Trajan (English Wikipedia)

Olivier Hekster, "Propagating power: Hercules as an example for second-century emperors". Herakles and Hercules. Exploring a Graeco-Roman Divinity (2005): 205–21.Available at Retrieved 18 August 2019.

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"Alimenta". Tjbuggey.ancients.info. Archived from the original on 10 February 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014.

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Various authors have discussed the existence of the province and its location: Maricq (1965, pp. 103, 111) identifies Assyria with Southern Mesopotamia; Lightfoot (1990, pp. 115–126) doubts the actual existence of the province; Bertinelli (1976, pp. 3–45)^{[page needed]} puts Assyria between Mesopotamia and Adiabene; Lepper (1948, p. 146) considers Assyria and Adiabene to be the same province. Maricq, André (1965). "La province d'Assyrie créée par Trajan. A propos de la guerre parthique de Trajan" [The province of Assyria created by Trajan. About the Parthian War of Trajan]. Classica et Oritentalia. Paris: Institut français d'Archéologie de Beyrouth. Lightfoot, C. S. (1990). "Trajan's Parthian War and the Fourth-Century Perspective". The Journal of Roman Studies. 80: 115–126. doi:10.2307/300283. ISSN 0075-4358. Bertinelli, Maria Gabriella Angeli (1976). "I Romani oltre l'Eufrate nel II secolo d. C. (le province di Assiria, di Mesopotamia e di Osroene)" [The Romans beyond the Euphrates in the 2nd century A.D. C. (the provinces of Assyria, Mesopotamia and Osroene)]. In Temporini, Hildegard (ed.). Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt (ANRW) / Rise and Decline of the Roman World (in Italian). Vol. 9:Halbband Politische Geschichte. Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 3–45. ISBN 9783110068764. Lepper, F.A. (1948). Trajan's Parthian War. London: Oxford University Press. OCLC 2898605 – via Internet Archive.
Syme 1970, p. 22: "... The Greek historian Cassius Dio made the baseless assertion that Trajan was an Iberian...'" Syme, Ronald (1970) [1958]. Colonial Elites: Rome, Spain and the Americas. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198214892 – via Internet Archive.
Birley 2013, p. 12. Birley, Anthony R. (2013). Hadrian: The Restless Emperor. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16544-0.
Henderson, Bernard W. (1927). Five Roman Emperors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press – via Internet Archive.
Lepper 1948. Lepper, F.A. (1948). Trajan's Parthian War. London: Oxford University Press. OCLC 2898605 – via Internet Archive.
Opper, Thorsten (2008), Hadrian: Empire and Conflict, Harvard University Press, p. 67, ISBN 9780674030954
Butler, A. J. (1914). Babylon of Egypt: A study in the history of Old Cairo. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 5.
Syme 1971, p. 106. Syme, Ronald (1971). Danubian Papers. Bucharest – via Internet Archive.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Strobel 1984, p. 98. Strobel, Karl (1984). Untersuchungen zu den Dakerkriegen Trajans: Studien zur Geschichte des mittleren und unteren Donauraumes in der Hohen Kaiserzeit [Studies on the Daker Wars of Trajan: Studies on the history of the middle and lower Danube region in the High Imperial Period]. Antiquitas 1: Abhandlungen zur alten Geschichte (in German). Bonn – via Internet Archive.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
R. P. Longden, "Notes on the Parthian Campaigns of Trajan". The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 21 (1931), pp. 1–35. Available at . Retrieved 18 August 2019.
Birley 2013, p. 71. Birley, Anthony R. (2013). Hadrian: The Restless Emperor. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16544-0.
Birley 2013, p. 72. Birley, Anthony R. (2013). Hadrian: The Restless Emperor. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16544-0.
Ben Zeev 2006, p. 100. Ben Zeev, Miriam Pucci (2006). "Uprising in the Jewish Diaspora, 116-117". In Katz, Steven T. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4, the Late Roman-Rabbinic Period. pp. 93–104. ISBN 978-0-521-77248-8 – via Internet Archive.
Birley 2013, p. 52. Birley, Anthony R. (2013). Hadrian: The Restless Emperor. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16544-0.
Birley 2013, pp. 50, 52. Birley, Anthony R. (2013). Hadrian: The Restless Emperor. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16544-0.
Birley 2013, p. 64. Birley, Anthony R. (2013). Hadrian: The Restless Emperor. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16544-0.
Birley 2013, p. 50. Birley, Anthony R. (2013). Hadrian: The Restless Emperor. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16544-0.
Birley 2013, p. 78. Birley, Anthony R. (2013). Hadrian: The Restless Emperor. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16544-0.

