Torah (English Wikipedia)

Pakkala, Juha (2010). "Why the Cult Reforms In Judah Probably Did Not Happen". In Kratz, Reinhard G.; Spieckermann, Hermann (eds.). One God – One Cult – One Nation. De Gruyter. pp. 201–235. ISBN 9783110223576. Retrieved 2024-01-25 – via Academia.edu.

ahmed-deedat.co.za (Global: low place; English: low place)

Is the Bible God's Word Archived 2008-05-13 at the Wayback Machine by Sheikh Ahmed Deedat

aish.com (Global: 9,601^st place; English: 6,498^th place)

Spiro, Ken (9 May 2009). "History Crash Course #36: Timeline: From Abraham to Destruction of the Temple". Aish.com. Retrieved 2010-08-19.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Berlin, Brettler & Fishbane 2004, pp. 3–7. Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Fishbane, Michael, eds. (2004). The Jewish Study Bible. New York City: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195297515.
Florentin, Moshe (2013-08-01). "Samaritan Pentateuch". In Khan, Geoffrey (ed.). Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. p. 456. ISBN 978-90-04-17642-3. Archived from the original on 2023-04-12.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

McDermott 2002, p. 21. McDermott, John J. (2002). Reading the Pentateuch: a historical introduction. Pauline Press. ISBN 978-0-8091-4082-4. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
Schniedewind 2022, p. 23. Schniedewind, William M. (2022). "Diversity and Development of tôrâ in the Hebrew Bible". In Schniedewind, William M.; Zurawski, Jason M.; Boccaccini, Gabriele (eds.). Torah: Functions, Meanings, and Diverse Manifestations in Early Judaism and Christianity. SBL Press. ISBN 978-1-62837-504-6.
Hamilton 1990, p. 1. Hamilton, Victor P. (1990). The Book of Genesis: chapters 1–17. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0802825216.
Bergant 2013, p. xii. Bergant, Dianne (2013). Genesis: In the Beginning. Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0814682753.
Bandstra 2008, p. 35. Bandstra, Barry L. (2008). Reading the Old Testament. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0495391050.
Bandstra 2008, p. 78. Bandstra, Barry L. (2008). Reading the Old Testament. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0495391050.
Bandstra 2004, pp. 28–29. Bandstra, Barry L. (2004). Reading the Old Testament: an introduction to the Hebrew Bible. Wadsworth. ISBN 9780495391050.
Johnstone 2003, p. 72. Johnstone, William D. (2003). "Exodus". In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). Eerdmans Bible Commentary. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837110.
Finkelstein & Silberman 2002, p. 68. Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2002). The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9780743223386.
Meyers 2005, p. xv. Meyers, Carol (2005). Exodus. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521002912.
Ashley 1993, p. 1. Ashley, Timothy R. (1993). The Book of Numbers. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802825230.
Olson 1996, p. 9. Olson, Dennis T (1996). Numbers. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664237363.
Stubbs 2009, pp. 19–20. Stubbs, David L (2009). Numbers (Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible). Brazos Press. ISBN 9781441207197.
Phillips 1973, pp. 1–2. Phillips, Anthony (1973). Deuteronomy. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780521097727.
Rogerson 2003, pp. 153–154. Rogerson, John W. (2003). "Deuteronomy". In James D. G. Dunn; John William Rogerson (eds.). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837110.
Carr 2014, p. 434. Carr, David M. (2014). "Changes in Pentateuchal Criticism". In Sæbø, Magne; Ska, Jean Louis; Machinist, Peter (eds.). Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. III: From Modernism to Post-Modernism. Part II: The Twentieth Century – From Modernism to Post-Modernism. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-525-54022-0.
Thompson 2000, p. 8. Thompson, Thomas L. (2000). Early History of the Israelite People: From the Written & Archaeological Sources. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004119437.
Ska 2014, pp. 133–135. Ska, Jean Louis (2014). "Questions of the 'History of Israel' in Recent Research". In Sæbø, Magne; Ska, Jean Louis; Machinist, Peter (eds.). Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. III: From Modernism to Post-Modernism. Part II: The Twentieth Century – From Modernism to Post-Modernism. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-525-54022-0.
Van Seters 2004, p. 77. Van Seters, John (2004). The Pentateuch: a social-science commentary. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 9780567080882.
Baden 2012. Baden, Joel S. (2012). The Composition of the Pentateuch: Renewing the Documentary Hypothesis. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300152647.
Gaines 2015, p. 271. Gaines, Jason M.H. (2015). The Poetic Priestly Source. Fortress Press. ISBN 978-1-5064-0046-4.
