Tramadol (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Tramadol" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

120nih.gov

4^th place

103doi.org

2^nd place

45semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

39web.archive.org

1^st place

8worldcat.org

5^th place

5drugs.com

399^th place

333^rd place

4fda.gov

447^th place

338^th place

2books.google.com

3^rd place

2clincalc.com

3,912^th place

2,496^th place

2zenodo.org

621^st place

380^th place

2handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

2espacenet.com

800^th place

676^th place

2cyclingweekly.com

6,757^th place

4,147^th place

2tga.gov.au

3,984^th place

2,622^nd place

2europa.eu

68^th place

117^th place

1medlineplus.gov

1,581^st place

1,299^th place

1in.gov.br

3,151^st place

5,932^nd place

1canada.ca

1,712^th place

1,063^rd place

1medicines.org.uk

3,823^rd place

2,387^th place

1gov.uk

432^nd place

278^th place

1medicinescomplete.com

low place

1medscape.com

719^th place

636^th place

1nhs.uk

1,989^th place

1,528^th place

1helmholtz-muenchen.de

low place

1psu.edu

207^th place

136^th place

1medpagetoday.com

9,274^th place

5,856^th place

1wsj.com

79^th place

65^th place

1canadagazette.gc.ca

low place

1cpicpgx.org

low place

1drugbank.ca

4,294^th place

6,357^th place

1unc.edu

1,538^th place

1,042^nd place

1labtimes.org

low place

1justia.com

696^th place

428^th place

1thefdalawblog.com

low place

1govinfo.gov

1,998^th place

1,116^th place

1archive.today

14^th place

1ohio.gov

5,298^th place

2,893^rd place

1lakemedelsverket.se

low place

1nzoa.org.nz

low place

1africanarguments.org

low place

1bbc.com

20^th place

30^th place

1csis.org

2,367^th place

1,825^th place

1thenation.com

2,088^th place

1,251^st place

1ukat.co.uk

low place

1vaajournal.org

low place

1unito.it

low place

1elsevier.com

610^th place

704^th place

1avma.org

low place

7,496^th place

1tandfonline.com

507^th place

429^th place

africanarguments.org

"If you take Tramadol away, you make Boko Haram weak". African Arguments. 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2019.

archive.today

"Tennessee News: Tramadol and Carisoprodol Now Classified Schedule IV". National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (8 June 2011). Retrieved on 26 December 2012.

avma.org

avmajournals.avma.org

Matthews NS, Hood DM, Guedes AG (2012). "Effect of ketamine hydrochloride on the analgesic effects of tramadol hydrochloride in horses with signs of chronic laminitis-associated pain" (PDF). American Journal of Veterinary Research. 73 (5): 610–619. doi:10.2460/ajvr.73.5.610. ISSN 0002-9645. PMID 22533391.

bbc.com

"Drugs for war: Opioid abuse in West Africa". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2019.

books.google.com

Polsten GR, Wallace MS (21 June 2016). "Analgesic Agents in Rheumatic Disease". In Firestein GS, Budd R, Gabriel SE, McInnes IB, O'Dell JR (eds.). Kelley and Firestein's Textbook of Rheumatology. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 1081–. ISBN 978-0-323-41494-4.
Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 528. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2020.

canada.ca

health-products.canada.ca

"Ralivia Product information". Health Canada. 25 April 2012. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2022.

canadagazette.gc.ca

"Canada Gazette, Part 2, Volume 155, Number 7: Regulations Amending the Narcotic Control Regulations (Tramadol)". Public Works and Government Services Canada. Government of Canada. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2023.

clincalc.com

"The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
"Tramadol Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

cpicpgx.org

"CPIC® Guideline for Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants and CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2B6, SLC6A4, and HTR2A – CPIC". Retrieved 23 November 2023.

csis.org

Tecimer N (23 March 2018). "The Dangerous Opioid from India". csis.org. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2019.

cyclingweekly.com

Ballinger A (22 May 2019). "UCI tests 117 riders for tramadol after painkiller banned in professional cycling". cyclingweekly.com. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
Robertshaw H (2 November 2017). "Tramadol could provide performance enhancement for cyclists, study finds". cyclingweekly.com. Retrieved 17 August 2022.