artsandculture.google.com (Global: 3,498^th place; English: 2,942^nd place)

Gschwantler, Kurt; Bernhard-Walcher, Alfred; Laubenberger, Manuela; Plattner, Georg; Zhuber-Okrog, Karoline (2011). "Emperor Trajan - unknown - Masterpieces in the Collection of Greek and Roman Antiquities. A Brief Guide to the Kunsthistorisches Museum". Google Arts & Culture. Vienna. Retrieved 8 May 2021. Trajan is always depicted without a beard.

asj-oa.am (Global: low place; English: low place)

hpj.asj-oa.am

Discovered in 1967 in Pokr Vedi, made of Vedi limestone. Now kept at the History Museum of Armenia (see sign). Arakelyan, Babken (1967). "Լատիներեն արձանագրություններ Արտաշատ մայրաքաղաքից [Inscriptions in Latin from the Ancient Armenian Capital of Artashat]". Patma-Banasirakan Handes (in Armenian) (4): 302–311. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016.

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Cooley 2012, p. 492. Cooley, Alison E. (2012). The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84026-2.
Bennett 1997, p. 13. Bennett, Julian (1997). Trajan Optimus Princeps (2nd ed.). Indiana University Press. p. 13. ISBN 0253214351.
Bennett 1997, p. 3. Bennett, Julian (1997). Trajan Optimus Princeps (2nd ed.). Indiana University Press. p. 13. ISBN 0253214351.
Peter V. Jones; Keith C. Sidwell, eds. (1997). The World of Rome: An Introduction to Roman Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 254. ISBN 0-521-38421-4.
Graham Anderson, Second Sophistic: A Cultural Phenomenon in the Roman Empire. London, Routledge, 2005, Google e-book, available at . Retrieved 15 December 2014.
Stadter, Philip A.; Stockt, L. Van der (2002). Sage and Emperor: Plutarch, Greek Intellectuals, and Roman Power in the Time of Trajan (98–117 A.D.). Leuven University Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-90-5867-239-1.
Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome. Profile. p. 424. ISBN 978-1-84765-441-0.
Humphrey, John H. (1986). Roman Circuses: Arenas for Chariot Racing. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-04921-5. pp. 80, 102-103, 126-129. The images of the gods were brought from their temples to be laid on dining couches with great ceremony, so that they too could watch the spectacle.
Stromata [https://books.google.com/books?id=HcpFAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA444 Book I

brepolsonline.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Whatley, Gordon (1 January 1984). "The Uses of Hagiography: The Legend of Pope Gregory and the Emperor Trajan in the Middle Ages". Viator. 15 (1): 25. Retrieved 22 February 2026.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

Hammond, Mason. "Trajan". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
"Pompei Plotina". Britannica. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
"Dacia | Europe, Map, Culture, & History". Britannica. 23 November 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
"Romanian language | Language Basics & Dialects". Britannica. Retrieved 9 January 2024.

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Dorsey, Lauren (9 January 2021). "How to Identify a Roman Emperor By His Beard? | DailyArt Magazine". DailyArtMagazine.com - Art History Stories. Retrieved 8 May 2021.

