Timur (English Wikipedia)

Kravets, S. L.; et al., eds. (2016). "ТИМУ́Р ТАМЕРЛАН" [Timúr Tamerlan]. Great Russian Encyclopedia (in Russian). Vol. 32: Televizionnaya bashnya – Ulan-Bator. Moscow, Russia: Great Russian Encyclopedia. ISBN 978-5-85270-369-9. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023. Сын бека Тарагая из тюркизированного монг. племени барлас [Son of Bek Taragai from the Turkified Mongol Barlas tribe].

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Manz 1999, p. 14. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
Meri, Josef W. (2005). Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. p. 812. ISBN 978-0415966900.
Manz 1999, p. 1. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
Seekins, Donald M.; Nyrop, Richard F. (1986). Afghanistan A Country Study. The Studies. p. 11. ISBN 978-0160239298 – via Google Books. Timur was of both Turkish and Mongol descent and claimed Genghis Khan as an ancestor
International Association for Mongol Studies (2002). Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгч Н. Багабандийн ивээлд болж буй Олон Улсын Монголч Эрдэмтний VIII их хурал (Улаанбаатар хот 2002. VIII. 5–11): Илтгэлүүдийн товчлол [Eighth International Congress of Mongolists being convened under the patronage of N. Bagabandi, president of Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar city 2002): Summary of presentations] (in Mongolian). Vol. III. OUMSKh-ny Nariĭn bichgiĭn darga naryn gazar. pp. 5–11 – via Google Books. First of all, Timur's genealogy gives him a common ancestor with Chinggis Khan in Tumbinai – sechen or Tumanay Khan.
Woods, John E. (2002). Timur and Chinggis Khan. Eighth International Congress of Mongolists being convened under the patronage of N. Bagabandi, president of Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar: OUMSKh-ny Nariĭn bichgiĭn darga naryn gazar. p. 377.
Ahmad ibn Arabshah; McChesney, Robert D. (2017). Tamerlane: The Life of the Great Amir. Translated by M. M. Khorramia. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 4. ISBN 978-1784531706.
Gérard Chaliand, Nomadic Empires: From Mongolia to the Danube translated by A. M. Berrett, Transaction Publishers, 2004. translated by A.M. Berrett. Transaction Publishers, p. 75. ISBN 076580204X. Limited preview at Google Books. p. 75., ISBN 076580204X, p. 75., "Timur Leng (Tamerlane) Timur, known as the lame (1336–1405) was a Muslim Turk. He aspired to recreate the empire of his ancestors. He was a military genius who loved to play chess in his spare time to improve his military tactics and skill. And although he wielded absolute power, he never called himself more than an emir.", "Timur Leng (Tamerlane) Timur, known as the lame (1336–1405) was a Muslim Turk from the Umus of Chagatai who saw himself as Genghis Khan's heir."
John Joseph Saunders, The history of the Mongol conquests (p. 174), Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, 1971, ISBN 0812217667.
Jackson, Peter (2023). From Genghis Khan to Tamerlane: The Reawakening of Mongol Asia. Yale University Press. pp. 225–27. ISBN 978-0-300-27504-9.
Woods, John E. (1990). Martin Bernard Dickson; Michel M. Mazzaoui; Vera Basch Moreen (eds.). "Timur's Genealogy". Intellectual Studies on Islam: Essays Written in Honor of Martin B. Dickson. University of Utah Press: 97. ISBN 978-0874803426.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
Mackenzie, Franklin (1963). The Ocean and the Steppe: The Life and Times of the Mongol Conqueror Genghis Khan, 1155–1227. Vantage Press. p. 322.
Woods, John E. (1991). The Timurid dynasty. Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies. p. 9.
Haidar, Mansura (2004). Indo-Central Asian Relations: From Early Times to Medieval Period. Manohar. p. 126. ISBN 978-8173045080.
Keene, Henry George (2001) [1878]. The Turks in India. Honolulu, HI: University Press of the Pacific. p. 20. ISBN 978-0898755343.
Manz 1999, pp. 164–165. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
