Title IX (English Wikipedia)

"Title IX and Sexual Violence in Schools". American Civil Liberties Union. Archived from the original on May 2, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
"Simpson v. University of Colorado". ACLU.org. Archived from the original on April 14, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
"J.K. v. Arizona Board of Regents". ACLU.org. Archived from the original on April 14, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2013.

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documents.alexanderstreet.com

Fitzgerald, Sara (2013). "Document 4: "'Too Strong for a Woman'--The Five Words that Created Title IX," Spring 1997 | Alexander Street Documents". documents.alexanderstreet.com. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved January 6, 2024.

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amherststudent.amherst.edu

Epifano, Angie (October 17, 2012). "An Account of Sexual Assault at Amherst College". The Amherst Student. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2013.

apnews.com (Global: 129^th place; English: 89^th place)

"US colleges returning to campus sexual assault rules created during Trump's first term". AP News. January 31, 2025. Retrieved April 8, 2025.

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

Frederick J. Frommer. "Group Sues Over Title IX High School Enforcement." Archived January 24, 2013, at archive.today, Associated Press, July 21, 2011.

archives.gov (Global: 446^th place; English: 308^th place)

bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov

"Executive Order on Guaranteeing an Educational Environment Free from Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, Including Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity". The White House. March 8, 2021. Archived from the original on April 13, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
"Executive Order on Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation". The White House. January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
"Executive Order on Guaranteeing an Educational Environment Free from Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, Including Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity". The White House. March 8, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2024.

archives.gov

"The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission". National Archives. August 15, 2016. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.

obamawhitehouse.archives.gov

Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education (April 4, 2011). "Dear Colleague Letter on Sexual Violence" (PDF). White House. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 22, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2025.

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"Cutting Men's Teams and Title IX: Where Does the Money Go?". August 24, 2023.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

"Title IX." Archived June 4, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. November 19, 2009

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Dominic Holden (December 2014). "Department Of Education Issues Guidelines To Protect Transgender Students In Single-Sex Classrooms". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on November 21, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2014.

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"Women in Intercollegiate Sport, a Longitudinal National Study" (PDF). 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 4, 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2010.

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"How a 20-Page Letter Changed the Way Higher Education Handles Sexual Assault". The Chronicle of Higher Education. February 8, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2025.

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McErlain, Eric. "College Sports Council Urges High Schools to Fight Use of Gender Quotas to Comply with Title IX in Athletics." Archived May 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, College Sports Council, February 8, 2011.

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"Title IX has hurt the college sport, but it is now fighting back". 2003. Archived from the original on January 13, 2010.

congress.gov (Global: 730^th place; English: 468^th place)

Miller, George (October 29, 2002). "H.J. Res. 113 – 107th Congress (2001–2002): Recognizing the contributions of Patsy Takemoto Mink". www.congress.gov. Retrieved March 30, 2020.

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"20 U.S. Code § 1681 – Sex". LII / Legal Information Institute. Cornell Law School. Retrieved June 23, 2022.

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"How Bernice Sandler, 'Godmother Of Title IX,' Achieved Landmark Discrimination Ban". Colorado Public Radio. January 10, 2019. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved January 6, 2024.

documentcloud.org (Global: 4,633^rd place; English: 2,753^rd place)

Savage, Charles. "Sessions memo reversing gender identity civil rights policy". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017 – via www.documentcloud.org.

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eds.a.ebscohost.com

Boyce, Rebecca (Fall 2008). "Cheerleading in the Context of Title IX and Gendering in Sport". EBSCO Host. 11.

ed.gov (Global: 576^th place; English: 352^nd place)

www2.ed.gov

Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education (October 26, 2010). "Dear Colleague Letter on Harassment and Bullying" (PDF). U.S. Department of Education. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 21, 2010. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education (May 13, 2016). "Dear Colleague Letter on Transgender Students" (PDF). U.S. Department of Education. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education. "Reading Room: Sex Discrimination Policy". U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
"Federal Register Notice of Interpretation: Enforcement of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 with Respect to Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Light of Bostock v. Clayton County" (PDF). www2.ed.gov. United States Department of Education. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 6, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
"Athletics". www2.ed.gov. March 28, 2023. Archived from the original on January 5, 2024. Retrieved January 5, 2024.
"Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 23, 2022. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
"Department of Education 34 CFR Chapter I Enforcement of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 With Respect to Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Light of Bostock v. Clayton County" (PDF). Federal Register. 86 (117): 32637–32640. June 22, 2021.