doi.org

Dayer P, Desmeules J, Collart L (1997). "[Pharmacology of tramadol]". Drugs. 53 (Suppl 2): 18–24. doi:10.2165/00003495-199700532-00006. PMID 9190321. S2CID 46970093.
Leppert W (November–December 2009). "Tramadol as an analgesic for mild to moderate cancer pain". Pharmacological Reports. 61 (6): 978–992. doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70159-8. PMID 20081232. S2CID 4731268.
Raffa RB, Buschmann H, Christoph T, Eichenbaum G, Englberger W, Flores CM, et al. (July 2012). "Mechanistic and functional differentiation of tapentadol and tramadol". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 13 (10): 1437–1449. doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.696097. PMID 22698264. S2CID 24226747.
Grond S, Sablotzki A (2004). "Clinical pharmacology of tramadol". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 43 (13): 879–923. doi:10.2165/00003088-200443130-00004. PMID 15509185. S2CID 32347667.
MacLean AJ, Schwartz TL (May 2015). "Tramadol for the treatment of fibromyalgia". Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 15 (5): 469–475. doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.1034693. PMID 25896486. S2CID 26613022.
Lee CR, McTavish D, Sorkin EM (August 1993). "Tramadol. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in acute and chronic pain states". Drugs. 46 (2): 313–340. doi:10.2165/00003495-199346020-00008. PMID 7691519. S2CID 218465760.
Silber MH, Becker PM, Buchfuhrer MJ, Earley CJ, Ondo WG, Walters AS, et al. (January 2018). "The Appropriate Use of Opioids in the Treatment of Refractory Restless Legs Syndrome". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 93 (1): 59–67. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.11.007. PMID 29304922. In summary, a number of opioid medications in low dose appear effective in refractory RLS. The risks of opioid use are relatively low, taking into account the much lower doses used for RLS compared with those in patients with pain syndromes. As long as reasonable precautions are taken, the risk-benefit ratio is acceptable and opioids should not be unreasonably withheld from such patients.
Winkelmann J, Allen RP, Högl B, Inoue Y, Oertel W, Salminen AV, et al. (July 2018). "Treatment of restless legs syndrome: Evidence-based review and implications for clinical practice (Revised 2017)^§". Movement Disorders. 33 (7): 1077–1091. doi:10.1002/mds.27260. PMID 29756335. S2CID 21669996. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
Lipford MC, Silber MH (December 2012). "Long-term use of pramipexole in the management of restless legs syndrome". Sleep Medicine. 13 (10): 1280–1285. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.08.004. PMID 23036265. For the purposes of this study, augmentation was defined as earlier onset, increased severity, [increased] duration, or new anatomic distribution of RLS symptoms during treatment.
Bloor M, Paech MJ, Kaye R (April 2012). "Tramadol in pregnancy and lactation". International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia. 21 (2): 163–167. doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2011.10.008. PMID 22317891.
Miotto K, Cho AK, Khalil MA, Blanco K, Sasaki JD, Rawson R (January 2017). "Trends in Tramadol: Pharmacology, Metabolism, and Misuse". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 124 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001683. PMID 27861439. S2CID 24224625.
Langley PC, Patkar AD, Boswell KA, Benson CJ, Schein JR (January 2010). "Adverse event profile of tramadol in recent clinical studies of chronic osteoarthritis pain". Current Medical Research and Opinion. 26 (1): 239–251. doi:10.1185/03007990903426787. PMID 19929615. S2CID 20703694.
Keating GM (2006). "Tramadol sustained-release capsules". Drugs. 66 (2): 223–230. doi:10.2165/00003495-200666020-00006. PMID 16451094. S2CID 22620947.
Epstein DH, Preston KL, Jasinski DR (July 2006). "Abuse liability, behavioral pharmacology, and physical-dependence potential of opioids in humans and laboratory animals: lessons from tramadol". Biological Psychology. 73 (1): 90–99. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.01.010. PMC 2943845. PMID 16497429.
Senay EC, Adams EH, Geller A, Inciardi JA, Muñoz A, Schnoll SH, et al. (April 2003). "Physical dependence on Ultram (tramadol hydrochloride): both opioid-like and atypical withdrawal symptoms occur". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 69 (3): 233–241. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.524.5426. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00321-6. PMID 12633909.
Marquardt KA, Alsop JA, Albertson TE (June 2005). "Tramadol exposures reported to statewide poison control system". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 39 (6): 1039–1044. doi:10.1345/aph.1e577. PMID 15870139. S2CID 20959808.
Jovanović-Cupić V, Martinović Z, Nesić N (1 August 2012). "Seizures associated with intoxication and abuse of tramadol". Clinical Toxicology. 44 (2): 143–146. doi:10.1080/1556365050014418. PMID 16615669. S2CID 25269342.
Manouchehri A, Nekoukar Z, Malakian A, Zakariaei Z (August 2023). "Tramadol poisoning and its management and complications: a scoping review". Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 85 (8): 3982–3989. doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000001075. PMC 10406095. PMID 37554850.
Beakley BD, Kaye AM, Kaye AD (14 July 2015). "Tramadol, Pharmacology, Side Effects, and Serotonin Syndrome: A Review". Pain Physician. 18 (4): 395–400. doi:10.36076/ppj.2015/18/395. ISSN 2150-1149.
Ryan NM, Isbister GK (July 2015). "Tramadol overdose causes seizures and respiratory depression but serotonin toxicity appears unlikely". Clinical Toxicology. 53 (6): 545–550. doi:10.3109/15563650.2015.1036279. PMID 25901965. S2CID 23813622.
Taghaddosinejad F, Mehrpour O, Afshari R, Seghatoleslami A, Abdollahi M, Dart RC (September 2011). "Factors related to seizure in tramadol poisoning and its blood concentration". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 7 (3): 183–188. doi:10.1007/s13181-011-0168-0. PMC 3550210. PMID 21735309.
Nakhaee S, Mehrpour O (August 2019). "Tramadol poisoning-associated mortality". Journal of Affective Disorders. 255: 187. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.069. PMID 30987745. S2CID 116863581.
Nakhaee S, Hoyte C, Dart RC, Askari M, Lamarine RJ, Mehrpour O (24 March 2021). "A review on tramadol toxicity: mechanism of action, clinical presentation, and treatment". Forensic Toxicology. 39 (2): 293–310. doi:10.1007/s11419-020-00569-0. ISSN 1860-8965.
Randall C, Crane J (March 2014). "Tramadol deaths in Northern Ireland: a review of cases from 1996 to 2012". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 23: 32–36. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2014.01.006. PMID 24661703.
Kostev K, Von Vultée C, Usinger DM, Reese JP (January 2018). "Tramadol prescription patterns in patients followed by general practitioners and orthopedists in Germany in the year 2015". Postgraduate Medicine. 130 (1): 37–41. doi:10.1080/00325481.2018.1407205. PMID 29157058. S2CID 32933111.
Bernard S, Neville KA, Nguyen AT, Flockhart DA (February 2006). "Interethnic differences in genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 in the U.S. population: clinical implications". The Oncologist. 11 (2): 126–135. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.11-2-126. PMID 16476833.
Miotto K, Cho AK, Khalil MA, Blanco K, Sasaki JD, Rawson R (January 2017). "Trends in Tramadol: Pharmacology, Metabolism, and Misuse". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 124 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001683. PMID 27861439. S2CID 24224625.
Nelson EM, Philbrick AM (December 2012). "Avoiding serotonin syndrome: the nature of the interaction between tramadol and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 46 (12): 1712–1716. doi:10.1345/aph.1q748. PMID 23212934. S2CID 23707808.
Stevens AJ, Woodman RJ, Owen H (February 2015). "The effect of ondansetron on the efficacy of postoperative tramadol: a systematic review and meta-analysis of a drug interaction". Anaesthesia. 70 (2): 209–218. doi:10.1111/anae.12948. PMID 25490944. S2CID 38180309.
Pasternak GW (March 2012). "Preclinical pharmacology and opioid combinations". Pain Medicine. 13 (1): S4-11. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01335.x. PMC 3307386. PMID 22420604.
Kokilambigai KS, Irina VM, Sheba Mariam KC, Adila K, Kathirvel S (September 2024). "Comprehensive overview of analytical and bioanalytical methodologies for the opioid analgesics - Tramadol and combinations". Anal Biochem. 692: 115579. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2024.115579. PMID 38797485.
Vazzana M, Andreani T, Fangueiro J, Faggio C, Silva C, Santini A, et al. (March 2015). "Tramadol hydrochloride: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse side effects, co-administration of drugs and new drug delivery systems". Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 70: 234–238. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2015.01.022. PMID 25776506.
Minami K, Uezono Y, Ueta Y (March 2007). "Pharmacological aspects of the effects of tramadol on G-protein coupled receptors". Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 103 (3): 253–260. doi:10.1254/jphs.cr0060032. PMID 17380034.
Minami K, Ogata J, Uezono Y (October 2015). "What is the main mechanism of tramadol?". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 388 (10): 999–1007. doi:10.1007/s00210-015-1167-5. PMID 26292636. S2CID 9066672.
Wentland MP, Lou R, Lu Q, Bu Y, VanAlstine MA, Cohen DJ, et al. (January 2009). "Syntheses and opioid receptor binding properties of carboxamido-substituted opioids". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 19 (1): 203–208. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.134. PMID 19027293.
Shen Q, Qian Y, Huang X, Xu X, Li W, Liu J, et al. (April 2016). "Discovery of Potent and Selective Agonists of δ Opioid Receptor by Revisiting the "Message-Address" Concept". ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 7 (4): 391–396. doi:10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00423. PMC 4834657. PMID 27096047.
Volpe DA, McMahon Tobin GA, Mellon RD, Katki AG, Parker RJ, Colatsky T, et al. (April 2011). "Uniform assessment and ranking of opioid μ receptor binding constants for selected opioid drugs". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 59 (3): 385–390. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.12.007. PMID 21215785. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
Potschka H, Friderichs E, Löscher W (September 2000). "Anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects of tramadol, its enantiomers and its M1 metabolite in the rat kindling model of epilepsy". British Journal of Pharmacology. 131 (2): 203–212. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703562. PMC 1572317. PMID 10991912.
Codd EE, Shank RP, Schupsky JJ, Raffa RB (September 1995). "Serotonin and norepinephrine uptake inhibiting activity of centrally acting analgesics: structural determinants and role in antinociception". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 274 (3): 1263–1270. doi:10.1016/S0022-3565(25)10630-7. PMID 7562497.
Gillen C, Haurand M, Kobelt DJ, Wnendt S (August 2000). "Affinity, potency and efficacy of tramadol and its metabolites at the cloned human mu-opioid receptor". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 362 (2): 116–121. doi:10.1007/s002100000266. PMID 10961373. S2CID 10459734.
Barann M, Urban B, Stamer U, Dorner Z, Bönisch H, Brüss M (February 2006). "Effects of tramadol and O-demethyl-tramadol on human 5-HT reuptake carriers and human 5-HT3A receptors: a possible mechanism for tramadol-induced early emesis". European Journal of Pharmacology. 531 (1–3): 54–58. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.11.054. PMID 16427041.
Raffa RB, Friderichs E, Reimann W, Shank RP, Codd EE, Vaught JL (January 1992). "Opioid and nonopioid components independently contribute to the mechanism of action of tramadol, an 'atypical' opioid analgesic". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 260 (1): 275–285. doi:10.1016/S0022-3565(25)11227-5. PMID 1309873.
Ogata J, Minami K, Uezono Y, Okamoto T, Shiraishi M, Shigematsu A, et al. (May 2004). "The inhibitory effects of tramadol on 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2C receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 98 (5): 1401–6, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000108963.77623.A4. PMID 15105221. S2CID 41718739.
Horishita T, Minami K, Uezono Y, Shiraishi M, Ogata J, Okamoto T, et al. (2006). "The tramadol metabolite, O-desmethyl tramadol, inhibits 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2C receptors expressed in Xenopus Oocytes". Pharmacology. 77 (2): 93–99. doi:10.1159/000093179. PMID 16679816. S2CID 23775035.
Okamoto T, Minami K, Uezono Y, Ogata J, Shiraishi M, Shigematsu A, et al. (July 2003). "The inhibitory effects of ketamine and pentobarbital on substance p receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 97 (1): 104–10, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000066260.99680.11. PMID 12818951. S2CID 35809206.
Minami K, Yokoyama T, Ogata J, Uezono Y (2011). "The tramadol metabolite O-desmethyl tramadol inhibits substance P-receptor functions expressed in Xenopus oocytes". Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 115 (3): 421–424. doi:10.1254/jphs.10313sc. PMID 21372504.
Shiraishi M, Minami K, Uezono Y, Yanagihara N, Shigematsu A (October 2001). "Inhibition by tramadol of muscarinic receptor-induced responses in cultured adrenal medullary cells and in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing cloned M1 receptors". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 299 (1): 255–260. doi:10.1016/S0022-3565(24)29325-3. PMID 11561087.
Nakamura M, Minami K, Uezono Y, Horishita T, Ogata J, Shiraishi M, et al. (July 2005). "The effects of the tramadol metabolite O-desmethyl tramadol on muscarinic receptor-induced responses in Xenopus oocytes expressing cloned M1 or M3 receptors". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 101 (1): 180–6, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000154303.93909.A3. PMID 15976229. S2CID 23861688.
Shiga Y, Minami K, Shiraishi M, Uezono Y, Murasaki O, Kaibara M, et al. (November 2002). "The inhibitory effects of tramadol on muscarinic receptor-induced responses in Xenopus oocytes expressing cloned M(3) receptors". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 95 (5): 1269–73, table of contents. doi:10.1097/00000539-200211000-00031. PMID 12401609. S2CID 39621215.
Shiraishi M, Minami K, Uezono Y, Yanagihara N, Shigematsu A, Shibuya I (May 2002). "Inhibitory effects of tramadol on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in adrenal chromaffin cells and in Xenopus oocytes expressing alpha 7 receptors". British Journal of Pharmacology. 136 (2): 207–216. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704703. PMC 1573343. PMID 12010769.
Sánchez-Fernández C, Montilla-García Á, González-Cano R, Nieto FR, Romero L, Artacho-Cordón A, et al. (January 2014). "Modulation of peripheral μ-opioid analgesia by σ1 receptors". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 348 (1): 32–45. doi:10.1124/jpet.113.208272. PMID 24155346. S2CID 6884854.
Hara K, Minami K, Sata T (May 2005). "The effects of tramadol and its metabolite on glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acidA, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 100 (5): 1400–1405. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000150961.24747.98. PMID 15845694. S2CID 35342038.
Miyano K, Minami K, Yokoyama T, Ohbuchi K, Yamaguchi T, Murakami S, et al. (April 2015). "Tramadol and its metabolite m1 selectively suppress transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 activity, but not transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activity". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 120 (4): 790–798. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000000625. PMID 25642661. S2CID 8082654.
Marincsák R, Tóth BI, Czifra G, Szabó T, Kovács L, Bíró T (June 2008). "The analgesic drug, tramadol, acts as an agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 106 (6): 1890–1896. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e318172fefc. PMID 18499628. S2CID 45854233.
Rothman RB, Baumann MH (2006). "Therapeutic potential of monoamine transporter substrates". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (17): 1845–1859. doi:10.2174/156802606778249766. PMID 17017961. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
Minami K, Sudo Y, Miyano K, Murphy RS, Uezono Y (June 2015). "μ-Opioid receptor activation by tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol (M1)". Journal of Anesthesia. 29 (3): 475–479. doi:10.1007/s00540-014-1946-z. PMID 25394761. S2CID 7091648.
Coller JK, Christrup LL, Somogyi AA (February 2009). "Role of active metabolites in the use of opioids". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 65 (2): 121–139. doi:10.1007/s00228-008-0570-y. PMID 18958460. S2CID 9977741.
Driessen B, Reimann W (January 1992). "Interaction of the central analgesic, tramadol, with the uptake and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the rat brain in vitro". British Journal of Pharmacology. 105 (1): 147–151. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14226.x. PMC 1908625. PMID 1596676.
Bamigbade TA, Davidson C, Langford RM, Stamford JA (September 1997). "Actions of tramadol, its enantiomers and principal metabolite, O-desmethyltramadol, on serotonin (5-HT) efflux and uptake in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 79 (3): 352–356. doi:10.1093/bja/79.3.352. PMID 9389855. S2CID 15630689.
Reimann W, Schneider F (May 1998). "Induction of 5-hydroxytryptamine release by tramadol, fenfluramine and reserpine". European Journal of Pharmacology. 349 (2–3): 199–203. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(98)00195-2. PMID 9671098.
Gobbi M, Moia M, Pirona L, Ceglia I, Reyes-Parada M, Scorza C, et al. (September 2002). "p-Methylthioamphetamine and 1-(m-chlorophenyl)piperazine, two non-neurotoxic 5-HT releasers in vivo, differ from neurotoxic amphetamine derivatives in their mode of action at 5-HT nerve endings in vitro". Journal of Neurochemistry. 82 (6): 1435–1443. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01073.x. hdl:10533/173421. PMID 12354291. S2CID 13397864.
Gobbi M, Mennini T (April 1999). "Release studies with rat brain cortical synaptosomes indicate that tramadol is a 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake blocker and not a 5-hydroxytryptamine releaser". European Journal of Pharmacology. 370 (1): 23–26. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00123-5. PMID 10323276.
Driessen B, Reimann W, Giertz H (March 1993). "Effects of the central analgesic tramadol on the uptake and release of noradrenaline and dopamine in vitro". British Journal of Pharmacology. 108 (3): 806–811. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb12882.x. PMC 1908052. PMID 8467366.
Reimann W, Hennies HH (June 1994). "Inhibition of spinal noradrenaline uptake in rats by the centrally acting analgesic tramadol". Biochemical Pharmacology. 47 (12): 2289–2293. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(94)90267-4. PMID 8031323.
Halfpenny DM, Callado LF, Hopwood SE, Bamigbade TA, Langford RM, Stamford JA (December 1999). "Effects of tramadol stereoisomers on norepinephrine efflux and uptake in the rat locus coeruleus measured by real time voltammetry". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 83 (6): 909–915. doi:10.1093/bja/83.6.909. PMID 10700792. S2CID 17830312.
Ogawa K, Tateno A, Arakawa R, Sakayori T, Ikeda Y, Suzuki H, et al. (June 2014). "Occupancy of serotonin transporter by tramadol: a positron emission tomography study with [11C]DASB". The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 17 (6): 845–850. doi:10.1017/S1461145713001764. PMID 24423243.
Tao Q, Stone DJ, Borenstein MR, Codd EE, Coogan TP, Desai-Krieger D, et al. (April 2002). "Differential tramadol and O-desmethyl metabolite levels in brain vs. plasma of mice and rats administered tramadol hydrochloride orally". Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 27 (2): 99–106. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2710.2002.00384.x. PMID 11975693. S2CID 42370985.
Gibson TP (July 1996). "Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of analgesia with a focus on tramadol HCl". The American Journal of Medicine. 101 (1A): 47S – 53S. doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(96)00138-6. PMID 8764760.
Dayer P, Collart L, Desmeules J (1994). "The pharmacology of tramadol". Drugs. 47 (Suppl 1): 3–7. doi:10.2165/00003495-199400471-00003. PMID 7517823. S2CID 33474225.
Nobilis M, Kopecký J, Kvetina J, Chládek J, Svoboda Z, Vorísek V, et al. (March 2002). "High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of tramadol and its O-desmethylated metabolite in blood plasma. Application to a bioequivalence study in humans". Journal of Chromatography A. 949 (1–2): 11–22. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01567-9. PMID 11999728.
Yanarates O, Dogrul A, Yildirim V, Sahin A, Sizlan A, Seyrek M, et al. (March 2010). "Spinal 5-HT7 receptors play an important role in the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects of tramadol and its metabolite, O-Desmethyltramadol, via activation of descending serotonergic pathways". Anesthesiology. 112 (3): 696–710. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181cd7920. PMID 20179508. S2CID 11913166.
Micó JA, Ardid D, Berrocoso E, Eschalier A (July 2006). "Antidepressants and pain". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 27 (7): 348–354. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2006.05.004. PMID 16762426.
Leppert W (2011). "CYP2D6 in the metabolism of opioids for mild to moderate pain". Pharmacology. 87 (5–6): 274–285. doi:10.1159/000326085. PMID 21494059.
Samer CF, Lorenzini KI, Rollason V, Daali Y, Desmeules JA (June 2013). "Applications of CYP450 testing in the clinical setting". Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy. 17 (3): 165–184. doi:10.1007/s40291-013-0028-5. PMC 3663206. PMID 23588782.
Zynovy Z, Meckler H (2000). "A Practical Procedure for the Resolution of (+)- and (−)-Tramadol". Organic Process Research & Development. 4 (4): 291–294. doi:10.1021/op000281v.
Burke D, Henderson DJ (April 2002). "Chirality: a blueprint for the future". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 88 (4): 563–576. doi:10.1093/bja/88.4.563. PMID 12066734.
Raffa RB, Friderichs E, Reimann W, Shank RP, Codd EE, Vaught JL, et al. (October 1993). "Complementary and synergistic antinociceptive interaction between the enantiomers of tramadol". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 267 (1): 331–340. doi:10.1016/S0022-3565(25)39454-1. PMID 8229760.
Grond S, Meuser T, Zech D, Hennig U, Lehmann KA (September 1995). "Analgesic efficacy and safety of tramadol enantiomers in comparison with the racemate: a randomised, double-blind study with gynaecological patients using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia". Pain. 62 (3): 313–320. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00274-I. PMID 8657431. S2CID 34150137.
Karhu D, El-Jammal A, Dupain T, Gaulin D, Bouchard S (September 2007). "Pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of three Tramadol Contramid OAD tablet strengths". Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition. 28 (6): 323–330. doi:10.1002/bdd.561. PMID 17575561. S2CID 22720069.
Tjäderborn M, Jönsson AK, Hägg S, Ahlner J (December 2007). "Fatal unintentional intoxications with tramadol during 1995-2005". Forensic Science International. 173 (2–3): 107–111. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.02.007. PMID 17350197.
Kusari S, Tatsimo SJ, Zühlke S, Talontsi FM, Kouam SF, Spiteller M (November 2014). "Tramadol--a true natural product?". Angewandte Chemie. 53 (45): 12073–12076. doi:10.1002/anie.201406639. PMID 25219922.
Boumendjel A, Sotoing Taïwe G, Ngo Bum E, Chabrol T, Beney C, Sinniger V, et al. (November 2013). "Occurrence of the synthetic analgesic tramadol in an African medicinal plant". Angewandte Chemie. 52 (45): 11780–11784. doi:10.1002/anie.201305697. PMID 24014188.
Kusari S, Tatsimo SJ, Zühlke S, Spiteller M (January 2016). "Synthetic Origin of Tramadol in the Environment". Angewandte Chemie. 55 (1): 240–243. doi:10.1002/anie.201508646. PMID 26473295. S2CID 39558505.
Winstock AR, Borschmann R, Bell J (September 2014). "The non-medical use of tramadol in the UK: findings from a large community sample". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 68 (9): 1147–1151. doi:10.1111/ijcp.12429. PMID 24734958. S2CID 21883884.
Harati Y, Gooch C, Swenson M, Edelman S, Greene D, Raskin P, et al. (June 1998). "Double-blind randomized trial of tramadol for the treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy". Neurology. 50 (6): 1842–1846. doi:10.1212/WNL.50.6.1842. PMID 9633738. S2CID 45709223.
Harati Y, Gooch C, Swenson M, Edelman SV, Greene D, Raskin P, et al. (2000). "Maintenance of the long-term effectiveness of tramadol in treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy". Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 14 (2): 65–70. doi:10.1016/S1056-8727(00)00060-X. PMID 10959067.
Barber J (April 2011). "Examining the use of tramadol hydrochloride as an antidepressant". Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 19 (2): 123–130. doi:10.1037/a0022721. PMID 21463069.
Göbel H, Stadler T (1997). "[Treatment of post-herpes zoster pain with tramadol. Results of an open pilot study versus clomipramine with or without levomepromazine]". Drugs (in French). 53 (Suppl 2): 34–39. doi:10.2165/00003495-199700532-00008. PMID 9190323. S2CID 46986791.
Boureau F, Legallicier P, Kabir-Ahmadi M (July 2003). "Tramadol in post-herpetic neuralgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial". Pain. 104 (1–2): 323–331. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(03)00020-4. PMID 12855342. S2CID 42979548.
Wu T, Yue X, Duan X, Luo D, Cheng Y, Tian Y, et al. (September 2012). "Efficacy and safety of tramadol for premature ejaculation: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Urology. 80 (3): 618–624. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2012.05.035. PMID 22840860.
Wong BL, Malde S (January 2013). "The use of tramadol "on-demand" for premature ejaculation: a systematic review". Urology. 81 (1): 98–103. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2012.08.037. PMID 23102445.
Ryan T, Hodge A, Holyoak R, Vlok R, Melhuish T, Binks M, et al. (July 2019). "Tramadol as an adjunct to intra-articular local anaesthetic infiltration in knee arthroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis". ANZ Journal of Surgery. 89 (7–8): 827–832. doi:10.1111/ans.14920. PMID 30684306. S2CID 59275648.
Tarragona L, Franco JV, Kreil V, Fravega R, Diaz A, Verdier N, et al. (2021). "Efficacy of tramadol for postoperative pain management in dogs: systematic review and meta-analysis". Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 48 (3): 283–296. doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2021.01.003. PMID 33745825.
Panti A, Mazeri S, Fernandes KA, Handel IG, Bronsvoort BM, Gamble L, et al. (2019). "Randomised trial of perioperative tramadol for canine sterilisation pain management". Veterinary Record. 185 (13): 406–406. doi:10.1136/vr.105009. hdl:20.500.11820/ad9cec44-ac63-4f9a-a3ab-25978c896365. ISSN 0042-4900. PMID 31320545.
Mancusi D, Olimpo M, Gastaldi L, Rosso V, Panero E, Staffieri F, et al. (2021). "Post-operative analgesia following TPLO surgery: A comparison between cimicoxib and tramadol" (PDF). Research in Veterinary Science. 136: 351–359. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.010. PMID 33773391.
Bauquier SH (2022). "Randomised clinical trial comparing the perioperative analgesic efficacy of oral tramadol and intramuscular tramadol in cats". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 24 (8): 683–690. doi:10.1177/1098612X211040406. ISSN 1098-612X. PMC 10812277. PMID 34493100.
Silva RA, Cardozo LB, Kahvegian MA, Rossetto TC, Matera JM, Fantoni DT, et al. (2014). "Comparison of preoperative tramadol and pethidine on postoperative pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy". BMC Veterinary Research. 10 (1): 252. doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0252-1. ISSN 1746-6148. PMC 4200196. PMID 25310968.
Meadows J, Pypendop B, Johnson E, Guedes A (2017). "Evaluation of tramadol in osteoarthritic geriatric cats". Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 44 (1): 195.e13. doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2016.12.056.
Wilson DV, Robinson E, Tobin TT, Dirokulu L, Dhanjal JK (2009). "Intravenous tramadol: effects, nociceptive properties, and pharmacokinetics in horses". Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 36 (6): 581–590. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00492.x. PMID 19845931.
Azarnoosh A, Ashar FS, Dehghan MM, Mohebbi Z, Akbarinejad V, Corley K, et al. (2018). "Comparison of Analgesic Effects of a Constant Rate Infusion of Both Tramadol and Acetaminophen Versus those of Infusions of Each Individual Drug in Horses". Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 64: 101–106. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2018.02.015. PMID 30973144. Retrieved 5 June 2025.
Matthews NS, Hood DM, Guedes AG (2012). "Effect of ketamine hydrochloride on the analgesic effects of tramadol hydrochloride in horses with signs of chronic laminitis-associated pain" (PDF). American Journal of Veterinary Research. 73 (5): 610–619. doi:10.2460/ajvr.73.5.610. ISSN 0002-9645. PMID 22533391.
Chiaradia E, della Rocca G, Giorgi M, Mancini F, Marenzoni ML, Conti MB, et al. (1 January 2018). "Efficacy, chondrotoxicity and plasma concentrations of tramadol following intra-articular administration in horses undergoing arthroscopy: preliminary findings". The Veterinary Quarterly. 38 (1): 129–137. doi:10.1080/01652176.2018.1546963. ISSN 0165-2176. PMC 6831008. PMID 30773122.
Souza MJ, Cox SK (January 2011). "Tramadol use in zoologic medicine". The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice. 14 (1): 117–130. doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2010.09.005. PMID 21074707.