Fischel, Walter J. (1952). Ibn Khaldun and Tamerlane. Berkeley, CA / Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 37.
Sela, Ron (2011). The Legendary Biographies of Tamerlane: Islam and Heroic Apocrypha in Central Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-1139498340.
Droese, Janine; Karolewski, Janina (4 December 2023). Manuscript Albums and their Cultural Contexts: Collectors, Objects, and Practices. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 135. ISBN 978-3-11-132146-2. To the best of my knowledge, the earliest portrait of Timur can be found in a genealogical scroll (Istanbul, Topkapı Palace Museum, H. 2152, fols 32-43"), produced shortly after his death in Samarqand (probably under the reign of Khalil Sultan, r. 1405-1409)
G. R. Garthwaite, The Persians, Malden, ISBN 978-1557868602, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2007. p.148. Quotation: "Timur's tribe, the Barlas, had Mongol origins but had become Turkic-speaking ... However, the Barlus tribe is considered one of the original Mongol tribes and there are "Barlus Ovogton" people who belong to Barlus tribe in modern Mongolia."
Moin, A. Azfar (2012). The Millennial Sovereign: Sacred Kingship and Sainthood in Islam. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 40–43. ISBN 978-0231504713. OCLC 967261884.
Riasanovsky & Steinberg 2005, p. 93. Riasanovsky, Nicholas Valentine; Steinberg, Mark D. (2005). A History of Russia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515394-1. Archived from the original on 7 September 2024. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
Crummey 2014, p. 64. Crummey, Robert O. (6 June 2014). The Formation of Muscovy 1300 - 1613. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-87200-9.
Wescoat, James L.; Wolschke-Bulmahn, Joachim (1996). Mughal Gardens. Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 978-0884022350 – via google.ca.
Melville 2020, p. 32. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Timur (2013). The Mulfuzat Timury, Or, Autobiographical Memoirs of the Moghul Emperor Timur: Written in the Jagtay Turky Language. Cambridge University Press. pp. vii–xxxvii. ISBN 978-1108056021.
Melville 2020, p. 56. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Manz 1999, pp. 67–71. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
Melville 2020, pp. 97–100. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Manz 1999, pp. 123–125. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
Melville 2020, p. 109. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Shterenshis, Michael (2002). Tamerlane and the Jews. Psychology Press. pp. 144–189. ISBN 978-0700716968.
Strange, Guy Le (1905). The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate: Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia, from the Moslem Conquest to the Time of Timur. University Press. p. 235.
Morgan, David (2014). Medieval Persia 1040–1797. Routledge. pp. 167–184. ISBN 978-1317871408.
Riasanovsky & Steinberg 2005, p. 94. Riasanovsky, Nicholas Valentine; Steinberg, Mark D. (2005). A History of Russia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515394-1. Archived from the original on 7 September 2024. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
Grousset, René (1970). The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia. Rutgers University Press. p. 444. ISBN 978-0-8135-1304-1.
Singh, Surinder (2023). The Making of Medieval Panjab: Politics, Society and Culture, c.1000–c.1500. Taylor & Francis. pp. 374, 390. ISBN 978-1-032-65440-9.
Pletcher, Kenneth, ed. (2010). The History of India. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 131. ISBN 978-1615301225.
Elliot, Henry Miers (2013). History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period. Cambridge University Press. pp. 489–493. ISBN 978-1108055857.
Sen, Sudipta (2019). Ganga: The Many Pasts of a River. Penguin Random House India. ISBN 978-9353054489 – via Google Books.
