Tocharian languages (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Tocharian languages" in English language version.

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academia.edu

Kim, Ronald I. (2018). "One Hundred Years of Re-Reconstruction: Hittite, Tocharian, and the Continuing Revision of Proto-Indo-European". In Rieken, Elisabeth (ed.). 100 Jahre Entzifferung des Hethitischen. Morphosyntaktische Kategorien in Sprachgeschichte und Forschung. Akten der Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 21. bis 23. September 2015 in Marburg. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag. p. 170 (footnote 44). Retrieved 13 September 2019.

archive.org

Diringer, David (1953) [1948]. The Alphabet: A Key to the History of Mankind (Second and revised ed.). London: Hutchinson's Scientific and Technical Publications. pp. 347–348.
Mallory & Mair 2000. Mallory, J.P.; Mair, Victor H. (2000), The Tarim Mummies, London: Thames & Hudson, ISBN 0-500-05101-1.
Mallory & Mair (2000), pp. 281–282. Mallory, J.P.; Mair, Victor H. (2000), The Tarim Mummies, London: Thames & Hudson, ISBN 0-500-05101-1.
Le Coq, Albert von; Waldschmidt, Ernst (1922). Die buddhistische spätantike in Mittelasien, VI. Berlin, D. Reimer [etc.] pp. 68–70.
Mallory & Mair (2000), pp. 280–281. Mallory, J.P.; Mair, Victor H. (2000), The Tarim Mummies, London: Thames & Hudson, ISBN 0-500-05101-1.
Mallory & Mair (2000), pp. 281. Mallory, J.P.; Mair, Victor H. (2000), The Tarim Mummies, London: Thames & Hudson, ISBN 0-500-05101-1.
Hansen (2012), p. 72 "In fact, we know that the Yuezhi used Bactrian, an Iranian language written in Greek characters, as an official language. For this reason, Tocharian is a misnomer; no extant evidence suggests that the residents of the Tocharistan region of Afghanistan spoke the Tocharian language recorded in the documents found in the Kucha region." Hansen, Valerie (2012), The Silk Road: A New History, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-515931-8.
Mallory, J.P.; Adams, Douglas Q., eds. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 509. ISBN 978-1-884964-98-5.
Hansen (2012), pp. 71–72. Hansen, Valerie (2012), The Silk Road: A New History, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-515931-8.
Daniels (1996), p. 531. Daniels, Peter (1996), The Worlds Writing Systems, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-507993-0.
Mallory & Mair (2000), p. 274. Mallory, J.P.; Mair, Victor H. (2000), The Tarim Mummies, London: Thames & Hudson, ISBN 0-500-05101-1.
Mallory & Mair (2000), pp. 67, 68. Mallory, J.P.; Mair, Victor H. (2000), The Tarim Mummies, London: Thames & Hudson, ISBN 0-500-05101-1.
Hertel, Herbert (1982). Along the Ancient Silk Routes: Central Asian Art from the West Berlin State Museums. pp. 55–56.

books.google.com

Anthony, David W. (2010). The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World. Princeton University Press. pp. 264–265, 308. ISBN 978-1400831104.
Image 16 in Yaldiz, Marianne (1987). Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte Chinesisch-Zentralasiens (Xinjiang) [Archeology and Art History of Sino-Central Asia (Xinjiang)] (in German). Brill. p. xv. ISBN 978-90-04-07877-2.
"The images of donors in Cave 17 are seen in two fragments with numbers MIK 8875 and MIK 8876. One of them with halo may be identified as king of Kucha." in Ghose, Rajeshwari (2008). Kizil on the Silk Road: Crossroads of Commerce & Meeting of Minds. Marg Publications. p. 127, note 22. ISBN 978-81-85026-85-5. "The panel of Tocharian donors and Buddhist monks, which was at the MIK (MIK 8875) disappeared during World War II and was discovered by Yaldiz in 2002 in the Hermitage Museum" page 65, note 30
Härtel, Herbert; Yaldiz, Marianne (1982). Along the Ancient Silk Routes: Central Asian Art from the West Berlin State Museums : an Exhibition Lent by the Museum Für Indische Kunst, Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-87099-300-8.
The label at his feet reads: "The Painter Tutuka" in Härtel, Herbert; Yaldiz, Marianne; Kunst (Germany), Museum für Indische; N.Y.), Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York (1982). Along the Ancient Silk Routes: Central Asian Art from the West Berlin State Museums : an Exhibition Lent by the Museum Für Indische Kunst, Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-87099-300-8.
Baldi, Philip (1999). The Foundations of Latin. Walter de Gruyter. p. 39. ISBN 978-3-11-016294-3.
Adams, Douglas Q.; Peyrot, Michaël; Pinault, Georges-Jean; Olander, Thomas; Rasmussen, Jens Elmegård (2013). "More Thoughts on Tocharian B Prosody" in "Tocharian and Indo-European Studies vol.14". Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 26–28. ISBN 978-87-635-4066-7.