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Petit 1975, pp. 367–368. Petit, Paul (1975). "Le IIe siècle àpres J.-C.: État des questions et problemes" [The 2nd century AD: State of the questions and problems]. In Temporini, Hildegard (ed.). Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt (ANRW) (in French). Vol. II.2: Politische Geschichte (Kaisergeschichte). Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-004971-8. Full access available to users of The Wikipedia Library.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Various authors have discussed the existence of the province and its location: Maricq (1965, pp. 103, 111) identifies Assyria with Southern Mesopotamia; Lightfoot (1990, pp. 115–126) doubts the actual existence of the province; Bertinelli (1976, pp. 3–45)^{[page needed]} puts Assyria between Mesopotamia and Adiabene; Lepper (1948, p. 146) considers Assyria and Adiabene to be the same province. Maricq, André (1965). "La province d'Assyrie créée par Trajan. A propos de la guerre parthique de Trajan" [The province of Assyria created by Trajan. About the Parthian War of Trajan]. Classica et Oritentalia. Paris: Institut français d'Archéologie de Beyrouth. Lightfoot, C. S. (1990). "Trajan's Parthian War and the Fourth-Century Perspective". The Journal of Roman Studies. 80: 115–126. doi:10.2307/300283. ISSN 0075-4358. Bertinelli, Maria Gabriella Angeli (1976). "I Romani oltre l'Eufrate nel II secolo d. C. (le province di Assiria, di Mesopotamia e di Osroene)" [The Romans beyond the Euphrates in the 2nd century A.D. C. (the provinces of Assyria, Mesopotamia and Osroene)]. In Temporini, Hildegard (ed.). Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt (ANRW) / Rise and Decline of the Roman World (in Italian). Vol. 9:Halbband Politische Geschichte. Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 3–45. ISBN 9783110068764. Lepper, F.A. (1948). Trajan's Parthian War. London: Oxford University Press. OCLC 2898605 – via Internet Archive.
Syme 1964, p. 144. Syme, Ronald (1964). "Hadrian and Italica". The Journal of Roman Studies. 54: 142–149. doi:10.2307/298660. JSTOR 298660. S2CID 162241585.
Chase 1897, pp. 103–184. Chase, George Davis (1897). "The Origin of Roman Praenomina". Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. 8: 103–184. doi:10.2307/310491. ISSN 0073-0688.
Syme 1964, p. 145. Syme, Ronald (1964). "Hadrian and Italica". The Journal of Roman Studies. 54: 142–149. doi:10.2307/298660. JSTOR 298660. S2CID 162241585.
Gsell, Stéphane (1887). "Étude sur le rôle politique du Sénat Romain à l'époque de Trajan". Mélanges de l'École française de Rome (in French). 7 (1): 339–382. doi:10.3406/mefr.1887.6514.
Hekster et al. 2022. Hekster, Olivier; Betjes, Sven; Heijnen, Sam; Iannantuono, Ketty; Jussen, Dennis; Manders, Erika; Syrbe, Daniel (2022). "The Fame of Trajan: A Late Antique Invention". Klio. 104 (2): 693–749. doi:10.1515/klio-2021-0052. ISSN 2192-7669.

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staging-unicatt.elsevierpure.com

Galimberti, Alessandro (2023), "Roberto Paribeni storico dell'età di Cesare e di Augusto", Augusto e il fascismo. Studi intorno al bimillenario 1937-1938 (in Italian), Luoghinteriori, pp. 119–133, retrieved 26 May 2025

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

To Autolycus XXVII

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Canto (2003)^{[page needed]} argued that the Traii ancestors of Trajan were his paternal family and indigenous Iberian Turdetani rather than Italic settlers, but this view departs from the prevailing view in academia. However, Canto's theory is rejected by Caballos Rufino (2013)^{[page needed]} Canto, Alicia Ma (2003). Las raíces béticas de Trajano: los Traii de la Itálica turdetana, y otras novedades sobre su familia [The betic roots of Trajan: the Traii of the Turdetan Italy, and other novelties about his family] (in Spanish). Sevilla: RD Editores. ISBN 978-84-95724-17-5. Caballos Rufino, Antonio F. (29 September 2013). "Las raíces familiares de Trajano". Colocviul Internaţional Traian şi oraşele sale – Internationales Kolloquium “Trajan und seine Städte”.
Thienes, Eric M. (2015). Remembering Trajan in Fourth-Century Rome: Memory and Identity in Spatial, Artistic, and Textual Narratives (Ph.D Thesis). University of Missouri. p. 70. hdl:10355/46902.

