Tobacco smoking (English Wikipedia)

Proctor, Robert N. (1996). "Nazi Medicine and Public Health Policy". Dimensions. 10 (2). Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2018 – via archived copy at archive.is.

alislam.org

"Why is smoking not strictly forbidden in Islam?". Archived from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2014.

archive-it.org

wayback.archive-it.org

MPOWER 2008, pp. 267–288 World Health Organization (2008). WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008: the MPOWER package (PDF). World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-159628-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2008.
WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008

archive.org

Lloyd, John; Mitchinson, John (25 July 2008). The Book of General Ignorance. Harmony Books. ISBN 978-0-307-39491-0.
Balls, Edward K. (1 October 1962). Early Uses of California Plants. University of California Press. pp. 81–85. ISBN 978-0-520-00072-8. Retrieved 22 March 2009. Early Uses of California Plants.
Kulikoff, Allan (1 August 1986). Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-4224-9. Retrieved 22 March 2009. Tobacco & Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake.
Gay, Peter (1988). Freud: A Life for Our Time. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 650–651. ISBN 978-0-393-32861-5.
Smith, Peter (2000). "smoking". A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp. 323. ISBN 978-1-85168-184-6.

archive.today

Proctor, Robert N. (1996). "Nazi Medicine and Public Health Policy". Dimensions. 10 (2). Anti-Defamation League. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2018 – via archived copy at archive.is.

ash.org

"ASH > Action on Smoking & Health". www.ash.org. 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.

bbc.com

"Smoking causes one in 10 deaths worldwide, study shows". BBC News. 6 April 2017. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.

biomedcentral.com

harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com

Rodu, B; Plurphanswat, N (January 2021). "Mortality among male cigar and cigarette smokers in the USA" (PDF). Harm Reduction Journal. 18 (7). BioMed Central: 7. doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00446-4. ISSN 1477-7517. LCCN 2004243422. PMC 7789747. PMID 33413424. S2CID 230800394. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.

bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com

Chang, Cindy M.; Corey, Catherine G.; Rostron, Brian L.; Apelberg, Benjamin J. (April 2015). "Systematic review of cigar smoking and all-cause and smoking-related mortality" (PDF). BMC Public Health. 15 (390). BioMed Central: 390. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1617-5. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 4408600. PMID 25907101. S2CID 16482278. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.

environhealthprevmed.biomedcentral.com

Qasim, Hanan; Alarabi, A. B.; Alzoubi, K. H.; Karim, Z. A.; Alshbool, F. Z.; Khasawneh, F. T. (September 2019). "The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system" (PDF). Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 24 (58). BioMed Central: 58. Bibcode:2019EHPM...24...58Q. doi:10.1186/s12199-019-0811-y. ISSN 1347-4715. PMC 6745078. PMID 31521105. S2CID 202570973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.

bmj.com

Nigel Hawkes (2019), Works by eminent psychologist who doubted smoking caused cancer are "unsafe," finds inquiry Archived 4 January 2023 at the Wayback Machine

books.google.com

Gately, Iain (2004) [2003]. Tobacco: A Cultural History of How an Exotic Plant Seduced Civilization. Diane. pp. 3–7. ISBN 978-0-8021-3960-3. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Gilman & Xun 2004, p. 318 Gilman, Sander L.; Xun, Zhou (15 August 2004). Smoke: A Global History of Smoking. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-200-3. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Gilman & Xun 2004, pp. 320–321 Gilman, Sander L.; Xun, Zhou (15 August 2004). Smoke: A Global History of Smoking. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-200-3. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Proctor 2000, p. 228 Proctor, Robert N. (15 November 2000). The Nazi War on Cancer. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-07051-3. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Wilbert, Johannes (28 July 1993). Tobacco and Shamanism in South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-05790-4. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Heckewelder, John Gottlieb Ernestus; Reichel, William Cornelius (June 1971) [1876]. History, manners, and customs of the Indian nations who once inhabited Pennsylvania and the neighboring states (PDF). The Historical society of Pennsylvania. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-405-02853-3. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Gottsegen, Jack Jacob (1940). "Tobacco: A Study of Its Consumption in the United States". Pitman Publishing Company: 107. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2009> {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Gilman & Xun 2004, p. 38 Gilman, Sander L.; Xun, Zhou (15 August 2004). Smoke: A Global History of Smoking. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-200-3. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Gilman & Xun 2004, pp. 92–99 Gilman, Sander L.; Xun, Zhou (15 August 2004). Smoke: A Global History of Smoking. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-200-3. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Gilman & Xun 2004, pp. 15–16 Gilman, Sander L.; Xun, Zhou (15 August 2004). Smoke: A Global History of Smoking. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-200-3. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Burns, Eric (28 September 2006). The Smoke of the Gods: A Social History of Tobacco. Temple University Press. pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-1-59213-480-9. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Proctor 2000, p. 178 Proctor, Robert N. (15 November 2000). The Nazi War on Cancer. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-07051-3. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Proctor 2000, p. 219 Proctor, Robert N. (15 November 2000). The Nazi War on Cancer. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-07051-3. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Proctor 2000, p. 187 Proctor, Robert N. (15 November 2000). The Nazi War on Cancer. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-07051-3. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Proctor 2000, p. 245 Proctor, Robert N. (15 November 2000). The Nazi War on Cancer. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-07051-3. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Hilton, Matthew (4 May 2000). Smoking in British Popular Culture, 1800–2000: Perfect Pleasures. Manchester University Press. pp. 229–241. ISBN 978-0-7190-5257-6. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Gilman & Xun 2004, pp. 46–57 Gilman, Sander L.; Xun, Zhou (15 August 2004). Smoke: A Global History of Smoking. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-200-3. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Harris, Judith Rich; Pinker, Steven (4 September 1998). The nurture assumption: why children turn out the way they do. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-84409-1. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2009.

cato.org

"Snuff the Facts". Archived from the original on 20 December 2006.

cdc.gov

VJ Rock, MPH, A Malarcher, JW Kahende, K Asman, MSPH, C Husten, MD, R Caraballo (9 November 2007). "Cigarette Smoking Among Adults --- United States, 2006". United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2009. In 2006, an estimated 20.8% (45.3 million) of U.S. adults[...]{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
"Surgeon General's Report—Women and Smoking". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. p. 47. Archived from the original on 10 July 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2009.
"Bidi Use Among Urban Youth – Massachusetts, March–April 1999". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 17 September 1999. Archived from the original on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
Mariolis P, Rock VJ, Asman K, et al. (2006). "Tobacco use among adults—United States, 2005". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 55 (42): 1145–8. PMID 17065979. Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2009). "Cigarette smoking among adults and trends in smoking cessation – United States, 2008" (Full free text). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 58 (44): 1227–1232. PMID 19910909. Archived from the original on 16 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
"Nicotine: A Powerful Addiction Archived 1 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
"Cigarette Smoking Among Adults --- United States, 2006". Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
"Costs and Expenditures". Smoking and Tobacco. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web. 20 January 2013. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/ Archived 25 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
"Reducing Tobacco Use". Archived from the original on 21 February 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.

cnn.com

"CNN Interactive". Cnn.com. Archived from the original on 23 April 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2009.

dcp-3.org

"Global Effects of Smoking, of Quitting, and of Taxing Tobacco" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2018.