brill.com

Peyrot, Michaël (2019-12-02). "The deviant typological profile of the Tocharian branch of Indo-European may be due to Uralic substrate influence". Indo-European Linguistics. 7 (1): 72–121. doi:10.1163/22125892-00701007. hdl:1887/139205. ISSN 2212-5884. S2CID 213924514. Tocharian agglutinative case inflexion as well as its single series of voiceless stops, the two most striking typological deviations from Proto-Indo-European, can be explained through influence from Uralic. A number of other typological features of Tocharian may likewise be interpreted as due to contact with a Uralic language. The supposed contacts are likely to be associated with the Afanas'evo Culture of South Siberia. This Indo-European culture probably represents an intermediate phase in the movement of speakers of early Tocharian from the Proto-Indo-European homeland in the Eastern European steppe to the Tarim Basin in Northwest China. At the same time, the Proto-Samoyedic homeland must have been in or close to the Afanas'evo area. A close match between the Pre-Proto-Tocharian and Pre-Proto-Samoyedic vowel systems is a strong indication that the Uralic contact language was an early form of Samoyedic.

britannica.com

"Tocharian A | language | Britannica".

collinsdictionary.com

"Tocharian definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved 2019-10-18.

credoreference.com

search.credoreference.com

"Tocharian | the Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism – Credo Reference".

doi.org

Narasimhan, Vagheesh M.; Patterson, Nick; Moorjani, Priya; Rohland, Nadin; Bernardos, Rebecca (2019). "The Formation of Human Populations in South and Central Asia". Science. 365 (6457). eaat7487. doi:10.1126/science.aat7487. PMC 6822619. PMID 31488661.
Peyrot, Michaël (2019). "The Deviant Typological Profile of the Tocharian Branch of Indo-European May Be Due to Uralic Substrate Influence". Indo-European Linguistics. 7 (1): 72–121. doi:10.1163/22125892-00701007. hdl:1887/139205.
Henning (1938), pp. 559–561. Henning, W.B. (1938), "Argi and the 'Tokharians'", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 9 (3): 545–571, doi:10.1017/S0041977X0007837X, JSTOR 608222, S2CID 161147644.
Wright, J.C. (1999). "Review: Fragments of the Tocharian A Maitreyasamiti-Nāṭaka of the Xinjiang Museum, China. In Collaboration with Werner Winter and Georges-Jean Pinault by Ji Xianlin". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 62 (2): 367–370. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00017079. JSTOR 3107526. S2CID 246638642.
Dragoni, Federico; Schoubben, Niels; Peyrot, Michaël (2020). "The Formal Kharoṣṭhī script from the Northern Tarim Basin in Northwest China may write an Iranian language". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 73 (3): 335–373. doi:10.1556/062.2020.00015. hdl:1887/139192.
Bouckaert, Remco; Lemey, Philippe; Dunn, Michael; Greenhill, Simon J.; Alekseyenko, Alexander V.; Drummond, Alexei J.; Gray, Russell D.; Suchard, Marc A.; Atkinson, Quentin D. (2012). "Mapping the Origins and Expansion of the Indo-European Language Family". Science. 337 (6097): 957–960. Bibcode:2012Sci...337..957B. doi:10.1126/science.1219669. PMC 4112997. PMID 22923579.
Bjørn, Rasmus G. (2022). "Indo-European loanwords and exchange in Bronze Age Central and East Asia: Six new perspectives on prehistoric exchange in the Eastern Steppe Zone". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 4: e23. doi:10.1017/ehs.2022.16. ISSN 2513-843X. PMC 10432883. PMID 37599704. S2CID 248358873.
Peyrot, Michaël (2019-12-02). "The deviant typological profile of the Tocharian branch of Indo-European may be due to Uralic substrate influence". Indo-European Linguistics. 7 (1): 72–121. doi:10.1163/22125892-00701007. hdl:1887/139205. ISSN 2212-5884. S2CID 213924514. Tocharian agglutinative case inflexion as well as its single series of voiceless stops, the two most striking typological deviations from Proto-Indo-European, can be explained through influence from Uralic. A number of other typological features of Tocharian may likewise be interpreted as due to contact with a Uralic language. The supposed contacts are likely to be associated with the Afanas'evo Culture of South Siberia. This Indo-European culture probably represents an intermediate phase in the movement of speakers of early Tocharian from the Proto-Indo-European homeland in the Eastern European steppe to the Tarim Basin in Northwest China. At the same time, the Proto-Samoyedic homeland must have been in or close to the Afanas'evo area. A close match between the Pre-Proto-Tocharian and Pre-Proto-Samoyedic vowel systems is a strong indication that the Uralic contact language was an early form of Samoyedic.
Bjørn, Rasmus G. (2022). "Indo-European loanwords and exchange in Bronze Age Central and East Asia: Six new perspectives on prehistoric exchange in the Eastern Steppe Zone". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 4: e23. doi:10.1017/ehs.2022.16. ISSN 2513-843X. PMC 10432883. PMID 37599704. S2CID 248358873.