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jag.journalagent.com

Mitchell, Stephen (2014). "The Trajanic Tondo from Roman Ankara: In Search of the Identity of a Roman Masterpiece" (PDF). Journal of Ankara Studies. 2 (1): 1–10.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Various authors have discussed the existence of the province and its location: Maricq (1965, pp. 103, 111) identifies Assyria with Southern Mesopotamia; Lightfoot (1990, pp. 115–126) doubts the actual existence of the province; Bertinelli (1976, pp. 3–45)^{[page needed]} puts Assyria between Mesopotamia and Adiabene; Lepper (1948, p. 146) considers Assyria and Adiabene to be the same province. Maricq, André (1965). "La province d'Assyrie créée par Trajan. A propos de la guerre parthique de Trajan" [The province of Assyria created by Trajan. About the Parthian War of Trajan]. Classica et Oritentalia. Paris: Institut français d'Archéologie de Beyrouth. Lightfoot, C. S. (1990). "Trajan's Parthian War and the Fourth-Century Perspective". The Journal of Roman Studies. 80: 115–126. doi:10.2307/300283. ISSN 0075-4358. Bertinelli, Maria Gabriella Angeli (1976). "I Romani oltre l'Eufrate nel II secolo d. C. (le province di Assiria, di Mesopotamia e di Osroene)" [The Romans beyond the Euphrates in the 2nd century A.D. C. (the provinces of Assyria, Mesopotamia and Osroene)]. In Temporini, Hildegard (ed.). Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt (ANRW) / Rise and Decline of the Roman World (in Italian). Vol. 9:Halbband Politische Geschichte. Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 3–45. ISBN 9783110068764. Lepper, F.A. (1948). Trajan's Parthian War. London: Oxford University Press. OCLC 2898605 – via Internet Archive.
Syme 1964, p. 144. Syme, Ronald (1964). "Hadrian and Italica". The Journal of Roman Studies. 54: 142–149. doi:10.2307/298660. JSTOR 298660. S2CID 162241585.
Chase 1897, pp. 103–184. Chase, George Davis (1897). "The Origin of Roman Praenomina". Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. 8: 103–184. doi:10.2307/310491. ISSN 0073-0688.
Syme 1964, p. 145. Syme, Ronald (1964). "Hadrian and Italica". The Journal of Roman Studies. 54: 142–149. doi:10.2307/298660. JSTOR 298660. S2CID 162241585.
Bruun, Christer (1992). "The Spurious 'Expeditio Ivdaeae' under Trajan". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. 93: 99–106. JSTOR 20188742.
Potter, D. S. (1991). "The Inscriptions on the Bronze Herakles from Mesene: Vologeses IV's War with Rome and the Date of Tacitus' "Annales"". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. 88: 277–290. JSTOR 20187558.
Lendon, J. E. (1998). "Three Emperors and the Roman Imperial Regime". The Classical Journal. 94 (1): 87–93. JSTOR 3298268.
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"Porträtbüste: Kaiser Traian". www.khm.at (in German). Retrieved 30 December 2021.

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Appian 2005, Book VII, ch. 38. Appian (2005). "Appian, The Spanish Wars". Livius.org. Translated by White, Horace. Retrieved 30 January 2026.

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Aurelius Victor 2018, ch. 13: Ulpius Traianus ex urbe Tudertina... Aurelius Victor (2018). Epitome de Caesaribus. Translated by Banchich, Thomas M. Archived from the original on 11 March 2022.
"De Imperatoribus Romanis". An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors. Retrieved 21 July 2007. Battle of Sarmizegetusa (Sarmizegetuza), A.D. 105. During Trajan's reign one of the most important Roman successes was the victory over the Dacians. The first important confrontation between the Romans and the Dacians had taken place in the year 87 and was initiated by Domitian. The praetorian prefect Cornelius Fuscus led five or six legions across the Danube on a bridge of ships and advanced towards Banat (in Romania). The Romans were surprised by a Dacian attack at Tapae (near the village of Bucova, in Romania). Legion V Alaude was crushed and Cornelius Fuscus was killed. The victorious Dacian general was called Decebalus (the brave one).
"De Imperatoribus Romanis". An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors. Retrieved 8 November 2007. Because the Dacians represented an obstacle against Roman expansion in the east, in the year 101 the emperor Trajan decided to begin a new campaign against them. The first war began on 25 March 101 and the Roman troops, consisting of four principal legions (X Gemina, XI Claudia, II Traiana Fortis, and XXX Ulpia Victrix), defeated the Dacians.
"Battle of Sarmizegetusa (Sarmizegetuza), A.D. 105: De Imperatoribus Romanis". An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors. Retrieved 8 November 2007. Although the Dacians had been defeated, the emperor postponed the final siege for the conquering of Sarmizegetuza because his armies needed reorganization. Trajan imposed on the Dacians very hard peace conditions: Decebalus had to renounce claim to part of his kingdom, including the Banat, Tara Hategului, Oltenia, and Muntenia in the area south-west of Transylvania. He had also to surrender all the Roman deserters and all his war machines. At Rome, Trajan was received as a winner and he took the name of Dacicus, a title that appears on his coinage of this period. At the beginning of the year 103 A.D., there were minted coins with the inscription: IMP NERVA TRAIANVS AVG GER DACICVS.
"Battle of Sarmizegetusa (Sarmizegetuza), A.D. 105: De Imperatoribus Romanis". An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors. Retrieved 8 November 2007. However, during the years 103–105, Decebalus did not respect the peace conditions imposed by Trajan and the emperor then decided to destroy completely the Dacian kingdom and to conquer Sarmizegetuza.