drugbank.ca

"Tramadol". drugbank.ca. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019.

drugs.com

"Tramadol". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
"Tramadol Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 14 October 2019. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
"Tramadol Hydrochloride". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
"Tramadol Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
"Tramadol Dosage Guide with Precautions". Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2017.

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Azarnoosh A, Ashar FS, Dehghan MM, Mohebbi Z, Akbarinejad V, Corley K, et al. (2018). "Comparison of Analgesic Effects of a Constant Rate Infusion of Both Tramadol and Acetaminophen Versus those of Infusions of Each Individual Drug in Horses". Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 64: 101–106. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2018.02.015. PMID 30973144. Retrieved 5 June 2025.

espacenet.com

worldwide.espacenet.com

US patent 6254887, Miller RB, Leslie ST, Malkowska ST, Smith KJ, Wimmer S, Winkler H, Hahn U, Prater DA, "Controlled Release Tramadol", issued 3 July 2001
US patent 7074430, Miller RB, Malkowska ST, Wimmer S, Hahn U, Leslie ST, Smith KJ, Winkler H, Prater DA, "Controlled Release Tramadol Tramadol Formulation", issued 11 July 2006

europa.eu

ema.europa.eu

"List of nationally authorized medicinal products" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. 28 January 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2024.

emcdda.europa.eu

White M. "Tramadol Deaths in the United Kingdom" (pdf_e). Public Health England. Archived from the original on 7 April 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2018.

fda.gov

"FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA evaluating the risks of using the pain medicine tramadol in children aged 17 and younger". FDA. FDA Drug Safety and Availability. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
Office of the Commissioner. "Press Announcements – FDA statement from Douglas Throckmorton, M.D., deputy center director for regulatory programs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, on new warnings about the use of codeine and tramadol in children & nursing mothers". fda.gov. Archived from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
"FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA restricts use of prescription codeine pain and cough medicines and tramadol pain medicines in children; recommends against use in breastfeeding women". Food and Drug Administration. 9 February 2019. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2017.

accessdata.fda.gov

FDA AccessData entry for Tramadol Hydrochloride Archived 25 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 17 August 2009.

gov.uk

"Scheduling of tramadol and exemptions for temazepam prescriptions". UK Government. 22 July 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2023.

