Tophet (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Tophet" in English language version.

Last modified: 12:48:01, 30 June 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

3630academia.edu

105^th place

99^th place

3121doi.org

2^nd place

2012oxfordhandbooks.com

7,686^th place

4,963^rd place

85d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net

6,438^th place

5,498^th place

76archives-ouvertes.fr

1,143^rd place

973^rd place

31books.google.com

3^rd place

22semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

22archive.org

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22nih.gov

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11tertullian.org

5,705^th place

4,719^th place

11web.archive.org

1^st place

11brillonline.com

1,475^th place

1,107^th place

11tufts.edu

192^nd place

165^th place

11adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

11proquest.com

121^st place

59^th place

academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; English: 99^th place)

Stavrakopoulou 2013, p. 139. Stavrakopoulou, Francesca (2013). "The Jerusalem Tophet Ideological Dispute and Religious Transformation". Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici. 30: 137–158.
Kerr 2020, p. 42. Kerr, R.M. (2020). "La gorge géhennique". Acta Ethnologica Danubiana (in French). 22: 37–54.
Stavrakopoulou 2013, p. 140. Stavrakopoulou, Francesca (2013). "The Jerusalem Tophet Ideological Dispute and Religious Transformation". Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici. 30: 137–158.
Kerr 2020, pp. 44–49. Kerr, R.M. (2020). "La gorge géhennique". Acta Ethnologica Danubiana (in French). 22: 37–54.
Kerr 2020, p. 39. Kerr, R.M. (2020). "La gorge géhennique". Acta Ethnologica Danubiana (in French). 22: 37–54.
Kerr 2020, pp. 39–40. Kerr, R.M. (2020). "La gorge géhennique". Acta Ethnologica Danubiana (in French). 22: 37–54.
Stavrakopoulou 2013, pp. 137–138. Stavrakopoulou, Francesca (2013). "The Jerusalem Tophet Ideological Dispute and Religious Transformation". Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici. 30: 137–158.
Heider 1999, p. 584. Heider, G. C. (1999). "Moloch". In Toorn, Karel van der; Becking, Bob; Horst, Pieter W. van der (eds.). Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (2 ed.). Brill. pp. 581–585.
Bauks 2006, p. 72. Bauks, Michaela (2006). "The Theological Implications of Child Sacrifice in and beyond the Biblical Context in Relation to Genesis 22 and Judges 11". In Finsterbusch, Karin; Lange, Armin; Römheld, Diethard (eds.). Human Sacrifice in Judeo-Christian and Other Ancient Mediterranean Religions. Brill. pp. 57–77.
Xella 2013, pp. 264–265. Xella, P. (2013). ""Tophet": an Overall Interpretation". In Xella, P. (ed.). The Tophet in the Ancient Mediterranean. Essedue. pp. 259–281.
Bauks 2006, pp. 70–71. Bauks, Michaela (2006). "The Theological Implications of Child Sacrifice in and beyond the Biblical Context in Relation to Genesis 22 and Judges 11". In Finsterbusch, Karin; Lange, Armin; Römheld, Diethard (eds.). Human Sacrifice in Judeo-Christian and Other Ancient Mediterranean Religions. Brill. pp. 57–77.
Quinn 2011, p. 390. Quinn, Josephine Crawley (2011). "The Cultures of the Tophet: Identification and Identity in the Phoenician Diaspora". In Gruen, Erich Stephen (ed.). Cultural identity in the ancient Mediterranean. Getty Publications. pp. 388–413. ISBN 978-0-89236-969-0.
Bauks 2006, p. 58. Bauks, Michaela (2006). "The Theological Implications of Child Sacrifice in and beyond the Biblical Context in Relation to Genesis 22 and Judges 11". In Finsterbusch, Karin; Lange, Armin; Römheld, Diethard (eds.). Human Sacrifice in Judeo-Christian and Other Ancient Mediterranean Religions. Brill. pp. 57–77.