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www-degruyterbrill-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org

Petit 1975, pp. 367–368. Petit, Paul (1975). "Le IIe siècle àpres J.-C.: État des questions et problemes" [The 2nd century AD: State of the questions and problems]. In Temporini, Hildegard (ed.). Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt (ANRW) (in French). Vol. II.2: Politische Geschichte (Kaisergeschichte). Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-004971-8. Full access available to users of The Wikipedia Library.

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Gering 2011. Gering, Jens (2011). "Rezension zu: Karl Strobel, Kaiser Traian Eine Epoche der Weltgeschichte" [Karl Strobel, Emperor Traian An Epoch of World History] (PDF). Frankfurter elektronische Rundschau zur Altertumskunde (in German). 15. Retrieved 15 December 2015.

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Feriale Duranum 1.14-15: "V K[al](endas) [Feb]rarias... ob imperium [Divi Traiani]."

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Gsell, Stéphane (1887). "Étude sur le rôle politique du Sénat Romain à l'époque de Trajan". Mélanges de l'École française de Rome (in French). 7 (1): 339–382. doi:10.3406/mefr.1887.6514.
Pierre Lambrechts, "Trajan et le récrutement du Sénat", L'antiquité classique, 1936, 5–1, pp. 105–114. Available at . Retrieved 4 January 2015.
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JC Carrière, "À propos de la Politique de Plutarque " – Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, V.3, no.3, 1977. Available at Retrieved 13 December 2014.
Thérèse Renoirte (Sœur), Les "Conseils politiques" de Plutarque. Une lettre ouverte aux Grecs à l'époque de Trajan. Review by Robert Flacelière, L'antiquité classique, 1952, available at . Retrieved 12 December 2014.
E. Guerber, "Les correctores dans la partie hellénophone de l'empire Romain du règne de Trajan à l'avènement de Dioclétien : étude prosopographique" Anatolia Antiqua, V.5, no. 5, 1997; available at . Retrieved 12 December 2014.
Marcel Emerit. "Les derniers travaux des historiens roumains sur la Dacie". In: Revue des Études Anciennes. Tome 41, 1939, n°1. pp. 57–64. available at . Retrieved 23 February 2016.
Richard, Jean-Claude (1985). "Eugen Cizek, L'époque de Trajan. Circonstances politiques et problèmes idéologiques (review)". Bulletin de l'Association Guillaume Budé (in French). 44 (4): 425–426.

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Nathanael John Andrade, "Imitation Greeks": Being Syrian in the Greco-Roman World (175 BCE – 275 CE). Doctoral Thesis, University of Michigan, 2009, p. 192. Available at . Retrieved 11 June 2014.

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Cizek, Eugene (1996). "Tacite face à Trajan". Ítaca: quaderns catalans de cultura clàssica (in Catalan) (9-10-11): 127–128. ISSN 2013-9519.

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Ioan Glodariu, LA ZONE DE SARMIZEGETUSA REGIA ET LES GUERRES DE TRAJAN. Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica, VII, Iasi, 2000. Available at VII, Iasi,2000).pdf. Retrieved 2 July 2014.

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Syme 1964, p. 144. Syme, Ronald (1964). "Hadrian and Italica". The Journal of Roman Studies. 54: 142–149. doi:10.2307/298660. JSTOR 298660. S2CID 162241585.
Syme 1964, p. 145. Syme, Ronald (1964). "Hadrian and Italica". The Journal of Roman Studies. 54: 142–149. doi:10.2307/298660. JSTOR 298660. S2CID 162241585.