Otto 2014, p. 605. Otto, Eckart (2014). "The Study of Law and Ethics in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament". In Sæbø, Magne; Ska, Jean Louis; Machinist, Peter (eds.). Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. III: From Modernism to Post-Modernism. Part II: The Twentieth Century – From Modernism to Post-Modernism. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-525-54022-0.
Hess, Richard S. (2022). "2 Kings 22-3: Belief in One God in Preexilic Judah?". In Watson, Rebecca S.; Curtis, Adrian H. W. (eds.). Conversations on Canaanite and Biblical Themes: Creation, Chaos and Monotheism. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 135–150. ISBN 978-3-11-060629-4.
Carr 2014, p. 457. Carr, David M. (2014). "Changes in Pentateuchal Criticism". In Sæbø, Magne; Ska, Jean Louis; Machinist, Peter (eds.). Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. III: From Modernism to Post-Modernism. Part II: The Twentieth Century – From Modernism to Post-Modernism. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-525-54022-0.
Otto 2014, p. 609. Otto, Eckart (2014). "The Study of Law and Ethics in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament". In Sæbø, Magne; Ska, Jean Louis; Machinist, Peter (eds.). Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. III: From Modernism to Post-Modernism. Part II: The Twentieth Century – From Modernism to Post-Modernism. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 978-3-525-54022-0.
Ska 2006, p. 217. Ska, Jean-Louis (2006). Introduction to reading the Pentateuch. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9781575061221.
Ska 2006, p. 218. Ska, Jean-Louis (2006). Introduction to reading the Pentateuch. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9781575061221.
Eskenazi 2009, p. 86. Eskenazi, Tamara Cohn (2009). "From Exile and Restoration to Exile and Reconstruction". In Grabbe, Lester L.; Knoppers, Gary N. (eds.). Exile and Restoration Revisited: Essays on the Babylonian and Persian Periods. Bloomsbury. ISBN 9780567465672.
Ska 2006, pp. 226–227. Ska, Jean-Louis (2006). Introduction to reading the Pentateuch. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9781575061221.
Greifenhagen 2003, pp. 206–207, 224 fn.49. Greifenhagen, Franz V. (2003). Egypt on the Pentateuch's Ideological Map. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-567-39136-0.
Gmirkin 2006, pp. 30, 32, 190. Gmirkin, Russell (2006). Berossus and Genesis, Manetho and Exodus. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-567-13439-4.
Wellhausen 1885, pp. 405–410. Wellhausen, Julius (1885). Prolegomena to the History of Israel. Black. ISBN 9781606202050. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Wellhausen 1885, p. 408 n. 1. Wellhausen, Julius (1885). Prolegomena to the History of Israel. Black. ISBN 9781606202050. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Adler 2022. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFAdler2022 (help) Adler, Yonatan (2022). The Origins of Judaism: An Archaeological-Historical Reappraisal. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300254907.
Adler 2022, pp. 223–234. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFAdler2022 (help) Adler, Yonatan (2022). The Origins of Judaism: An Archaeological-Historical Reappraisal. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300254907.
Collins, John J. (2024). "Hecataeus as a Witness to Judaism". In Brody, Robert; Hacham, Noah; Piotrkowski, Meron M.; van Henten, Jan Willem (eds.). A Vision of the Days: Studies in Early Jewish History and Historiography: In Honor of Daniel R. Schwartz. BRILL. pp. 334–335. ISBN 978-90-04-68556-7.
Adler, Yonatan (4 December 2025). Between Yahwism and Judaism: Judean Cult and Culture during the Early Hellenistic Period (332–175 BCE). Cambridge University Press. pp. 30–31. ISBN 978-1-009-45962-4.
Siekawitch 2013, pp. 19–30. Siekawitch, Larry (2013). The Uniqueness of the Bible. Cross Books. ISBN 9781462732623.
Greifenhagen 2003, p. 218. Greifenhagen, Franz V. (2003). Egypt on the Pentateuch's Ideological Map. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-567-39136-0.
Robinson 2008, pp. 167–: "Sa'adia's own major contribution to the Torah is his Arabic translation, Targum Tafsir." Robinson, George (17 December 2008). Essential Torah: A Complete Guide to the Five Books of Moses. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-48437-6.
Zohar 2005, pp. 106–: "Controversy exists among scholars as to whether Rasag was the first to translate the Hebrew Bible into Arabic." Zohar, Zion (June 2005). Sephardic and Mizrahi Jewry: From the Golden Age of Spain to Modern Times. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-9705-1.

breakthroughchinuch.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Rabbi Jonathan Rietti | New York City | Breakthrough Chinuch". breakthroughchunich.

brill.com (Global: 814^th place; English: 460^th place)

referenceworks.brill.com

Florentin, Moshe (2013-08-01). "Samaritan Pentateuch". In Khan, Geoffrey (ed.). Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. p. 456. ISBN 978-90-04-17642-3. Archived from the original on 2023-04-12.