ed.gov

"Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance". Federal Register. 71 (206). October 25, 2006. Archived from the original on June 20, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
"U.S. Department of Education Confirms Title IX Protects Students from Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity | U.S. Department of Education". www.ed.gov. June 16, 2021. Archived from the original on April 13, 2022. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
"Title IX and Sex Discrimination". U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved March 10, 2025.
"Secretary DeVos Takes Historic Action to Strengthen Title IX Protections for All Students | U.S. Department of Education". www.ed.gov. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
"U.S. Department of Education Confirms Title IX Protects Students from Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity | U.S. Department of Education". www.ed.gov. June 16, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
"Additional Clarification of Intercollegiate Athletics Policy: Three-Part Test – Part Three". U.S. Department of Education. Archived from the original on October 18, 2009. Retrieved October 13, 2009.

edc.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

www2.edc.org

Valentin, Iram. "Title IX: A Brief History." Archived September 21, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Women's Equity Resource Center. August 1997.

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Ujifusa, Andrew. "How Have Obama's K-12 Policies Fared Under Trump?". Education Week. Retrieved June 20, 2018.

espn.com (Global: 56^th place; English: 42^nd place)

Lavine, Paula; Noren, Nicole (August 20, 2014). "Athletes, assaults and Title IX inaction". ESPN.com. Retrieved April 9, 2025.

espnmediazone.com (Global: 5,714^th place; English: 3,071^st place)

Margolis, Rachel (June 18, 2012). "espnW To Unveil Historic Title IX Mosaic in Washington June 21". Espnmediazone.com. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
"ESPN Networks Offer Extensive Lineup of Women in Sports Programming on Title IX Anniversary Weekend – ESPN MediaZone". ESPNMediaZone.com. June 2012. Archived from the original on November 8, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.

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feminismandthelaw.files.wordpress.com

See the quotes by Price in Nicole Allan, "To Break the Silence or Be Broken by It: A Genealogy of Women Who Have Refused to Shut Up About Harassment at Yale Archived June 3, 2020, at the Wayback Machine," excerpted from her 2009 Yale senior thesis, and Nicole Allan, "Confusion and Silence," Yale Alumni Magazine, July/August 2011.

gao.gov (Global: 2,954^th place; English: 1,848^th place)

"Intercollegiate Athletics: Four-Year Colleges' Experiences Adding and Discontinuing Teams" (PDF). Government Accountability Office. GAO-01-297. March 8, 2001. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved August 3, 2021.
GAO. "Intercollegiate Athletics: Recent Trends in Teams and Participants in National Collegiate Athletic Association Sports." Archived September 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Government Accountability Office, 2007.

go.com (Global: 48^th place; English: 39^th place)

abcnews.go.com

Frederick J. Frommer. "Group Sues Over Title IX High School Enforcement." Archived January 24, 2013, at archive.today, Associated Press, July 21, 2011.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

news.harvard.edu

Powell, Alvin (June 23, 2022). "How Title IX transformed colleges, universities over past 50 years". Harvard Gazette. Retrieved March 11, 2025.

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the.honoluluadvertiser.com

"Bush signs resolution honoring Patsy Mink". Honolulu Advertiser. October 31, 2002. Archived from the original on October 18, 2013. Retrieved May 20, 2013.

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 109^th place; English: 87^th place)

John Christofferson (April 1, 2011). "Yale Under Federal Investigation For 'Sexually Hostile Environment'". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on August 25, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
Tyler Kingkade (March 21, 2013). "College Sexual Assault Survivors Form Underground Network To Reform Campus Policies". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on May 8, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2013.

huffpost.com (Global: 378^th place; English: 251^st place)

Klein, Rebecca (January 31, 2020). "Education Department Whistleblower Forced Out After Exposing Push Against Trans Athletes". HuffPost. Retrieved February 1, 2020.
Mosbergen, Dominique (December 10, 2020). "Tulsi Gabbard Introduces Anti-Transgender Bill After Claiming To Be LGBTQ-Friendly". HuffPost. Retrieved December 11, 2020.