Singh, Raj Pal (1988). Rise of the Jat power. Harman Publishing House. ISBN 978-8185151052. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
ʻArabshāh, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Ibn (1976). Tamerlane: Or, Timur, the Great Amir. Progressive Books. p. 168.
Kevin Reilly (2012). The Human Journey: A Concise Introduction to World History. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 164–. ISBN 978-1442213845.
Lodge, Henry Cabot (1913). The History of Nations. P. F. Collier. pp. 51–.
Belozerskaya, Marina (2012). Medusas Gaze: The Extraordinary Journey of the Tazza Farnese. Oxford University Press. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-0199876426.
Vertot (abbé de) (1856). The History of the Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem: Styled Afterwards, the Knights of Rhodes, and at Present, the Knights of Malta. J. W. Leonard & Company. pp. 104–.
Tsai 2002, pp. 188–189. Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry (2002). Perpetual Happiness: the Ming Emperor Yongle. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0295981246. OCLC 870409962.
Tsai 2002, p. 161. Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry (2002). Perpetual Happiness: the Ming Emperor Yongle. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0295981246. OCLC 870409962.
Manz 1999, p. 17. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
Manz 1999, p. 16. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
Saunders, J. J. (2001). The History of the Mongol Conquests. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 173–. ISBN 978-0812217667.
Cowell, Professor (first name not given). MacMillan's Magazine, vol. XXX (via Google Books). London, England: MacMillan & Company, 1874, p. 252.
Manz 1999, p. 109"In Temür's government, as in those of most nomad dynasties, it is impossible to find a clear distinction between civil and military affairs, or to identify the Persian bureaucracy as solely civil or the Turko-Mongolian solely with military government. In fact, it is difficult to define the sphere of either side of the administration and we find Persians and Chaghatays sharing many tasks. (In discussing the settled bureaucracy and the people who worked within it I use the word Persian in a cultural rather than ethnological sense. In almost all the territories which Temür incorporated into his realm Persian was the primary language of administration and literary culture. Thus the language of the settled 'diwan' was Persian and its scribes had to be thoroughly adept in Persian culture, whatever their ethnic origin.) Temür's Chaghatay emirs were often involved in civil and provincial administration and even in financial affairs, traditionally the province of Persian bureaucracy." Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
Foltz 2019, p. 179. Foltz, Richard (2019). A History of the Tajiks: Iranians of the East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1784539559.
ad-DīnʿAlī Yazdī, Sharaf (1723). The History of Timur-Bec. Vol. 1. pp. xii–ix. Punctuation and spelling modernized.
Oshanin, Lev Vasil'evich (1964). Anthropological composition of the population of Central Asia: and the ethnogenesis of its peoples. Vol. 2. Peabody Museum. p. 39.
Berna Özcan, Gül (2018). Diverging Paths of Development in Central Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1351739429.
Yah, Lim Chong (2001). Southeast Asia: The Long Road Ahead. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company. p. 3. ISBN 978-9813105843.
Russian Translation Series of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Harvard University. 1964.
Congress, United States. Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the United States Congress. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. A7238.
Nogueira, Adeilson (28 March 2020). Timur. Clube de Autores. pp. 9–10.