govinfo.gov

"Federal Registrar" (PDF). gpo.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2024.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Gobbi M, Moia M, Pirona L, Ceglia I, Reyes-Parada M, Scorza C, et al. (September 2002). "p-Methylthioamphetamine and 1-(m-chlorophenyl)piperazine, two non-neurotoxic 5-HT releasers in vivo, differ from neurotoxic amphetamine derivatives in their mode of action at 5-HT nerve endings in vitro". Journal of Neurochemistry. 82 (6): 1435–1443. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01073.x. hdl:10533/173421. PMID 12354291. S2CID 13397864.
Panti A, Mazeri S, Fernandes KA, Handel IG, Bronsvoort BM, Gamble L, et al. (2019). "Randomised trial of perioperative tramadol for canine sterilisation pain management". Veterinary Record. 185 (13): 406–406. doi:10.1136/vr.105009. hdl:20.500.11820/ad9cec44-ac63-4f9a-a3ab-25978c896365. ISSN 0042-4900. PMID 31320545.

helmholtz-muenchen.de

push-zb.helmholtz-muenchen.de

Winkelmann J, Allen RP, Högl B, Inoue Y, Oertel W, Salminen AV, et al. (July 2018). "Treatment of restless legs syndrome: Evidence-based review and implications for clinical practice (Revised 2017)^§". Movement Disorders. 33 (7): 1077–1091. doi:10.1002/mds.27260. PMID 29756335. S2CID 21669996. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2021.

in.gov.br

Anvisa (31 March 2023). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 4 April 2023). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.

justia.com

cases.justia.com

Purdue Pharma Prods. L.P. v. Par Pharm., Inc., 377 Fed.Appx. 978 (Fed. Cir. 2010).

labtimes.org

Who Really did it First? Nature or a Pharmacist? Archived 22 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine, in Lab Times online; by Nicola Hunt; published 22 September 2014; retrieved 21 November 2015

lakemedelsverket.se

"Substansen tramadol nu narkotikaklassad på samma sätt som kodein och dextropropoxifen" (in Swedish). Lakemedelsverket. 14 May 2008. Archived from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2019.

medicines.org.uk

"Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 4 July 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2025.

medicinescomplete.com

Brayfield A, ed. (13 December 2013). "Tramadol Hydrochloride". Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. Pharmaceutical Press. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2014.

medlineplus.gov

"Tramadol". MedlinePlus. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 1 September 2008. Archived from the original on 24 September 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2024.

medpagetoday.com

Fauber J (22 December 2013). "Killing Pain: Tramadol the 'Safe' Drug of Abuse". Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2018.

medscape.com

reference.medscape.com

"Ultram, Ultram ER (tramadol) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more". Medscape Reference. WebMD. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2024.