indiatimes.com (Global: 17^th place; English: 15^th place)

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"Pride Month 2025: Donald Trump says June will be celebrated as Title IX month – here's what it means". The Economic Times. June 4, 2025. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved June 4, 2025.

indystar.com (Global: 1,646^th place; English: 896^th place)

Hunsinger Benbow, Dana (March 14, 2019). "Sen. Birch Bayh, in tears: 'I had no idea that Title IX would have this kind of impact'". IndyStar. Retrieved June 20, 2022.

insidehighered.com (Global: 4,161^st place; English: 2,305^th place)

Anderson, Greta (May 7, 2020). "U.S. Publishes New Regulations on Campus Sexual Assault". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved July 3, 2021.

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Cruikshank, Kate. The Art of Leadership; A Companion to an Exhibition from the Senatorial Papers of Birch Bayh Archived December 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. (Indiana University Libraries, 2007), p. 43.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Melnick, R. Shep (2018). "ONE Rights Regulation". The Transformation of Title IX: Regulating Gender Equality in Education. Brookings Institution Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-8157-3222-8. JSTOR 10.7864/j.ctt1vw0rgc. In 1972, 58 percent of college students were male and 42 percent female. By 2010 those numbers had flipped: 57 percent of college students were women, and that number keeps creeping up.
Melnick, R. Shep (2018). "SIX Regulation in Fits and Starts, 1972–95". The Transformation of Title IX: Regulating Gender Equality in Education. Brookings Institution Press. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-8157-3222-8. JSTOR 10.7864/j.ctt1vw0rgc. While HEW was working on its regulation, the NCAA and other football boosters came close to passing an amendment sponsored by Senator John Tower (R-Tex.) that would exempt 'revenue-generating' sports from Title IX regulation. That legislative strategy ultimately backfired. When the conference committee met to consider the education legislation to which Tower had attached his amendment, it substituted an amendment sponsored by Senator Jacob Javits (R-N.Y.) specifying that HEW's Title IX regulations 'shall include with respect to intercollegiate athletic activities reasonable provisions considering the nature of particular sports.'

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Alexander v. Yale, 631 F.2d 178 (2d Cir. 1980).

justice.gov (Global: 918^th place; English: 556^th place)

"Title IX: Legislative History". Civil Rights Division. U.S. Department of Justice. August 6, 2015. Archived from the original on November 15, 2022. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
"Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972". The United States Department of Justice. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
"Civil Rights Division | Title IX". www.justice.gov. August 6, 2015. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
"Office of Public Affairs | U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of Justice Announce Title IX Special Investigations Team | United States Department of Justice". www.justice.gov. April 4, 2025. Retrieved April 8, 2025.

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"In latest trans sports salvo, Trump administration creates Title IX investigation team". NBC News. April 4, 2025. Retrieved April 8, 2025.

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"News Title IX documentary debuts June 23". NCAA. June 11, 2012. Archived from the original on June 13, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2012.

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"Title IX Frequently Asked Questions". NCAA.org. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
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"OCR rescinds 2005 Title IX clarification". National Collegiate Athletic Association. Archived from the original on April 16, 2011. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
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"A Report of the National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education" (PDF). Title IX at 35. 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 16, 2008. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
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"Legislative History of Title IX" Archived June 24, 2010, at the Wayback Machine National Organization for Women. June 27, 2007.

npr.org (Global: 92^nd place; English: 72^nd place)

Smith, Tovia (April 19, 2024). "Biden administration adds Title IX protections for LGBTQ students, assault victims". NPR. Retrieved April 8, 2025.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Savage, Charlie (October 5, 2017). "In Shift, Justice Dept. Says Law Doesn't Bar Transgender Discrimination". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
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Perez-Pena, Richard (March 19, 2013). "College Groups Connect to Fight Sexual Assault". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 24, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
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Irving, John (January 28, 2003). "Wrestling With Title IX". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 11, 2016.

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Sim, Bernado (June 2, 2025). "Trump declares June is now Title IX Month—not Pride Month". Out. Retrieved June 4, 2025.

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Michael W. Lynch (April 2002). "Title IX's Pyrrhic Victory". Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2015.