e-anthropology.com

Klejn, L. S. Л. С. Клейн (2000). "Migratsiya tokharov v svete arkheologii" Миграция тохаров в свете археологии [Migration of Tokharians in the Light of Archaeological Data]. Stratum Plus (in Russian). 2000 (2): 178–187.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Peyrot, Michaël (2019). "The Deviant Typological Profile of the Tocharian Branch of Indo-European May Be Due to Uralic Substrate Influence". Indo-European Linguistics. 7 (1): 72–121. doi:10.1163/22125892-00701007. hdl:1887/139205.
Dragoni, Federico; Schoubben, Niels; Peyrot, Michaël (2020). "The Formal Kharoṣṭhī script from the Northern Tarim Basin in Northwest China may write an Iranian language". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 73 (3): 335–373. doi:10.1556/062.2020.00015. hdl:1887/139192.
Peyrot, Michaël (2019-12-02). "The deviant typological profile of the Tocharian branch of Indo-European may be due to Uralic substrate influence". Indo-European Linguistics. 7 (1): 72–121. doi:10.1163/22125892-00701007. hdl:1887/139205. ISSN 2212-5884. S2CID 213924514. Tocharian agglutinative case inflexion as well as its single series of voiceless stops, the two most striking typological deviations from Proto-Indo-European, can be explained through influence from Uralic. A number of other typological features of Tocharian may likewise be interpreted as due to contact with a Uralic language. The supposed contacts are likely to be associated with the Afanas'evo Culture of South Siberia. This Indo-European culture probably represents an intermediate phase in the movement of speakers of early Tocharian from the Proto-Indo-European homeland in the Eastern European steppe to the Tarim Basin in Northwest China. At the same time, the Proto-Samoyedic homeland must have been in or close to the Afanas'evo area. A close match between the Pre-Proto-Tocharian and Pre-Proto-Samoyedic vowel systems is a strong indication that the Uralic contact language was an early form of Samoyedic.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Bouckaert, Remco; Lemey, Philippe; Dunn, Michael; Greenhill, Simon J.; Alekseyenko, Alexander V.; Drummond, Alexei J.; Gray, Russell D.; Suchard, Marc A.; Atkinson, Quentin D. (2012). "Mapping the Origins and Expansion of the Indo-European Language Family". Science. 337 (6097): 957–960. Bibcode:2012Sci...337..957B. doi:10.1126/science.1219669. PMC 4112997. PMID 22923579.