nhs.uk

"Treatment – Fibromyalgia (NHS)". NHS. 20 February 2019. Archived from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2020.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dayer P, Desmeules J, Collart L (1997). "[Pharmacology of tramadol]". Drugs. 53 (Suppl 2): 18–24. doi:10.2165/00003495-199700532-00006. PMID 9190321. S2CID 46970093.
Leppert W (November–December 2009). "Tramadol as an analgesic for mild to moderate cancer pain". Pharmacological Reports. 61 (6): 978–992. doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70159-8. PMID 20081232. S2CID 4731268.
Raffa RB, Buschmann H, Christoph T, Eichenbaum G, Englberger W, Flores CM, et al. (July 2012). "Mechanistic and functional differentiation of tapentadol and tramadol". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 13 (10): 1437–1449. doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.696097. PMID 22698264. S2CID 24226747.
Grond S, Sablotzki A (2004). "Clinical pharmacology of tramadol". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 43 (13): 879–923. doi:10.2165/00003088-200443130-00004. PMID 15509185. S2CID 32347667.
MacLean AJ, Schwartz TL (May 2015). "Tramadol for the treatment of fibromyalgia". Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 15 (5): 469–475. doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.1034693. PMID 25896486. S2CID 26613022.
Lee CR, McTavish D, Sorkin EM (August 1993). "Tramadol. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in acute and chronic pain states". Drugs. 46 (2): 313–340. doi:10.2165/00003495-199346020-00008. PMID 7691519. S2CID 218465760.
Silber MH, Becker PM, Buchfuhrer MJ, Earley CJ, Ondo WG, Walters AS, et al. (January 2018). "The Appropriate Use of Opioids in the Treatment of Refractory Restless Legs Syndrome". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 93 (1): 59–67. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.11.007. PMID 29304922. In summary, a number of opioid medications in low dose appear effective in refractory RLS. The risks of opioid use are relatively low, taking into account the much lower doses used for RLS compared with those in patients with pain syndromes. As long as reasonable precautions are taken, the risk-benefit ratio is acceptable and opioids should not be unreasonably withheld from such patients.
Winkelmann J, Allen RP, Högl B, Inoue Y, Oertel W, Salminen AV, et al. (July 2018). "Treatment of restless legs syndrome: Evidence-based review and implications for clinical practice (Revised 2017)^§". Movement Disorders. 33 (7): 1077–1091. doi:10.1002/mds.27260. PMID 29756335. S2CID 21669996. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
Lipford MC, Silber MH (December 2012). "Long-term use of pramipexole in the management of restless legs syndrome". Sleep Medicine. 13 (10): 1280–1285. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.08.004. PMID 23036265. For the purposes of this study, augmentation was defined as earlier onset, increased severity, [increased] duration, or new anatomic distribution of RLS symptoms during treatment.
Bloor M, Paech MJ, Kaye R (April 2012). "Tramadol in pregnancy and lactation". International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia. 21 (2): 163–167. doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2011.10.008. PMID 22317891.
Miotto K, Cho AK, Khalil MA, Blanco K, Sasaki JD, Rawson R (January 2017). "Trends in Tramadol: Pharmacology, Metabolism, and Misuse". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 124 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001683. PMID 27861439. S2CID 24224625.
Langley PC, Patkar AD, Boswell KA, Benson CJ, Schein JR (January 2010). "Adverse event profile of tramadol in recent clinical studies of chronic osteoarthritis pain". Current Medical Research and Opinion. 26 (1): 239–251. doi:10.1185/03007990903426787. PMID 19929615. S2CID 20703694.
Keating GM (2006). "Tramadol sustained-release capsules". Drugs. 66 (2): 223–230. doi:10.2165/00003495-200666020-00006. PMID 16451094. S2CID 22620947.
""Weak" opioid analgesics. Codeine, dihydrocodeine and tramadol: no less risky than morphine". Prescrire International. 25 (168): 45–50. February 2016. PMID 27042732.
"Withdrawal syndrome and dependence: tramadol too". Prescrire International. 12 (65): 99–100. June 2003. PMID 12825576.
Epstein DH, Preston KL, Jasinski DR (July 2006). "Abuse liability, behavioral pharmacology, and physical-dependence potential of opioids in humans and laboratory animals: lessons from tramadol". Biological Psychology. 73 (1): 90–99. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.01.010. PMC 2943845. PMID 16497429.
Senay EC, Adams EH, Geller A, Inciardi JA, Muñoz A, Schnoll SH, et al. (April 2003). "Physical dependence on Ultram (tramadol hydrochloride): both opioid-like and atypical withdrawal symptoms occur". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 69 (3): 233–241. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.524.5426. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00321-6. PMID 12633909.
Marquardt KA, Alsop JA, Albertson TE (June 2005). "Tramadol exposures reported to statewide poison control system". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 39 (6): 1039–1044. doi:10.1345/aph.1e577. PMID 15870139. S2CID 20959808.
Jovanović-Cupić V, Martinović Z, Nesić N (1 August 2012). "Seizures associated with intoxication and abuse of tramadol". Clinical Toxicology. 44 (2): 143–146. doi:10.1080/1556365050014418. PMID 16615669. S2CID 25269342.
Manouchehri A, Nekoukar Z, Malakian A, Zakariaei Z (August 2023). "Tramadol poisoning and its management and complications: a scoping review". Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 85 (8): 3982–3989. doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000001075. PMC 10406095. PMID 37554850.
Ryan NM, Isbister GK (July 2015). "Tramadol overdose causes seizures and respiratory depression but serotonin toxicity appears unlikely". Clinical Toxicology. 53 (6): 545–550. doi:10.3109/15563650.2015.1036279. PMID 25901965. S2CID 23813622.
Taghaddosinejad F, Mehrpour O, Afshari R, Seghatoleslami A, Abdollahi M, Dart RC (September 2011). "Factors related to seizure in tramadol poisoning and its blood concentration". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 7 (3): 183–188. doi:10.1007/s13181-011-0168-0. PMC 3550210. PMID 21735309.
Nakhaee S, Mehrpour O (August 2019). "Tramadol poisoning-associated mortality". Journal of Affective Disorders. 255: 187. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.069. PMID 30987745. S2CID 116863581.
Randall C, Crane J (March 2014). "Tramadol deaths in Northern Ireland: a review of cases from 1996 to 2012". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 23: 32–36. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2014.01.006. PMID 24661703.
Kostev K, Von Vultée C, Usinger DM, Reese JP (January 2018). "Tramadol prescription patterns in patients followed by general practitioners and orthopedists in Germany in the year 2015". Postgraduate Medicine. 130 (1): 37–41. doi:10.1080/00325481.2018.1407205. PMID 29157058. S2CID 32933111.
Bernard S, Neville KA, Nguyen AT, Flockhart DA (February 2006). "Interethnic differences in genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 in the U.S. population: clinical implications". The Oncologist. 11 (2): 126–135. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.11-2-126. PMID 16476833.
Miotto K, Cho AK, Khalil MA, Blanco K, Sasaki JD, Rawson R (January 2017). "Trends in Tramadol: Pharmacology, Metabolism, and Misuse". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 124 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001683. PMID 27861439. S2CID 24224625.
Nelson EM, Philbrick AM (December 2012). "Avoiding serotonin syndrome: the nature of the interaction between tramadol and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 46 (12): 1712–1716. doi:10.1345/aph.1q748. PMID 23212934. S2CID 23707808.
Stevens AJ, Woodman RJ, Owen H (February 2015). "The effect of ondansetron on the efficacy of postoperative tramadol: a systematic review and meta-analysis of a drug interaction". Anaesthesia. 70 (2): 209–218. doi:10.1111/anae.12948. PMID 25490944. S2CID 38180309.
Pasternak GW (March 2012). "Preclinical pharmacology and opioid combinations". Pain Medicine. 13 (1): S4-11. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01335.x. PMC 3307386. PMID 22420604.
Sansone RA, Sansone LA (April 2009). "Tramadol: seizures, serotonin syndrome, and coadministered antidepressants". Psychiatry. 6 (4): 17–21. PMC 2714818. PMID 19724727.
Kokilambigai KS, Irina VM, Sheba Mariam KC, Adila K, Kathirvel S (September 2024). "Comprehensive overview of analytical and bioanalytical methodologies for the opioid analgesics - Tramadol and combinations". Anal Biochem. 692: 115579. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2024.115579. PMID 38797485.
Vazzana M, Andreani T, Fangueiro J, Faggio C, Silva C, Santini A, et al. (March 2015). "Tramadol hydrochloride: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse side effects, co-administration of drugs and new drug delivery systems". Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 70: 234–238. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2015.01.022. PMID 25776506.
Minami K, Uezono Y, Ueta Y (March 2007). "Pharmacological aspects of the effects of tramadol on G-protein coupled receptors". Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 103 (3): 253–260. doi:10.1254/jphs.cr0060032. PMID 17380034.
Minami K, Ogata J, Uezono Y (October 2015). "What is the main mechanism of tramadol?". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 388 (10): 999–1007. doi:10.1007/s00210-015-1167-5. PMID 26292636. S2CID 9066672.
Wentland MP, Lou R, Lu Q, Bu Y, VanAlstine MA, Cohen DJ, et al. (January 2009). "Syntheses and opioid receptor binding properties of carboxamido-substituted opioids". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 19 (1): 203–208. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.134. PMID 19027293.
Shen Q, Qian Y, Huang X, Xu X, Li W, Liu J, et al. (April 2016). "Discovery of Potent and Selective Agonists of δ Opioid Receptor by Revisiting the "Message-Address" Concept". ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 7 (4): 391–396. doi:10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00423. PMC 4834657. PMID 27096047.
Volpe DA, McMahon Tobin GA, Mellon RD, Katki AG, Parker RJ, Colatsky T, et al. (April 2011). "Uniform assessment and ranking of opioid μ receptor binding constants for selected opioid drugs". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 59 (3): 385–390. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.12.007. PMID 21215785. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
Potschka H, Friderichs E, Löscher W (September 2000). "Anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects of tramadol, its enantiomers and its M1 metabolite in the rat kindling model of epilepsy". British Journal of Pharmacology. 131 (2): 203–212. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703562. PMC 1572317. PMID 10991912.
Codd EE, Shank RP, Schupsky JJ, Raffa RB (September 1995). "Serotonin and norepinephrine uptake inhibiting activity of centrally acting analgesics: structural determinants and role in antinociception". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 274 (3): 1263–1270. doi:10.1016/S0022-3565(25)10630-7. PMID 7562497.
Gillen C, Haurand M, Kobelt DJ, Wnendt S (August 2000). "Affinity, potency and efficacy of tramadol and its metabolites at the cloned human mu-opioid receptor". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 362 (2): 116–121. doi:10.1007/s002100000266. PMID 10961373. S2CID 10459734.
Frink MC, Hennies HH, Englberger W, Haurand M, Wilffert B (November 1996). "Influence of tramadol on neurotransmitter systems of the rat brain". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 46 (11): 1029–1036. PMID 8955860.
Barann M, Urban B, Stamer U, Dorner Z, Bönisch H, Brüss M (February 2006). "Effects of tramadol and O-demethyl-tramadol on human 5-HT reuptake carriers and human 5-HT3A receptors: a possible mechanism for tramadol-induced early emesis". European Journal of Pharmacology. 531 (1–3): 54–58. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.11.054. PMID 16427041.
Raffa RB, Friderichs E, Reimann W, Shank RP, Codd EE, Vaught JL (January 1992). "Opioid and nonopioid components independently contribute to the mechanism of action of tramadol, an 'atypical' opioid analgesic". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 260 (1): 275–285. doi:10.1016/S0022-3565(25)11227-5. PMID 1309873.
Ogata J, Minami K, Uezono Y, Okamoto T, Shiraishi M, Shigematsu A, et al. (May 2004). "The inhibitory effects of tramadol on 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2C receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 98 (5): 1401–6, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000108963.77623.A4. PMID 15105221. S2CID 41718739.
Horishita T, Minami K, Uezono Y, Shiraishi M, Ogata J, Okamoto T, et al. (2006). "The tramadol metabolite, O-desmethyl tramadol, inhibits 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2C receptors expressed in Xenopus Oocytes". Pharmacology. 77 (2): 93–99. doi:10.1159/000093179. PMID 16679816. S2CID 23775035.
Okamoto T, Minami K, Uezono Y, Ogata J, Shiraishi M, Shigematsu A, et al. (July 2003). "The inhibitory effects of ketamine and pentobarbital on substance p receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 97 (1): 104–10, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000066260.99680.11. PMID 12818951. S2CID 35809206.
Minami K, Yokoyama T, Ogata J, Uezono Y (2011). "The tramadol metabolite O-desmethyl tramadol inhibits substance P-receptor functions expressed in Xenopus oocytes". Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 115 (3): 421–424. doi:10.1254/jphs.10313sc. PMID 21372504.
Shiraishi M, Minami K, Uezono Y, Yanagihara N, Shigematsu A (October 2001). "Inhibition by tramadol of muscarinic receptor-induced responses in cultured adrenal medullary cells and in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing cloned M1 receptors". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 299 (1): 255–260. doi:10.1016/S0022-3565(24)29325-3. PMID 11561087.
Nakamura M, Minami K, Uezono Y, Horishita T, Ogata J, Shiraishi M, et al. (July 2005). "The effects of the tramadol metabolite O-desmethyl tramadol on muscarinic receptor-induced responses in Xenopus oocytes expressing cloned M1 or M3 receptors". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 101 (1): 180–6, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000154303.93909.A3. PMID 15976229. S2CID 23861688.
Shiga Y, Minami K, Shiraishi M, Uezono Y, Murasaki O, Kaibara M, et al. (November 2002). "The inhibitory effects of tramadol on muscarinic receptor-induced responses in Xenopus oocytes expressing cloned M(3) receptors". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 95 (5): 1269–73, table of contents. doi:10.1097/00000539-200211000-00031. PMID 12401609. S2CID 39621215.
Shiraishi M, Minami K, Uezono Y, Yanagihara N, Shigematsu A, Shibuya I (May 2002). "Inhibitory effects of tramadol on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in adrenal chromaffin cells and in Xenopus oocytes expressing alpha 7 receptors". British Journal of Pharmacology. 136 (2): 207–216. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704703. PMC 1573343. PMID 12010769.
Sánchez-Fernández C, Montilla-García Á, González-Cano R, Nieto FR, Romero L, Artacho-Cordón A, et al. (January 2014). "Modulation of peripheral μ-opioid analgesia by σ1 receptors". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 348 (1): 32–45. doi:10.1124/jpet.113.208272. PMID 24155346. S2CID 6884854.
Hara K, Minami K, Sata T (May 2005). "The effects of tramadol and its metabolite on glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acidA, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 100 (5): 1400–1405. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000150961.24747.98. PMID 15845694. S2CID 35342038.
Miyano K, Minami K, Yokoyama T, Ohbuchi K, Yamaguchi T, Murakami S, et al. (April 2015). "Tramadol and its metabolite m1 selectively suppress transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 activity, but not transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activity". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 120 (4): 790–798. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000000625. PMID 25642661. S2CID 8082654.
Marincsák R, Tóth BI, Czifra G, Szabó T, Kovács L, Bíró T (June 2008). "The analgesic drug, tramadol, acts as an agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 106 (6): 1890–1896. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e318172fefc. PMID 18499628. S2CID 45854233.
Rothman RB, Baumann MH (2006). "Therapeutic potential of monoamine transporter substrates". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (17): 1845–1859. doi:10.2174/156802606778249766. PMID 17017961. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
Minami K, Sudo Y, Miyano K, Murphy RS, Uezono Y (June 2015). "μ-Opioid receptor activation by tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol (M1)". Journal of Anesthesia. 29 (3): 475–479. doi:10.1007/s00540-014-1946-z. PMID 25394761. S2CID 7091648.
Coller JK, Christrup LL, Somogyi AA (February 2009). "Role of active metabolites in the use of opioids". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 65 (2): 121–139. doi:10.1007/s00228-008-0570-y. PMID 18958460. S2CID 9977741.
