Tool use by non-humans (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Tool use by non-humans" in English language version.

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10000birds.com

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animalbehaviorandcognition.org

Bandini, Elisa; Bandini, Margherita; Tennie, Claudio (February 2021). "A Short Report on the Extent of Stone Handling Behavior Across Otter Species". Animal Behavior and Cognition. 8 (1): 15–22. doi:10.26451/abc.08.01.02.2021.

answers.com

"Common Tailorbird". Answers.com. Retrieved July 22, 2013.

archive.org

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archive.today

"Tailorbird". Animal Planet. Archived from the original on July 22, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2013.

archives-ouvertes.fr

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Maák, I., Lőrinczi, G., Le Quinquis, P., Módra, G., Bovet, D., Call, J. and d'Ettorre, P. (2017). "Tool selection during foraging in two species of funnel ants". Animal Behaviour. 123: 207–216. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.11.005. hdl:10023/12238. S2CID 53177821.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

australiangeographic.com.au

"Dingoes use tools to solve novel problems". australiangeographic.com.au. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012.

avocetta.org

"Prey-dropping behavior in Sooty Gull". Retrieved April 2, 2020.

bandedmongoose.org

Müller, C.A. (2010). "Do anvil-using banded mongooses understand means-end relationships? A field experiment" (PDF). Animal Cognition. 13 (2): 325–330. doi:10.1007/s10071-009-0281-5. PMID 19771457. S2CID 24507416.^{[permanent dead link]}

bath.ac.uk

opus.bath.ac.uk

Rutz, C.; et al. (2016). "Discovery of species-wide tool use in the Hawaiian crow" (PDF). Nature. 537 (7620): 403–407. Bibcode:2016Natur.537..403R. doi:10.1038/nature19103. hdl:10023/10465. PMID 27629645. S2CID 205250218.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Chimpanzees 'hunt using spears'". BBC. February 22, 2007. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
Walker, M. (December 24, 2009). "Chimps use cleavers and anvils as tools to chop food". BBC. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
Bourton, J. (January 13, 2010). "Clever stingray fish use tools to solve problems". BBC News. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
"Octopus snatches coconut and runs". BBC. December 14, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2024.

bbc.co.uk

Gill, Victoria (July 22, 2011). "Mandrill monkey makes 'pedicuring' tool". BBC. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
Warwicker, M. (2012). "Cockatoo shows tool-making skills". BBC Nature. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
Warwicker, Michelle. "Cockatoo shows tool-making skills". BBC Nature. Retrieved November 7, 2012.

bbc.com

Baraniuk, Chris (December 12, 2020). "Crows could be the smartest animal other than primates". www.bbc.com. Retrieved August 31, 2020.

berkeley.edu

nature.berkeley.edu

Oinuma, C., (2008). "Octopus mercatoris response behaviour to novel objects in a laboratory setting: Evidence of play and tool use behavior?" In Octopus Tool Use and Play Behavior[1]

biozoojournals.ro

"Prey dropping behaviour in Black-headed gull" (PDF). Retrieved April 2, 2020.

books.google.com

Ghoshal, Kingshuck, ed. (2011). DK Eyewitness Books: Predator. New York: DK Publishing. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-7566-8267-5.
Hunt, Gavin R.; Gray, Russel D.; Taylor, Alex H. (2013). "Why is tool use rare in animals?". In Sanz, Crickette M.; Call, Josep; Boesch, Christophe (eds.). Tool Use in Animals: Cognition and Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-107-01119-9.
Sociobiology: The New Synthesis by Edward O. Wilson, p. 172; published 2000, by Harvard University Press (via Google Books)

brill.com

Bentley-Condit, Vicki; Smith (2010). "Animal tool use: current definitions and an updated comprehensive catalog". Behaviour. 147 (2): 185–32A. doi:10.1163/000579509X12512865686555. ISSN 0005-7959.
Zach, Reto (January 1, 1978). "Selection and Dropping of Whelks By Northwestern Crows". Behaviour. 67 (1–2): 134–147. doi:10.1163/156853978X00297. ISSN 0005-7959.

britannica.com

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cambridge.org

Tomasello, Michael; Kruger, Ann Cale; Ratner, Hilary Horn (September 1993). "Cultural learning". Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 16 (3): 495–511. doi:10.1017/S0140525X0003123X. ISSN 0140-525X. S2CID 246245225.

care2.com

Graef, A. (September 16, 2016). "Scientists discover tool use in brilliant Hawaiian crow". Care2. Archived from the original on July 11, 2019. Retrieved September 18, 2016.

clemetzoo.com

"Bonobos". ApeTag. 2010. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2013.

cornell.edu

birds.cornell.edu

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csic.es

digital.csic.es

Stoyanova, Y.; Stefanov, N.; Schmutz, J.K. (2010). "Twig used as a tool by the Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus)" (PDF). Journal of Raptor Research. 44 (2): 154–156. doi:10.3356/JRR-09-20.1. hdl:10261/65850. S2CID 85076656.