iranicaonline.org

Michaël Peyrot (2015), TOCHARIAN LANGUAGE iranicaonline.org

jstor.org

Henning (1938), pp. 559–561. Henning, W.B. (1938), "Argi and the 'Tokharians'", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 9 (3): 545–571, doi:10.1017/S0041977X0007837X, JSTOR 608222, S2CID 161147644.
Wright, J.C. (1999). "Review: Fragments of the Tocharian A Maitreyasamiti-Nāṭaka of the Xinjiang Museum, China. In Collaboration with Werner Winter and Georges-Jean Pinault by Ji Xianlin". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 62 (2): 367–370. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00017079. JSTOR 3107526. S2CID 246638642.
MUZIO, CIRO LO (2008). "Remarks on the Paintings from the Buddhist Monastery of Fayaz Tepe (Southern Uzbekistan)". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 22: 202, note 45. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049243.

kyoto-u.ac.jp

repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Kageyama, Etsuko (2016). "Change of suspension systems of daggers and swords in eastern Eurasia: Its relation to the Hephthalite occupation of Central Asia" (PDF). ZINBUN. 46: 200–202.

littlebleenhat.github.io

"World Atlas of Poetic Traditions: Tocharian".

merriam-webster.com

"Definition of TOCHARIAN". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2019-10-18.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Narasimhan, Vagheesh M.; Patterson, Nick; Moorjani, Priya; Rohland, Nadin; Bernardos, Rebecca (2019). "The Formation of Human Populations in South and Central Asia". Science. 365 (6457). eaat7487. doi:10.1126/science.aat7487. PMC 6822619. PMID 31488661.
Bouckaert, Remco; Lemey, Philippe; Dunn, Michael; Greenhill, Simon J.; Alekseyenko, Alexander V.; Drummond, Alexei J.; Gray, Russell D.; Suchard, Marc A.; Atkinson, Quentin D. (2012). "Mapping the Origins and Expansion of the Indo-European Language Family". Science. 337 (6097): 957–960. Bibcode:2012Sci...337..957B. doi:10.1126/science.1219669. PMC 4112997. PMID 22923579.
Bjørn, Rasmus G. (2022). "Indo-European loanwords and exchange in Bronze Age Central and East Asia: Six new perspectives on prehistoric exchange in the Eastern Steppe Zone". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 4: e23. doi:10.1017/ehs.2022.16. ISSN 2513-843X. PMC 10432883. PMID 37599704. S2CID 248358873.
Bjørn, Rasmus G. (2022). "Indo-European loanwords and exchange in Bronze Age Central and East Asia: Six new perspectives on prehistoric exchange in the Eastern Steppe Zone". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 4: e23. doi:10.1017/ehs.2022.16. ISSN 2513-843X. PMC 10432883. PMID 37599704. S2CID 248358873.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Narasimhan, Vagheesh M.; Patterson, Nick; Moorjani, Priya; Rohland, Nadin; Bernardos, Rebecca (2019). "The Formation of Human Populations in South and Central Asia". Science. 365 (6457). eaat7487. doi:10.1126/science.aat7487. PMC 6822619. PMID 31488661.
Bouckaert, Remco; Lemey, Philippe; Dunn, Michael; Greenhill, Simon J.; Alekseyenko, Alexander V.; Drummond, Alexei J.; Gray, Russell D.; Suchard, Marc A.; Atkinson, Quentin D. (2012). "Mapping the Origins and Expansion of the Indo-European Language Family". Science. 337 (6097): 957–960. Bibcode:2012Sci...337..957B. doi:10.1126/science.1219669. PMC 4112997. PMID 22923579.
Bjørn, Rasmus G. (2022). "Indo-European loanwords and exchange in Bronze Age Central and East Asia: Six new perspectives on prehistoric exchange in the Eastern Steppe Zone". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 4: e23. doi:10.1017/ehs.2022.16. ISSN 2513-843X. PMC 10432883. PMID 37599704. S2CID 248358873.
Bjørn, Rasmus G. (2022). "Indo-European loanwords and exchange in Bronze Age Central and East Asia: Six new perspectives on prehistoric exchange in the Eastern Steppe Zone". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 4: e23. doi:10.1017/ehs.2022.16. ISSN 2513-843X. PMC 10432883. PMID 37599704. S2CID 248358873.