doi.org

Parrott, A. C.; Winder, G. (1989). "Nicotine chewing gum (2 mg, 4 mg) and cigarette smoking: comparative effects upon vigilance and heart rate". Psychopharmacology. 97 (2): 257–261. doi:10.1007/BF00442260. PMID 2498936. S2CID 4842374.
Parkin, C.; Fairweather, D. B.; Shamsi, Z.; Stanley, N.; Hindmarch, I. (1998). "The effects of cigarette smoking on overnight performance". Psychopharmacology. 136 (2): 172–178. doi:10.1007/s002130050553. PMID 9551774. S2CID 22962937.
Benowitz, Neal L. (1 February 2009). "Pharmacology of Nicotine: Addiction, Smoking-Induced Disease, and Therapeutics". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 49 (1): 57–71. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094742. ISSN 0362-1642. PMC 2946180. PMID 18834313.
Doll, R.; Hill, B. (June 2004). "The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits: a preliminary report: (Reprinted from Br Med J 1954:ii;1451-5)". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 328 (7455): 1529–1533, discussion 1533. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7455.1529. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 437141. PMID 15217868.
Giovino, GA; Mirza, SA; Samet, JM; Gupta, PC; Jarvis, MJ; Bhala, N; Peto, R; Zatonski, W; Hsia, J; Morton, J; Palipudi, KM; Asma, S; GATS Collaborative, Group (18 August 2012). "Tobacco use in 3 billion individuals from 16 countries: an analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional household surveys". Lancet. 380 (9842): 668–79. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61085-X. PMID 22901888. S2CID 12450625.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Chandrupatla, Siddardha G.; Tavares, Mary; Natto, Zuhair S. (27 July 2017). "Tobacco Use and Effects of Professional Advice on Smoking Cessation among Youth in India". Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 18 (7): 1861–1867. doi:10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.7.1861. ISSN 2476-762X. PMC 5648391. PMID 28749122.
The Lancet (26 September 2009). "Tobacco smoking:why start?". The Lancet. 374 (9695): 1038. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61680-9. PMID 19782852. S2CID 37513171.
F.J.Carod-Artal (1 July 2011). "Hallucinogenic drugs in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures". Neurología. 30 (1): 42–49. doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.07.010. PMID 21893367.
Nordenskiold, Erland (1929), "The American Indian as an Inventor", Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 59: 277, doi:10.2307/2843888, JSTOR 2843888
Doll, R.; Hill, A. B. (1 September 1950). "Smoking and Carcinoma of the Lung". British Medical Journal. 2 (4682): 739–748. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4682.739. ISSN 0007-1447. PMC 2038856. PMID 14772469.
Pakhale, S. M.; Maru, G. B. (December 1998). "Distribution of major and minor alkaloids in tobacco, mainstream and sidestream smoke of popular Indian smoking products". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 36 (12): 1131–1138. doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(98)00071-4. ISSN 0278-6915. PMID 9862656.
Rarick CA (2 April 2008). "Note on the premium cigar industry". doi:10.2139/ssrn.1127582. S2CID 152340055. SSRN 1127582. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Turner, JA; Sillett, RW; McNicol, MW (1977). "Effect of cigar smoking on carboxyhemoglobin and plasma nicotine concentrations in primary pipe and cigar smokers and ex-cigarette smokers". British Medical Journal. 2 (6099): 1387–9. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6099.1387. PMC 1632361. PMID 589225.
Armitage, A. K.; Turner, D. M. (1970). "Absorption of Nicotine in Cigarette and Cigar Smoke through the Oral Mucosa". Nature. 226 (5252): 1231–1232. Bibcode:1970Natur.226.1231A. doi:10.1038/2261231a0. PMID 5422597. S2CID 4208650.
Pich, E. M.; Pagliusi, S. R.; Tessari, M.; Talabot-Ayer, D.; Hooft Van Huijsduijnen, R.; Chiamulera, C. (1997). "Common neural substrates for the addictive properties of nicotine and cocaine". Science. 275 (5296): 83–86. doi:10.1126/science.275.5296.83. PMID 8974398. S2CID 5923174.
Wonnacott, S. (1997). "Presynaptic nicotinic ACh receptors". Trends in Neurosciences. 20 (2): 92–8. doi:10.1016/S0166-2236(96)10073-4. PMID 9023878. S2CID 42215860.
Pontieri, F. E.; Tanda, G.; Orzi, F.; Di Chiara, G. D. (1996). "Effects of nicotine on the nucleus accumbens and similarity to those of addictive drugs". Nature. 382 (6588): 255–257. Bibcode:1996Natur.382..255P. doi:10.1038/382255a0. PMID 8717040. S2CID 4338516.
Guinan, M. E.; Portas, M. R.; Hill, H. R. (1979). "The candida precipitin test in an immunosuppressed population". Cancer. 43 (1): 299–302. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197901)43:1<299::AID-CNCR2820430143>3.0.CO;2-D. PMID 761168. S2CID 45096870.
Talhout, R.; Opperhuizen, A.; Van Amsterdam, J. G. C. (October 2007). "Role of acetaldehyde in tobacco smoke addiction". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 17 (10): 627–636. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.02.013. ISSN 0924-977X. PMID 17382522. S2CID 25866206.
Shoaib, M.; Lowe, A.; Williams, S. (2004). "Imaging localised dynamic changes in the nucleus accumbens following nicotine withdrawal in rats". NeuroImage. 22 (2): 847–854. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.026. PMID 15193614. S2CID 43544025.
Patton G. C.; Hibbert M.; Rosier M. J.; Carlin J. B.; Caust J.; Bowes G. (1996). "Is smoking associated with depression and anxiety in teenagers?". American Journal of Public Health. 86 (2): 225–230. doi:10.2105/ajph.86.2.225. PMC 1380332. PMID 8633740.
Stanton, W.; Silva, P. A. (1992). "A longitudinal study of the influence of parents and friends on children's initiation of smoking". Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 13 (4): 423–434. doi:10.1016/0193-3973(92)90010-F.
Chassin, L.; Presson, C.; Rose, J.; Sherman, S. J.; Prost, J. (2002). "Parental Smoking Cessation and Adolescent Smoking". Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 27 (6): 485–496. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/27.6.485. PMID 12177249.
Proescholdbell, R. J.; Chassin, L.; MacKinnon, D. P. (2000). "Home smoking restrictions and adolescent smoking". Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2 (2): 159–167. doi:10.1080/713688125. PMID 11072454. S2CID 8749779.
Urberg, K.; Shyu, S. J.; Liang, J. (1990). "Peer influence in adolescent cigarette smoking". Addictive Behaviors. 15 (3): 247–255. doi:10.1016/0306-4603(90)90067-8. PMID 2378284.
Michell L, West P (1996). "Peer pressure to smoke: the meaning depends on the method". Health Education Research. 11 (1): 39–49. doi:10.1093/her/11.1.39.
Barber, J.; Bolitho, F.; Bertrand, L. (1999). "The Predictors of Adolescent Smoking". Journal of Social Service Research. 26 (1): 51–66. doi:10.1300/J079v26n01_03.
Pelosi, Anthony J. (2019). "Personality and fatal diseases: Revisiting a scientific scandal". Journal of Health Psychology. 24 (4): 421–439. doi:10.1177/1359105318822045. ISSN 1359-1053. PMC 6712909. PMID 30791726.
Berlin, I.; Singleton, E. G.; Pedarriosse, A. M.; Lancrenon, S.; Rames, A.; Aubin, H. J.; Niaura, R. (2003). "The Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale: factorial structure, gender effects and relationship with nicotine dependence and smoking cessation in French smokers". Addiction. 98 (11): 1575–1583. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00523.x. PMID 14616184.
Chandra, S.; Chaloupka, F. J. (2003). "Seasonality in cigarette sales: patterns and implications for tobacco control". Tobacco Control. 12 (1): 105–107. doi:10.1136/tc.12.1.105. PMC 1759100. PMID 12612375.
Chandra, S.; Shiffman, S.; Scharf, M.; Dang, Q.; Shadel, G. (February 2007). "Daily smoking patterns, their determinants, and implications for quitting". Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 15 (1): 67–80. doi:10.1037/1064-1297.15.1.67. ISSN 1064-1297. PMID 17295586.
Kalkhoran, S; Benowitz, NL; Rigotti, AN (August 2018). "Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Use: JACC Health Promotion Series". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 72 (9). Elsevier for the American College of Cardiology: 1030–45. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.036. ISSN 1558-3597. PMC 6261256. PMID 30139432. S2CID 52077567. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
Rodu, B; Plurphanswat, N (January 2021). "Mortality among male cigar and cigarette smokers in the USA" (PDF). Harm Reduction Journal. 18 (7). BioMed Central: 7. doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00446-4. ISSN 1477-7517. LCCN 2004243422. PMC 7789747. PMID 33413424. S2CID 230800394. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
Nonnemaker, J; Rostron, B; Hall, P; MacMonegle, A; Apelberg, B (September 2014). Morabia, A (ed.). "Mortality and Economic Costs From Regular Cigar Use in the United States, 2010". American Journal of Public Health. 104 (9). American Public Health Association: e86–e91. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301991. eISSN 1541-0048. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 4151956. PMID 25033140. S2CID 207276270.
Shah, RS; Cole, JW (July 2010). "Smoking and stroke: the more you smoke the more you stroke". Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 8 (7). Informa: 917–932. doi:10.1586/erc.10.56. ISSN 1744-8344. PMC 2928253. PMID 20602553. S2CID 207215548.
Laniado-Laborín, Rafael (January 2009). "Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Parallel Epidemics of the 21st Century". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 6 (1: Smoking and Tobacco Control). MDPI: 209–224. doi:10.3390/ijerph6010209. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 2672326. PMID 19440278. S2CID 19615031.
Oh, CK; Murray, LA; Molfino, NL (February 2012). "Smoking and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis". Pulmonary Medicine. 2012. Hindawi Publishing Corporation: 808260. doi:10.1155/2012/808260. ISSN 2090-1844. PMC 3289849. PMID 22448328. S2CID 14090263.
Thun, Michael J.; Jacobs, Eric J.; Shapiro, Jean A. (February 2000). Ganz, Patricia A. (ed.). "Cigar Smoking in Men and Risk of Death From Tobacco-Related Cancers". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 92 (4). Oxford University Press: 333–337. doi:10.1093/jnci/92.4.333. eISSN 1460-2105. ISSN 0027-8874. PMID 10675383. S2CID 7772405. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
Anjum F, Zohaib J (4 December 2020). "Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma". Definitions (Updated ed.). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. doi:10.32388/G6TG1L. PMID 33085415. S2CID 229252540. Bookshelf ID: NBK563268. Archived from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021 – via NCBI.
Rom O, Kaisari S, Aizenbud D, Reznick AZ (2013). "Cigarette smoke and muscle catabolism in C2 myotubes". Mech Ageing Dev. 134 (1–2): 24–34. doi:10.1016/j.mad.2012.11.004. PMID 23262287. S2CID 322153.
Etemadi, Arash; Blount, Benjamin C.; Calafat, Antonia M.; Chang, Cindy M.; De Jesus, Victor R.; Poustchi, Hossein; Wang, Lanqing; Pourshams, Akram; Shakeri, Ramin; Shiels, Meredith S.; Inoue-Choi, Maki; Ambrose, Bridget K.; Christensen, Carol H.; Wang, Baoguang; Ye, Xiaoyun; Murphy, Gwen; Feng, Jun; Xia, Baoyun; Sosnoff, Connie S.; Boffetta, Paolo; Brennan, Paul; Bhandari, Deepak; Kamangar, Farin; Dawsey, Sanford M.; Abnet, Christian C.; Freedman, Neal D.; Malekzadeh, Reza (February 2019). "Urinary Biomarkers of Carcinogenic Exposure among Cigarette, Waterpipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Users and Never Users of Tobacco in the Golestan Cohort Study". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 28 (2). American Association for Cancer Research: 337–347. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0743. eISSN 1538-7755. ISSN 1055-9965. PMC 6935158. PMID 30622099. S2CID 58560832.
Chang, Cindy M.; Corey, Catherine G.; Rostron, Brian L.; Apelberg, Benjamin J. (April 2015). "Systematic review of cigar smoking and all-cause and smoking-related mortality" (PDF). BMC Public Health. 15 (390). BioMed Central: 390. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1617-5. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 4408600. PMID 25907101. S2CID 16482278. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
Albandar, Jasim M.; Adensaya, Margo R.; Streckfus, Charles F.; Winn, Deborah M. (December 2000). "Cigar, Pipe, and Cigarette Smoking as Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss". Journal of Periodontology. 71 (12). American Academy of Periodontology: 1874–1881. doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.12.1874. ISSN 0022-3492. PMID 11156044. S2CID 11598500.
Kastan MB (2008). "DNA damage responses: mechanisms and roles in human disease: 2007 G.H.A. Clowes Memorial Award Lecture". Mol. Cancer Res. 6 (4): 517–24. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0020. PMID 18403632.
Cunningham FH, Fiebelkorn S, Johnson M, Meredith C (2011). "A novel application of the Margin of Exposure approach: segregation of tobacco smoke toxicants". Food Chem. Toxicol. 49 (11): 2921–33. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.019. PMID 21802474.
Liu XY, Zhu MX, Xie JP (2010). "Mutagenicity of acrolein and acrolein-induced DNA adducts". Toxicol. Mech. Methods. 20 (1): 36–44. doi:10.3109/15376510903530845. PMID 20158384. S2CID 8812192.
Speit G, Merk O (2002). "Evaluation of mutagenic effects of formaldehyde in vitro: detection of crosslinks and mutations in mouse lymphoma cells". Mutagenesis. 17 (3): 183–7. doi:10.1093/mutage/17.3.183. PMID 11971987.
Pu X, Kamendulis LM, Klaunig JE (2009). "Acrylonitrile-induced oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage in male Sprague-Dawley rats". Toxicol. Sci. 111 (1): 64–71. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfp133. PMC 2726299. PMID 19546159.
Koturbash I, Scherhag A, Sorrentino J, Sexton K, Bodnar W, Swenberg JA, Beland FA, Pardo-Manuel Devillena F, Rusyn I, Pogribny IP (2011). "Epigenetic mechanisms of mouse interstrain variability in genotoxicity of the environmental toxicant 1,3-butadiene". Toxicol. Sci. 122 (2): 448–56. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfr133. PMC 3155089. PMID 21602187.
Garcia CC, Angeli JP, Freitas FP, Gomes OF, de Oliveira TF, Loureiro AP, Di Mascio P, Medeiros MH (2011). "[13C2]-Acetaldehyde promotes unequivocal formation of 1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine in human cells". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 (24): 9140–3. doi:10.1021/ja2004686. PMID 21604744. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
Tompkins EM, McLuckie KI, Jones DJ, Farmer PB, Brown K (2009). "Mutagenicity of DNA adducts derived from ethylene oxide exposure in the pSP189 shuttle vector replicated in human Ad293 cells". Mutat. Res. 678 (2): 129–37. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.05.011. PMID 19477295.
Fabiani R, Rosignoli P, De Bartolomeo A, Fuccelli R, Morozzi G (2007). "DNA-damaging ability of isoprene and isoprene mono-epoxide (EPOX I) in human cells evaluated with the comet assay". Mutat. Res. 629 (1): 7–13. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.12.007. PMID 17317274.
Alarabi, A. B.; Karim, Z. A.; Alshbool, F. Z.; Khasawneh, F. T.; Hernandez, Keziah R.; Lozano, Patricia A.; Montes Ramirez, Jean E.; Rivera, José O. (February 2020). "Short-Term Exposure to Waterpipe/Hookah Smoke Triggers a Hyperactive Platelet Activation State and Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 40 (2). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 335–349. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.313435. ISSN 1079-5642. PMC 7000176. PMID 31941383. S2CID 210335103.
Patel, Mit P.; Khangoora, Vikramjit S.; Marik, Paul E. (October 2019). "A Review of the Pulmonary and Health Impacts of Hookah Use". Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 16 (10). American Thoracic Society: 1215–1219. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201902-129CME. ISSN 2325-6621. PMID 31091965. S2CID 155103502.
Qasim, Hanan; Alarabi, A. B.; Alzoubi, K. H.; Karim, Z. A.; Alshbool, F. Z.; Khasawneh, F. T. (September 2019). "The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system" (PDF). Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 24 (58). BioMed Central: 58. Bibcode:2019EHPM...24...58Q. doi:10.1186/s12199-019-0811-y. ISSN 1347-4715. PMC 6745078. PMID 31521105. S2CID 202570973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
Farag, Mohamed A.; Elmassry, Moamen M.; El-Ahmady, Sherweit H. (19 November 2018). "The characterization of flavored hookahs aroma profile and in response to heating as analyzed via headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and chemometrics". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 17028. Bibcode:2018NatSR...817028F. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35368-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6242864. PMID 30451904.
Barendregt J. J., Bonneux L., van der Maas P. J. (1997). "The health care costs of smoking" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. 337 (15): 1052–1057. doi:10.1056/NEJM199710093371506. hdl:1765/59780. PMID 9321534. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Peto Richard; Darby Sarah; Deo Harz; et al. (2000). "Smoking, smoking cessation, and lung cancer in the UK since 1950: combination of national statistics with two case-control studies". The BMJ. 321 (7257): 323–329. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7257.323. PMC 27446. PMID 10926586.
Yoshida, Kenichi; Gowers, Kate H. C.; Lee-Six, Henry; Chandrasekharan, Deepak P.; Coorens, Tim; Maughan, Elizabeth F.; Beal, Kathryn; Menzies, Andrew; Millar, Fraser R.; Anderson, Elizabeth; Clarke, Sarah E.; Pennycuick, Adam; Thakrar, Ricky M.; Butler, Colin R.; Kakiuchi, Nobuyuki; Hirano, Tomonori; Hynds, Robert E.; Stratton, Michael R.; Martincorena, Iñigo; Janes, Sam M.; Campbell, Peter J. (2020). "Tobacco smoking and somatic mutations in human bronchial epithelium". Nature. 578 (7794): 266–272. Bibcode:2020Natur.578..266Y. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1961-1. PMC 7021511. PMID 31996850. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
Pintarelli G, Noci S, Maspero D, Pettinicchio A, Dugo M, De Cecco L, Incarbone M, Tosi D, Santambrogio L, Dragani TA, Colombo F (September 2019). "Cigarette smoke alters the transcriptome of non-involved lung tissue in lung adenocarcinoma patients". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 13039. Bibcode:2019NatSR...913039P. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49648-2. PMC 6736939. PMID 31506599.
Gurillo, Pedro; Jauhar, Sameer; Murray, Robin M; MacCabe, James H (July 2015). "Does tobacco use cause psychosis? Systematic review and meta-analysis". The Lancet Psychiatry. 2 (8): 718–725. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00152-2. PMC 4698800. PMID 26249303.
Nicolosi Alfredo; et al. (2003). "Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction in four countries: cross-national study of the prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction". Urology. 61 (1): 201–206. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(02)02102-7. PMID 12559296. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
Ma C, Liu Y, Neumann S, Gao X (2017). "Nicotine from cigarette smoking and diet and Parkinson disease: a review". Translational Neurodegeneration. 6: 18. doi:10.1186/s40035-017-0090-8. PMC 5494127. PMID 28680589.
Dorsey ER, Sherer T, Okun MS, Bloem BR (2018). "The Emerging Evidence of the Parkinson Pandemic". J Parkinsons Dis (Review). 8 (s1): S3–8. doi:10.3233/JPD-181474. PMC 6311367. PMID 30584159.
Hyland, A.; Bauer, J. E.; Li, Q.; Abrams, S. M.; Higbee, C.; Peppone, L.; Cummings, K. M. (2005). "Higher cigarette prices influence cigarette purchase patterns". Tobacco Control. 14 (2): 86–92. doi:10.1136/tc.2004.008730. PMC 1748009. PMID 15791017.
C. Merrill, J.; Kleber, H. D.; Shwartz, M.; Liu, H.; Lewis, S. R. (1999). "Cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, other risk behaviors, and American youth". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 56 (3): 205–212. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(99)00034-4. PMID 10529022.
Swan, G. C.; Carmelli, D.; Rosenman, R. H.; Fabsitz, R. R.; Christian, J. C. (1990). "Smoking and alcohol consumption in adult male twins: genetic heritability and shared environmental influences" (Free full text). Journal of Substance Abuse. 2 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1016/S0899-3289(05)80044-6. ISSN 0899-3289. PMID 2136102. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
Rohsenow, Damaris J.; Martin, Rosemarie A.; Tidey, Jennifer W.; Colby, Suzanne M.; Monti, Peter M. (2017). "Treating Smokers in Substance Treatment With Contingent Vouchers, Nicotine Replacement and Brief Advice Adapted for Sobriety Settings". Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 72: 72–79. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2016.08.012. PMC 5154824. PMID 27658756.
Tang, Yi-Yuan; Tang, Rongxiang; Posner, Michael I. (2016). "Mindfulness meditation improves emotion regulation and reduces drug abuse". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 163: S13–S18. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.041. PMID 27306725.
Rosen, Laura J.; Galili, Tal; Kott, Jeffrey; Goodman, Mark; Freedman, Laurence S. (January 2018). "Diminishing benefit of smoking cessation medications during the first year: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Addiction. 113 (5). Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Society for the Study of Addiction: 805–816. doi:10.1111/add.14134. ISSN 0965-2140. PMC 5947828. PMID 29377409. S2CID 4764039.