brillonline.com (Global: 1,475^th place; English: 1,107^th place)

referenceworks.brillonline.com

Manz, Beatrice F. (2000). "Tīmūr Lang". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 10 (2nd ed.). Brill. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
Manz, Beatrice F. (24 April 2012). "Tīmūr Lang". In Bearman, P.; Th. Bianquis; C. E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W. P. Heinrichs (eds.). Tīmūr Lang. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. The birthdate commonly ascribed to Tīmūr, 25 S̲h̲aʿbān 736/8 April 1336, is probably an invention from the time of his successor S̲h̲āh Ruk̲h̲ [q.v.], the day chosen for astrological meaning and the year to coincide with the death of the last Il-K̲h̲ān.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Timur". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
"Timur". Encyclopædia Britannica. 5 September 2023. § Life. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2023. Timur was a member of the Turkicized Barlas tribe, a Mongol subgroup that had settled in Transoxania (now roughly corresponding to Uzbekistan) after taking part in Genghis Khan's son Chagatai's campaigns in that region.
Phillips, Charles (10 December 2023). "Battle of Delhi". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
"Nestorianism | Definition, History, & Churches | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2 June 2023. Archived from the original on 4 May 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2022.

chicagotribune.com (Global: 143^rd place; English: 80^th place)

"The Rehabilitation of Tamerlane". Chicago Tribune. 17 January 1999. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024.

culture.gouv.fr (Global: 140^th place; English: 787^th place)

archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr

Document preserved at Le Musée de l'Histoire de France, code AE III 204. Mentioned Dossier II, 7, J936 Archived 26 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
Mentioned Dossier II, 7 bis.
Mentioned Dossier II, 7 ter.

cyberleninka.ru (Global: 527^th place; English: 2,876^th place)

Mirgaleev et al. 2022, p. 79. Mirgaleev, Ilnur; Adygamov, Ramil; Abdurrahman, Husam (2022). "The Personality of Tamerlane in the Works of Medieval Theologians". Golden Horde Review (in Russian) (1): 77–88.
Mirgaleev et al. 2022, p. 83. Mirgaleev, Ilnur; Adygamov, Ramil; Abdurrahman, Husam (2022). "The Personality of Tamerlane in the Works of Medieval Theologians". Golden Horde Review (in Russian) (1): 77–88.
Mirgaleev et al. 2022, p. 80. Mirgaleev, Ilnur; Adygamov, Ramil; Abdurrahman, Husam (2022). "The Personality of Tamerlane in the Works of Medieval Theologians". Golden Horde Review (in Russian) (1): 77–88.
Mirgaleev et al. 2022, pp. 78–79. Mirgaleev, Ilnur; Adygamov, Ramil; Abdurrahman, Husam (2022). "The Personality of Tamerlane in the Works of Medieval Theologians". Golden Horde Review (in Russian) (1): 77–88.
Mirgaleev et al. 2022, pp. 79–80. Mirgaleev, Ilnur; Adygamov, Ramil; Abdurrahman, Husam (2022). "The Personality of Tamerlane in the Works of Medieval Theologians". Golden Horde Review (in Russian) (1): 77–88.
Mirgaleev et al. 2022, p. 77. Mirgaleev, Ilnur; Adygamov, Ramil; Abdurrahman, Husam (2022). "The Personality of Tamerlane in the Works of Medieval Theologians". Golden Horde Review (in Russian) (1): 77–88.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Chann, Naindeep Singh (2009). "Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction: Origins of the Ṣāḥib-Qirān". Iran & the Caucasus. 13 (1): 93–110. doi:10.1163/160984909X12476379007927. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25597394.
Chann, Naindeep Singh (2008). "Intellectual Movements during Timuri and Safavid Periods (1500-1700 A.D.)". Iran and the Caucasus. 12 (2): 413–415. doi:10.1163/157338408x406182. ISSN 1609-8498.
Sinor, Denis (1990). "Introduction: The concept of Inner Asia". The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–18. doi:10.1017/chol9780521243049.002. ISBN 978-0521243049.
Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1988). "Tamerlane and the Symbolism of Sovereignty". Iranian Studies. 21 (1–2): 105–122. doi:10.1080/00210868808701711. ISSN 0021-0862. JSTOR 4310596.
Manz, Beatrice Forbes (2002). "Tamerlane's Career and Its Uses". Journal of World History. 13: 3. doi:10.1353/jwh.2002.0017. S2CID 143436772.
Melville 2020, p. 32. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Melville 2020, p. 56. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Melville 2020, pp. 97–100. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Melville 2020, p. 109. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Milwright, Marcus (2006). "So Despicable a Vessel: Representations of Tamerlane in Printed Books of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". Muqarnas. 23: 317. doi:10.1163/22118993-90000105.
Knobler, Adam (November 1995). "The Rise of Timur and Western Diplomatic Response, 1390–1405". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Third Series. 5 (3): 341–349. doi:10.1017/s135618630000660x. S2CID 162421202.

eb.com (Global: 7,260^th place; English: 9,121^st place)

search.eb.com

"Timur". Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Academic Edition. 2007. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
"Central Asia, history of Timur Archived 31 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine", in Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Edition, 2007. (Quotation: "Under his leadership, Timur united the Mongol tribes located in the basins of the two rivers.")
"Islamic world", in Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Edition, 2007. Quotation: "Timur (Tamerlane) was of Mongol descent and he aimed to restore Mongol power."