degruyter.com

Beck, Benjamin Β. (December 31, 1975), "Primate Tool Behavior", Socioecology and Psychology of Primates, DE GRUYTER MOUTON, pp. 413–448, doi:10.1515/9783110803839.413, ISBN 978-90-279-7709-0, retrieved October 27, 2021

discovery.com

animal.discovery.com

"Tailorbird". Animal Planet. Archived from the original on July 22, 2013. Retrieved July 22, 2013.

doi.org

Finn, Julian K.; Tregenza, Tom; Norman, Mark D. (2009). "Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus". Curr. Biol. 19 (23): R1069 – R1070. Bibcode:2009CBio...19R1069F. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.10.052. PMID 20064403. S2CID 26835945.
Jones, T. B.; Kamil, A. C. (1973). "Tool-making and tool-using in the northern blue jay". Science. 180 (4090): 1076–1078. Bibcode:1973Sci...180.1076J. doi:10.1126/science.180.4090.1076. PMID 17806587. S2CID 22011846.
Mannu, M.; Ottoni, E.B. (2009). "The enhanced tool-kit of two groups of monkeys in the Caatinga: tool making, associative use, and secondary tools". American Journal of Primatology. 71 (3): 242–251. doi:10.1002/ajp.20642. PMID 19051323. S2CID 3479020.
Mulcahy, N.J.; Call, J.; Dunbar, R.I.B. (2005). "Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) encode relevant problem features in a tool-using task". Journal of Comparative Psychology. 119 (1): 23–32. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.581.5204. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.119.1.23. PMID 15740427.
Pierce, J.D. (1986). "A review of tool use in insects". The Florida Entomologist. 69 (1): 95–104. doi:10.2307/3494748. JSTOR 3494748.
Henry, Pierre-Yves; Jean-Christophe Aznar (June 2006). "Tool-use in Charadrii: Active Bait-Fishing by a Herring Gull". Waterbirds. 29 (2): 233–234. doi:10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[233:TICABB]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1524-4695. S2CID 85738152.
Bandini, Elisa; Tennie, Claudio (2020). "Exploring the role of individual learning in animal tool-use". PeerJ. 8 (e9877): e9877. doi:10.7717/peerj.9877. PMC 7521350. PMID 33033659.
Bernstein-Kurtycz, Laura; Hopper, Lydia; Ross, Steve; Tennie, Claudio (2020). "Zoo-Housed Chimpanzees Can Spontaneously Use Tool Sets But Perseverate on Previously Successful Tool-Use Methods". Animal Behavior and Cognition. 7 (3): 288–309. doi:10.26451/abc.07.03.03.2020.
Boesch, C. & Boesch, H. (1990). "Tool use and tool making in wild chimpanzees" (PDF). Folia Primatol. 54 (1–2): 86–99. doi:10.1159/000156428. PMID 2157651. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 24, 2012.
Van Schaik, C.; Fox, E.; Sitompul, A. (1996). "Manufacture and use of tools in wild Sumatran orangutans". Naturwissenschaften. 83 (4): 186–188. doi:10.1007/s001140050271 (inactive November 1, 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Pascual-Garrido, Alejandra; Carvalho, Susana; Mjungu, Deus; Schulz-Kornas, Ellen; Casteren, Adam van (March 24, 2025). "Engineering skills in the manufacture of tools by wild chimpanzees". iScience. 28 (4). doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.112158. ISSN 2589-0042.
Gruber, T.; Clay, Z.; Zuberbühler, K. (2010). "A comparison of bonobo and chimpanzee tool use: evidence for a female bias in the Pan lineage" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 80 (6): 1023–1033. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.09.005. S2CID 14923158.
Pruetz, J. D.; Bertolani, P.; Ontl, K. Boyer; Lindshield, S.; Shelley, M.; Wessling, E. G. (April 1, 2015). "New evidence on the tool-assisted hunting exhibited by chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus ) in a savannah habitat at Fongoli, Sénégal". Royal Society Open Science. 2 (4): 140507. Bibcode:2015RSOS....240507P. doi:10.1098/rsos.140507. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 4448863. PMID 26064638. Savannah chimpanzees (P. t. verus) at Fongoli, Sénégal are the only known non-human population that systematically hunts vertebrate prey with tools…
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Bower, Bruce (May 7, 2011). "Borneo Orangs Fish for Their Dinner: Behavior Suggests Early Human Ancestors Were Piscivores". Science News. 179 (10): 16. doi:10.1002/scin.5591791014. (subscription required)
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Breuer, T.; Ndoundou-Hockemba, M.; Fishlock, V. (2005). "First observation of tool use in wild gorillas". PLOS Biol. 3 (11): e380. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030380. PMC 1236726. PMID 16187795.
Fontaine, B., Moisson, P.Y. and Wickings, E.J. (1995). "Observations of spontaneous tool making and tool use in a captive group of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)". Folia Primatologica. 65 (4): 219–223. doi:10.1159/000156892. Retrieved June 8, 2014.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Nakamichi, M. (July 1999). "Spontaneous use of sticks as tools by captive gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)". Primates. 40 (3): 487–498. doi:10.1007/BF02557584. S2CID 41542232.
Bentley-Condit, Vicki; Smith (2010). "Animal tool use: current definitions and an updated comprehensive catalog". Behaviour. 147 (2): 185–32A. doi:10.1163/000579509X12512865686555. ISSN 0005-7959.