brill.com

McCoy 2021. McCoy, R. Michael (2021-09-08). Interpreting the Qurʾān with the Bible (Tafsīr al-Qurʾān bi-l-Kitāb). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-46682-1.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Torah | Definition, Meaning, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-09-11.
"Torah | Definition, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. 28 December 2023.
Encyclopaedia Britannica https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pentateuch. Retrieved 19 October 2025. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Baden, Joel S.; Stackert, Jeffrey, eds. (2023). The Pentateuch and Its Readers. Mohr Siebeck. p. V. ISBN 978-3-16-160821-6.
Giles, Terry; T. Anderson, Robert (2012). The Samaritan Pentateuch: an introduction to its origin, history, and significance for Biblical studies. Resources for Biblical Study. Society of Biblical Literature. doi:10.2307/j.ctt32bzhn. ISBN 978-1-58983-699-0. JSTOR j.ctt32bzhn.

encyclopedia.com (Global: 457^th place; English: 342^nd place)

Rabinowitz, Louis; Harvey, Warren (2007). "Torah". In Berenbaum, Michael; Skolnik, Fred (eds.). Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 20 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 39–46. ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4.

geniza.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mishnat Soferim The forms of the letters Archived 2008-05-23 at the Wayback Machine translated by Jen Taylor Friedman (geniza.net)

jhsonline.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Romer 2008, p. 2 and fn.3. Romer, Thomas (2008). "Moses Outside the Torah and the Construction of a Diaspora Identity" (PDF). Journal of Hebrew Scriptures. 8, article 15: 2–12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2019-09-27.

jps.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Greenspoon, Leonard J. (2020). "Jewish Bible Translations: Personalities, Passions, Politics, Progress" (DOCX). Jewish Publication Society.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Giles, Terry; T. Anderson, Robert (2012). The Samaritan Pentateuch: an introduction to its origin, history, and significance for Biblical studies. Resources for Biblical Study. Society of Biblical Literature. doi:10.2307/j.ctt32bzhn. ISBN 978-1-58983-699-0. JSTOR j.ctt32bzhn.

mechon-mamre.org (Global: 1,724^th place; English: 825^th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

"Definition of PENTATEUCH". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 30 August 2025. Retrieved 19 October 2025.

mid-day.com (Global: 1,266^th place; English: 611^th place)

Pattanaik, David (9 July 2017). "The Fascinating Design Of The Jewish Bible". Mid-Day. Mumbai.

oed.com (Global: 743^rd place; English: 419^th place)

"Torah". Oxford English Dictionary (online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 30 September 2024. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

oradam.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"FAQ for Humanistic Judaism, Reform Judaism, Humanists, Humanistic Jews, Congregation, Arizona, AZ". Oradam.org. Retrieved 2012-11-07.

oremus.org (Global: 1,423^rd place; English: 649^th place)

bible.oremus.org

cf. Lev 10:11
Mark 12:28–34

swartzentrover.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ginzberg, Louis (1909). The Legends of the Jews Vol. IV: Ezra (Translated by Henrietta Szold) Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society.

thetorah.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Adler, Yonatan (2022). "When Did Jews Start Observing Torah?". TheTorah.com. Academic Torah Institute. Retrieved 16 May 2026.

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

"No document found". Perseus Digital Library (LSJ). Retrieved 19 October 2025.

urj.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Fields, Harvey J. (1979). "Section Four: The Reading of the Torah". Bechol Levavcha: with all your heart. New York: Union of American Hebrew Congregations Press. pp. 106–111. Archived from the original on 19 February 2005 – via Union for Reform Judaism.

uscj.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rogovin, Richard D. (2006). "The Authentic Triennial Cycle: A Better Way to Read Torah?". United Synagogue Review. 59 (1). Archived from the original on 6 September 2009 – via The United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Romer 2008, p. 2 and fn.3. Romer, Thomas (2008). "Moses Outside the Torah and the Construction of a Diaspora Identity" (PDF). Journal of Hebrew Scriptures. 8, article 15: 2–12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
Rogovin, Richard D. (2006). "The Authentic Triennial Cycle: A Better Way to Read Torah?". United Synagogue Review. 59 (1). Archived from the original on 6 September 2009 – via The United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism.
Fields, Harvey J. (1979). "Section Four: The Reading of the Torah". Bechol Levavcha: with all your heart. New York: Union of American Hebrew Congregations Press. pp. 106–111. Archived from the original on 19 February 2005 – via Union for Reform Judaism.
Mishnat Soferim The forms of the letters Archived 2008-05-23 at the Wayback Machine translated by Jen Taylor Friedman (geniza.net)
Is the Bible God's Word Archived 2008-05-13 at the Wayback Machine by Sheikh Ahmed Deedat

Torah (English Wikipedia)

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