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

Galeotti 2024, p. 93. Galeotti, Mark (5 November 2024). Forged in War: A Military History of Russia from Its Beginnings to Today. Bloomsbury USA. ISBN 978-1-4728-6251-8.

historyonthisday.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Battle of Delhi | 17 December 1398". History on this day. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.

imdb.com (Global: 22^nd place; English: 33^rd place)

"Näsimi (1973)". IMDb. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
"Day Watch – Full Cast & Crew". IMDb. Archived from the original on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2020.

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

"Uzbekistan: On the bloody trail of Tamerlane". The Independent. London. 9 July 2006. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2016.

iranicaonline.org (Global: 320^th place; English: 308^th place)

ud-Din, Hameed (2011). "Abū Ṭāleb Ḥosaynī". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

irannamag.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lee 2021, pp. 203–204. Lee, Joo-Yup (2021). "The Timurid View of the Mongols: An Examination of the Mongol Identity of the Timurids". Iran Namag. 6 (3–4): 200–216.
Lee 2021, p. 209. Lee, Joo-Yup (2021). "The Timurid View of the Mongols: An Examination of the Mongol Identity of the Timurids". Iran Namag. 6 (3–4): 200–216.
Lee 2021, p. 205, 215. Lee, Joo-Yup (2021). "The Timurid View of the Mongols: An Examination of the Mongol Identity of the Timurids". Iran Namag. 6 (3–4): 200–216.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Chann, Naindeep Singh (2009). "Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction: Origins of the Ṣāḥib-Qirān". Iran & the Caucasus. 13 (1): 93–110. doi:10.1163/160984909X12476379007927. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25597394.
Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1988). "Tamerlane and the Symbolism of Sovereignty". Iranian Studies. 21 (1–2): 105–122. doi:10.1080/00210868808701711. ISSN 0021-0862. JSTOR 4310596.

oxuscom.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dickens, Mark and Dickens, Ruth. "Timurid Architecture in Samarkand". Oxuscom.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2012.

pcgamer.com (Global: 406^th place; English: 284^th place)

"Age of Empires 2: Definitive Edition review". PC Gamer. 12 November 2019. Archived from the original on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.

rbedrosian.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Turco-Mongol Invasions". Rbedrosian.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.

saudiaramcoworld.com (Global: 9,512^th place; English: 8,392^nd place)

Gies, Frances Carney (September–October 1978). "The Man Who Met Tamerlane". Saudi Aramco World. 29 (5). Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.

scroll.in (Global: 1,216^th place; English: 593^rd place)

Shahane, Girish (28 December 2016). "Counterview: Taimur's actions were uniquely horrific in Indian history". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2016.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Manz, Beatrice Forbes (2002). "Tamerlane's Career and Its Uses". Journal of World History. 13: 3. doi:10.1353/jwh.2002.0017. S2CID 143436772.
Melville 2020, p. 32. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Melville 2020, p. 56. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Melville 2020, pp. 97–100. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Melville 2020, p. 109. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Knobler, Adam (November 1995). "The Rise of Timur and Western Diplomatic Response, 1390–1405". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Third Series. 5 (3): 341–349. doi:10.1017/s135618630000660x. S2CID 162421202.

silk-road.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lee, Adela C. Y. "Tamerlane (1336–1405) – The Last Great Nomad Power". Silkroad Foundation. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2012.

thoughtco.com (Global: 2,170^th place; English: 1,937^th place)

