Timur (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Timur" in English language version.

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Marozzi, Justin (2006). Tamerlane: Sword of Islam, Conqueror of the World. Da Capo Press. p. 342. ISBN 978-0306814655.
Hannah, Ian C. (1900). A brief history of eastern Asia. T. F. Unwin. p. 92. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
Chaliand, Gerard; Blin, Arnaud (2007). The History of Terrorism: From Antiquity to Al Qaeda. University of California Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0520247093. isfahan Timur.
Sims, Eleanor (2002). Peerless images : Persian painting and its sources. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. pp. 201–203. ISBN 978-0300090383.
Manz 1999, p. 17. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.

atlasobscura.com

"Facial Reconstruction, Nazis, and Siberia: The story of Mikhail Gerasimov". 25 January 2011. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2020.

bigenc.ru

old.bigenc.ru

Kravets, S. L.; et al., eds. (2016). "ТИМУ́Р ТАМЕРЛАН" [Timúr Tamerlan]. Great Russian Encyclopedia (in Russian). Vol. 32: Televizionnaya bashnya – Ulan-Bator. Moscow, Russia: Great Russian Encyclopedia. ISBN 978-5-85270-369-9. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023. Сын бека Тарагая из тюркизированного монг. племени барлас [Son of Bek Taragai from the Turkified Mongol Barlas tribe].

