Trans-Saharan slave trade (English Wikipedia)

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Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn (1990). "Islamization in Sudan: A Critical Assessment". Middle East Journal. 44 (4): 610–623. ISSN 0026-3141. JSTOR 4328193.
Johnson, Willard R. (1980). "Africans and Arabs: Collaboration without Co-Operation, Change without Challenge". International Journal. 35 (4): 766–793. doi:10.2307/40201914. ISSN 0020-7020. JSTOR 40201914.
Shepperson, George (2006). "Islam in Central Africa: a historiographical document". The Society of Malawi Journal. 59 (2): 1–5. ISSN 0037-993X. JSTOR 29779209.
Mazrui, Ali A. (1975). "Black Africa and the Arabs". Foreign Affairs. 53 (4): 725–742. doi:10.2307/20039542. ISSN 0015-7120. JSTOR 20039542.
Hasan, Yusuf Fadl (1977). "SOME ASPECTS OF THE ARAB SLAVE TRADE FROM THE SUDAN 7th — 19th CENTURY". Sudan Notes and Records. 58: 85–106. ISSN 0375-2984. JSTOR 44947358.
Clarence-Smith, William Gervase (2006). Islam and the Abolition of Slavery. Oxford University Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-0-19-522151-0. OCLC 1045855145.
Gordon, Murray (1989). Slavery in the Arab World. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-941533-30-0. OCLC 1120917849.
Segal, Ronald (2001). Islam's Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora. Macmillan. pp. 129–130. ISBN 978-0-374-52797-6. OCLC 1014163824.
Lewis, Bernard (1992). Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry. Oxford University Press. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-0-19-505326-5. OCLC 1022745387.
Ralph A. Austen (2010). Trans-Saharan Africa in World History. Oxford University Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-19-533788-4. OCLC 1025724912.
Jack D. Forbes (1993). Africans and Native Americans: The Language of Race and the Evolution of Red-Black Peoples. University of Illinois Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-0-252-06321-3. OCLC 1013305190.
El Hamel, Chouki (2012). Black Morocco : a History of Slavery, Race, and Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-61632-4. OCLC 823724244.

worldcat.org

El Hamel, Chouki (2012). Black Morocco : a History of Slavery, Race, and Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-61632-4. OCLC 823724244.