Szczepanski, Kallie (21 July 2019). "Biography of Tamerlane, 14th Century Conqueror of Asia". ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2020.

umk.pl (Global: 4,718^th place; English: low place)

kpbc.umk.pl

Norouzian, Giti (2011). "A copy of a panegyric biography of Timur, the Zafar-Nama of 936 H, with pictures attributed to Bihzad". The Art of the Islamic World (PDF). Manggha, Polish Institute of World Art Studies. p. 139.

unesco.org (Global: 104^th place; English: 170^th place)

en.unesco.org

Ashrafyan, K. Z. (1998). "Central Asia under Timur from 1370 to the early fifteenth century". In Asimov, M. S. (ed.). History of civilizations of Central Asia: A.D. 750 to the end of the fifteenth century. Part 1: Vol. 4, The age of achievement The historical, social and economic setting (PDF). Paris: UNESCO Publ. ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Timur". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
Shahane, Girish (28 December 2016). "Counterview: Taimur's actions were uniquely horrific in Indian history". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
"The Rehabilitation of Tamerlane". Chicago Tribune. 17 January 1999. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
"Timur". Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Academic Edition. 2007. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
Manz, Beatrice F. (2000). "Tīmūr Lang". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 10 (2nd ed.). Brill. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
"Central Asia, history of Timur Archived 31 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine", in Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Edition, 2007. (Quotation: "Under his leadership, Timur united the Mongol tribes located in the basins of the two rivers.")
Kravets, S. L.; et al., eds. (2016). "ТИМУ́Р ТАМЕРЛАН" [Timúr Tamerlan]. Great Russian Encyclopedia (in Russian). Vol. 32: Televizionnaya bashnya – Ulan-Bator. Moscow, Russia: Great Russian Encyclopedia. ISBN 978-5-85270-369-9. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023. Сын бека Тарагая из тюркизированного монг. племени барлас [Son of Bek Taragai from the Turkified Mongol Barlas tribe].
"Timur". Encyclopædia Britannica. 5 September 2023. § Life. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2023. Timur was a member of the Turkicized Barlas tribe, a Mongol subgroup that had settled in Transoxania (now roughly corresponding to Uzbekistan) after taking part in Genghis Khan's son Chagatai's campaigns in that region.
Riasanovsky & Steinberg 2005, p. 93. Riasanovsky, Nicholas Valentine; Steinberg, Mark D. (2005). A History of Russia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515394-1. Archived from the original on 7 September 2024. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
Riasanovsky & Steinberg 2005, p. 94. Riasanovsky, Nicholas Valentine; Steinberg, Mark D. (2005). A History of Russia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515394-1. Archived from the original on 7 September 2024. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
Phillips, Charles (10 December 2023). "Battle of Delhi". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
"Battle of Delhi | 17 December 1398". History on this day. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
"The Turco-Mongol Invasions". Rbedrosian.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
Lee, Adela C. Y. "Tamerlane (1336–1405) – The Last Great Nomad Power". Silkroad Foundation. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
Document preserved at Le Musée de l'Histoire de France, code AE III 204. Mentioned Dossier II, 7, J936 Archived 26 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
Gies, Frances Carney (September–October 1978). "The Man Who Met Tamerlane". Saudi Aramco World. 29 (5). Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
"Nestorianism | Definition, History, & Churches | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2 June 2023. Archived from the original on 4 May 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
ud-Din, Hameed (2011). "Abū Ṭāleb Ḥosaynī". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
"Uzbekistan: On the bloody trail of Tamerlane". The Independent. London. 9 July 2006. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
Dickens, Mark and Dickens, Ruth. "Timurid Architecture in Samarkand". Oxuscom.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
"Day Watch – Full Cast & Crew". IMDb. Archived from the original on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
"Age of Empires 2: Definitive Edition review". PC Gamer. 12 November 2019. Archived from the original on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
Szczepanski, Kallie (21 July 2019). "Biography of Tamerlane, 14th Century Conqueror of Asia". ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2020.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Chann, Naindeep Singh (2009). "Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction: Origins of the Ṣāḥib-Qirān". Iran & the Caucasus. 13 (1): 93–110. doi:10.1163/160984909X12476379007927. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25597394.
Chann, Naindeep Singh (2008). "Intellectual Movements during Timuri and Safavid Periods (1500-1700 A.D.)". Iran and the Caucasus. 12 (2): 413–415. doi:10.1163/157338408x406182. ISSN 1609-8498.
Glassé, Cyril (2001). The new encyclopedia of Islam (Revised ed.). Walnut Creek, California: AltaMira Press. ISBN 0759101892. OCLC 48553252.
Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1988). "Tamerlane and the Symbolism of Sovereignty". Iranian Studies. 21 (1–2): 105–122. doi:10.1080/00210868808701711. ISSN 0021-0862. JSTOR 4310596.
Moin, A. Azfar (2012). The Millennial Sovereign: Sacred Kingship and Sainthood in Islam. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 40–43. ISBN 978-0231504713. OCLC 967261884.
Aigle, Denise (2014). The Mongol Empire between Myth and Reality : Studies in Anthropological History. Leiden: Brill. p. 132. ISBN 978-90-04-27749-6. OCLC 994352727.
Tsai 2002, pp. 188–189. Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry (2002). Perpetual Happiness: the Ming Emperor Yongle. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0295981246. OCLC 870409962.
Tsai 2002, p. 161. Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry (2002). Perpetual Happiness: the Ming Emperor Yongle. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0295981246. OCLC 870409962.