drive.google.com

Bharatula, Arun (2016). Review: Tobacco outlet density. Melbourne.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)^{[permanent dead link]}

druglibrary.org

"History of Tobacco Regulation*". Archived from the original on 16 June 2010. Retrieved 29 February 2016.

e-sheesh.com

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (2009). "Obey the Word of Wisdom". Basic Beliefs – The Commandments. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2009.

eur.nl

repub.eur.nl

Barendregt J. J., Bonneux L., van der Maas P. J. (1997). "The health care costs of smoking" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. 337 (15): 1052–1057. doi:10.1056/NEJM199710093371506. hdl:1765/59780. PMID 9321534. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

europa.eu

deljpn.ec.europa.eu

European Union – Tobacco advertising ban takes effect July 31 Archived 24 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine

ec.europa.eu

"Report on the implementation of the EU Tobacco Advertising Directive" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2008.

figshare.com

Garcia CC, Angeli JP, Freitas FP, Gomes OF, de Oliveira TF, Loureiro AP, Di Mascio P, Medeiros MH (2011). "[13C2]-Acetaldehyde promotes unequivocal formation of 1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine in human cells". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 (24): 9140–3. doi:10.1021/ja2004686. PMID 21604744. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2019.

fiocruz.br

arca.fiocruz.br

Nicolosi Alfredo; et al. (2003). "Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction in four countries: cross-national study of the prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction". Urology. 61 (1): 201–206. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(02)02102-7. PMID 12559296. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2019.

firesafecigarettes.org

"Coalition for Fire-Safe Cigarettes". Archived from the original on 16 August 2011. Retrieved 29 February 2016.

frbatlanta.org

Armour, Brian S.; Pitts, M. Melinda (2007). "Smoking: Taxing Health and Social Security" (PDF). www.frbatlanta.org. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
"Even One Is Too Much: The Economic Consequences of Being a Smoker, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, January 2013" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2013.

ghostarchive.org

"Imperial Tobacco take fight against cigarette display ban to Supreme". The Independent. 12 November 2012. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2019.

gov.uk

"Tax on shopping and services". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 24 November 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2023.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Barendregt J. J., Bonneux L., van der Maas P. J. (1997). "The health care costs of smoking" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. 337 (15): 1052–1057. doi:10.1056/NEJM199710093371506. hdl:1765/59780. PMID 9321534. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Armitage, A. K.; Turner, D. M. (1970). "Absorption of Nicotine in Cigarette and Cigar Smoke through the Oral Mucosa". Nature. 226 (5252): 1231–1232. Bibcode:1970Natur.226.1231A. doi:10.1038/2261231a0. PMID 5422597. S2CID 4208650.
Pontieri, F. E.; Tanda, G.; Orzi, F.; Di Chiara, G. D. (1996). "Effects of nicotine on the nucleus accumbens and similarity to those of addictive drugs". Nature. 382 (6588): 255–257. Bibcode:1996Natur.382..255P. doi:10.1038/382255a0. PMID 8717040. S2CID 4338516.
Qasim, Hanan; Alarabi, A. B.; Alzoubi, K. H.; Karim, Z. A.; Alshbool, F. Z.; Khasawneh, F. T. (September 2019). "The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system" (PDF). Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 24 (58). BioMed Central: 58. Bibcode:2019EHPM...24...58Q. doi:10.1186/s12199-019-0811-y. ISSN 1347-4715. PMC 6745078. PMID 31521105. S2CID 202570973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
Farag, Mohamed A.; Elmassry, Moamen M.; El-Ahmady, Sherweit H. (19 November 2018). "The characterization of flavored hookahs aroma profile and in response to heating as analyzed via headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and chemometrics". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 17028. Bibcode:2018NatSR...817028F. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35368-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6242864. PMID 30451904.
Yoshida, Kenichi; Gowers, Kate H. C.; Lee-Six, Henry; Chandrasekharan, Deepak P.; Coorens, Tim; Maughan, Elizabeth F.; Beal, Kathryn; Menzies, Andrew; Millar, Fraser R.; Anderson, Elizabeth; Clarke, Sarah E.; Pennycuick, Adam; Thakrar, Ricky M.; Butler, Colin R.; Kakiuchi, Nobuyuki; Hirano, Tomonori; Hynds, Robert E.; Stratton, Michael R.; Martincorena, Iñigo; Janes, Sam M.; Campbell, Peter J. (2020). "Tobacco smoking and somatic mutations in human bronchial epithelium". Nature. 578 (7794): 266–272. Bibcode:2020Natur.578..266Y. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1961-1. PMC 7021511. PMID 31996850. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
Pintarelli G, Noci S, Maspero D, Pettinicchio A, Dugo M, De Cecco L, Incarbone M, Tosi D, Santambrogio L, Dragani TA, Colombo F (September 2019). "Cigarette smoke alters the transcriptome of non-involved lung tissue in lung adenocarcinoma patients". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 13039. Bibcode:2019NatSR...913039P. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49648-2. PMC 6736939. PMID 31506599.

health-ni.gov.uk

"Guidance on the display and pricing of tobacco products in Northern Ireland | Department of Health". Health. 25 August 2015. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.

ic.ac.uk

ch.ic.ac.uk

"Nicotine". Imperial College London. Archived from the original on 14 July 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

independent.co.uk

"Imperial Tobacco take fight against cigarette display ban to Supreme". The Independent. 12 November 2012. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2019.

jeffreywigand.com

Wigand, Jeffrey S. (July 2006). "ADDITIVES, CIGARETTE DESIGN and TOBACCO PRODUCT REGULATION" (PDF). Mt. Pleasant, MI 48804: Jeffrey Wigand. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)

jstor.org

Nordenskiold, Erland (1929), "The American Indian as an Inventor", Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 59: 277, doi:10.2307/2843888, JSTOR 2843888

leeds.ac.uk

ics.leeds.ac.uk

"Phil Taylor's Papers " Index". Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 29 February 2016.

loc.gov

thomas.loc.gov

"A bill to protect the public health by providing the Food and Drug Administration with certain authority to regulate tobacco products. (Summary)" (Press release). Library of Congress. 20 May 2004. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2007.

lccn.loc.gov

Rodu, B; Plurphanswat, N (January 2021). "Mortality among male cigar and cigarette smokers in the USA" (PDF). Harm Reduction Journal. 18 (7). BioMed Central: 7. doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00446-4. ISSN 1477-7517. LCCN 2004243422. PMC 7789747. PMID 33413424. S2CID 230800394. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.

mindfully.org

"Public Finance Balance of Smoking in the Czech Republic". Archived from the original on 19 July 2006.

nature.com

Yoshida, Kenichi; Gowers, Kate H. C.; Lee-Six, Henry; Chandrasekharan, Deepak P.; Coorens, Tim; Maughan, Elizabeth F.; Beal, Kathryn; Menzies, Andrew; Millar, Fraser R.; Anderson, Elizabeth; Clarke, Sarah E.; Pennycuick, Adam; Thakrar, Ricky M.; Butler, Colin R.; Kakiuchi, Nobuyuki; Hirano, Tomonori; Hynds, Robert E.; Stratton, Michael R.; Martincorena, Iñigo; Janes, Sam M.; Campbell, Peter J. (2020). "Tobacco smoking and somatic mutations in human bronchial epithelium". Nature. 578 (7794): 266–272. Bibcode:2020Natur.578..266Y. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1961-1. PMC 7021511. PMID 31996850. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

nfpa.org

"NFPA applauds Reynolds American Inc". Archived from the original on 1 March 2013. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
"NFPA" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 November 2007. Retrieved 29 February 2016.