Kaufman 2007, pp. 9–10. Kaufman, Steve (2007). "The Phoenician Inscription of the Incirli Trilingual: A Tentative Reconstruction and Translation". MAARAV. 14 (2): 7–26. doi:10.1086/MAR200714202. S2CID 257837087.
Bauks 2006, p. 71. Bauks, Michaela (2006). "The Theological Implications of Child Sacrifice in and beyond the Biblical Context in Relation to Genesis 22 and Judges 11". In Finsterbusch, Karin; Lange, Armin; Römheld, Diethard (eds.). Human Sacrifice in Judeo-Christian and Other Ancient Mediterranean Religions. Brill. pp. 57–77.
Kerr 2018. Kerr, R.M. (2018). "In Search of the Historical Moloch". In Kerr, R.M.; Schmitz, Philip C.; Miller, Robert (eds.). "His Word Soars Above Him" Biblical and North-West Semitic Studies Presented to Professor Charles R. Krahmalkov. Ann Arbor. pp. 59–80.
Xella 2013, p. 265. Xella, P. (2013). ""Tophet": an Overall Interpretation". In Xella, P. (ed.). The Tophet in the Ancient Mediterranean. Essedue. pp. 259–281.
Stavrakopoulou 2013, p. 143. Stavrakopoulou, Francesca (2013). "The Jerusalem Tophet Ideological Dispute and Religious Transformation". Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici. 30: 137–158.
Stavrakopoulou 2013, pp. 143–144. Stavrakopoulou, Francesca (2013). "The Jerusalem Tophet Ideological Dispute and Religious Transformation". Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici. 30: 137–158.
Stavrakopoulou 2013, p. 147. Stavrakopoulou, Francesca (2013). "The Jerusalem Tophet Ideological Dispute and Religious Transformation". Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici. 30: 137–158.
Stavrakopoulou 2013, pp. 147–152. Stavrakopoulou, Francesca (2013). "The Jerusalem Tophet Ideological Dispute and Religious Transformation". Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici. 30: 137–158.
Xella 2019, pp. 288. Xella, Paolo (2019). "Religion". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. Oxford University Press. pp. 273–292. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
Quinn 2011. Quinn, Josephine Crawley (2011). "The Cultures of the Tophet: Identification and Identity in the Phoenician Diaspora". In Gruen, Erich Stephen (ed.). Cultural identity in the ancient Mediterranean. Getty Publications. pp. 388–413. ISBN 978-0-89236-969-0.
Quinn 2011, pp. 388–389. Quinn, Josephine Crawley (2011). "The Cultures of the Tophet: Identification and Identity in the Phoenician Diaspora". In Gruen, Erich Stephen (ed.). Cultural identity in the ancient Mediterranean. Getty Publications. pp. 388–413. ISBN 978-0-89236-969-0.
Xella 2013, p. 271. Xella, P. (2013). ""Tophet": an Overall Interpretation". In Xella, P. (ed.). The Tophet in the Ancient Mediterranean. Essedue. pp. 259–281.
Xella 2013, p. 266. Xella, P. (2013). ""Tophet": an Overall Interpretation". In Xella, P. (ed.). The Tophet in the Ancient Mediterranean. Essedue. pp. 259–281.
Xella 2013, p. 268. Xella, P. (2013). ""Tophet": an Overall Interpretation". In Xella, P. (ed.). The Tophet in the Ancient Mediterranean. Essedue. pp. 259–281.
Xella 2013, pp. 270–271. Xella, P. (2013). ""Tophet": an Overall Interpretation". In Xella, P. (ed.). The Tophet in the Ancient Mediterranean. Essedue. pp. 259–281.
Xella 2013, p. 273. Xella, P. (2013). ""Tophet": an Overall Interpretation". In Xella, P. (ed.). The Tophet in the Ancient Mediterranean. Essedue. pp. 259–281.
Xella 2019, p. 282. Xella, Paolo (2019). "Religion". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. Oxford University Press. pp. 273–292. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Schwartz et al. 2010. Schwartz, Jeffrey H.; Houghton, Frank; Macchiarelli, Roberto; Bondioli, Luca (2010). "Skeletal Remains from Punic Carthage Do Not Support Systematic Sacrifice of Infants". PLOS ONE. 5 (2) e9177. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9177S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009177. PMC 2822869. PMID 20174667.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