nii.ac.jp

dsr.nii.ac.jp

Le Coq, Albert von. Die Buddhistische Spätantike in Mittelasien : vol.5. p. 10.

oaji.net

Kurbanov, Aydogdy (2014). "The Hephthalites: Iconographical Materials" (PDF). Tyragetia. 8: 324.

penn.museum

Mallory, J. P. (2010). "Bronze Age Languages of the Tarim Basin" (PDF). Expedition. 52 (3): 44–53. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-09. Retrieved 2012-03-21.

salon.com

"Fragments of the Tocharian", Andrew Leonard, How the World Works, Salon.com, January 29, 2008. Archived 2008-02-01 at the Wayback Machine

scribd.com

Rowland, Benjamin (1970). The Art of Central Asia. p. 104. Archived from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2020-11-19.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Henning (1938), pp. 559–561. Henning, W.B. (1938), "Argi and the 'Tokharians'", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 9 (3): 545–571, doi:10.1017/S0041977X0007837X, JSTOR 608222, S2CID 161147644.
Wright, J.C. (1999). "Review: Fragments of the Tocharian A Maitreyasamiti-Nāṭaka of the Xinjiang Museum, China. In Collaboration with Werner Winter and Georges-Jean Pinault by Ji Xianlin". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 62 (2): 367–370. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00017079. JSTOR 3107526. S2CID 246638642.
Bjørn, Rasmus G. (2022). "Indo-European loanwords and exchange in Bronze Age Central and East Asia: Six new perspectives on prehistoric exchange in the Eastern Steppe Zone". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 4: e23. doi:10.1017/ehs.2022.16. ISSN 2513-843X. PMC 10432883. PMID 37599704. S2CID 248358873.
Peyrot, Michaël (2019-12-02). "The deviant typological profile of the Tocharian branch of Indo-European may be due to Uralic substrate influence". Indo-European Linguistics. 7 (1): 72–121. doi:10.1163/22125892-00701007. hdl:1887/139205. ISSN 2212-5884. S2CID 213924514. Tocharian agglutinative case inflexion as well as its single series of voiceless stops, the two most striking typological deviations from Proto-Indo-European, can be explained through influence from Uralic. A number of other typological features of Tocharian may likewise be interpreted as due to contact with a Uralic language. The supposed contacts are likely to be associated with the Afanas'evo Culture of South Siberia. This Indo-European culture probably represents an intermediate phase in the movement of speakers of early Tocharian from the Proto-Indo-European homeland in the Eastern European steppe to the Tarim Basin in Northwest China. At the same time, the Proto-Samoyedic homeland must have been in or close to the Afanas'evo area. A close match between the Pre-Proto-Tocharian and Pre-Proto-Samoyedic vowel systems is a strong indication that the Uralic contact language was an early form of Samoyedic.
Bjørn, Rasmus G. (2022). "Indo-European loanwords and exchange in Bronze Age Central and East Asia: Six new perspectives on prehistoric exchange in the Eastern Steppe Zone". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 4: e23. doi:10.1017/ehs.2022.16. ISSN 2513-843X. PMC 10432883. PMID 37599704. S2CID 248358873.

sinica.edu.tw

www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw

Henning (1949), p. 161: "At the same time we can now finally dispose of the name 'Tokharian'. This misnomer has been supported by three reasons, all of them now discredited." —— (1949), "The name of the 'Tokharian' language" (PDF), Asia Major, New Series, vol. 1, pp. 158–162.

sino-platonic.org

Walter, Mariko Namba (1998). "Tokharian Buddhism in Kucha: Buddhism of Indo-European Centum Speakers in Chinese Turkestan before the 10th Century C.E." (PDF). Sino-Platonic Papers. 85: 2–4.
Mallory, J. P. "The Problem of Tocharian Origins: An Archaeological Perspective" (PDF). Sino-Platonic Papers. 259.