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The epitomator of Cassius Dio (72.22) gives the story that Faustina the Elder promised to marry Avidius Cassius. This is also echoed in HA "Marcus Aurelius" 24.
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Aurelius Victor 2018, ch. 13: Ulpius Traianus ex urbe Tudertina... Aurelius Victor (2018). Epitome de Caesaribus. Translated by Banchich, Thomas M. Archived from the original on 11 March 2022.
"Tulane University "Roman Currency of the Principate"". Tulane.edu. Archived from the original on 1 November 2008. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
"Alimenta". Tjbuggey.ancients.info. Archived from the original on 10 February 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
Discovered in 1967 in Pokr Vedi, made of Vedi limestone. Now kept at the History Museum of Armenia (see sign). Arakelyan, Babken (1967). "Լատիներեն արձանագրություններ Արտաշատ մայրաքաղաքից [Inscriptions in Latin from the Ancient Armenian Capital of Artashat]". Patma-Banasirakan Handes (in Armenian) (4): 302–311. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016.

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Various authors have discussed the existence of the province and its location: Maricq (1965, pp. 103, 111) identifies Assyria with Southern Mesopotamia; Lightfoot (1990, pp. 115–126) doubts the actual existence of the province; Bertinelli (1976, pp. 3–45)^{[page needed]} puts Assyria between Mesopotamia and Adiabene; Lepper (1948, p. 146) considers Assyria and Adiabene to be the same province. Maricq, André (1965). "La province d'Assyrie créée par Trajan. A propos de la guerre parthique de Trajan" [The province of Assyria created by Trajan. About the Parthian War of Trajan]. Classica et Oritentalia. Paris: Institut français d'Archéologie de Beyrouth. Lightfoot, C. S. (1990). "Trajan's Parthian War and the Fourth-Century Perspective". The Journal of Roman Studies. 80: 115–126. doi:10.2307/300283. ISSN 0075-4358. Bertinelli, Maria Gabriella Angeli (1976). "I Romani oltre l'Eufrate nel II secolo d. C. (le province di Assiria, di Mesopotamia e di Osroene)" [The Romans beyond the Euphrates in the 2nd century A.D. C. (the provinces of Assyria, Mesopotamia and Osroene)]. In Temporini, Hildegard (ed.). Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt (ANRW) / Rise and Decline of the Roman World (in Italian). Vol. 9:Halbband Politische Geschichte. Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 3–45. ISBN 9783110068764. Lepper, F.A. (1948). Trajan's Parthian War. London: Oxford University Press. OCLC 2898605 – via Internet Archive.
Sherwin-White 1962. Sherwin-White, A. N. (1962). "Trajan's Replies to Pliny: Authorship and Necessity". The Journal of Roman Studies. 52 (1–2): 114–125. ISSN 1753-528X.
Chase 1897, pp. 103–184. Chase, George Davis (1897). "The Origin of Roman Praenomina". Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. 8: 103–184. doi:10.2307/310491. ISSN 0073-0688.
Cizek, Eugene (1996). "Tacite face à Trajan". Ítaca: quaderns catalans de cultura clàssica (in Catalan) (9-10-11): 127–128. ISSN 2013-9519.
Lepper 1948. Lepper, F.A. (1948). Trajan's Parthian War. London: Oxford University Press. OCLC 2898605 – via Internet Archive.
Hekster et al. 2022. Hekster, Olivier; Betjes, Sven; Heijnen, Sam; Iannantuono, Ketty; Jussen, Dennis; Manders, Erika; Syrbe, Daniel (2022). "The Fame of Trajan: A Late Antique Invention". Klio. 104 (2): 693–749. doi:10.1515/klio-2021-0052. ISSN 2192-7669.
Browning 1982, p. 33. Browning, Iain (1982). Jerash and the Decapolis. London: Chatto & Windus. OCLC 1166989366.
Gschwantler, Kurt; Laubenberger, Manuela; Plattner, Georg; Zhuber-Okrog, Karoline; Bernhard-Walcher, Alfred (2012). Haag, Sabine (ed.). Masterpieces in the collection of Greek and Roman antiquities. Sabine Haag, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien. Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum. ISBN 978-3-99020-007-0. OCLC 944109355.

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