"Bible side-lights from the Mound of Gezer, a record of excavation and discovery in Palestine : Macalister, Robert Alexander Stewart, 1870-1950 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming: Internet Archive". Internet Archive. 2023-03-25. p. 74. Retrieved 2024-01-25.
Tertullian. "IX". Apologeticus de spectaculis. Retrieved 18 June 2014.

archives-ouvertes.fr (Global: 1,143^rd place; English: 973^rd place)

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

Bonnet 2011, p. 373. Bonnet, Corrinne (2011). "On Gods and Earth: The Tophet and the Construction of a New identity in Punic Carthage". In Gruen, Erich Stephen (ed.). Cultural identity in the ancient Mediterranean. Getty Publications. pp. 373–387. ISBN 978-0-89236-969-0.
Bonnet 2011, p. 374. Bonnet, Corrinne (2011). "On Gods and Earth: The Tophet and the Construction of a New identity in Punic Carthage". In Gruen, Erich Stephen (ed.). Cultural identity in the ancient Mediterranean. Getty Publications. pp. 373–387. ISBN 978-0-89236-969-0.
Bonnet 2011, pp. 378–379. Bonnet, Corrinne (2011). "On Gods and Earth: The Tophet and the Construction of a New identity in Punic Carthage". In Gruen, Erich Stephen (ed.). Cultural identity in the ancient Mediterranean. Getty Publications. pp. 373–387. ISBN 978-0-89236-969-0.
Bonnet 2011, p. 383. Bonnet, Corrinne (2011). "On Gods and Earth: The Tophet and the Construction of a New identity in Punic Carthage". In Gruen, Erich Stephen (ed.). Cultural identity in the ancient Mediterranean. Getty Publications. pp. 373–387. ISBN 978-0-89236-969-0.
Bonnet 2011, p. 383–384. Bonnet, Corrinne (2011). "On Gods and Earth: The Tophet and the Construction of a New identity in Punic Carthage". In Gruen, Erich Stephen (ed.). Cultural identity in the ancient Mediterranean. Getty Publications. pp. 373–387. ISBN 978-0-89236-969-0.
Bonnet 2011, p. 379. Bonnet, Corrinne (2011). "On Gods and Earth: The Tophet and the Construction of a New identity in Punic Carthage". In Gruen, Erich Stephen (ed.). Cultural identity in the ancient Mediterranean. Getty Publications. pp. 373–387. ISBN 978-0-89236-969-0.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

King 1993, p. 136. King, Philip J. (1993). Jeremiah: An Archaeological Companion. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-664-22443-1.

brillonline.com (Global: 1,475^th place; English: 1,107^th place)

referenceworks.brillonline.com

Prandi, Luisa (2016). "Kleitarchos of Alexandria (137)". Brill's New Jacoby. Brill. p. F9. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2012.

d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net (Global: 6,438^th place; English: 5,498^th place)

Stager & Wolff 1984. Stager, Lawrence E.; Wolff, Samuel R. (January–February 1984). "Child Sacrifice at Carthage: Religious Rite or Population Control?" (PDF). Biblical Archaeology Review.^{[dead link]}
Schwartz & Houghton 2017, p. 452. Schwartz, J.H.; et al. (2017). "Two tales of one city: data, inference and Carthaginian infant sacrifice" (PDF). Antiquity. 91 (356): 442–454. doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.270.^{[dead link]}
Schwartz & Houghton 2017, pp. 443–444. Schwartz, J.H.; et al. (2017). "Two tales of one city: data, inference and Carthaginian infant sacrifice" (PDF). Antiquity. 91 (356): 442–454. doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.270.^{[dead link]}
Schwartz & Houghton 2017. Schwartz, J.H.; et al. (2017). "Two tales of one city: data, inference and Carthaginian infant sacrifice" (PDF). Antiquity. 91 (356): 442–454. doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.270.^{[dead link]}
Schwartz & Houghton 2017, pp. 445–446. Schwartz, J.H.; et al. (2017). "Two tales of one city: data, inference and Carthaginian infant sacrifice" (PDF). Antiquity. 91 (356): 442–454. doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.270.^{[dead link]}