sohu.com

References BDce-888、889, MIK III 8875, now in the Hermitage Museum.Sheng dao wenhua zazhi (2020-01-30). "É lì ài ěr mǐ tǎ shén bó wù guǎn cáng kè zī ěr shí kū bì huà" 俄立艾爾米塔什博物館藏克孜爾石窟壁畫. sohu.com (in Chinese).

tue.nl

win.tue.nl

"A dictionary of Tocharian B". www.win.tue.nl.

tufts.edu

perseus.tufts.edu

Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879). "Cato". Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Căto. A Latin Dictionary. Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07 – via the Perseus Project.
Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879). "catus". Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, C , cătillātĭo , cătus. A Latin Dictionary. Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07 – via the Perseus Project.

uni-goettingen.de

spw.uni-goettingen.de

Carling, Gerd (Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen). "Tocharian (p.16)" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

upenn.edu

languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu

Adams, Douglas Q. (25 September 2019). "'Tocharian C' Again: The Plot Thickens and the Mystery Deepens". Language Log. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
"Language Log » Tocharian C: its discovery and implications". Retrieved 2019-04-04.
"Language Log » Tocharian love poem".

utexas.edu

lrc.la.utexas.edu

"Introduction to Tocharian".
Krause, Todd B.; Slocum, Jonathan. "Tocharian Online: Series Introduction". University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 17 April 2020.

washington.edu

depts.washington.edu

Waugh, Daniel C. (Historian, University of Washington). "MIA Berlin: Turfan Collection: Kizil". depts.washington.edu.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

web.archive.org

Mallory, J. P. (2010). "Bronze Age Languages of the Tarim Basin" (PDF). Expedition. 52 (3): 44–53. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-09. Retrieved 2012-03-21.
"Fragments of the Tocharian", Andrew Leonard, How the World Works, Salon.com, January 29, 2008. Archived 2008-02-01 at the Wayback Machine
Rowland, Benjamin (1970). The Art of Central Asia. p. 104. Archived from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2020-11-19.
Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879). "Cato". Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Căto. A Latin Dictionary. Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07 – via the Perseus Project.
Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879). "catus". Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, C , cătillātĭo , cătus. A Latin Dictionary. Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07 – via the Perseus Project.

worldcat.org

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Bjørn, Rasmus G. (2022). "Indo-European loanwords and exchange in Bronze Age Central and East Asia: Six new perspectives on prehistoric exchange in the Eastern Steppe Zone". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 4: e23. doi:10.1017/ehs.2022.16. ISSN 2513-843X. PMC 10432883. PMID 37599704. S2CID 248358873.
Peyrot, Michaël (2019-12-02). "The deviant typological profile of the Tocharian branch of Indo-European may be due to Uralic substrate influence". Indo-European Linguistics. 7 (1): 72–121. doi:10.1163/22125892-00701007. hdl:1887/139205. ISSN 2212-5884. S2CID 213924514. Tocharian agglutinative case inflexion as well as its single series of voiceless stops, the two most striking typological deviations from Proto-Indo-European, can be explained through influence from Uralic. A number of other typological features of Tocharian may likewise be interpreted as due to contact with a Uralic language. The supposed contacts are likely to be associated with the Afanas'evo Culture of South Siberia. This Indo-European culture probably represents an intermediate phase in the movement of speakers of early Tocharian from the Proto-Indo-European homeland in the Eastern European steppe to the Tarim Basin in Northwest China. At the same time, the Proto-Samoyedic homeland must have been in or close to the Afanas'evo area. A close match between the Pre-Proto-Tocharian and Pre-Proto-Samoyedic vowel systems is a strong indication that the Uralic contact language was an early form of Samoyedic.
Bjørn, Rasmus G. (2022). "Indo-European loanwords and exchange in Bronze Age Central and East Asia: Six new perspectives on prehistoric exchange in the Eastern Steppe Zone". Evolutionary Human Sciences. 4: e23. doi:10.1017/ehs.2022.16. ISSN 2513-843X. PMC 10432883. PMID 37599704. S2CID 248358873.