Timur (English Wikipedia)

academia.edu (Global: 105th place; English: 99th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

bigenc.ru (Global: 556th place; English: 3,627th place)

old.bigenc.ru

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

brillonline.com (Global: 1,475th place; English: 1,107th place)

referenceworks.brillonline.com

britannica.com (Global: 37th place; English: 64th place)

chicagotribune.com (Global: 143rd place; English: 80th place)

culture.gouv.fr (Global: 140th place; English: 787th place)

archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr

cyberleninka.ru (Global: 527th place; English: 2,876th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

eb.com (Global: 7,260th place; English: 9,121st place)

search.eb.com

google.com (Global: 109th place; English: 87th place)

historyonthisday.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

imdb.com (Global: 22nd place; English: 33rd place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46th place; English: 29th place)

iranicaonline.org (Global: 320th place; English: 308th place)

irannamag.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

oxuscom.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

pcgamer.com (Global: 406th place; English: 284th place)

rbedrosian.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

saudiaramcoworld.com (Global: 9,512th place; English: 8,392nd place)

scroll.in (Global: 1,216th place; English: 593rd place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

silk-road.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

thoughtco.com (Global: 2,170th place; English: 1,937th place)

umk.pl (Global: 4,718th place; English: low place)

kpbc.umk.pl

unesco.org (Global: 104th place; English: 170th place)

en.unesco.org

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; English: 99^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bigenc.ru (Global: 556^th place; English: 3,627^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

brillonline.com (Global: 1,475^th place; English: 1,107^th place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

chicagotribune.com (Global: 143^rd place; English: 80^th place)

culture.gouv.fr (Global: 140^th place; English: 787^th place)

cyberleninka.ru (Global: 527^th place; English: 2,876^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

eb.com (Global: 7,260^th place; English: 9,121^st place)

google.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

imdb.com (Global: 22^nd place; English: 33^rd place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

iranicaonline.org (Global: 320^th place; English: 308^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

pcgamer.com (Global: 406^th place; English: 284^th place)

saudiaramcoworld.com (Global: 9,512^th place; English: 8,392^nd place)

scroll.in (Global: 1,216^th place; English: 593^rd place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

thoughtco.com (Global: 2,170^th place; English: 1,937^th place)

umk.pl (Global: 4,718^th place; English: low place)

unesco.org (Global: 104^th place; English: 170^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)