nhs.uk

"Vaping to quit smoking - NHS". nhs.uk. 20 September 2022. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Parrott, A. C.; Winder, G. (1989). "Nicotine chewing gum (2 mg, 4 mg) and cigarette smoking: comparative effects upon vigilance and heart rate". Psychopharmacology. 97 (2): 257–261. doi:10.1007/BF00442260. PMID 2498936. S2CID 4842374.
Parkin, C.; Fairweather, D. B.; Shamsi, Z.; Stanley, N.; Hindmarch, I. (1998). "The effects of cigarette smoking on overnight performance". Psychopharmacology. 136 (2): 172–178. doi:10.1007/s002130050553. PMID 9551774. S2CID 22962937.
Benowitz, Neal L. (1 February 2009). "Pharmacology of Nicotine: Addiction, Smoking-Induced Disease, and Therapeutics". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 49 (1): 57–71. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094742. ISSN 0362-1642. PMC 2946180. PMID 18834313.
Doll, R.; Hill, B. (June 2004). "The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits: a preliminary report: (Reprinted from Br Med J 1954:ii;1451-5)". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 328 (7455): 1529–1533, discussion 1533. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7455.1529. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 437141. PMID 15217868.
Giovino, GA; Mirza, SA; Samet, JM; Gupta, PC; Jarvis, MJ; Bhala, N; Peto, R; Zatonski, W; Hsia, J; Morton, J; Palipudi, KM; Asma, S; GATS Collaborative, Group (18 August 2012). "Tobacco use in 3 billion individuals from 16 countries: an analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional household surveys". Lancet. 380 (9842): 668–79. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61085-X. PMID 22901888. S2CID 12450625.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Chandrupatla, Siddardha G.; Tavares, Mary; Natto, Zuhair S. (27 July 2017). "Tobacco Use and Effects of Professional Advice on Smoking Cessation among Youth in India". Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 18 (7): 1861–1867. doi:10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.7.1861. ISSN 2476-762X. PMC 5648391. PMID 28749122.
The Lancet (26 September 2009). "Tobacco smoking:why start?". The Lancet. 374 (9695): 1038. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61680-9. PMID 19782852. S2CID 37513171.
F.J.Carod-Artal (1 July 2011). "Hallucinogenic drugs in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures". Neurología. 30 (1): 42–49. doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.07.010. PMID 21893367.
Doll, R.; Hill, A. B. (1 September 1950). "Smoking and Carcinoma of the Lung". British Medical Journal. 2 (4682): 739–748. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4682.739. ISSN 0007-1447. PMC 2038856. PMID 14772469.
Pakhale, S. M.; Maru, G. B. (December 1998). "Distribution of major and minor alkaloids in tobacco, mainstream and sidestream smoke of popular Indian smoking products". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 36 (12): 1131–1138. doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(98)00071-4. ISSN 0278-6915. PMID 9862656.
Mariolis P, Rock VJ, Asman K, et al. (2006). "Tobacco use among adults—United States, 2005". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 55 (42): 1145–8. PMID 17065979. Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Turner, JA; Sillett, RW; McNicol, MW (1977). "Effect of cigar smoking on carboxyhemoglobin and plasma nicotine concentrations in primary pipe and cigar smokers and ex-cigarette smokers". British Medical Journal. 2 (6099): 1387–9. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6099.1387. PMC 1632361. PMID 589225.
Armitage, A. K.; Turner, D. M. (1970). "Absorption of Nicotine in Cigarette and Cigar Smoke through the Oral Mucosa". Nature. 226 (5252): 1231–1232. Bibcode:1970Natur.226.1231A. doi:10.1038/2261231a0. PMID 5422597. S2CID 4208650.
Pich, E. M.; Pagliusi, S. R.; Tessari, M.; Talabot-Ayer, D.; Hooft Van Huijsduijnen, R.; Chiamulera, C. (1997). "Common neural substrates for the addictive properties of nicotine and cocaine". Science. 275 (5296): 83–86. doi:10.1126/science.275.5296.83. PMID 8974398. S2CID 5923174.
Wonnacott, S. (1997). "Presynaptic nicotinic ACh receptors". Trends in Neurosciences. 20 (2): 92–8. doi:10.1016/S0166-2236(96)10073-4. PMID 9023878. S2CID 42215860.
Pontieri, F. E.; Tanda, G.; Orzi, F.; Di Chiara, G. D. (1996). "Effects of nicotine on the nucleus accumbens and similarity to those of addictive drugs". Nature. 382 (6588): 255–257. Bibcode:1996Natur.382..255P. doi:10.1038/382255a0. PMID 8717040. S2CID 4338516.
Guinan, M. E.; Portas, M. R.; Hill, H. R. (1979). "The candida precipitin test in an immunosuppressed population". Cancer. 43 (1): 299–302. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197901)43:1<299::AID-CNCR2820430143>3.0.CO;2-D. PMID 761168. S2CID 45096870.
Talhout, R.; Opperhuizen, A.; Van Amsterdam, J. G. C. (October 2007). "Role of acetaldehyde in tobacco smoke addiction". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 17 (10): 627–636. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.02.013. ISSN 0924-977X. PMID 17382522. S2CID 25866206.
Shoaib, M.; Lowe, A.; Williams, S. (2004). "Imaging localised dynamic changes in the nucleus accumbens following nicotine withdrawal in rats". NeuroImage. 22 (2): 847–854. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.026. PMID 15193614. S2CID 43544025.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2009). "Cigarette smoking among adults and trends in smoking cessation – United States, 2008" (Full free text). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 58 (44): 1227–1232. PMID 19910909. Archived from the original on 16 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
Patton G. C.; Hibbert M.; Rosier M. J.; Carlin J. B.; Caust J.; Bowes G. (1996). "Is smoking associated with depression and anxiety in teenagers?". American Journal of Public Health. 86 (2): 225–230. doi:10.2105/ajph.86.2.225. PMC 1380332. PMID 8633740.
Chassin, L.; Presson, C.; Rose, J.; Sherman, S. J.; Prost, J. (2002). "Parental Smoking Cessation and Adolescent Smoking". Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 27 (6): 485–496. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/27.6.485. PMID 12177249.
Proescholdbell, R. J.; Chassin, L.; MacKinnon, D. P. (2000). "Home smoking restrictions and adolescent smoking". Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2 (2): 159–167. doi:10.1080/713688125. PMID 11072454. S2CID 8749779.
Urberg, K.; Shyu, S. J.; Liang, J. (1990). "Peer influence in adolescent cigarette smoking". Addictive Behaviors. 15 (3): 247–255. doi:10.1016/0306-4603(90)90067-8. PMID 2378284.
Pelosi, Anthony J. (2019). "Personality and fatal diseases: Revisiting a scientific scandal". Journal of Health Psychology. 24 (4): 421–439. doi:10.1177/1359105318822045. ISSN 1359-1053. PMC 6712909. PMID 30791726.
Berlin, I.; Singleton, E. G.; Pedarriosse, A. M.; Lancrenon, S.; Rames, A.; Aubin, H. J.; Niaura, R. (2003). "The Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale: factorial structure, gender effects and relationship with nicotine dependence and smoking cessation in French smokers". Addiction. 98 (11): 1575–1583. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00523.x. PMID 14616184.
Chandra, S.; Chaloupka, F. J. (2003). "Seasonality in cigarette sales: patterns and implications for tobacco control". Tobacco Control. 12 (1): 105–107. doi:10.1136/tc.12.1.105. PMC 1759100. PMID 12612375.
Chandra, S.; Shiffman, S.; Scharf, M.; Dang, Q.; Shadel, G. (February 2007). "Daily smoking patterns, their determinants, and implications for quitting". Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 15 (1): 67–80. doi:10.1037/1064-1297.15.1.67. ISSN 1064-1297. PMID 17295586.
Kalkhoran, S; Benowitz, NL; Rigotti, AN (August 2018). "Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Use: JACC Health Promotion Series". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 72 (9). Elsevier for the American College of Cardiology: 1030–45. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.036. ISSN 1558-3597. PMC 6261256. PMID 30139432. S2CID 52077567. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
Rodu, B; Plurphanswat, N (January 2021). "Mortality among male cigar and cigarette smokers in the USA" (PDF). Harm Reduction Journal. 18 (7). BioMed Central: 7. doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00446-4. ISSN 1477-7517. LCCN 2004243422. PMC 7789747. PMID 33413424. S2CID 230800394. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
Nonnemaker, J; Rostron, B; Hall, P; MacMonegle, A; Apelberg, B (September 2014). Morabia, A (ed.). "Mortality and Economic Costs From Regular Cigar Use in the United States, 2010". American Journal of Public Health. 104 (9). American Public Health Association: e86–e91. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301991. eISSN 1541-0048. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 4151956. PMID 25033140. S2CID 207276270.
Shah, RS; Cole, JW (July 2010). "Smoking and stroke: the more you smoke the more you stroke". Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 8 (7). Informa: 917–932. doi:10.1586/erc.10.56. ISSN 1744-8344. PMC 2928253. PMID 20602553. S2CID 207215548.
Laniado-Laborín, Rafael (January 2009). "Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Parallel Epidemics of the 21st Century". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 6 (1: Smoking and Tobacco Control). MDPI: 209–224. doi:10.3390/ijerph6010209. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 2672326. PMID 19440278. S2CID 19615031.
Oh, CK; Murray, LA; Molfino, NL (February 2012). "Smoking and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis". Pulmonary Medicine. 2012. Hindawi Publishing Corporation: 808260. doi:10.1155/2012/808260. ISSN 2090-1844. PMC 3289849. PMID 22448328. S2CID 14090263.
Thun, Michael J.; Jacobs, Eric J.; Shapiro, Jean A. (February 2000). Ganz, Patricia A. (ed.). "Cigar Smoking in Men and Risk of Death From Tobacco-Related Cancers". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 92 (4). Oxford University Press: 333–337. doi:10.1093/jnci/92.4.333. eISSN 1460-2105. ISSN 0027-8874. PMID 10675383. S2CID 7772405. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
Anjum F, Zohaib J (4 December 2020). "Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma". Definitions (Updated ed.). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. doi:10.32388/G6TG1L. PMID 33085415. S2CID 229252540. Bookshelf ID: NBK563268. Archived from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021 – via NCBI.
Rom O, Kaisari S, Aizenbud D, Reznick AZ (2013). "Cigarette smoke and muscle catabolism in C2 myotubes". Mech Ageing Dev. 134 (1–2): 24–34. doi:10.1016/j.mad.2012.11.004. PMID 23262287. S2CID 322153.
Etemadi, Arash; Blount, Benjamin C.; Calafat, Antonia M.; Chang, Cindy M.; De Jesus, Victor R.; Poustchi, Hossein; Wang, Lanqing; Pourshams, Akram; Shakeri, Ramin; Shiels, Meredith S.; Inoue-Choi, Maki; Ambrose, Bridget K.; Christensen, Carol H.; Wang, Baoguang; Ye, Xiaoyun; Murphy, Gwen; Feng, Jun; Xia, Baoyun; Sosnoff, Connie S.; Boffetta, Paolo; Brennan, Paul; Bhandari, Deepak; Kamangar, Farin; Dawsey, Sanford M.; Abnet, Christian C.; Freedman, Neal D.; Malekzadeh, Reza (February 2019). "Urinary Biomarkers of Carcinogenic Exposure among Cigarette, Waterpipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Users and Never Users of Tobacco in the Golestan Cohort Study". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 28 (2). American Association for Cancer Research: 337–347. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0743. eISSN 1538-7755. ISSN 1055-9965. PMC 6935158. PMID 30622099. S2CID 58560832.
Chang, Cindy M.; Corey, Catherine G.; Rostron, Brian L.; Apelberg, Benjamin J. (April 2015). "Systematic review of cigar smoking and all-cause and smoking-related mortality" (PDF). BMC Public Health. 15 (390). BioMed Central: 390. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1617-5. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 4408600. PMID 25907101. S2CID 16482278. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
Albandar, Jasim M.; Adensaya, Margo R.; Streckfus, Charles F.; Winn, Deborah M. (December 2000). "Cigar, Pipe, and Cigarette Smoking as Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss". Journal of Periodontology. 71 (12). American Academy of Periodontology: 1874–1881. doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.12.1874. ISSN 0022-3492. PMID 11156044. S2CID 11598500.
Kastan MB (2008). "DNA damage responses: mechanisms and roles in human disease: 2007 G.H.A. Clowes Memorial Award Lecture". Mol. Cancer Res. 6 (4): 517–24. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0020. PMID 18403632.
Cunningham FH, Fiebelkorn S, Johnson M, Meredith C (2011). "A novel application of the Margin of Exposure approach: segregation of tobacco smoke toxicants". Food Chem. Toxicol. 49 (11): 2921–33. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.019. PMID 21802474.
Liu XY, Zhu MX, Xie JP (2010). "Mutagenicity of acrolein and acrolein-induced DNA adducts". Toxicol. Mech. Methods. 20 (1): 36–44. doi:10.3109/15376510903530845. PMID 20158384. S2CID 8812192.
Speit G, Merk O (2002). "Evaluation of mutagenic effects of formaldehyde in vitro: detection of crosslinks and mutations in mouse lymphoma cells". Mutagenesis. 17 (3): 183–7. doi:10.1093/mutage/17.3.183. PMID 11971987.
Pu X, Kamendulis LM, Klaunig JE (2009). "Acrylonitrile-induced oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage in male Sprague-Dawley rats". Toxicol. Sci. 111 (1): 64–71. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfp133. PMC 2726299. PMID 19546159.
Koturbash I, Scherhag A, Sorrentino J, Sexton K, Bodnar W, Swenberg JA, Beland FA, Pardo-Manuel Devillena F, Rusyn I, Pogribny IP (2011). "Epigenetic mechanisms of mouse interstrain variability in genotoxicity of the environmental toxicant 1,3-butadiene". Toxicol. Sci. 122 (2): 448–56. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfr133. PMC 3155089. PMID 21602187.
Garcia CC, Angeli JP, Freitas FP, Gomes OF, de Oliveira TF, Loureiro AP, Di Mascio P, Medeiros MH (2011). "[13C2]-Acetaldehyde promotes unequivocal formation of 1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine in human cells". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 (24): 9140–3. doi:10.1021/ja2004686. PMID 21604744. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
Tompkins EM, McLuckie KI, Jones DJ, Farmer PB, Brown K (2009). "Mutagenicity of DNA adducts derived from ethylene oxide exposure in the pSP189 shuttle vector replicated in human Ad293 cells". Mutat. Res. 678 (2): 129–37. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.05.011. PMID 19477295.
Fabiani R, Rosignoli P, De Bartolomeo A, Fuccelli R, Morozzi G (2007). "DNA-damaging ability of isoprene and isoprene mono-epoxide (EPOX I) in human cells evaluated with the comet assay". Mutat. Res. 629 (1): 7–13. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.12.007. PMID 17317274.
Alarabi, A. B.; Karim, Z. A.; Alshbool, F. Z.; Khasawneh, F. T.; Hernandez, Keziah R.; Lozano, Patricia A.; Montes Ramirez, Jean E.; Rivera, José O. (February 2020). "Short-Term Exposure to Waterpipe/Hookah Smoke Triggers a Hyperactive Platelet Activation State and Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 40 (2). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 335–349. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.313435. ISSN 1079-5642. PMC 7000176. PMID 31941383. S2CID 210335103.
Patel, Mit P.; Khangoora, Vikramjit S.; Marik, Paul E. (October 2019). "A Review of the Pulmonary and Health Impacts of Hookah Use". Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 16 (10). American Thoracic Society: 1215–1219. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201902-129CME. ISSN 2325-6621. PMID 31091965. S2CID 155103502.
Qasim, Hanan; Alarabi, A. B.; Alzoubi, K. H.; Karim, Z. A.; Alshbool, F. Z.; Khasawneh, F. T. (September 2019). "The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system" (PDF). Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 24 (58). BioMed Central: 58. Bibcode:2019EHPM...24...58Q. doi:10.1186/s12199-019-0811-y. ISSN 1347-4715. PMC 6745078. PMID 31521105. S2CID 202570973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
Farag, Mohamed A.; Elmassry, Moamen M.; El-Ahmady, Sherweit H. (19 November 2018). "The characterization of flavored hookahs aroma profile and in response to heating as analyzed via headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and chemometrics". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 17028. Bibcode:2018NatSR...817028F. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35368-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6242864. PMID 30451904.
