 – via Royal Society of Chemistry.
Raman, Aaswath P.; Anoma, Marc Abou; Zhu, Linxiao; Raphaeli, Eden; Fan, Shanhui (2014). "Passive Radiative Cooling Below Ambient air Temperature under Direct Sunlight". Nature. 515 (7528): 540–544. Bibcode:2014Natur.515..540R. doi:10.1038/nature13883. PMID 25428501. S2CID 4382732 – via nature.com.

ed.ac.uk

roslin.ed.ac.uk

"The Roslin Institute (University of Edinburgh) – Public Interest: Dolly the Sheep". www.roslin.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 January 2017.

ed.gov

eric.ed.gov

K., Bidwell, James (30 November 1993). "Archimedes and Pi-Revisited". School Science and Mathematics. 94 (3).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

encyclopedia.com

Kurt Vogel, "Diophantus of Alexandria." in Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Encyclopedia.com, 2008. Quote: The symbolism that Diophantus introduced for the first time, and undoubtedly devised himself, provided a short and readily comprehensible means of expressing an equation... Since an abbreviation is also employed for the word ‘equals’, Diophantus took a fundamental step from verbal algebra towards symbolic algebra.

genome.gov

"2001: First Draft of the Human Genome Sequence Released". www.genome.gov. Retrieved 16 December 2024.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Ansari, S.M.R. (March 1977). "Aryabhata I, His Life and His Contributions". Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India. 5 (1): 10–18. Bibcode:1977BASI....5...10A. hdl:2248/502.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Ossendrijver, Mathieu (29 January 2016). "Ancient Babylonian astronomers calculated Jupiter's position from the area under a time-velocity graph". Science. 351 (6272): 482–484. Bibcode:2016Sci...351..482O. doi:10.1126/science.aad8085. PMID 26823423. S2CID 206644971.
Jones, A., Alexander (September 1991). "The Adaptation of Babylonian Methods in Greek Numerical Astronomy" (PDF). Isis. 82 (3): 440–453. Bibcode:1991Isis...82..441J. doi:10.1086/355836. S2CID 92988054. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
Ansari, S.M.R. (March 1977). "Aryabhata I, His Life and His Contributions". Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India. 5 (1): 10–18. Bibcode:1977BASI....5...10A. hdl:2248/502.
Kelley, David H. & Milone, Eugene F. (2011). Exploring Ancient Skies: A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astronomy (2nd ed.). Springer Science+Business Media. p. 293. Bibcode:2011eas..book.....K. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7624-6. ISBN 978-1-4419-7624-6. OCLC 710113366.
Kelley, David H. & Milone, Eugene F. (2011). Exploring Ancient Skies: A Survey of Ancient and Cultural Astronomy (2nd ed.). Springer Science+Business Media. p. 293. Bibcode:2011eas..book.....K. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7624-6. ISBN 978-1-4419-7624-6. OCLC 710113366.
Raman, Aaswath P.; Anoma, Marc Abou; Zhu, Linxiao; Raphaeli, Eden; Fan, Shanhui (2014). "Passive Radiative Cooling Below Ambient air Temperature under Direct Sunlight". Nature. 515 (7528): 540–544. Bibcode:2014Natur.515..540R. doi:10.1038/nature13883. PMID 25428501. S2CID 4382732 – via nature.com.

hw.ac.uk

sml.hw.ac.uk

Mochrie, Robert (2005). Justice in Exchange: The Economic Philosophy of John Duns Scotus^{[dead link‍]}

insa.nic.in

Amulya Kumar Bag (6 January 1966). "Binomial theorem in Ancient India" (PDF). Indian J. Hist. Sci.: 68–74.

jcvi.org

"JCVI: First Self-Replicating, Synthetic Bacterial Cell Constructed by J. Craig Venter Institute Researchers". jcvi.org. Retrieved 12 August 2018.

jstor.org

Mabbett, I. W. (1964). "The Date of the Arthaśāstra". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 84 (2). American Oriental Society: 162–169. doi:10.2307/597102. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 597102.
Ranjan Roy (December 1990). "The discovery of the series formula for π by Leibnitz, Gregory and Nilakantha". Mathematics Magazine. 63 (5). Mathematical Association of America: 291–306. doi:10.2307/2690896. JSTOR 2690896. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
Volckart, Oliver (1997). "Early beginnings of the quantity theory of money and their context in Polish and Prussian monetary policies, c. 1520–1550". The Economic History Review. 50 (3). Wiley-Blackwell: 430–49. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.00063. ISSN 0013-0117. JSTOR 2599810.

knaw.nl

dwc.knaw.nl

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