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Kaufman 2007, pp. 9–10. Kaufman, Steve (2007). "The Phoenician Inscription of the Incirli Trilingual: A Tentative Reconstruction and Translation". MAARAV. 14 (2): 7–26. doi:10.1086/MAR200714202. S2CID 257837087.
Schwartz & Houghton 2017, p. 452. Schwartz, J.H.; et al. (2017). "Two tales of one city: data, inference and Carthaginian infant sacrifice" (PDF). Antiquity. 91 (356): 442–454. doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.270.^{[dead link]}
Schwartz & Houghton 2017, pp. 443–444. Schwartz, J.H.; et al. (2017). "Two tales of one city: data, inference and Carthaginian infant sacrifice" (PDF). Antiquity. 91 (356): 442–454. doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.270.^{[dead link]}
McCarty 2019, p. 313. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, pp. 319. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
Schwartz & Houghton 2017. Schwartz, J.H.; et al. (2017). "Two tales of one city: data, inference and Carthaginian infant sacrifice" (PDF). Antiquity. 91 (356): 442–454. doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.270.^{[dead link]}
McCarty 2019, pp. 314–316. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, p. 321. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, p. 317. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, pp. 320. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, pp. 313–314. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, p. 322. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, p. 316. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
Quinn 2019, p. 677. Quinn, Josephine Crawley (2019). "Phoenicians and Carthaginians in Greco-Roman Literature". In Lopez-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. Oxford University Press. pp. 671–685. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.44. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
Quinn 2019, pp. 672, 674–77. Quinn, Josephine Crawley (2019). "Phoenicians and Carthaginians in Greco-Roman Literature". In Lopez-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. Oxford University Press. pp. 671–685. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.44. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, p. 318. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
Schwartz et al. 2010. Schwartz, Jeffrey H.; Houghton, Frank; Macchiarelli, Roberto; Bondioli, Luca (2010). "Skeletal Remains from Punic Carthage Do Not Support Systematic Sacrifice of Infants". PLOS ONE. 5 (2) e9177. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9177S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009177. PMC 2822869. PMID 20174667.
Smith et al. 2011. Smith, P.; Avishai, G.; Greene, J.; Stager, L. (2011). "Aging Cremated Infants: The Problem of Sacrifice at the Tophet of Carthage". Antiquity. 85 (329): 859–874. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00068368. S2CID 162942793.
Schwartz & Houghton 2017, pp. 445–446. Schwartz, J.H.; et al. (2017). "Two tales of one city: data, inference and Carthaginian infant sacrifice" (PDF). Antiquity. 91 (356): 442–454. doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.270.^{[dead link]}
McCarty 2019, p. 317-318. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Schwartz et al. 2010. Schwartz, Jeffrey H.; Houghton, Frank; Macchiarelli, Roberto; Bondioli, Luca (2010). "Skeletal Remains from Punic Carthage Do Not Support Systematic Sacrifice of Infants". PLOS ONE. 5 (2) e9177. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9177S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009177. PMC 2822869. PMID 20174667.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Schwartz et al. 2010. Schwartz, Jeffrey H.; Houghton, Frank; Macchiarelli, Roberto; Bondioli, Luca (2010). "Skeletal Remains from Punic Carthage Do Not Support Systematic Sacrifice of Infants". PLOS ONE. 5 (2) e9177. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9177S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009177. PMC 2822869. PMID 20174667.

oxfordhandbooks.com (Global: 7,686^th place; English: 4,963^rd place)

McCarty 2019, p. 313. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, pp. 319. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, pp. 314–316. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, p. 321. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, p. 317. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, pp. 320. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, pp. 313–314. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, p. 322. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, p. 316. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, p. 318. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.
McCarty 2019, p. 317-318. McCarty, Matthew M. (2019). "The Tophet and Infant Sacrifice". In López-Ruiz, Carolina; Doak, Brian R. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. pp. 312–325. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.21. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1.

proquest.com (Global: 121^st place; English: 59^th place)

Smith et al. 2011. Smith, P.; Avishai, G.; Greene, J.; Stager, L. (2011). "Aging Cremated Infants: The Problem of Sacrifice at the Tophet of Carthage". Antiquity. 85 (329): 859–874. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00068368. S2CID 162942793.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Kaufman 2007, pp. 9–10. Kaufman, Steve (2007). "The Phoenician Inscription of the Incirli Trilingual: A Tentative Reconstruction and Translation". MAARAV. 14 (2): 7–26. doi:10.1086/MAR200714202. S2CID 257837087.
Smith et al. 2011. Smith, P.; Avishai, G.; Greene, J.; Stager, L. (2011). "Aging Cremated Infants: The Problem of Sacrifice at the Tophet of Carthage". Antiquity. 85 (329): 859–874. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00068368. S2CID 162942793.

tertullian.org (Global: 5,705^th place; English: 4,719^th place)

Eusebius 1903. Eusebius (1903). Eusebii Pamphili Evangelicae Praeparationis libri XV. Translated by Gifford, E. H. Oxford.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

Plutarch. "De superstitione". Moralia. Book 2, chap. 13.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Prandi, Luisa (2016). "Kleitarchos of Alexandria (137)". Brill's New Jacoby. Brill. p. F9. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2012.

Tophet (English Wikipedia)

academia.edu (Global: 105th place; English: 99th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

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archives-ouvertes.fr (Global: 1,143rd place; English: 973rd place)

hal.archives-ouvertes.fr

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

brillonline.com (Global: 1,475th place; English: 1,107th place)

referenceworks.brillonline.com

d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net (Global: 6,438th place; English: 5,498th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)