Barendregt J. J., Bonneux L., van der Maas P. J. (1997). "The health care costs of smoking" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. 337 (15): 1052–1057. doi:10.1056/NEJM199710093371506. hdl:1765/59780. PMID 9321534. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Peto Richard; Darby Sarah; Deo Harz; et al. (2000). "Smoking, smoking cessation, and lung cancer in the UK since 1950: combination of national statistics with two case-control studies". The BMJ. 321 (7257): 323–329. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7257.323. PMC 27446. PMID 10926586.
Yoshida, Kenichi; Gowers, Kate H. C.; Lee-Six, Henry; Chandrasekharan, Deepak P.; Coorens, Tim; Maughan, Elizabeth F.; Beal, Kathryn; Menzies, Andrew; Millar, Fraser R.; Anderson, Elizabeth; Clarke, Sarah E.; Pennycuick, Adam; Thakrar, Ricky M.; Butler, Colin R.; Kakiuchi, Nobuyuki; Hirano, Tomonori; Hynds, Robert E.; Stratton, Michael R.; Martincorena, Iñigo; Janes, Sam M.; Campbell, Peter J. (2020). "Tobacco smoking and somatic mutations in human bronchial epithelium". Nature. 578 (7794): 266–272. Bibcode:2020Natur.578..266Y. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1961-1. PMC 7021511. PMID 31996850. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
Pintarelli G, Noci S, Maspero D, Pettinicchio A, Dugo M, De Cecco L, Incarbone M, Tosi D, Santambrogio L, Dragani TA, Colombo F (September 2019). "Cigarette smoke alters the transcriptome of non-involved lung tissue in lung adenocarcinoma patients". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 13039. Bibcode:2019NatSR...913039P. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49648-2. PMC 6736939. PMID 31506599.
Gurillo, Pedro; Jauhar, Sameer; Murray, Robin M; MacCabe, James H (July 2015). "Does tobacco use cause psychosis? Systematic review and meta-analysis". The Lancet Psychiatry. 2 (8): 718–725. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00152-2. PMC 4698800. PMID 26249303.
Nicolosi Alfredo; et al. (2003). "Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction in four countries: cross-national study of the prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction". Urology. 61 (1): 201–206. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(02)02102-7. PMID 12559296. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
Ma C, Liu Y, Neumann S, Gao X (2017). "Nicotine from cigarette smoking and diet and Parkinson disease: a review". Translational Neurodegeneration. 6: 18. doi:10.1186/s40035-017-0090-8. PMC 5494127. PMID 28680589.
Dorsey ER, Sherer T, Okun MS, Bloem BR (2018). "The Emerging Evidence of the Parkinson Pandemic". J Parkinsons Dis (Review). 8 (s1): S3–8. doi:10.3233/JPD-181474. PMC 6311367. PMID 30584159.
Hyland, A.; Bauer, J. E.; Li, Q.; Abrams, S. M.; Higbee, C.; Peppone, L.; Cummings, K. M. (2005). "Higher cigarette prices influence cigarette purchase patterns". Tobacco Control. 14 (2): 86–92. doi:10.1136/tc.2004.008730. PMC 1748009. PMID 15791017.
C. Merrill, J.; Kleber, H. D.; Shwartz, M.; Liu, H.; Lewis, S. R. (1999). "Cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, other risk behaviors, and American youth". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 56 (3): 205–212. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(99)00034-4. PMID 10529022.
Swan, G. C.; Carmelli, D.; Rosenman, R. H.; Fabsitz, R. R.; Christian, J. C. (1990). "Smoking and alcohol consumption in adult male twins: genetic heritability and shared environmental influences" (Free full text). Journal of Substance Abuse. 2 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1016/S0899-3289(05)80044-6. ISSN 0899-3289. PMID 2136102. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
Rohsenow, Damaris J.; Martin, Rosemarie A.; Tidey, Jennifer W.; Colby, Suzanne M.; Monti, Peter M. (2017). "Treating Smokers in Substance Treatment With Contingent Vouchers, Nicotine Replacement and Brief Advice Adapted for Sobriety Settings". Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 72: 72–79. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2016.08.012. PMC 5154824. PMID 27658756.
Tang, Yi-Yuan; Tang, Rongxiang; Posner, Michael I. (2016). "Mindfulness meditation improves emotion regulation and reduces drug abuse". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 163: S13–S18. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.041. PMID 27306725.
Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (November 2011). "Quitting smoking among adults—United States, 2001–2010". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 60 (44): 1513–9. PMID 22071589. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
Rosen, Laura J.; Galili, Tal; Kott, Jeffrey; Goodman, Mark; Freedman, Laurence S. (January 2018). "Diminishing benefit of smoking cessation medications during the first year: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Addiction. 113 (5). Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Society for the Study of Addiction: 805–816. doi:10.1111/add.14134. ISSN 0965-2140. PMC 5947828. PMID 29377409. S2CID 4764039.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Benowitz, Neal L. (1 February 2009). "Pharmacology of Nicotine: Addiction, Smoking-Induced Disease, and Therapeutics". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 49 (1): 57–71. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094742. ISSN 0362-1642. PMC 2946180. PMID 18834313.
Doll, R.; Hill, B. (June 2004). "The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits: a preliminary report: (Reprinted from Br Med J 1954:ii;1451-5)". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 328 (7455): 1529–1533, discussion 1533. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7455.1529. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 437141. PMID 15217868.
Chandrupatla, Siddardha G.; Tavares, Mary; Natto, Zuhair S. (27 July 2017). "Tobacco Use and Effects of Professional Advice on Smoking Cessation among Youth in India". Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 18 (7): 1861–1867. doi:10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.7.1861. ISSN 2476-762X. PMC 5648391. PMID 28749122.
Doll, R.; Hill, A. B. (1 September 1950). "Smoking and Carcinoma of the Lung". British Medical Journal. 2 (4682): 739–748. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4682.739. ISSN 0007-1447. PMC 2038856. PMID 14772469.
Turner, JA; Sillett, RW; McNicol, MW (1977). "Effect of cigar smoking on carboxyhemoglobin and plasma nicotine concentrations in primary pipe and cigar smokers and ex-cigarette smokers". British Medical Journal. 2 (6099): 1387–9. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6099.1387. PMC 1632361. PMID 589225.
Patton G. C.; Hibbert M.; Rosier M. J.; Carlin J. B.; Caust J.; Bowes G. (1996). "Is smoking associated with depression and anxiety in teenagers?". American Journal of Public Health. 86 (2): 225–230. doi:10.2105/ajph.86.2.225. PMC 1380332. PMID 8633740.
Pelosi, Anthony J. (2019). "Personality and fatal diseases: Revisiting a scientific scandal". Journal of Health Psychology. 24 (4): 421–439. doi:10.1177/1359105318822045. ISSN 1359-1053. PMC 6712909. PMID 30791726.
Chandra, S.; Chaloupka, F. J. (2003). "Seasonality in cigarette sales: patterns and implications for tobacco control". Tobacco Control. 12 (1): 105–107. doi:10.1136/tc.12.1.105. PMC 1759100. PMID 12612375.
Kalkhoran, S; Benowitz, NL; Rigotti, AN (August 2018). "Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Use: JACC Health Promotion Series". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 72 (9). Elsevier for the American College of Cardiology: 1030–45. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.036. ISSN 1558-3597. PMC 6261256. PMID 30139432. S2CID 52077567. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
Rodu, B; Plurphanswat, N (January 2021). "Mortality among male cigar and cigarette smokers in the USA" (PDF). Harm Reduction Journal. 18 (7). BioMed Central: 7. doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00446-4. ISSN 1477-7517. LCCN 2004243422. PMC 7789747. PMID 33413424. S2CID 230800394. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
Nonnemaker, J; Rostron, B; Hall, P; MacMonegle, A; Apelberg, B (September 2014). Morabia, A (ed.). "Mortality and Economic Costs From Regular Cigar Use in the United States, 2010". American Journal of Public Health. 104 (9). American Public Health Association: e86–e91. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301991. eISSN 1541-0048. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 4151956. PMID 25033140. S2CID 207276270.
Shah, RS; Cole, JW (July 2010). "Smoking and stroke: the more you smoke the more you stroke". Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 8 (7). Informa: 917–932. doi:10.1586/erc.10.56. ISSN 1744-8344. PMC 2928253. PMID 20602553. S2CID 207215548.
Laniado-Laborín, Rafael (January 2009). "Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Parallel Epidemics of the 21st Century". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 6 (1: Smoking and Tobacco Control). MDPI: 209–224. doi:10.3390/ijerph6010209. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 2672326. PMID 19440278. S2CID 19615031.
Oh, CK; Murray, LA; Molfino, NL (February 2012). "Smoking and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis". Pulmonary Medicine. 2012. Hindawi Publishing Corporation: 808260. doi:10.1155/2012/808260. ISSN 2090-1844. PMC 3289849. PMID 22448328. S2CID 14090263.
Anjum F, Zohaib J (4 December 2020). "Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma". Definitions (Updated ed.). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. doi:10.32388/G6TG1L. PMID 33085415. S2CID 229252540. Bookshelf ID: NBK563268. Archived from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021 – via NCBI.
Etemadi, Arash; Blount, Benjamin C.; Calafat, Antonia M.; Chang, Cindy M.; De Jesus, Victor R.; Poustchi, Hossein; Wang, Lanqing; Pourshams, Akram; Shakeri, Ramin; Shiels, Meredith S.; Inoue-Choi, Maki; Ambrose, Bridget K.; Christensen, Carol H.; Wang, Baoguang; Ye, Xiaoyun; Murphy, Gwen; Feng, Jun; Xia, Baoyun; Sosnoff, Connie S.; Boffetta, Paolo; Brennan, Paul; Bhandari, Deepak; Kamangar, Farin; Dawsey, Sanford M.; Abnet, Christian C.; Freedman, Neal D.; Malekzadeh, Reza (February 2019). "Urinary Biomarkers of Carcinogenic Exposure among Cigarette, Waterpipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Users and Never Users of Tobacco in the Golestan Cohort Study". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 28 (2). American Association for Cancer Research: 337–347. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0743. eISSN 1538-7755. ISSN 1055-9965. PMC 6935158. PMID 30622099. S2CID 58560832.
Chang, Cindy M.; Corey, Catherine G.; Rostron, Brian L.; Apelberg, Benjamin J. (April 2015). "Systematic review of cigar smoking and all-cause and smoking-related mortality" (PDF). BMC Public Health. 15 (390). BioMed Central: 390. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1617-5. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 4408600. PMID 25907101. S2CID 16482278. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
Pu X, Kamendulis LM, Klaunig JE (2009). "Acrylonitrile-induced oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage in male Sprague-Dawley rats". Toxicol. Sci. 111 (1): 64–71. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfp133. PMC 2726299. PMID 19546159.
Koturbash I, Scherhag A, Sorrentino J, Sexton K, Bodnar W, Swenberg JA, Beland FA, Pardo-Manuel Devillena F, Rusyn I, Pogribny IP (2011). "Epigenetic mechanisms of mouse interstrain variability in genotoxicity of the environmental toxicant 1,3-butadiene". Toxicol. Sci. 122 (2): 448–56. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfr133. PMC 3155089. PMID 21602187.
Alarabi, A. B.; Karim, Z. A.; Alshbool, F. Z.; Khasawneh, F. T.; Hernandez, Keziah R.; Lozano, Patricia A.; Montes Ramirez, Jean E.; Rivera, José O. (February 2020). "Short-Term Exposure to Waterpipe/Hookah Smoke Triggers a Hyperactive Platelet Activation State and Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 40 (2). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 335–349. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.313435. ISSN 1079-5642. PMC 7000176. PMID 31941383. S2CID 210335103.
Qasim, Hanan; Alarabi, A. B.; Alzoubi, K. H.; Karim, Z. A.; Alshbool, F. Z.; Khasawneh, F. T. (September 2019). "The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system" (PDF). Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 24 (58). BioMed Central: 58. Bibcode:2019EHPM...24...58Q. doi:10.1186/s12199-019-0811-y. ISSN 1347-4715. PMC 6745078. PMID 31521105. S2CID 202570973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
Farag, Mohamed A.; Elmassry, Moamen M.; El-Ahmady, Sherweit H. (19 November 2018). "The characterization of flavored hookahs aroma profile and in response to heating as analyzed via headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and chemometrics". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 17028. Bibcode:2018NatSR...817028F. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35368-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6242864. PMID 30451904.
Peto Richard; Darby Sarah; Deo Harz; et al. (2000). "Smoking, smoking cessation, and lung cancer in the UK since 1950: combination of national statistics with two case-control studies". The BMJ. 321 (7257): 323–329. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7257.323. PMC 27446. PMID 10926586.
Yoshida, Kenichi; Gowers, Kate H. C.; Lee-Six, Henry; Chandrasekharan, Deepak P.; Coorens, Tim; Maughan, Elizabeth F.; Beal, Kathryn; Menzies, Andrew; Millar, Fraser R.; Anderson, Elizabeth; Clarke, Sarah E.; Pennycuick, Adam; Thakrar, Ricky M.; Butler, Colin R.; Kakiuchi, Nobuyuki; Hirano, Tomonori; Hynds, Robert E.; Stratton, Michael R.; Martincorena, Iñigo; Janes, Sam M.; Campbell, Peter J. (2020). "Tobacco smoking and somatic mutations in human bronchial epithelium". Nature. 578 (7794): 266–272. Bibcode:2020Natur.578..266Y. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1961-1. PMC 7021511. PMID 31996850. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
Pintarelli G, Noci S, Maspero D, Pettinicchio A, Dugo M, De Cecco L, Incarbone M, Tosi D, Santambrogio L, Dragani TA, Colombo F (September 2019). "Cigarette smoke alters the transcriptome of non-involved lung tissue in lung adenocarcinoma patients". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 13039. Bibcode:2019NatSR...913039P. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49648-2. PMC 6736939. PMID 31506599.
Gurillo, Pedro; Jauhar, Sameer; Murray, Robin M; MacCabe, James H (July 2015). "Does tobacco use cause psychosis? Systematic review and meta-analysis". The Lancet Psychiatry. 2 (8): 718–725. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00152-2. PMC 4698800. PMID 26249303.
Ma C, Liu Y, Neumann S, Gao X (2017). "Nicotine from cigarette smoking and diet and Parkinson disease: a review". Translational Neurodegeneration. 6: 18. doi:10.1186/s40035-017-0090-8. PMC 5494127. PMID 28680589.
Dorsey ER, Sherer T, Okun MS, Bloem BR (2018). "The Emerging Evidence of the Parkinson Pandemic". J Parkinsons Dis (Review). 8 (s1): S3–8. doi:10.3233/JPD-181474. PMC 6311367. PMID 30584159.
Hyland, A.; Bauer, J. E.; Li, Q.; Abrams, S. M.; Higbee, C.; Peppone, L.; Cummings, K. M. (2005). "Higher cigarette prices influence cigarette purchase patterns". Tobacco Control. 14 (2): 86–92. doi:10.1136/tc.2004.008730. PMC 1748009. PMID 15791017.
Rohsenow, Damaris J.; Martin, Rosemarie A.; Tidey, Jennifer W.; Colby, Suzanne M.; Monti, Peter M. (2017). "Treating Smokers in Substance Treatment With Contingent Vouchers, Nicotine Replacement and Brief Advice Adapted for Sobriety Settings". Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 72: 72–79. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2016.08.012. PMC 5154824. PMID 27658756.
Rosen, Laura J.; Galili, Tal; Kott, Jeffrey; Goodman, Mark; Freedman, Laurence S. (January 2018). "Diminishing benefit of smoking cessation medications during the first year: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Addiction. 113 (5). Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Society for the Study of Addiction: 805–816. doi:10.1111/add.14134. ISSN 0965-2140. PMC 5947828. PMID 29377409. S2CID 4764039.