books.google.com

Manz 1999, p. 14. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
Meri, Josef W. (2005). Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. p. 812. ISBN 978-0415966900.
Manz 1999, p. 1. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
Seekins, Donald M.; Nyrop, Richard F. (1986). Afghanistan A Country Study. The Studies. p. 11. ISBN 978-0160239298 – via Google Books. Timur was of both Turkish and Mongol descent and claimed Genghis Khan as an ancestor
International Association for Mongol Studies (2002). Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгч Н. Багабандийн ивээлд болж буй Олон Улсын Монголч Эрдэмтний VIII их хурал (Улаанбаатар хот 2002. VIII. 5–11): Илтгэлүүдийн товчлол [Eighth International Congress of Mongolists being convened under the patronage of N. Bagabandi, president of Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar city 2002): Summary of presentations] (in Mongolian). Vol. III. OUMSKh-ny Nariĭn bichgiĭn darga naryn gazar. pp. 5–11 – via Google Books. First of all, Timur's genealogy gives him a common ancestor with Chinggis Khan in Tumbinai – sechen or Tumanay Khan.
Woods, John E. (2002). Timur and Chinggis Khan. Eighth International Congress of Mongolists being convened under the patronage of N. Bagabandi, president of Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar: OUMSKh-ny Nariĭn bichgiĭn darga naryn gazar. p. 377.
Ahmad ibn Arabshah; McChesney, Robert D. (2017). Tamerlane: The Life of the Great Amir. Translated by M. M. Khorramia. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 4. ISBN 978-1784531706.
Gérard Chaliand, Nomadic Empires: From Mongolia to the Danube translated by A. M. Berrett, Transaction Publishers, 2004. translated by A.M. Berrett. Transaction Publishers, p. 75. ISBN 076580204X. Limited preview at Google Books. p. 75., ISBN 076580204X, p. 75., "Timur Leng (Tamerlane) Timur, known as the lame (1336–1405) was a Muslim Turk. He aspired to recreate the empire of his ancestors. He was a military genius who loved to play chess in his spare time to improve his military tactics and skill. And although he wielded absolute power, he never called himself more than an emir.", "Timur Leng (Tamerlane) Timur, known as the lame (1336–1405) was a Muslim Turk from the Umus of Chagatai who saw himself as Genghis Khan's heir."
John Joseph Saunders, The history of the Mongol conquests (p. 174), Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, 1971, ISBN 0812217667.
Woods, John E. (1990). Martin Bernard Dickson; Michel M. Mazzaoui; Vera Basch Moreen (eds.). "Timur's Genealogy". Intellectual Studies on Islam: Essays Written in Honor of Martin B. Dickson. University of Utah Press: 97. ISBN 978-0874803426.
Mackenzie, Franklin (1963). The Ocean and the Steppe: The Life and Times of the Mongol Conqueror Genghis Khan, 1155–1227. Vantage Press. p. 322.
Woods, John E. (1991). The Timurid dynasty. Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies. p. 9.
Haidar, Mansura (2004). Indo-Central Asian Relations: From Early Times to Medieval Period. Manohar. p. 126. ISBN 978-8173045080.
Keene, Henry George (2001) [1878]. The Turks in India. Honolulu, HI: University Press of the Pacific. p. 20. ISBN 978-0898755343.
Manz 1999, pp. 164–165. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
Fischel, Walter J. (1952). Ibn Khaldun and Tamerlane. Berkeley, CA / Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 37.
Sela, Ron (2011). The Legendary Biographies of Tamerlane: Islam and Heroic Apocrypha in Central Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-1139498340.
G. R. Garthwaite, The Persians, Malden, ISBN 978-1557868602, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2007. p.148. Quotation: "Timur's tribe, the Barlas, had Mongol origins but had become Turkic-speaking ... However, the Barlus tribe is considered one of the original Mongol tribes and there are "Barlus Ovogton" people who belong to Barlus tribe in modern Mongolia."
Moin, A. Azfar (2012). The Millennial Sovereign: Sacred Kingship and Sainthood in Islam. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 40–43. ISBN 978-0231504713. OCLC 967261884.
Riasanovsky & Steinberg 2005, p. 93. Riasanovsky, Nicholas Valentine; Steinberg, Mark D. (2005). A History of Russia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515394-1. Archived from the original on 7 September 2024. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
Tradigo, Alfredo (2006). Icons and Saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Getty Publications. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-89236-845-7.
Moscow Church Herald. Moscow Patriarchate. 1989. p. 3.
Wescoat, James L.; Wolschke-Bulmahn, Joachim (1996). Mughal Gardens. Dumbarton Oaks. ISBN 978-0884022350 – via google.ca.
Melville 2020, p. 32. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Timur (2013). The Mulfuzat Timury, Or, Autobiographical Memoirs of the Moghul Emperor Timur: Written in the Jagtay Turky Language. Cambridge University Press. pp. vii–xxxvii. ISBN 978-1108056021.
Melville 2020, p. 56. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Manz 1999, pp. 67–71. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
Melville 2020, pp. 97–100. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Manz 1999, pp. 123–125. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
Melville 2020, p. 109. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Shterenshis, Michael (2002). Tamerlane and the Jews. Psychology Press. pp. 144–189. ISBN 978-0700716968.