Driessen B, Reimann W (January 1992). "Interaction of the central analgesic, tramadol, with the uptake and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the rat brain in vitro". British Journal of Pharmacology. 105 (1): 147–151. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14226.x. PMC 1908625. PMID 1596676.
Bamigbade TA, Davidson C, Langford RM, Stamford JA (September 1997). "Actions of tramadol, its enantiomers and principal metabolite, O-desmethyltramadol, on serotonin (5-HT) efflux and uptake in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 79 (3): 352–356. doi:10.1093/bja/79.3.352. PMID 9389855. S2CID 15630689.
Reimann W, Schneider F (May 1998). "Induction of 5-hydroxytryptamine release by tramadol, fenfluramine and reserpine". European Journal of Pharmacology. 349 (2–3): 199–203. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(98)00195-2. PMID 9671098.
Gobbi M, Moia M, Pirona L, Ceglia I, Reyes-Parada M, Scorza C, et al. (September 2002). "p-Methylthioamphetamine and 1-(m-chlorophenyl)piperazine, two non-neurotoxic 5-HT releasers in vivo, differ from neurotoxic amphetamine derivatives in their mode of action at 5-HT nerve endings in vitro". Journal of Neurochemistry. 82 (6): 1435–1443. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01073.x. hdl:10533/173421. PMID 12354291. S2CID 13397864.
Gobbi M, Mennini T (April 1999). "Release studies with rat brain cortical synaptosomes indicate that tramadol is a 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake blocker and not a 5-hydroxytryptamine releaser". European Journal of Pharmacology. 370 (1): 23–26. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00123-5. PMID 10323276.
Driessen B, Reimann W, Giertz H (March 1993). "Effects of the central analgesic tramadol on the uptake and release of noradrenaline and dopamine in vitro". British Journal of Pharmacology. 108 (3): 806–811. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb12882.x. PMC 1908052. PMID 8467366.
Reimann W, Hennies HH (June 1994). "Inhibition of spinal noradrenaline uptake in rats by the centrally acting analgesic tramadol". Biochemical Pharmacology. 47 (12): 2289–2293. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(94)90267-4. PMID 8031323.
Halfpenny DM, Callado LF, Hopwood SE, Bamigbade TA, Langford RM, Stamford JA (December 1999). "Effects of tramadol stereoisomers on norepinephrine efflux and uptake in the rat locus coeruleus measured by real time voltammetry". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 83 (6): 909–915. doi:10.1093/bja/83.6.909. PMID 10700792. S2CID 17830312.
Ogawa K, Tateno A, Arakawa R, Sakayori T, Ikeda Y, Suzuki H, et al. (June 2014). "Occupancy of serotonin transporter by tramadol: a positron emission tomography study with [11C]DASB". The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 17 (6): 845–850. doi:10.1017/S1461145713001764. PMID 24423243.
Tao Q, Stone DJ, Borenstein MR, Codd EE, Coogan TP, Desai-Krieger D, et al. (April 2002). "Differential tramadol and O-desmethyl metabolite levels in brain vs. plasma of mice and rats administered tramadol hydrochloride orally". Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 27 (2): 99–106. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2710.2002.00384.x. PMID 11975693. S2CID 42370985.
Gibson TP (July 1996). "Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of analgesia with a focus on tramadol HCl". The American Journal of Medicine. 101 (1A): 47S – 53S. doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(96)00138-6. PMID 8764760.
Dayer P, Collart L, Desmeules J (1994). "The pharmacology of tramadol". Drugs. 47 (Suppl 1): 3–7. doi:10.2165/00003495-199400471-00003. PMID 7517823. S2CID 33474225.
Nobilis M, Kopecký J, Kvetina J, Chládek J, Svoboda Z, Vorísek V, et al. (March 2002). "High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of tramadol and its O-desmethylated metabolite in blood plasma. Application to a bioequivalence study in humans". Journal of Chromatography A. 949 (1–2): 11–22. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01567-9. PMID 11999728.
Yanarates O, Dogrul A, Yildirim V, Sahin A, Sizlan A, Seyrek M, et al. (March 2010). "Spinal 5-HT7 receptors play an important role in the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects of tramadol and its metabolite, O-Desmethyltramadol, via activation of descending serotonergic pathways". Anesthesiology. 112 (3): 696–710. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181cd7920. PMID 20179508. S2CID 11913166.
Micó JA, Ardid D, Berrocoso E, Eschalier A (July 2006). "Antidepressants and pain". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 27 (7): 348–354. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2006.05.004. PMID 16762426.
Leppert W (2011). "CYP2D6 in the metabolism of opioids for mild to moderate pain". Pharmacology. 87 (5–6): 274–285. doi:10.1159/000326085. PMID 21494059.
Samer CF, Lorenzini KI, Rollason V, Daali Y, Desmeules JA (June 2013). "Applications of CYP450 testing in the clinical setting". Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy. 17 (3): 165–184. doi:10.1007/s40291-013-0028-5. PMC 3663206. PMID 23588782.
Burke D, Henderson DJ (April 2002). "Chirality: a blueprint for the future". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 88 (4): 563–576. doi:10.1093/bja/88.4.563. PMID 12066734.
Raffa RB, Friderichs E, Reimann W, Shank RP, Codd EE, Vaught JL, et al. (October 1993). "Complementary and synergistic antinociceptive interaction between the enantiomers of tramadol". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 267 (1): 331–340. doi:10.1016/S0022-3565(25)39454-1. PMID 8229760.
Grond S, Meuser T, Zech D, Hennig U, Lehmann KA (September 1995). "Analgesic efficacy and safety of tramadol enantiomers in comparison with the racemate: a randomised, double-blind study with gynaecological patients using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia". Pain. 62 (3): 313–320. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00274-I. PMID 8657431. S2CID 34150137.
Karhu D, El-Jammal A, Dupain T, Gaulin D, Bouchard S (September 2007). "Pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of three Tramadol Contramid OAD tablet strengths". Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition. 28 (6): 323–330. doi:10.1002/bdd.561. PMID 17575561. S2CID 22720069.
Tjäderborn M, Jönsson AK, Hägg S, Ahlner J (December 2007). "Fatal unintentional intoxications with tramadol during 1995-2005". Forensic Science International. 173 (2–3): 107–111. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.02.007. PMID 17350197.
Kusari S, Tatsimo SJ, Zühlke S, Talontsi FM, Kouam SF, Spiteller M (November 2014). "Tramadol--a true natural product?". Angewandte Chemie. 53 (45): 12073–12076. doi:10.1002/anie.201406639. PMID 25219922.
Boumendjel A, Sotoing Taïwe G, Ngo Bum E, Chabrol T, Beney C, Sinniger V, et al. (November 2013). "Occurrence of the synthetic analgesic tramadol in an African medicinal plant". Angewandte Chemie. 52 (45): 11780–11784. doi:10.1002/anie.201305697. PMID 24014188.
Kusari S, Tatsimo SJ, Zühlke S, Spiteller M (January 2016). "Synthetic Origin of Tramadol in the Environment". Angewandte Chemie. 55 (1): 240–243. doi:10.1002/anie.201508646. PMID 26473295. S2CID 39558505.
McCarberg B (June 2007). "Tramadol extended-release in the management of chronic pain". Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 3 (3): 401–410. PMC 2386353. PMID 18488071.
Winstock AR, Borschmann R, Bell J (September 2014). "The non-medical use of tramadol in the UK: findings from a large community sample". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 68 (9): 1147–1151. doi:10.1111/ijcp.12429. PMID 24734958. S2CID 21883884.
Harati Y, Gooch C, Swenson M, Edelman S, Greene D, Raskin P, et al. (June 1998). "Double-blind randomized trial of tramadol for the treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy". Neurology. 50 (6): 1842–1846. doi:10.1212/WNL.50.6.1842. PMID 9633738. S2CID 45709223.
Harati Y, Gooch C, Swenson M, Edelman SV, Greene D, Raskin P, et al. (2000). "Maintenance of the long-term effectiveness of tramadol in treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy". Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. 14 (2): 65–70. doi:10.1016/S1056-8727(00)00060-X. PMID 10959067.
Barber J (April 2011). "Examining the use of tramadol hydrochloride as an antidepressant". Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 19 (2): 123–130. doi:10.1037/a0022721. PMID 21463069.
Göbel H, Stadler T (1997). "[Treatment of post-herpes zoster pain with tramadol. Results of an open pilot study versus clomipramine with or without levomepromazine]". Drugs (in French). 53 (Suppl 2): 34–39. doi:10.2165/00003495-199700532-00008. PMID 9190323. S2CID 46986791.
Boureau F, Legallicier P, Kabir-Ahmadi M (July 2003). "Tramadol in post-herpetic neuralgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial". Pain. 104 (1–2): 323–331. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(03)00020-4. PMID 12855342. S2CID 42979548.
Wu T, Yue X, Duan X, Luo D, Cheng Y, Tian Y, et al. (September 2012). "Efficacy and safety of tramadol for premature ejaculation: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Urology. 80 (3): 618–624. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2012.05.035. PMID 22840860.
Wong BL, Malde S (January 2013). "The use of tramadol "on-demand" for premature ejaculation: a systematic review". Urology. 81 (1): 98–103. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2012.08.037. PMID 23102445.
Ryan T, Hodge A, Holyoak R, Vlok R, Melhuish T, Binks M, et al. (July 2019). "Tramadol as an adjunct to intra-articular local anaesthetic infiltration in knee arthroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis". ANZ Journal of Surgery. 89 (7–8): 827–832. doi:10.1111/ans.14920. PMID 30684306. S2CID 59275648.
Tarragona L, Franco JV, Kreil V, Fravega R, Diaz A, Verdier N, et al. (2021). "Efficacy of tramadol for postoperative pain management in dogs: systematic review and meta-analysis". Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 48 (3): 283–296. doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2021.01.003. PMID 33745825.
Panti A, Mazeri S, Fernandes KA, Handel IG, Bronsvoort BM, Gamble L, et al. (2019). "Randomised trial of perioperative tramadol for canine sterilisation pain management". Veterinary Record. 185 (13): 406–406. doi:10.1136/vr.105009. hdl:20.500.11820/ad9cec44-ac63-4f9a-a3ab-25978c896365. ISSN 0042-4900. PMID 31320545.
Mancusi D, Olimpo M, Gastaldi L, Rosso V, Panero E, Staffieri F, et al. (2021). "Post-operative analgesia following TPLO surgery: A comparison between cimicoxib and tramadol" (PDF). Research in Veterinary Science. 136: 351–359. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.010. PMID 33773391.
Bauquier SH (2022). "Randomised clinical trial comparing the perioperative analgesic efficacy of oral tramadol and intramuscular tramadol in cats". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 24 (8): 683–690. doi:10.1177/1098612X211040406. ISSN 1098-612X. PMC 10812277. PMID 34493100.
Silva RA, Cardozo LB, Kahvegian MA, Rossetto TC, Matera JM, Fantoni DT, et al. (2014). "Comparison of preoperative tramadol and pethidine on postoperative pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy". BMC Veterinary Research. 10 (1): 252. doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0252-1. ISSN 1746-6148. PMC 4200196. PMID 25310968.
Wilson DV, Robinson E, Tobin TT, Dirokulu L, Dhanjal JK (2009). "Intravenous tramadol: effects, nociceptive properties, and pharmacokinetics in horses". Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 36 (6): 581–590. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00492.x. PMID 19845931.
Azarnoosh A, Ashar FS, Dehghan MM, Mohebbi Z, Akbarinejad V, Corley K, et al. (2018). "Comparison of Analgesic Effects of a Constant Rate Infusion of Both Tramadol and Acetaminophen Versus those of Infusions of Each Individual Drug in Horses". Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 64: 101–106. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2018.02.015. PMID 30973144. Retrieved 5 June 2025.
Matthews NS, Hood DM, Guedes AG (2012). "Effect of ketamine hydrochloride on the analgesic effects of tramadol hydrochloride in horses with signs of chronic laminitis-associated pain" (PDF). American Journal of Veterinary Research. 73 (5): 610–619. doi:10.2460/ajvr.73.5.610. ISSN 0002-9645. PMID 22533391.
Chiaradia E, della Rocca G, Giorgi M, Mancini F, Marenzoni ML, Conti MB, et al. (1 January 2018). "Efficacy, chondrotoxicity and plasma concentrations of tramadol following intra-articular administration in horses undergoing arthroscopy: preliminary findings". The Veterinary Quarterly. 38 (1): 129–137. doi:10.1080/01652176.2018.1546963. ISSN 0165-2176. PMC 6831008. PMID 30773122.
Souza MJ, Cox SK (January 2011). "Tramadol use in zoologic medicine". The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice. 14 (1): 117–130. doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2010.09.005. PMID 21074707.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Epstein DH, Preston KL, Jasinski DR (July 2006). "Abuse liability, behavioral pharmacology, and physical-dependence potential of opioids in humans and laboratory animals: lessons from tramadol". Biological Psychology. 73 (1): 90–99. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.01.010. PMC 2943845. PMID 16497429.
Manouchehri A, Nekoukar Z, Malakian A, Zakariaei Z (August 2023). "Tramadol poisoning and its management and complications: a scoping review". Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 85 (8): 3982–3989. doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000001075. PMC 10406095. PMID 37554850.
Taghaddosinejad F, Mehrpour O, Afshari R, Seghatoleslami A, Abdollahi M, Dart RC (September 2011). "Factors related to seizure in tramadol poisoning and its blood concentration". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 7 (3): 183–188. doi:10.1007/s13181-011-0168-0. PMC 3550210. PMID 21735309.
Pasternak GW (March 2012). "Preclinical pharmacology and opioid combinations". Pain Medicine. 13 (1): S4-11. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01335.x. PMC 3307386. PMID 22420604.
Sansone RA, Sansone LA (April 2009). "Tramadol: seizures, serotonin syndrome, and coadministered antidepressants". Psychiatry. 6 (4): 17–21. PMC 2714818. PMID 19724727.
Shen Q, Qian Y, Huang X, Xu X, Li W, Liu J, et al. (April 2016). "Discovery of Potent and Selective Agonists of δ Opioid Receptor by Revisiting the "Message-Address" Concept". ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 7 (4): 391–396. doi:10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00423. PMC 4834657. PMID 27096047.
Potschka H, Friderichs E, Löscher W (September 2000). "Anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects of tramadol, its enantiomers and its M1 metabolite in the rat kindling model of epilepsy". British Journal of Pharmacology. 131 (2): 203–212. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703562. PMC 1572317. PMID 10991912.
Shiraishi M, Minami K, Uezono Y, Yanagihara N, Shigematsu A, Shibuya I (May 2002). "Inhibitory effects of tramadol on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in adrenal chromaffin cells and in Xenopus oocytes expressing alpha 7 receptors". British Journal of Pharmacology. 136 (2): 207–216. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704703. PMC 1573343. PMID 12010769.
Driessen B, Reimann W (January 1992). "Interaction of the central analgesic, tramadol, with the uptake and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the rat brain in vitro". British Journal of Pharmacology. 105 (1): 147–151. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14226.x. PMC 1908625. PMID 1596676.
Driessen B, Reimann W, Giertz H (March 1993). "Effects of the central analgesic tramadol on the uptake and release of noradrenaline and dopamine in vitro". British Journal of Pharmacology. 108 (3): 806–811. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb12882.x. PMC 1908052. PMID 8467366.
Samer CF, Lorenzini KI, Rollason V, Daali Y, Desmeules JA (June 2013). "Applications of CYP450 testing in the clinical setting". Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy. 17 (3): 165–184. doi:10.1007/s40291-013-0028-5. PMC 3663206. PMID 23588782.
McCarberg B (June 2007). "Tramadol extended-release in the management of chronic pain". Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 3 (3): 401–410. PMC 2386353. PMID 18488071.
Bauquier SH (2022). "Randomised clinical trial comparing the perioperative analgesic efficacy of oral tramadol and intramuscular tramadol in cats". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 24 (8): 683–690. doi:10.1177/1098612X211040406. ISSN 1098-612X. PMC 10812277. PMID 34493100.
Silva RA, Cardozo LB, Kahvegian MA, Rossetto TC, Matera JM, Fantoni DT, et al. (2014). "Comparison of preoperative tramadol and pethidine on postoperative pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy". BMC Veterinary Research. 10 (1): 252. doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0252-1. ISSN 1746-6148. PMC 4200196. PMID 25310968.
Chiaradia E, della Rocca G, Giorgi M, Mancini F, Marenzoni ML, Conti MB, et al. (1 January 2018). "Efficacy, chondrotoxicity and plasma concentrations of tramadol following intra-articular administration in horses undergoing arthroscopy: preliminary findings". The Veterinary Quarterly. 38 (1): 129–137. doi:10.1080/01652176.2018.1546963. ISSN 0165-2176. PMC 6831008. PMID 30773122.