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"Smith professor speaks on Title IX". The Smith College Sophian. 2008. Archived from the original on December 7, 2008.

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"Sporting Chance – The Lasting Legacy of Title IX". www.SportingChanceTitleIX.com. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.

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Shelton, Donald E. (2001). "Equally Bad is Not Good: Allowing Title IX "Compliance" by the Elimination of Men's Collegiate Sports". University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform. 34 (1). SSRN 1163230.

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https://www.stamfordadvocate.com/sports/article/Connecticut-transgender-policy-found-to-violate-15300275.php^{[permanent dead link]}

theatlantic.com (Global: 228^th place; English: 158^th place)

Yoffe, Emily (September 6, 2017). "The Uncomfortable Truth About Campus Rape Policy". The Atlantic. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
Yoffe, Emily (September 8, 2017). "The Bad Science Behind Campus Response to Sexual Assault". The Atlantic. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
Yoffe, Emily (September 11, 2017). "The Question of Race in Campus Sexual-Assault Cases". The Atlantic. Retrieved November 27, 2021.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

"Policy allowing transgender athletes to compete as girls found to violate US law". The Guardian. Associated Press. May 28, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
David Smith; Molly Redden (February 23, 2017). "Trump administration rescinds Obama-era protections for transgender students". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 22, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
"Biden's Title IX expansion protecting LGBTQ+ students struck down". The Guardian. Associated Press. January 9, 2024. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
Dunbar, Marina (February 5, 2025). "Trump signs executive order banning trans athletes from women's sports". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved April 8, 2025.

thehill.com (Global: 476^th place; English: 282^nd place)

Cochran, Lexi (January 31, 2025). "Department of Education undoes Biden's Title IX rules on gender". The Hill. Retrieved April 8, 2025.

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thenewjournalatyale.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ann Olivarius, "Title IX: Taking Yale to Court," 2011, published in The New Journal Vol. 42, No. 55 (2020).

titleix.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

"TitleIX.info". The MARGARET Fund of NWLC. Archived from the original on June 21, 2009. Retrieved October 13, 2009.

topictics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Explaining Quid Pro Quo Harassment Under Title IX". October 12, 2023. Retrieved October 14, 2023.

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bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu

"Landmark Title IX Cases in History" Archived September 14, 2011, at Wikiwix Gender Equity in Sport. February 23, 2006.

usatoday.com (Global: 41^st place; English: 34^th place)

"Bucknell to drop wrestling for Title IX compliance". 2001. ^{[dead link]}
Brady, Erik (April 2, 2010). "Commission: Title IX interpretation unnecessarily hurts men's sports". USA Today. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012.
Axon, Rachel. "What happens if a school doesn't comply with Title IX? Not a whole lot". USA TODAY. Retrieved April 9, 2025.
"Title IX: Falling short at 50". USA Today. Retrieved April 9, 2025.
Jacoby, Kenny. "Despite men's rights claims, colleges expel few sexual misconduct offenders while survivors suffer". USA TODAY. Retrieved April 9, 2025.

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"Title IX Athletics: Accommodating Interests and Abilities" (PDF). U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 14, 2010. Retrieved February 1, 2010.

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"Adams v. The School Board of St. Johns County, Florida" (PDF). United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. August 7, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2020.

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Cheslock, John. "Who's Playing College Sports." Archived July 2, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Women's Sports Foundation, 2007.

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Bagenstos, Samuel (October 2015). "What Went Wrong With Title IX?". Washington Monthly. September/October 2015. Retrieved April 27, 2019.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

Balingit, Moriah (February 12, 2018). "Education Department no longer investigating transgender bathroom complaints". Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved April 27, 2018 – via www.washingtonpost.com.
Groer, Annie (June 23, 2012). "As Title IX turns 40, women pay homage". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 24, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Title IX: Legislative History". Civil Rights Division. U.S. Department of Justice. August 6, 2015. Archived from the original on November 15, 2022. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
"The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission". National Archives. August 15, 2016. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education (October 26, 2010). "Dear Colleague Letter on Harassment and Bullying" (PDF). U.S. Department of Education. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 21, 2010. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education (May 13, 2016). "Dear Colleague Letter on Transgender Students" (PDF). U.S. Department of Education. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
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