Strange, Guy Le (1905). The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate: Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia, from the Moslem Conquest to the Time of Timur. University Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-1107600140. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Morgan, David (2014). Medieval Persia 1040–1797. Routledge. pp. 167–184. ISBN 978-1317871408.
Riasanovsky & Steinberg 2005, p. 94. Riasanovsky, Nicholas Valentine; Steinberg, Mark D. (2005). A History of Russia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515394-1. Archived from the original on 7 September 2024. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
Grousset, René (1970). The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia. Rutgers University Press. p. 444. ISBN 978-0-8135-1304-1.
Singh, Surinder (2023). The Making of Medieval Panjab: Politics, Society and Culture, c.1000–c.1500. Taylor & Francis. pp. 374, 390. ISBN 978-1-032-65440-9.
Pletcher, Kenneth, ed. (2010). The History of India. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 131. ISBN 978-1615301225.
Elliot, Henry Miers (2013). History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period. Cambridge University Press. pp. 489–493. ISBN 978-1108055857.
Sen, Sudipta (2019). Ganga: The Many Pasts of a River. Penguin Random House India. ISBN 978-9353054489 – via Google Books.
Singh, Raj Pal (1988). Rise of the Jat power. Harman Publishing House. ISBN 978-8185151052. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
ʻArabshāh, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Ibn (1976). Tamerlane: Or, Timur, the Great Amir. Progressive Books. p. 168.
Kevin Reilly (2012). The Human Journey: A Concise Introduction to World History. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 164–. ISBN 978-1442213845.
Lodge, Henry Cabot (1913). The History of Nations. P. F. Collier. pp. 51–.
Belozerskaya, Marina (2012). Medusas Gaze: The Extraordinary Journey of the Tazza Farnese. Oxford University Press. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-0199876426.
Vertot (abbé de) (1856). The History of the Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem: Styled Afterwards, the Knights of Rhodes, and at Present, the Knights of Malta. J. W. Leonard & Company. pp. 104–.
Turnbull, Stephen (2007). The Great Wall of China 221 BC–1644 AD. Osprey Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 978-1846030048. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
Tsai 2002, pp. 188–189. Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry (2002). Perpetual Happiness: the Ming Emperor Yongle. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0295981246. OCLC 870409962.
Tsai 2002, p. 161. Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry (2002). Perpetual Happiness: the Ming Emperor Yongle. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0295981246. OCLC 870409962.
Nogueira, Adeilson (28 March 2020). Timur. Clube de Autores. pp. 9–10.
Manz 1999, p. 17. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
Manz 1999, p. 16. Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
Saunders, J. J. (2001). The History of the Mongol Conquests. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 173–. ISBN 978-0812217667.
Cowell, Professor (first name not given). MacMillan's Magazine, vol. XXX (via Google Books). London, England: MacMillan & Company, 1874, p. 252.
Manz 1999, p. 109"In Temür's government, as in those of most nomad dynasties, it is impossible to find a clear distinction between civil and military affairs, or to identify the Persian bureaucracy as solely civil or the Turko-Mongolian solely with military government. In fact, it is difficult to define the sphere of either side of the administration and we find Persians and Chaghatays sharing many tasks. (In discussing the settled bureaucracy and the people who worked within it I use the word Persian in a cultural rather than ethnological sense. In almost all the territories which Temür incorporated into his realm Persian was the primary language of administration and literary culture. Thus the language of the settled 'diwan' was Persian and its scribes had to be thoroughly adept in Persian culture, whatever their ethnic origin.) Temür's Chaghatay emirs were often involved in civil and provincial administration and even in financial affairs, traditionally the province of Persian bureaucracy." Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1999). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521633840.
ad-DīnʿAlī Yazdī, Sharaf (1723). The History of Timur-Bec. Vol. 1. pp. xii–ix. Punctuation and spelling modernized.
Oshanin, Lev Vasil'evich (1964). Anthropological composition of the population of Central Asia: and the ethnogenesis of its peoples. Vol. 2. Peabody Museum. p. 39.
Berna Özcan, Gül (2018). Diverging Paths of Development in Central Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1351739429.
Yah, Lim Chong (2001). Southeast Asia: The Long Road Ahead. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company. p. 3. ISBN 978-9813105843.
Russian Translation Series of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Harvard University. 1964.
Congress, United States. Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the United States Congress. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. A7238.