dailymed.nlm.nih.gov

"Ultram- tramadol hydrochloride tablet, coated". DailyMed. 7 June 2022. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2022.

nzoa.org.nz

"Upcoming reclassification of fentanyl, tramadol, zopiclone and zolpidem" (PDF). NZ Government. 19 June 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024.

ohio.gov

pharmacy.ohio.gov

"State of Ohio Board of Pharmacy" (PDF). Pharmacy.ohio.gov. 18 August 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Senay EC, Adams EH, Geller A, Inciardi JA, Muñoz A, Schnoll SH, et al. (April 2003). "Physical dependence on Ultram (tramadol hydrochloride): both opioid-like and atypical withdrawal symptoms occur". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 69 (3): 233–241. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.524.5426. doi:10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00321-6. PMID 12633909.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Dayer P, Desmeules J, Collart L (1997). "[Pharmacology of tramadol]". Drugs. 53 (Suppl 2): 18–24. doi:10.2165/00003495-199700532-00006. PMID 9190321. S2CID 46970093.
Leppert W (November–December 2009). "Tramadol as an analgesic for mild to moderate cancer pain". Pharmacological Reports. 61 (6): 978–992. doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70159-8. PMID 20081232. S2CID 4731268.
Raffa RB, Buschmann H, Christoph T, Eichenbaum G, Englberger W, Flores CM, et al. (July 2012). "Mechanistic and functional differentiation of tapentadol and tramadol". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 13 (10): 1437–1449. doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.696097. PMID 22698264. S2CID 24226747.
Grond S, Sablotzki A (2004). "Clinical pharmacology of tramadol". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 43 (13): 879–923. doi:10.2165/00003088-200443130-00004. PMID 15509185. S2CID 32347667.
MacLean AJ, Schwartz TL (May 2015). "Tramadol for the treatment of fibromyalgia". Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 15 (5): 469–475. doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.1034693. PMID 25896486. S2CID 26613022.
Lee CR, McTavish D, Sorkin EM (August 1993). "Tramadol. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in acute and chronic pain states". Drugs. 46 (2): 313–340. doi:10.2165/00003495-199346020-00008. PMID 7691519. S2CID 218465760.
Winkelmann J, Allen RP, Högl B, Inoue Y, Oertel W, Salminen AV, et al. (July 2018). "Treatment of restless legs syndrome: Evidence-based review and implications for clinical practice (Revised 2017)^§". Movement Disorders. 33 (7): 1077–1091. doi:10.1002/mds.27260. PMID 29756335. S2CID 21669996. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
Miotto K, Cho AK, Khalil MA, Blanco K, Sasaki JD, Rawson R (January 2017). "Trends in Tramadol: Pharmacology, Metabolism, and Misuse". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 124 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001683. PMID 27861439. S2CID 24224625.
Langley PC, Patkar AD, Boswell KA, Benson CJ, Schein JR (January 2010). "Adverse event profile of tramadol in recent clinical studies of chronic osteoarthritis pain". Current Medical Research and Opinion. 26 (1): 239–251. doi:10.1185/03007990903426787. PMID 19929615. S2CID 20703694.
Keating GM (2006). "Tramadol sustained-release capsules". Drugs. 66 (2): 223–230. doi:10.2165/00003495-200666020-00006. PMID 16451094. S2CID 22620947.
Marquardt KA, Alsop JA, Albertson TE (June 2005). "Tramadol exposures reported to statewide poison control system". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 39 (6): 1039–1044. doi:10.1345/aph.1e577. PMID 15870139. S2CID 20959808.
Jovanović-Cupić V, Martinović Z, Nesić N (1 August 2012). "Seizures associated with intoxication and abuse of tramadol". Clinical Toxicology. 44 (2): 143–146. doi:10.1080/1556365050014418. PMID 16615669. S2CID 25269342.
Ryan NM, Isbister GK (July 2015). "Tramadol overdose causes seizures and respiratory depression but serotonin toxicity appears unlikely". Clinical Toxicology. 53 (6): 545–550. doi:10.3109/15563650.2015.1036279. PMID 25901965. S2CID 23813622.
Nakhaee S, Mehrpour O (August 2019). "Tramadol poisoning-associated mortality". Journal of Affective Disorders. 255: 187. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.069. PMID 30987745. S2CID 116863581.
Kostev K, Von Vultée C, Usinger DM, Reese JP (January 2018). "Tramadol prescription patterns in patients followed by general practitioners and orthopedists in Germany in the year 2015". Postgraduate Medicine. 130 (1): 37–41. doi:10.1080/00325481.2018.1407205. PMID 29157058. S2CID 32933111.
Miotto K, Cho AK, Khalil MA, Blanco K, Sasaki JD, Rawson R (January 2017). "Trends in Tramadol: Pharmacology, Metabolism, and Misuse". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 124 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001683. PMID 27861439. S2CID 24224625.
Nelson EM, Philbrick AM (December 2012). "Avoiding serotonin syndrome: the nature of the interaction between tramadol and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 46 (12): 1712–1716. doi:10.1345/aph.1q748. PMID 23212934. S2CID 23707808.
Stevens AJ, Woodman RJ, Owen H (February 2015). "The effect of ondansetron on the efficacy of postoperative tramadol: a systematic review and meta-analysis of a drug interaction". Anaesthesia. 70 (2): 209–218. doi:10.1111/anae.12948. PMID 25490944. S2CID 38180309.
Minami K, Ogata J, Uezono Y (October 2015). "What is the main mechanism of tramadol?". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 388 (10): 999–1007. doi:10.1007/s00210-015-1167-5. PMID 26292636. S2CID 9066672.
Gillen C, Haurand M, Kobelt DJ, Wnendt S (August 2000). "Affinity, potency and efficacy of tramadol and its metabolites at the cloned human mu-opioid receptor". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 362 (2): 116–121. doi:10.1007/s002100000266. PMID 10961373. S2CID 10459734.
Ogata J, Minami K, Uezono Y, Okamoto T, Shiraishi M, Shigematsu A, et al. (May 2004). "The inhibitory effects of tramadol on 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2C receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 98 (5): 1401–6, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000108963.77623.A4. PMID 15105221. S2CID 41718739.
Horishita T, Minami K, Uezono Y, Shiraishi M, Ogata J, Okamoto T, et al. (2006). "The tramadol metabolite, O-desmethyl tramadol, inhibits 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2C receptors expressed in Xenopus Oocytes". Pharmacology. 77 (2): 93–99. doi:10.1159/000093179. PMID 16679816. S2CID 23775035.
Okamoto T, Minami K, Uezono Y, Ogata J, Shiraishi M, Shigematsu A, et al. (July 2003). "The inhibitory effects of ketamine and pentobarbital on substance p receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 97 (1): 104–10, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000066260.99680.11. PMID 12818951. S2CID 35809206.
Nakamura M, Minami K, Uezono Y, Horishita T, Ogata J, Shiraishi M, et al. (July 2005). "The effects of the tramadol metabolite O-desmethyl tramadol on muscarinic receptor-induced responses in Xenopus oocytes expressing cloned M1 or M3 receptors". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 101 (1): 180–6, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000154303.93909.A3. PMID 15976229. S2CID 23861688.
Shiga Y, Minami K, Shiraishi M, Uezono Y, Murasaki O, Kaibara M, et al. (November 2002). "The inhibitory effects of tramadol on muscarinic receptor-induced responses in Xenopus oocytes expressing cloned M(3) receptors". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 95 (5): 1269–73, table of contents. doi:10.1097/00000539-200211000-00031. PMID 12401609. S2CID 39621215.
Sánchez-Fernández C, Montilla-García Á, González-Cano R, Nieto FR, Romero L, Artacho-Cordón A, et al. (January 2014). "Modulation of peripheral μ-opioid analgesia by σ1 receptors". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 348 (1): 32–45. doi:10.1124/jpet.113.208272. PMID 24155346. S2CID 6884854.
Hara K, Minami K, Sata T (May 2005). "The effects of tramadol and its metabolite on glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acidA, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 100 (5): 1400–1405. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000150961.24747.98. PMID 15845694. S2CID 35342038.
Miyano K, Minami K, Yokoyama T, Ohbuchi K, Yamaguchi T, Murakami S, et al. (April 2015). "Tramadol and its metabolite m1 selectively suppress transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 activity, but not transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activity". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 120 (4): 790–798. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000000625. PMID 25642661. S2CID 8082654.
Marincsák R, Tóth BI, Czifra G, Szabó T, Kovács L, Bíró T (June 2008). "The analgesic drug, tramadol, acts as an agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 106 (6): 1890–1896. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e318172fefc. PMID 18499628. S2CID 45854233.
Minami K, Sudo Y, Miyano K, Murphy RS, Uezono Y (June 2015). "μ-Opioid receptor activation by tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol (M1)". Journal of Anesthesia. 29 (3): 475–479. doi:10.1007/s00540-014-1946-z. PMID 25394761. S2CID 7091648.
Coller JK, Christrup LL, Somogyi AA (February 2009). "Role of active metabolites in the use of opioids". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 65 (2): 121–139. doi:10.1007/s00228-008-0570-y. PMID 18958460. S2CID 9977741.
Bamigbade TA, Davidson C, Langford RM, Stamford JA (September 1997). "Actions of tramadol, its enantiomers and principal metabolite, O-desmethyltramadol, on serotonin (5-HT) efflux and uptake in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 79 (3): 352–356. doi:10.1093/bja/79.3.352. PMID 9389855. S2CID 15630689.
Gobbi M, Moia M, Pirona L, Ceglia I, Reyes-Parada M, Scorza C, et al. (September 2002). "p-Methylthioamphetamine and 1-(m-chlorophenyl)piperazine, two non-neurotoxic 5-HT releasers in vivo, differ from neurotoxic amphetamine derivatives in their mode of action at 5-HT nerve endings in vitro". Journal of Neurochemistry. 82 (6): 1435–1443. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01073.x. hdl:10533/173421. PMID 12354291. S2CID 13397864.
Halfpenny DM, Callado LF, Hopwood SE, Bamigbade TA, Langford RM, Stamford JA (December 1999). "Effects of tramadol stereoisomers on norepinephrine efflux and uptake in the rat locus coeruleus measured by real time voltammetry". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 83 (6): 909–915. doi:10.1093/bja/83.6.909. PMID 10700792. S2CID 17830312.
Tao Q, Stone DJ, Borenstein MR, Codd EE, Coogan TP, Desai-Krieger D, et al. (April 2002). "Differential tramadol and O-desmethyl metabolite levels in brain vs. plasma of mice and rats administered tramadol hydrochloride orally". Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 27 (2): 99–106. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2710.2002.00384.x. PMID 11975693. S2CID 42370985.
Dayer P, Collart L, Desmeules J (1994). "The pharmacology of tramadol". Drugs. 47 (Suppl 1): 3–7. doi:10.2165/00003495-199400471-00003. PMID 7517823. S2CID 33474225.
Yanarates O, Dogrul A, Yildirim V, Sahin A, Sizlan A, Seyrek M, et al. (March 2010). "Spinal 5-HT7 receptors play an important role in the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects of tramadol and its metabolite, O-Desmethyltramadol, via activation of descending serotonergic pathways". Anesthesiology. 112 (3): 696–710. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181cd7920. PMID 20179508. S2CID 11913166.
Grond S, Meuser T, Zech D, Hennig U, Lehmann KA (September 1995). "Analgesic efficacy and safety of tramadol enantiomers in comparison with the racemate: a randomised, double-blind study with gynaecological patients using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia". Pain. 62 (3): 313–320. doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)00274-I. PMID 8657431. S2CID 34150137.
Karhu D, El-Jammal A, Dupain T, Gaulin D, Bouchard S (September 2007). "Pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of three Tramadol Contramid OAD tablet strengths". Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition. 28 (6): 323–330. doi:10.1002/bdd.561. PMID 17575561. S2CID 22720069.
Kusari S, Tatsimo SJ, Zühlke S, Spiteller M (January 2016). "Synthetic Origin of Tramadol in the Environment". Angewandte Chemie. 55 (1): 240–243. doi:10.1002/anie.201508646. PMID 26473295. S2CID 39558505.
Winstock AR, Borschmann R, Bell J (September 2014). "The non-medical use of tramadol in the UK: findings from a large community sample". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 68 (9): 1147–1151. doi:10.1111/ijcp.12429. PMID 24734958. S2CID 21883884.
Harati Y, Gooch C, Swenson M, Edelman S, Greene D, Raskin P, et al. (June 1998). "Double-blind randomized trial of tramadol for the treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy". Neurology. 50 (6): 1842–1846. doi:10.1212/WNL.50.6.1842. PMID 9633738. S2CID 45709223.
Göbel H, Stadler T (1997). "[Treatment of post-herpes zoster pain with tramadol. Results of an open pilot study versus clomipramine with or without levomepromazine]". Drugs (in French). 53 (Suppl 2): 34–39. doi:10.2165/00003495-199700532-00008. PMID 9190323. S2CID 46986791.
Boureau F, Legallicier P, Kabir-Ahmadi M (July 2003). "Tramadol in post-herpetic neuralgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial". Pain. 104 (1–2): 323–331. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(03)00020-4. PMID 12855342. S2CID 42979548.
Ryan T, Hodge A, Holyoak R, Vlok R, Melhuish T, Binks M, et al. (July 2019). "Tramadol as an adjunct to intra-articular local anaesthetic infiltration in knee arthroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis". ANZ Journal of Surgery. 89 (7–8): 827–832. doi:10.1111/ans.14920. PMID 30684306. S2CID 59275648.