profiles.nlm.nih.gov

"The Reports of the Surgeon General: The 1964 Report on Smoking and Health". Profiles in Science. United States National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2015.

nlm.nih.gov

Swan, G. C.; Carmelli, D.; Rosenman, R. H.; Fabsitz, R. R.; Christian, J. C. (1990). "Smoking and alcohol consumption in adult male twins: genetic heritability and shared environmental influences" (Free full text). Journal of Substance Abuse. 2 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1016/S0899-3289(05)80044-6. ISSN 0899-3289. PMID 2136102. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.

nih.gov

"Why Nicotine is a Gateway Drug". National Institutes of Health (NIH). 22 May 2015. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.

nytimes.com

query.nytimes.com

"Cigarettes Cost U.S. $7 Per Pack Sold, Study Says". The New York Times. 12 April 2002. Archived from the original on 13 February 2008. Retrieved 29 February 2016.

onlinejacc.org

Kalkhoran, S; Benowitz, NL; Rigotti, AN (August 2018). "Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Use: JACC Health Promotion Series". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 72 (9). Elsevier for the American College of Cardiology: 1030–45. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.036. ISSN 1558-3597. PMC 6261256. PMID 30139432. S2CID 52077567. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Thun, Michael J.; Jacobs, Eric J.; Shapiro, Jean A. (February 2000). Ganz, Patricia A. (ed.). "Cigar Smoking in Men and Risk of Death From Tobacco-Related Cancers". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 92 (4). Oxford University Press: 333–337. doi:10.1093/jnci/92.4.333. eISSN 1460-2105. ISSN 0027-8874. PMID 10675383. S2CID 7772405. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.

ox.ac.uk

ctsu.ox.ac.uk

Peto, Richard; Lopez, Alan D; Boreham, Jillian; Thun, Michael (2006). "Mortality from Smoking in Developed Countries 1950–2000: indirect estimates from national vital statistics" (PDF). Oxford University Press: 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2005. Retrieved 22 March 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

retractionwatch.com

"King's College London enquiry into publications authored by Professor Hans Eysenck with Professor Ronald Grossarth-Maticek" (PDF). October 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 November 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2020.

risingnepaldaily.com

"Family First: Dr. Anil's Love-Infused Anti-Smoking Initiative". GorakhaPatra. Retrieved 5 February 2024.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Parrott, A. C.; Winder, G. (1989). "Nicotine chewing gum (2 mg, 4 mg) and cigarette smoking: comparative effects upon vigilance and heart rate". Psychopharmacology. 97 (2): 257–261. doi:10.1007/BF00442260. PMID 2498936. S2CID 4842374.
Parkin, C.; Fairweather, D. B.; Shamsi, Z.; Stanley, N.; Hindmarch, I. (1998). "The effects of cigarette smoking on overnight performance". Psychopharmacology. 136 (2): 172–178. doi:10.1007/s002130050553. PMID 9551774. S2CID 22962937.
Giovino, GA; Mirza, SA; Samet, JM; Gupta, PC; Jarvis, MJ; Bhala, N; Peto, R; Zatonski, W; Hsia, J; Morton, J; Palipudi, KM; Asma, S; GATS Collaborative, Group (18 August 2012). "Tobacco use in 3 billion individuals from 16 countries: an analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional household surveys". Lancet. 380 (9842): 668–79. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61085-X. PMID 22901888. S2CID 12450625.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
The Lancet (26 September 2009). "Tobacco smoking:why start?". The Lancet. 374 (9695): 1038. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61680-9. PMID 19782852. S2CID 37513171.
Rarick CA (2 April 2008). "Note on the premium cigar industry". doi:10.2139/ssrn.1127582. S2CID 152340055. SSRN 1127582. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Armitage, A. K.; Turner, D. M. (1970). "Absorption of Nicotine in Cigarette and Cigar Smoke through the Oral Mucosa". Nature. 226 (5252): 1231–1232. Bibcode:1970Natur.226.1231A. doi:10.1038/2261231a0. PMID 5422597. S2CID 4208650.
Pich, E. M.; Pagliusi, S. R.; Tessari, M.; Talabot-Ayer, D.; Hooft Van Huijsduijnen, R.; Chiamulera, C. (1997). "Common neural substrates for the addictive properties of nicotine and cocaine". Science. 275 (5296): 83–86. doi:10.1126/science.275.5296.83. PMID 8974398. S2CID 5923174.
Wonnacott, S. (1997). "Presynaptic nicotinic ACh receptors". Trends in Neurosciences. 20 (2): 92–8. doi:10.1016/S0166-2236(96)10073-4. PMID 9023878. S2CID 42215860.
Pontieri, F. E.; Tanda, G.; Orzi, F.; Di Chiara, G. D. (1996). "Effects of nicotine on the nucleus accumbens and similarity to those of addictive drugs". Nature. 382 (6588): 255–257. Bibcode:1996Natur.382..255P. doi:10.1038/382255a0. PMID 8717040. S2CID 4338516.
Guinan, M. E.; Portas, M. R.; Hill, H. R. (1979). "The candida precipitin test in an immunosuppressed population". Cancer. 43 (1): 299–302. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197901)43:1<299::AID-CNCR2820430143>3.0.CO;2-D. PMID 761168. S2CID 45096870.
Talhout, R.; Opperhuizen, A.; Van Amsterdam, J. G. C. (October 2007). "Role of acetaldehyde in tobacco smoke addiction". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 17 (10): 627–636. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.02.013. ISSN 0924-977X. PMID 17382522. S2CID 25866206.
Shoaib, M.; Lowe, A.; Williams, S. (2004). "Imaging localised dynamic changes in the nucleus accumbens following nicotine withdrawal in rats". NeuroImage. 22 (2): 847–854. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.026. PMID 15193614. S2CID 43544025.
Proescholdbell, R. J.; Chassin, L.; MacKinnon, D. P. (2000). "Home smoking restrictions and adolescent smoking". Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2 (2): 159–167. doi:10.1080/713688125. PMID 11072454. S2CID 8749779.
Kalkhoran, S; Benowitz, NL; Rigotti, AN (August 2018). "Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Use: JACC Health Promotion Series". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 72 (9). Elsevier for the American College of Cardiology: 1030–45. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.036. ISSN 1558-3597. PMC 6261256. PMID 30139432. S2CID 52077567. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
Rodu, B; Plurphanswat, N (January 2021). "Mortality among male cigar and cigarette smokers in the USA" (PDF). Harm Reduction Journal. 18 (7). BioMed Central: 7. doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00446-4. ISSN 1477-7517. LCCN 2004243422. PMC 7789747. PMID 33413424. S2CID 230800394. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
Nonnemaker, J; Rostron, B; Hall, P; MacMonegle, A; Apelberg, B (September 2014). Morabia, A (ed.). "Mortality and Economic Costs From Regular Cigar Use in the United States, 2010". American Journal of Public Health. 104 (9). American Public Health Association: e86–e91. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301991. eISSN 1541-0048. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 4151956. PMID 25033140. S2CID 207276270.
Shah, RS; Cole, JW (July 2010). "Smoking and stroke: the more you smoke the more you stroke". Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 8 (7). Informa: 917–932. doi:10.1586/erc.10.56. ISSN 1744-8344. PMC 2928253. PMID 20602553. S2CID 207215548.
Laniado-Laborín, Rafael (January 2009). "Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Parallel Epidemics of the 21st Century". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 6 (1: Smoking and Tobacco Control). MDPI: 209–224. doi:10.3390/ijerph6010209. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 2672326. PMID 19440278. S2CID 19615031.
Oh, CK; Murray, LA; Molfino, NL (February 2012). "Smoking and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis". Pulmonary Medicine. 2012. Hindawi Publishing Corporation: 808260. doi:10.1155/2012/808260. ISSN 2090-1844. PMC 3289849. PMID 22448328. S2CID 14090263.
Thun, Michael J.; Jacobs, Eric J.; Shapiro, Jean A. (February 2000). Ganz, Patricia A. (ed.). "Cigar Smoking in Men and Risk of Death From Tobacco-Related Cancers". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 92 (4). Oxford University Press: 333–337. doi:10.1093/jnci/92.4.333. eISSN 1460-2105. ISSN 0027-8874. PMID 10675383. S2CID 7772405. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
Anjum F, Zohaib J (4 December 2020). "Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma". Definitions (Updated ed.). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. doi:10.32388/G6TG1L. PMID 33085415. S2CID 229252540. Bookshelf ID: NBK563268. Archived from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021 – via NCBI.
Rom O, Kaisari S, Aizenbud D, Reznick AZ (2013). "Cigarette smoke and muscle catabolism in C2 myotubes". Mech Ageing Dev. 134 (1–2): 24–34. doi:10.1016/j.mad.2012.11.004. PMID 23262287. S2CID 322153.
Etemadi, Arash; Blount, Benjamin C.; Calafat, Antonia M.; Chang, Cindy M.; De Jesus, Victor R.; Poustchi, Hossein; Wang, Lanqing; Pourshams, Akram; Shakeri, Ramin; Shiels, Meredith S.; Inoue-Choi, Maki; Ambrose, Bridget K.; Christensen, Carol H.; Wang, Baoguang; Ye, Xiaoyun; Murphy, Gwen; Feng, Jun; Xia, Baoyun; Sosnoff, Connie S.; Boffetta, Paolo; Brennan, Paul; Bhandari, Deepak; Kamangar, Farin; Dawsey, Sanford M.; Abnet, Christian C.; Freedman, Neal D.; Malekzadeh, Reza (February 2019). "Urinary Biomarkers of Carcinogenic Exposure among Cigarette, Waterpipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Users and Never Users of Tobacco in the Golestan Cohort Study". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 28 (2). American Association for Cancer Research: 337–347. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0743. eISSN 1538-7755. ISSN 1055-9965. PMC 6935158. PMID 30622099. S2CID 58560832.
Chang, Cindy M.; Corey, Catherine G.; Rostron, Brian L.; Apelberg, Benjamin J. (April 2015). "Systematic review of cigar smoking and all-cause and smoking-related mortality" (PDF). BMC Public Health. 15 (390). BioMed Central: 390. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1617-5. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 4408600. PMID 25907101. S2CID 16482278. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
Albandar, Jasim M.; Adensaya, Margo R.; Streckfus, Charles F.; Winn, Deborah M. (December 2000). "Cigar, Pipe, and Cigarette Smoking as Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss". Journal of Periodontology. 71 (12). American Academy of Periodontology: 1874–1881. doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.12.1874. ISSN 0022-3492. PMID 11156044. S2CID 11598500.
Liu XY, Zhu MX, Xie JP (2010). "Mutagenicity of acrolein and acrolein-induced DNA adducts". Toxicol. Mech. Methods. 20 (1): 36–44. doi:10.3109/15376510903530845. PMID 20158384. S2CID 8812192.
Alarabi, A. B.; Karim, Z. A.; Alshbool, F. Z.; Khasawneh, F. T.; Hernandez, Keziah R.; Lozano, Patricia A.; Montes Ramirez, Jean E.; Rivera, José O. (February 2020). "Short-Term Exposure to Waterpipe/Hookah Smoke Triggers a Hyperactive Platelet Activation State and Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 40 (2). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 335–349. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.313435. ISSN 1079-5642. PMC 7000176. PMID 31941383. S2CID 210335103.
Patel, Mit P.; Khangoora, Vikramjit S.; Marik, Paul E. (October 2019). "A Review of the Pulmonary and Health Impacts of Hookah Use". Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 16 (10). American Thoracic Society: 1215–1219. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201902-129CME. ISSN 2325-6621. PMID 31091965. S2CID 155103502.
Qasim, Hanan; Alarabi, A. B.; Alzoubi, K. H.; Karim, Z. A.; Alshbool, F. Z.; Khasawneh, F. T. (September 2019). "The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system" (PDF). Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 24 (58). BioMed Central: 58. Bibcode:2019EHPM...24...58Q. doi:10.1186/s12199-019-0811-y. ISSN 1347-4715. PMC 6745078. PMID 31521105. S2CID 202570973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
Rosen, Laura J.; Galili, Tal; Kott, Jeffrey; Goodman, Mark; Freedman, Laurence S. (January 2018). "Diminishing benefit of smoking cessation medications during the first year: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Addiction. 113 (5). Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Society for the Study of Addiction: 805–816. doi:10.1111/add.14134. ISSN 0965-2140. PMC 5947828. PMID 29377409. S2CID 4764039.