Beck, Benjamin Β. (December 31, 1975), "Primate Tool Behavior", Socioecology and Psychology of Primates, DE GRUYTER MOUTON, pp. 413–448, doi:10.1515/9783110803839.413, ISBN 978-90-279-7709-0, retrieved October 27, 2021
Westergaard, G.C.; et al. (1998). "Why some capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) use probing tools (and others do not)". Journal of Comparative Psychology. 112 (2): 207–211. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.112.2.207. PMID 9642788.
Visalberghi, E; et al. (1995). "(1995). Performance in a tool-using task by common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), bonobos (Pan paniscus), an orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), and capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)". Journal of Comparative Psychology. 109 (1): 52–60. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.109.1.52. PMID 7705062.
Cummins-Sebree, S.E.; Fragaszy, D. (2005). "Choosing and using tools: Capuchins (Cebus apella) use a different metric than tamarins (Saguinus oedipus)". Journal of Comparative Psychology. 119 (2): 210–219. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.119.2.210. PMID 15982164.
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Alfaro, Lynch; Silva, J.S.; Rylands, A.B. (2012). "How different are robust and gracile capuchin monkeys? an argument for the use of Sapajus and Cebus". American Journal of Primatology. 74 (4): 273–286. doi:10.1002/ajp.22007. PMID 22328205. S2CID 18840598.
Ottoni, E.B.; Izar, P. (2008). "Capuchin monkey tool use: Overview and implications". Evolutionary Anthropology. 17 (4): 171–178. doi:10.1002/evan.20185. S2CID 83604383.
Ottoni, E.B.; Mannu, M. (2001). "Semifree-ranging tufted capuchins (Cebus apella) spontaneously use tools to crack open nuts". International Journal of Primatology. 22 (3): 347–358. doi:10.1023/A:1010747426841. S2CID 29768277.
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Tomasello, Michael; Kruger, Ann Cale; Ratner, Hilary Horn (September 1993). "Cultural learning". Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 16 (3): 495–511. doi:10.1017/S0140525X0003123X. ISSN 0140-525X. S2CID 246245225.
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Mann, J.; Sargeant, B. (2003). "Like mother, like calf: the ontogeny of foraging traditions in wild Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.)". The Biology of Traditions: Models and Evidence: 236–266. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511584022.010. ISBN 9780521815970.
Krutzen, M; Kreicker, S.; MacLeod, C.D.; Learmonth, J.; Kopps, A.M.; Walsham, P.; Allen, S.J. (2014). "Cultural transmission of tool use by Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) provides access to a novel foraging niche". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1784): 20140374. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0374. PMC 4043097. PMID 24759862.
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Fragaszy, D.; Izar, P.; Visalberghi, E.; Ottoni, E.B.; de Oliveira, M.G. (2004). "Wild capuchin monkeys (Cebus libidinosus) use anvils and stone pounding tools". American Journal of Primatology. 64 (4): 359–366. doi:10.1002/ajp.20085. PMID 15580579. S2CID 16222308.
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Gumert, MD; Kluck, M.; Malaivijitnond, S. (2009). "The physical characteristics and usage patterns of stone axe and pounding hammers used by long-tailed macaques in the Andaman Sea region of Thailand". American Journal of Primatology. 71 (7): 594–608. doi:10.1002/ajp.20694. PMID 19405083. S2CID 22384150.
Pal, Arijit; Kumara, Honnavalli N.; Mishra, Partha Sarathi; Velankar, Avadhoot D.; Singh, Mewa (March 2018). "Extractive foraging and tool-aided behaviors in the wild Nicobar long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis umbrosus)". Primates. 59 (2): 173–183. doi:10.1007/s10329-017-0635-6. ISSN 0032-8332. PMID 29086889. S2CID 3768437.
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bandini, Elisa; Tennie, Claudio (2020). "Exploring the role of individual learning in animal tool-use". PeerJ. 8 (e9877): e9877. doi:10.7717/peerj.9877. PMC 7521350. PMID 33033659.
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Jacobs, I.F., von Bayern, A. and Osvath, M. (2016). "A novel tool-use mode in animals: New Caledonian crows insert tools to transport objects". Animal Cognition. 19 (6): 1249–1252. doi:10.1007/s10071-016-1016-z. PMC 5054045. PMID 27437926.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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Deb, Rittik; Modak, Sambita; Balakrishnan, Rohini (December 16, 2020). "Baffling: a condition-dependent alternative mate attraction strategy using self-made tools in tree crickets". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 287 (1941). bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.05.06.080143. doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.2229. ISSN 0962-8452. OCLC 8841006997. PMC 7779502. PMID 33323074.

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