tandfonline.com

Chiaradia E, della Rocca G, Giorgi M, Mancini F, Marenzoni ML, Conti MB, et al. (1 January 2018). "Efficacy, chondrotoxicity and plasma concentrations of tramadol following intra-articular administration in horses undergoing arthroscopy: preliminary findings". The Veterinary Quarterly. 38 (1): 129–137. doi:10.1080/01652176.2018.1546963. ISSN 0165-2176. PMC 6831008. PMID 30773122.

tga.gov.au

"Tramadol Lupin tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg capsule blister pack (441970)". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 3 August 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2025.

ebs.tga.gov.au

"Australian Label: Tramadol Sandoz 50 mg capsules" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. 4 November 2011. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2014.

thefdalawblog.com

Gilbert Jr JA, Houck LK (2 July 2014). "DEA controls tramadol as a schedule IV controlled substance effective August 18, 2014". FDA Law Blog. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2024.

thenation.com

Berger M (7 January 2019). "Gaza's Opioid Problem". The Nation. ISSN 0027-8378. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2024.

ukat.co.uk

"Tramadol Abuse & Addiction Causes". UK Addiction Treatment Centres. 8 August 2018. Archived from the original on 20 December 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2021.

unc.edu

pdsp.unc.edu

Roth BL, Driscol J. "PDSP K_i Database". Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the United States National Institute of Mental Health. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2017.

unito.it

iris.unito.it

Mancusi D, Olimpo M, Gastaldi L, Rosso V, Panero E, Staffieri F, et al. (2021). "Post-operative analgesia following TPLO surgery: A comparison between cimicoxib and tramadol" (PDF). Research in Veterinary Science. 136: 351–359. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.010. PMID 33773391.

vaajournal.org

Tarragona L, Franco JV, Kreil V, Fravega R, Diaz A, Verdier N, et al. (2021). "Efficacy of tramadol for postoperative pain management in dogs: systematic review and meta-analysis". Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 48 (3): 283–296. doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2021.01.003. PMID 33745825.

web.archive.org

"Tramadol". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 23 July 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
"Tramadol Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 14 October 2019. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
"Tramadol". MedlinePlus. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 1 September 2008. Archived from the original on 24 September 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
Anvisa (31 March 2023). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 4 April 2023). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
"Ralivia Product information". Health Canada. 25 April 2012. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
"Ultram- tramadol hydrochloride tablet, coated". DailyMed. 7 June 2022. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
"List of nationally authorized medicinal products" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. 28 January 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
Brayfield A, ed. (13 December 2013). "Tramadol Hydrochloride". Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. Pharmaceutical Press. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
"Tramadol Hydrochloride". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
"Ultram, Ultram ER (tramadol) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more". Medscape Reference. WebMD. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
"Australian Label: Tramadol Sandoz 50 mg capsules" (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. 4 November 2011. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
"Tramadol Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 528. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
"The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
"Treatment – Fibromyalgia (NHS)". NHS. 20 February 2019. Archived from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
Winkelmann J, Allen RP, Högl B, Inoue Y, Oertel W, Salminen AV, et al. (July 2018). "Treatment of restless legs syndrome: Evidence-based review and implications for clinical practice (Revised 2017)^§". Movement Disorders. 33 (7): 1077–1091. doi:10.1002/mds.27260. PMID 29756335. S2CID 21669996. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
"FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA evaluating the risks of using the pain medicine tramadol in children aged 17 and younger". FDA. FDA Drug Safety and Availability. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
Office of the Commissioner. "Press Announcements – FDA statement from Douglas Throckmorton, M.D., deputy center director for regulatory programs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, on new warnings about the use of codeine and tramadol in children & nursing mothers". fda.gov. Archived from the original on 20 April 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
"FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA restricts use of prescription codeine pain and cough medicines and tramadol pain medicines in children; recommends against use in breastfeeding women". Food and Drug Administration. 9 February 2019. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
White M. "Tramadol Deaths in the United Kingdom" (pdf_e). Public Health England. Archived from the original on 7 April 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
Fauber J (22 December 2013). "Killing Pain: Tramadol the 'Safe' Drug of Abuse". Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
Scheck J (19 October 2016). "Tramadol: The Opioid Crisis for the rest of the World". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Co. Archived from the original on 30 August 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
"Tramadol". drugbank.ca. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
Roth BL, Driscol J. "PDSP K_i Database". Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (PDSP). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the United States National Institute of Mental Health. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
Volpe DA, McMahon Tobin GA, Mellon RD, Katki AG, Parker RJ, Colatsky T, et al. (April 2011). "Uniform assessment and ranking of opioid μ receptor binding constants for selected opioid drugs". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 59 (3): 385–390. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.12.007. PMID 21215785. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
Rothman RB, Baumann MH (2006). "Therapeutic potential of monoamine transporter substrates". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (17): 1845–1859. doi:10.2174/156802606778249766. PMID 17017961. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
"Tramadol Dosage Guide with Precautions". Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
Who Really did it First? Nature or a Pharmacist? Archived 22 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine, in Lab Times online; by Nicola Hunt; published 22 September 2014; retrieved 21 November 2015
FDA AccessData entry for Tramadol Hydrochloride Archived 25 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 17 August 2009.
Gilbert Jr JA, Houck LK (2 July 2014). "DEA controls tramadol as a schedule IV controlled substance effective August 18, 2014". FDA Law Blog. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
"Federal Registrar" (PDF). gpo.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
"TRAMADOL (Trade Names: Ultram, Ultracet)". Drug Enforcement Administration (February 2011)
"State of Ohio Board of Pharmacy" (PDF). Pharmacy.ohio.gov. 18 August 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
"Substansen tramadol nu narkotikaklassad på samma sätt som kodein och dextropropoxifen" (in Swedish). Lakemedelsverket. 14 May 2008. Archived from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
"If you take Tramadol away, you make Boko Haram weak". African Arguments. 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
"Drugs for war: Opioid abuse in West Africa". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
Tecimer N (23 March 2018). "The Dangerous Opioid from India". csis.org. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
Berger M (7 January 2019). "Gaza's Opioid Problem". The Nation. ISSN 0027-8378. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
"Tramadol Abuse & Addiction Causes". UK Addiction Treatment Centres. 8 August 2018. Archived from the original on 20 December 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2021.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Beakley BD, Kaye AM, Kaye AD (14 July 2015). "Tramadol, Pharmacology, Side Effects, and Serotonin Syndrome: A Review". Pain Physician. 18 (4): 395–400. doi:10.36076/ppj.2015/18/395. ISSN 2150-1149.
Nakhaee S, Hoyte C, Dart RC, Askari M, Lamarine RJ, Mehrpour O (24 March 2021). "A review on tramadol toxicity: mechanism of action, clinical presentation, and treatment". Forensic Toxicology. 39 (2): 293–310. doi:10.1007/s11419-020-00569-0. ISSN 1860-8965.
Berger M (7 January 2019). "Gaza's Opioid Problem". The Nation. ISSN 0027-8378. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
Panti A, Mazeri S, Fernandes KA, Handel IG, Bronsvoort BM, Gamble L, et al. (2019). "Randomised trial of perioperative tramadol for canine sterilisation pain management". Veterinary Record. 185 (13): 406–406. doi:10.1136/vr.105009. hdl:20.500.11820/ad9cec44-ac63-4f9a-a3ab-25978c896365. ISSN 0042-4900. PMID 31320545.
Bauquier SH (2022). "Randomised clinical trial comparing the perioperative analgesic efficacy of oral tramadol and intramuscular tramadol in cats". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 24 (8): 683–690. doi:10.1177/1098612X211040406. ISSN 1098-612X. PMC 10812277. PMID 34493100.
Silva RA, Cardozo LB, Kahvegian MA, Rossetto TC, Matera JM, Fantoni DT, et al. (2014). "Comparison of preoperative tramadol and pethidine on postoperative pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy". BMC Veterinary Research. 10 (1): 252. doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0252-1. ISSN 1746-6148. PMC 4200196. PMID 25310968.
Matthews NS, Hood DM, Guedes AG (2012). "Effect of ketamine hydrochloride on the analgesic effects of tramadol hydrochloride in horses with signs of chronic laminitis-associated pain" (PDF). American Journal of Veterinary Research. 73 (5): 610–619. doi:10.2460/ajvr.73.5.610. ISSN 0002-9645. PMID 22533391.
Chiaradia E, della Rocca G, Giorgi M, Mancini F, Marenzoni ML, Conti MB, et al. (1 January 2018). "Efficacy, chondrotoxicity and plasma concentrations of tramadol following intra-articular administration in horses undergoing arthroscopy: preliminary findings". The Veterinary Quarterly. 38 (1): 129–137. doi:10.1080/01652176.2018.1546963. ISSN 0165-2176. PMC 6831008. PMID 30773122.

wsj.com

Scheck J (19 October 2016). "Tramadol: The Opioid Crisis for the rest of the World". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Co. Archived from the original on 30 August 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2019.

zenodo.org

Volpe DA, McMahon Tobin GA, Mellon RD, Katki AG, Parker RJ, Colatsky T, et al. (April 2011). "Uniform assessment and ranking of opioid μ receptor binding constants for selected opioid drugs". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 59 (3): 385–390. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.12.007. PMID 21215785. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
Rothman RB, Baumann MH (2006). "Therapeutic potential of monoamine transporter substrates". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (17): 1845–1859. doi:10.2174/156802606778249766. PMID 17017961. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.