ssrn.com

papers.ssrn.com

Rarick CA (2 April 2008). "Note on the premium cigar industry". doi:10.2139/ssrn.1127582. S2CID 152340055. SSRN 1127582. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

the-tma.org.uk

"Tobacco Smuggling & Crossborder Shopping " Tobacco Manufacturers' Association". Archived from the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 29 February 2016.

theguardian.com

Carrell, Severin; correspondent, Scotland (12 December 2012). "Scotland to ban cigarette displays in shops after court challenge fails". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
Lindeman, Tracey (1 August 2023). "'Poison in every puff': Canada puts health warnings on individual cigarettes". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 8 August 2023.

thelancet.com

Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries Archived 29 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine 26 November 2010

thoracicmedicine.org

Mostafa RM. Dilemma of women's passive smoking. Ann Thorac Med [serial online] 2011 [cited 2011 Mar 29];6:55-6. Available from: http://www.thoracicmedicine.org/text.asp?2011/6/2/55/78410 Archived 2 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine

tobacco18.co.uk

"Tobacco Sales Law". Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 29 February 2016.

tobaccoinaustralia.org.au

Scollo, Michelle (2008). "13.2 Tobacco taxes in Australia" Archived 24 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Tobacco in Australia. Cancer Council Victoria. Retrieved 29 July 2010.

ttb.gov

"TTB – Tax Audit Division – Tax and Fee Rates". Archived from the original on 26 February 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.

uni-hamburg.de

Ahlfeldt, G., Maennig, W. (2010), Impact of non-smoking ordinances on hospitality revenues: The case of Germany, in Journal of Economics and Statistics, 230(5), 506–521; preliminary version in: Hamburg Contemporary Discussion Papers N° 26, http://www.uni-hamburg.de/economicpolicy/hced.html Archived 23 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine.

usatoday.com

"USATODAY.com – Study: Cigarettes cost families, society $41 per pack". USA Today. Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
"26, 2004-smoking-costs_x.htm Study: Cigarettes cost families, society $41 per pack". USA Today.

utexas.edu

laits.utexas.edu

King James I of England (16 April 2002) [1604]. "A Counterblaste to Tobacco". University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on 18 May 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

virginia.edu

curry.edschool.virginia.edu

Jordan, Ervin L. Jr. "Jamestown, Virginia, 1607–1907: An Overview". University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2002. Retrieved 22 February 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

web.archive.org

Gately, Iain (2004) [2003]. Tobacco: A Cultural History of How an Exotic Plant Seduced Civilization. Diane. pp. 3–7. ISBN 978-0-8021-3960-3. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Wigand, Jeffrey S. (July 2006). "ADDITIVES, CIGARETTE DESIGN and TOBACCO PRODUCT REGULATION" (PDF). Mt. Pleasant, MI 48804: Jeffrey Wigand. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
VJ Rock, MPH, A Malarcher, JW Kahende, K Asman, MSPH, C Husten, MD, R Caraballo (9 November 2007). "Cigarette Smoking Among Adults --- United States, 2006". United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2009. In 2006, an estimated 20.8% (45.3 million) of U.S. adults[...]{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
"WHO/WPRO-Smoking Statistics". World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. 28 May 2002. Archived from the original on 8 November 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
The World Health Organization, and the Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health (2001). "Women and the Tobacco Epidemic: Challenges for the 21st Century" (PDF). World Health Organization. pp. 5–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 November 2003. Retrieved 2 January 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
"Surgeon General's Report—Women and Smoking". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. p. 47. Archived from the original on 10 July 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2009.
Wilbert, Johannes (28 July 1993). Tobacco and Shamanism in South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-05790-4. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Heckewelder, John Gottlieb Ernestus; Reichel, William Cornelius (June 1971) [1876]. History, manners, and customs of the Indian nations who once inhabited Pennsylvania and the neighboring states (PDF). The Historical society of Pennsylvania. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-405-02853-3. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
Gottsegen, Jack Jacob (1940). "Tobacco: A Study of Its Consumption in the United States". Pitman Publishing Company: 107. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2009> {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Jordan, Ervin L. Jr. "Jamestown, Virginia, 1607–1907: An Overview". University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 17 October 2002. Retrieved 22 February 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
King James I of England (16 April 2002) [1604]. "A Counterblaste to Tobacco". University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on 18 May 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Burns, Eric (28 September 2006). The Smoke of the Gods: A Social History of Tobacco. Temple University Press. pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-1-59213-480-9. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
"CNN Interactive". Cnn.com. Archived from the original on 23 April 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
"The Reports of the Surgeon General: The 1964 Report on Smoking and Health". Profiles in Science. United States National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 20 January 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Hilton, Matthew (4 May 2000). Smoking in British Popular Culture, 1800–2000: Perfect Pleasures. Manchester University Press. pp. 229–241. ISBN 978-0-7190-5257-6. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
"Bidi Use Among Urban Youth – Massachusetts, March–April 1999". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 17 September 1999. Archived from the original on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
Mariolis P, Rock VJ, Asman K, et al. (2006). "Tobacco use among adults—United States, 2005". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 55 (42): 1145–8. PMID 17065979. Archived from the original on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
"A bill to protect the public health by providing the Food and Drug Administration with certain authority to regulate tobacco products. (Summary)" (Press release). Library of Congress. 20 May 2004. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2007.
Guindon, G. Emmanuel; Boisclair, David (2003). "Past, current and future trends in tobacco use" (PDF). Washington DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank: 13–16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Peto, Richard; Lopez, Alan D; Boreham, Jillian; Thun, Michael (2006). "Mortality from Smoking in Developed Countries 1950–2000: indirect estimates from national vital statistics" (PDF). Oxford University Press: 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2005. Retrieved 22 March 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2009). "Cigarette smoking among adults and trends in smoking cessation – United States, 2008" (Full free text). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 58 (44): 1227–1232. PMID 19910909. Archived from the original on 16 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
GBD 2008, p. 8 World Health Organization (2008). The Global Burden of Disease 2004 Update (PDF). World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-156371-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2008.
GBD 2008, p. 23 World Health Organization (2008). The Global Burden of Disease 2004 Update (PDF). World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-156371-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2008.
"WHO/WPRO-Tobacco Fact sheet". World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. 29 May 2007. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
"Smoking causes one in 10 deaths worldwide, study shows". BBC News. 6 April 2017. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
Harris, Judith Rich; Pinker, Steven (4 September 1998). The nurture assumption: why children turn out the way they do. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-84409-1. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
"King's College London enquiry into publications authored by Professor Hans Eysenck with Professor Ronald Grossarth-Maticek" (PDF). October 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 November 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
Nigel Hawkes (2019), Works by eminent psychologist who doubted smoking caused cancer are "unsafe," finds inquiry Archived 4 January 2023 at the Wayback Machine
"Nicotine". Imperial College London. Archived from the original on 14 July 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Kalkhoran, S; Benowitz, NL; Rigotti, AN (August 2018). "Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Use: JACC Health Promotion Series". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 72 (9). Elsevier for the American College of Cardiology: 1030–45. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.036. ISSN 1558-3597. PMC 6261256. PMID 30139432. S2CID 52077567. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
"ASH > Action on Smoking & Health". www.ash.org. 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
Rodu, B; Plurphanswat, N (January 2021). "Mortality among male cigar and cigarette smokers in the USA" (PDF). Harm Reduction Journal. 18 (7). BioMed Central: 7. doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00446-4. ISSN 1477-7517. LCCN 2004243422. PMC 7789747. PMID 33413424. S2CID 230800394. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
Thun, Michael J.; Jacobs, Eric J.; Shapiro, Jean A. (February 2000). Ganz, Patricia A. (ed.). "Cigar Smoking in Men and Risk of Death From Tobacco-Related Cancers". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 92 (4). Oxford University Press: 333–337. doi:10.1093/jnci/92.4.333. eISSN 1460-2105. ISSN 0027-8874. PMID 10675383. S2CID 7772405. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
Anjum F, Zohaib J (4 December 2020). "Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma". Definitions (Updated ed.). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. doi:10.32388/G6TG1L. PMID 33085415. S2CID 229252540. Bookshelf ID: NBK563268. Archived from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021 – via NCBI.
Chang, Cindy M.; Corey, Catherine G.; Rostron, Brian L.; Apelberg, Benjamin J. (April 2015). "Systematic review of cigar smoking and all-cause and smoking-related mortality" (PDF). BMC Public Health. 15 (390). BioMed Central: 390. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1617-5. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 4408600. PMID 25907101. S2CID 16482278. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
Garcia CC, Angeli JP, Freitas FP, Gomes OF, de Oliveira TF, Loureiro AP, Di Mascio P, Medeiros MH (2011). "[13C2]-Acetaldehyde promotes unequivocal formation of 1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine in human cells". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 (24): 9140–3. doi:10.1021/ja2004686. PMID 21604744. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
Qasim, Hanan; Alarabi, A. B.; Alzoubi, K. H.; Karim, Z. A.; Alshbool, F. Z.; Khasawneh, F. T. (September 2019). "The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system" (PDF). Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 24 (58). BioMed Central: 58. Bibcode:2019EHPM...24...58Q. doi:10.1186/s12199-019-0811-y. ISSN 1347-4715. PMC 6745078. PMID 31521105. S2CID 202570973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
"Nicotine: A Powerful Addiction Archived 1 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Barendregt J. J., Bonneux L., van der Maas P. J. (1997). "The health care costs of smoking" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. 337 (15): 1052–1057. doi:10.1056/NEJM199710093371506. hdl:1765/59780. PMID 9321534. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Yoshida, Kenichi; Gowers, Kate H. C.; Lee-Six, Henry; Chandrasekharan, Deepak P.; Coorens, Tim; Maughan, Elizabeth F.; Beal, Kathryn; Menzies, Andrew; Millar, Fraser R.; Anderson, Elizabeth; Clarke, Sarah E.; Pennycuick, Adam; Thakrar, Ricky M.; Butler, Colin R.; Kakiuchi, Nobuyuki; Hirano, Tomonori; Hynds, Robert E.; Stratton, Michael R.; Martincorena, Iñigo; Janes, Sam M.; Campbell, Peter J. (2020). "Tobacco smoking and somatic mutations in human bronchial epithelium". Nature. 578 (7794): 266–272. Bibcode:2020Natur.578..266Y. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1961-1. PMC 7021511. PMID 31996850. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
"Cigarette Smoking Among Adults --- United States, 2006". Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
"WHO Western Pacific | World Health Organization". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 8 November 2009.
Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries Archived 29 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine 26 November 2010
Nicolosi Alfredo; et al. (2003). "Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction in four countries: cross-national study of the prevalence and correlates of erectile dysfunction". Urology. 61 (1): 201–206. doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(02)02102-7. PMID 12559296. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
"Cigarettes Cost U.S. $7 Per Pack Sold, Study Says". The New York Times. 12 April 2002. Archived from the original on 13 February 2008. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
"USATODAY.com – Study: Cigarettes cost families, society $41 per pack". USA Today. Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
Armour, Brian S.; Pitts, M. Melinda (2007). "Smoking: Taxing Health and Social Security" (PDF). www.frbatlanta.org. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
"Even One Is Too Much: The Economic Consequences of Being a Smoker, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, January 2013" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
"Costs and Expenditures". Smoking and Tobacco. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web. 20 January 2013. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/ Archived 25 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
"Public Finance Balance of Smoking in the Czech Republic". Archived from the original on 19 July 2006.
"Snuff the Facts". Archived from the original on 20 December 2006.
"Global Effects of Smoking, of Quitting, and of Taxing Tobacco" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
Mostafa RM. Dilemma of women's passive smoking. Ann Thorac Med [serial online] 2011 [cited 2011 Mar 29];6:55-6. Available from: http://www.thoracicmedicine.org/text.asp?2011/6/2/55/78410 Archived 2 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (2009). "Obey the Word of Wisdom". Basic Beliefs – The Commandments. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2009.
"Why is smoking not strictly forbidden in Islam?". Archived from the original on 3 May 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
"WHO | Updated status of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control". 17 November 2004. Archived from the original on 17 November 2004. Retrieved 12 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
"Archived copy" (PDF). www.who.int. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"Reducing Tobacco Use". Archived from the original on 21 February 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
"TTB – Tax Audit Division – Tax and Fee Rates". Archived from the original on 26 February 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
Helen C. Alvarez (28 March 2014). "You and Cigarettes". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
"Tax on shopping and services". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 24 November 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
"Tobacco Smuggling & Crossborder Shopping " Tobacco Manufacturers' Association". Archived from the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
Scollo, Michelle (2008). "13.2 Tobacco taxes in Australia" Archived 24 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Tobacco in Australia. Cancer Council Victoria. Retrieved 29 July 2010.
"History of Tobacco Regulation*". Archived from the original on 16 June 2010. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
"Phil Taylor's Papers " Index". Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
European Union – Tobacco advertising ban takes effect July 31 Archived 24 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine
"Report on the implementation of the EU Tobacco Advertising Directive" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 September 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
Tobacco – Health warnings Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. Retrieved 29 August 2008
Scottish Government, St Andrew's House (21 January 2013). "Tobacco Display Ban Guidance". www2.gov.scot. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
"Guidance on the display and pricing of tobacco products in Northern Ireland | Department of Health". Health. 25 August 2015. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
Norwegian Government (1996). "Act No. 14 of March 9th, 1973 Relating to Prevention of the Harmful Effects of Tobacco (The Tobacco Control Act)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
"WHO | Norway: Prohibition on the visible display of tobacco products at the points of sale". WHO. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
Carrell, Severin; correspondent, Scotland (12 December 2012). "Scotland to ban cigarette displays in shops after court challenge fails". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
World Health Organization (2017). "Evidence brief: Tobacco point-of-sale display bans" (PDF). WHO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
"Tobacco Sales Law". Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
Ahlfeldt, G., Maennig, W. (2010), Impact of non-smoking ordinances on hospitality revenues: The case of Germany, in Journal of Economics and Statistics, 230(5), 506–521; preliminary version in: Hamburg Contemporary Discussion Papers N° 26, http://www.uni-hamburg.de/economicpolicy/hced.html Archived 23 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
"NFPA applauds Reynolds American Inc". Archived from the original on 1 March 2013. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
"NFPA" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 November 2007. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
"Coalition for Fire-Safe Cigarettes". Archived from the original on 16 August 2011. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
Swan, G. C.; Carmelli, D.; Rosenman, R. H.; Fabsitz, R. R.; Christian, J. C. (1990). "Smoking and alcohol consumption in adult male twins: genetic heritability and shared environmental influences" (Free full text). Journal of Substance Abuse. 2 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1016/S0899-3289(05)80044-6. ISSN 0899-3289. PMID 2136102. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
"Why Nicotine is a Gateway Drug". National Institutes of Health (NIH). 22 May 2015. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
"Vaping to quit smoking - NHS". nhs.uk. 20 September 2022. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (November 2011). "Quitting smoking among adults—United States, 2001–2010". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 60 (44): 1513–9. PMID 22071589. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2015.