brillonline.com

referenceworks.brillonline.com

Manz, Beatrice F. (2000). "Tīmūr Lang". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 10 (2nd ed.). Brill. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
Manz, Beatrice F. (24 April 2012). "Tīmūr Lang". In Bearman, P.; Th. Bianquis; C. E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W. P. Heinrichs (eds.). Tīmūr Lang. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. The birthdate commonly ascribed to Tīmūr, 25 S̲h̲aʿbān 736/8 April 1336, is probably an invention from the time of his successor S̲h̲āh Ruk̲h̲ [q.v.], the day chosen for astrological meaning and the year to coincide with the death of the last Il-K̲h̲ān.

britannica.com

"Timur". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
"Timur". Encyclopædia Britannica. 5 September 2023. § Life. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2023. Timur was a member of the Turkicized Barlas tribe, a Mongol subgroup that had settled in Transoxania (now roughly corresponding to Uzbekistan) after taking part in Genghis Khan's son Chagatai's campaigns in that region.
Phillips, Charles (10 December 2023). "Battle of Delhi". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
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"The Rehabilitation of Tamerlane". Chicago Tribune. 17 January 1999. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024.

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Document preserved at Le Musée de l'Histoire de France, code AE III 204. Mentioned Dossier II, 7, J936 Archived 26 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
Mentioned Dossier II, 7 bis.
Mentioned Dossier II, 7 ter.

doi.org

Chann, Naindeep Singh (2009). "Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction: Origins of the Ṣāḥib-Qirān". Iran & the Caucasus. 13 (1): 93–110. doi:10.1163/160984909X12476379007927. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25597394.
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Manz, Beatrice Forbes (2002). "Tamerlane's Career and Its Uses". Journal of World History. 13: 3. doi:10.1353/jwh.2002.0017. S2CID 143436772.
Melville 2020, p. 32. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Melville 2020, p. 56. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Melville 2020, pp. 97–100. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Melville 2020, p. 109. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Milwright, Marcus (2006). "So Despicable a Vessel: Representations of Tamerlane in Printed Books of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries". Muqarnas. 23: 317. doi:10.1163/22118993-90000105.
Knobler, Adam (November 1995). "The Rise of Timur and Western Diplomatic Response, 1390–1405". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Third Series. 5 (3): 341–349. doi:10.1017/s135618630000660x. S2CID 162421202.

eb.com

search.eb.com

"Timur". Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Academic Edition. 2007. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
"Central Asia, history of Timur Archived 31 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine", in Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Edition, 2007. (Quotation: "Under his leadership, Timur united the Mongol tribes located in the basins of the two rivers.")
"Islamic world", in Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Edition, 2007. Quotation: "Timur (Tamerlane) was of Mongol descent and he aimed to restore Mongol power."

ed.gov

files.eric.ed.gov

Foss, Clive (1992). "Genocide in History" (PDF). In Freedman-Apsel, Joyce; Fein, Helen (eds.). Teaching About Genocide: A Guidebook for College and University Teachers: Critical Essays, Syllabi, and Assignments. Ottawa: Human Rights Internet. p. 27. ISBN 189584200X. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.

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ud-Din, Hameed (2011). "Abū Ṭāleb Ḥosaynī". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 18 September 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

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Chann, Naindeep Singh (2009). "Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction: Origins of the Ṣāḥib-Qirān". Iran & the Caucasus. 13 (1): 93–110. doi:10.1163/160984909X12476379007927. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25597394.
Manz, Beatrice Forbes (1988). "Tamerlane and the Symbolism of Sovereignty". Iranian Studies. 21 (1–2): 105–122. doi:10.1080/00210868808701711. ISSN 0021-0862. JSTOR 4310596.

oca.org

"Commemoration of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God and the deliverance of Moscow from the Invasion of Tamerlane". oca.org. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2019.

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Manz, Beatrice Forbes (2002). "Tamerlane's Career and Its Uses". Journal of World History. 13: 3. doi:10.1353/jwh.2002.0017. S2CID 143436772.
Melville 2020, p. 32. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Melville 2020, p. 56. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Melville 2020, pp. 97–100. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Melville 2020, p. 109. Melville, Charles (2020). Melville, Charles (ed.). The Timurid Century: The Idea of Iran, Volume IX. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. doi:10.5040/9781838606169. ISBN 978-1838606152. S2CID 242682831.
Knobler, Adam (November 1995). "The Rise of Timur and Western Diplomatic Response, 1390–1405". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Third Series. 5 (3): 341–349. doi:10.1017/s135618630000660x. S2CID 162421202.

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web.archive.org

"Timur". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
Shahane, Girish (28 December 2016). "Counterview: Taimur's actions were uniquely horrific in Indian history". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
"The Rehabilitation of Tamerlane". Chicago Tribune. 17 January 1999. Archived from the original on 27 July 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
Foss, Clive (1992). "Genocide in History" (PDF). In Freedman-Apsel, Joyce; Fein, Helen (eds.). Teaching About Genocide: A Guidebook for College and University Teachers: Critical Essays, Syllabi, and Assignments. Ottawa: Human Rights Internet. p. 27. ISBN 189584200X. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
"Timur". Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Academic Edition. 2007. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2007.
Manz, Beatrice F. (2000). "Tīmūr Lang". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 10 (2nd ed.). Brill. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
"Central Asia, history of Timur Archived 31 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine", in Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Edition, 2007. (Quotation: "Under his leadership, Timur united the Mongol tribes located in the basins of the two rivers.")
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"Timur". Encyclopædia Britannica. 5 September 2023. § Life. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2023. Timur was a member of the Turkicized Barlas tribe, a Mongol subgroup that had settled in Transoxania (now roughly corresponding to Uzbekistan) after taking part in Genghis Khan's son Chagatai's campaigns in that region.
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Chann, Naindeep Singh (2009). "Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction: Origins of the Ṣāḥib-Qirān". Iran & the Caucasus. 13 (1): 93–110. doi:10.1163/160984909X12476379007927. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25597394.
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