who.int

The World Health Organization, and the Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health (2001). "Women and the Tobacco Epidemic: Challenges for the 21st Century" (PDF). World Health Organization. pp. 5–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 November 2003. Retrieved 2 January 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
"Tobacco". www.who.int. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
MPOWER 2008, pp. 267–288 World Health Organization (2008). WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008: the MPOWER package (PDF). World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-159628-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2008.
GBD 2008, p. 8 World Health Organization (2008). The Global Burden of Disease 2004 Update (PDF). World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-156371-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2008.
GBD 2008, p. 23 World Health Organization (2008). The Global Burden of Disease 2004 Update (PDF). World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-156371-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2008.
"WHO Western Pacific | World Health Organization". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 8 November 2009.
"Archived copy" (PDF). www.who.int. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"WHO | Norway: Prohibition on the visible display of tobacco products at the points of sale". WHO. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 27 November 2019.

wpro.who.int

"WHO/WPRO-Smoking Statistics". World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. 28 May 2002. Archived from the original on 8 November 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
"WHO/WPRO-Tobacco Fact sheet". World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. 29 May 2007. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2009.

data.euro.who.int

Norwegian Government (1996). "Act No. 14 of March 9th, 1973 Relating to Prevention of the Harmful Effects of Tobacco (The Tobacco Control Act)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2019.

euro.who.int

World Health Organization (2017). "Evidence brief: Tobacco point-of-sale display bans" (PDF). WHO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.

worldbank.org

www1.worldbank.org

Guindon, G. Emmanuel; Boisclair, David (2003). "Past, current and future trends in tobacco use" (PDF). Washington DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank: 13–16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 22 March 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

web.worldbank.org

Public Health at a Glance – Tobacco Pack Information

worldcat.org

Benowitz, Neal L. (1 February 2009). "Pharmacology of Nicotine: Addiction, Smoking-Induced Disease, and Therapeutics". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 49 (1): 57–71. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094742. ISSN 0362-1642. PMC 2946180. PMID 18834313.
Doll, R.; Hill, B. (June 2004). "The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits: a preliminary report: (Reprinted from Br Med J 1954:ii;1451-5)". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 328 (7455): 1529–1533, discussion 1533. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7455.1529. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 437141. PMID 15217868.
Chandrupatla, Siddardha G.; Tavares, Mary; Natto, Zuhair S. (27 July 2017). "Tobacco Use and Effects of Professional Advice on Smoking Cessation among Youth in India". Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 18 (7): 1861–1867. doi:10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.7.1861. ISSN 2476-762X. PMC 5648391. PMID 28749122.
Doll, R.; Hill, A. B. (1 September 1950). "Smoking and Carcinoma of the Lung". British Medical Journal. 2 (4682): 739–748. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4682.739. ISSN 0007-1447. PMC 2038856. PMID 14772469.
Pakhale, S. M.; Maru, G. B. (December 1998). "Distribution of major and minor alkaloids in tobacco, mainstream and sidestream smoke of popular Indian smoking products". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 36 (12): 1131–1138. doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(98)00071-4. ISSN 0278-6915. PMID 9862656.
Talhout, R.; Opperhuizen, A.; Van Amsterdam, J. G. C. (October 2007). "Role of acetaldehyde in tobacco smoke addiction". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 17 (10): 627–636. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.02.013. ISSN 0924-977X. PMID 17382522. S2CID 25866206.
Pelosi, Anthony J. (2019). "Personality and fatal diseases: Revisiting a scientific scandal". Journal of Health Psychology. 24 (4): 421–439. doi:10.1177/1359105318822045. ISSN 1359-1053. PMC 6712909. PMID 30791726.
Chandra, S.; Shiffman, S.; Scharf, M.; Dang, Q.; Shadel, G. (February 2007). "Daily smoking patterns, their determinants, and implications for quitting". Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 15 (1): 67–80. doi:10.1037/1064-1297.15.1.67. ISSN 1064-1297. PMID 17295586.
Kalkhoran, S; Benowitz, NL; Rigotti, AN (August 2018). "Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Use: JACC Health Promotion Series". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 72 (9). Elsevier for the American College of Cardiology: 1030–45. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.036. ISSN 1558-3597. PMC 6261256. PMID 30139432. S2CID 52077567. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
Rodu, B; Plurphanswat, N (January 2021). "Mortality among male cigar and cigarette smokers in the USA" (PDF). Harm Reduction Journal. 18 (7). BioMed Central: 7. doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00446-4. ISSN 1477-7517. LCCN 2004243422. PMC 7789747. PMID 33413424. S2CID 230800394. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
Nonnemaker, J; Rostron, B; Hall, P; MacMonegle, A; Apelberg, B (September 2014). Morabia, A (ed.). "Mortality and Economic Costs From Regular Cigar Use in the United States, 2010". American Journal of Public Health. 104 (9). American Public Health Association: e86–e91. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301991. eISSN 1541-0048. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 4151956. PMID 25033140. S2CID 207276270.
Shah, RS; Cole, JW (July 2010). "Smoking and stroke: the more you smoke the more you stroke". Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 8 (7). Informa: 917–932. doi:10.1586/erc.10.56. ISSN 1744-8344. PMC 2928253. PMID 20602553. S2CID 207215548.
Laniado-Laborín, Rafael (January 2009). "Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Parallel Epidemics of the 21st Century". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 6 (1: Smoking and Tobacco Control). MDPI: 209–224. doi:10.3390/ijerph6010209. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 2672326. PMID 19440278. S2CID 19615031.
Oh, CK; Murray, LA; Molfino, NL (February 2012). "Smoking and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis". Pulmonary Medicine. 2012. Hindawi Publishing Corporation: 808260. doi:10.1155/2012/808260. ISSN 2090-1844. PMC 3289849. PMID 22448328. S2CID 14090263.
Thun, Michael J.; Jacobs, Eric J.; Shapiro, Jean A. (February 2000). Ganz, Patricia A. (ed.). "Cigar Smoking in Men and Risk of Death From Tobacco-Related Cancers". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 92 (4). Oxford University Press: 333–337. doi:10.1093/jnci/92.4.333. eISSN 1460-2105. ISSN 0027-8874. PMID 10675383. S2CID 7772405. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
Etemadi, Arash; Blount, Benjamin C.; Calafat, Antonia M.; Chang, Cindy M.; De Jesus, Victor R.; Poustchi, Hossein; Wang, Lanqing; Pourshams, Akram; Shakeri, Ramin; Shiels, Meredith S.; Inoue-Choi, Maki; Ambrose, Bridget K.; Christensen, Carol H.; Wang, Baoguang; Ye, Xiaoyun; Murphy, Gwen; Feng, Jun; Xia, Baoyun; Sosnoff, Connie S.; Boffetta, Paolo; Brennan, Paul; Bhandari, Deepak; Kamangar, Farin; Dawsey, Sanford M.; Abnet, Christian C.; Freedman, Neal D.; Malekzadeh, Reza (February 2019). "Urinary Biomarkers of Carcinogenic Exposure among Cigarette, Waterpipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Users and Never Users of Tobacco in the Golestan Cohort Study". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 28 (2). American Association for Cancer Research: 337–347. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0743. eISSN 1538-7755. ISSN 1055-9965. PMC 6935158. PMID 30622099. S2CID 58560832.
Chang, Cindy M.; Corey, Catherine G.; Rostron, Brian L.; Apelberg, Benjamin J. (April 2015). "Systematic review of cigar smoking and all-cause and smoking-related mortality" (PDF). BMC Public Health. 15 (390). BioMed Central: 390. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1617-5. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 4408600. PMID 25907101. S2CID 16482278. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
Albandar, Jasim M.; Adensaya, Margo R.; Streckfus, Charles F.; Winn, Deborah M. (December 2000). "Cigar, Pipe, and Cigarette Smoking as Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss". Journal of Periodontology. 71 (12). American Academy of Periodontology: 1874–1881. doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.12.1874. ISSN 0022-3492. PMID 11156044. S2CID 11598500.
Alarabi, A. B.; Karim, Z. A.; Alshbool, F. Z.; Khasawneh, F. T.; Hernandez, Keziah R.; Lozano, Patricia A.; Montes Ramirez, Jean E.; Rivera, José O. (February 2020). "Short-Term Exposure to Waterpipe/Hookah Smoke Triggers a Hyperactive Platelet Activation State and Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 40 (2). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 335–349. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.313435. ISSN 1079-5642. PMC 7000176. PMID 31941383. S2CID 210335103.
Patel, Mit P.; Khangoora, Vikramjit S.; Marik, Paul E. (October 2019). "A Review of the Pulmonary and Health Impacts of Hookah Use". Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 16 (10). American Thoracic Society: 1215–1219. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201902-129CME. ISSN 2325-6621. PMID 31091965. S2CID 155103502.
Qasim, Hanan; Alarabi, A. B.; Alzoubi, K. H.; Karim, Z. A.; Alshbool, F. Z.; Khasawneh, F. T. (September 2019). "The effects of hookah/waterpipe smoking on general health and the cardiovascular system" (PDF). Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 24 (58). BioMed Central: 58. Bibcode:2019EHPM...24...58Q. doi:10.1186/s12199-019-0811-y. ISSN 1347-4715. PMC 6745078. PMID 31521105. S2CID 202570973. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
Farag, Mohamed A.; Elmassry, Moamen M.; El-Ahmady, Sherweit H. (19 November 2018). "The characterization of flavored hookahs aroma profile and in response to heating as analyzed via headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and chemometrics". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 17028. Bibcode:2018NatSR...817028F. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35368-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6242864. PMID 30451904.
Carrell, Severin; correspondent, Scotland (12 December 2012). "Scotland to ban cigarette displays in shops after court challenge fails". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
Lindeman, Tracey (1 August 2023). "'Poison in every puff': Canada puts health warnings on individual cigarettes". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
Swan, G. C.; Carmelli, D.; Rosenman, R. H.; Fabsitz, R. R.; Christian, J. C. (1990). "Smoking and alcohol consumption in adult male twins: genetic heritability and shared environmental influences" (Free full text). Journal of Substance Abuse. 2 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1016/S0899-3289(05)80044-6. ISSN 0899-3289. PMID 2136102. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
Rosen, Laura J.; Galili, Tal; Kott, Jeffrey; Goodman, Mark; Freedman, Laurence S. (January 2018). "Diminishing benefit of smoking cessation medications during the first year: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Addiction. 113 (5). Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Society for the Study of Addiction: 805–816. doi:10.1111/add.14134. ISSN 0965-2140. PMC 5947828. PMID 29377409. S2CID 4764039.

www2.gov.scot

Scottish Government, St Andrew's House (21 January 2013). "Tobacco Display Ban Guidance". www2.gov.scot. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.

you-and-cigarettes.blogspot.com

Helen C. Alvarez (28 March 2014). "You and Cigarettes". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.