Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (English Wikipedia)

Watson, p. 266 Watson T (2008). Electrotherapy: Evidence-based Practice (12th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0443101793.
Robertson, p. 160 Robertson VJ, Ward A, Low J, Reed A (2006). Electrotherapy Explained: Principles and Practice (4th ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann (Elsevier). ISBN 978-0750688437.
Bracciano AG (2008). Physical Agent Modalities: Theory and Application for the Occupational Therapist (2 ed.). Slack Incorporated. p. 232. ISBN 978-1556426490.
Robertson, p. 159 Robertson VJ, Ward A, Low J, Reed A (2006). Electrotherapy Explained: Principles and Practice (4th ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann (Elsevier). ISBN 978-0750688437.
Watson, p. 265 Watson T (2008). Electrotherapy: Evidence-based Practice (12th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0443101793.

doi.org

DeSantana JM, Walsh DM, Vance C, Rakel BA, Sluka KA (December 2008). "Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for treatment of hyperalgesia and pain". Current Rheumatology Reports. 10 (6): 492–499. doi:10.1007/s11926-008-0080-z. PMC 2746624. PMID 19007541.
Huang, J.; Yang, C.; Zhao, K.; Zhao, Z.; Chen, Y.; Wang, T.; Qu, Y. (2022). "Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Rodent Models of Neuropathic Pain: A Meta-Analysis". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 16. doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.831413. PMC 8841820. PMID 35173577.
Johnson MI, Paley CA, Howe TE, Sluka KA (June 2015). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for acute pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (6): CD006142. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006142.pub3. PMC 8094447. PMID 26075732.
Gibson W, Wand BM, Meads C, Catley MJ, O'Connell NE (April 2019). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain - an overview of Cochrane Reviews". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4 (4): CD011890. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011890.pub3. PMC 6446021. PMID 30941745.
Bjordal JM, Johnson MI, Ljunggreen AE (2003). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) can reduce postoperative analgesic consumption. A meta-analysis with assessment of optimal treatment parameters for postoperative pain". European Journal of Pain. 7 (2): 181–188. doi:10.1016/S1090-3801(02)00098-8. PMID 12600800. S2CID 24737458.
Rakel B, Frantz R (October 2003). "Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on postoperative pain with movement". The Journal of Pain. 4 (8): 455–464. doi:10.1067/S1526-5900(03)00780-6. PMID 14622666.
Bennett MI, Hughes N, Johnson MI (June 2011). "Methodological quality in randomised controlled trials of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation for pain: low fidelity may explain negative findings". Pain. 152 (6): 1226–1232. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.12.009. PMID 21435786. S2CID 25712472.
Johnson M, Martinson M (July 2007). "Efficacy of electrical nerve stimulation for chronic musculoskeletal pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Pain. 130 (1–2): 157–165. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.02.007. PMID 17383095. S2CID 26643050.
Dubinsky RM, Miyasaki J (January 2010). "Assessment: efficacy of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in the treatment of pain in neurologic disorders (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology". Neurology. 74 (2): 173–176. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c918fc. PMID 20042705.
Khadilkar A, Odebiyi DO, Brosseau L, Wells GA (October 2008). Brosseau L (ed.). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) versus placebo for chronic low-back pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2008 (4): CD003008. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003008.pub3. PMC 7138213. PMID 18843638.
Maheu E, Soriot-Thomas S, Noel E, Ganry H, Lespessailles E, Cortet B (2022). "Wearable transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (actiTENS®) is effective and safe for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis pain: a randomized controlled trial versus weak opioids". Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease. 14: 1759720X211066233. doi:10.1177/1759720X211066233. PMC 8777341. PMID 35069809.
Johnson MI, Mulvey MR, Bagnall AM (August 2015). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for phantom pain and stump pain following amputation in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (4): CD007264. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007264.pub3. PMC 7209768. PMID 26284511.
Ellrich J, Lamp S (October 2005). "Peripheral nerve stimulation inhibits nociceptive processing: an electrophysiological study in healthy volunteers". Neuromodulation. 8 (4): 225–232. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1403.2005.00029.x. PMID 22151549. S2CID 22850373.
Kara M, Ozçakar L, Gökçay D, Ozçelik E, Yörübulut M, Güneri S, et al. (August 2010). "Quantification of the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with functional magnetic resonance imaging: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 91 (8): 1160–1165. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.04.023. hdl:11511/57499. PMID 20684895.
Kocyigit F, Akalin E, Gezer NS, Orbay O, Kocyigit A, Ada E (September 2012). "Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the effects of low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on central pain modulation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial". The Clinical Journal of Pain. 28 (7): 581–588. doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e31823c2bd7. PMID 22699130. S2CID 22274615.
McQuay HJ, Moore RA, Eccleston C, Morley S, Williams AC (July 1997). "Systematic review of outpatient services for chronic pain control". Health Technology Assessment. 1 (6): i–iv, 1–135. doi:10.3310/hta1060. PMID 9483161.
van der Spank JT, Cambier DC, De Paepe HM, Danneels LA, Witvrouw EE, Beerens L (November 2000). "Pain relief in labour by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)". Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 264 (3): 131–136. doi:10.1007/s004040000099. PMID 11129512. S2CID 1076157.
Báez-Suárez A, Martín-Castillo E, García-Andújar J, García-Hernández JÁ, Quintana-Montesdeoca MP, Loro-Ferrer JF (November 2018). "Evaluation of different doses of transcutaneous nerve stimulation for pain relief during labour: a randomized controlled trial". Trials. 19 (1): 652. doi:10.1186/s13063-018-3036-2. PMC 6258317. PMID 30477529.
Santana LS, Gallo RB, Ferreira CH, Duarte G, Quintana SM, Marcolin AC (January 2016). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) reduces pain and postpones the need for pharmacological analgesia during labour: a randomised trial". Journal of Physiotherapy. 62 (1): 29–34. doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2015.11.002. PMID 26701166.
Igwea SE, Tabansi-Ochuogu CS, Abaraogu UO (August 2016). "TENS and heat therapy for pain relief and quality of life improvement in individuals with primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review". Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 24: 86–91. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.05.001. PMID 27502806.
Arik MI, Kiloatar H, Aslan B, Icelli M (2020-08-29). "The effect of TENS for pain relief in women with primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Explore. 18 (1): 108–113. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2020.08.005. PMID 32917532. S2CID 221637541.
Hurlow A, Bennett MI, Robb KA, Johnson MI, Simpson KH, Oxberry SG (March 2012). "Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) for cancer pain in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012 (3): CD006276. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006276.pub3. PMC 6669272. PMID 22419313.
Eccleston C, Fisher E, Thomas KH, Hearn L, Derry S, Stannard C, et al. (November 2017). "Interventions for the reduction of prescribed opioid use in chronic non-cancer pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11 (5): CD010323. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010323.pub3. PMC 6486018. PMID 29130474.
Agost-González A, Escobio-Prieto I, Pareja-Leal AM, Casuso-Holgado MJ, Blanco-Diaz M, Albornoz-Cabello M (July 2021). "Percutaneous versus Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of the Posterior Tibial Nerve in Idiopathic Overactive Bladder Syndrome with Urinary Incontinence in Adults: A Systematic Review". Healthcare. 9 (7): 879. doi:10.3390/healthcare9070879. PMC 8306496. PMID 34356261.
Coolen RL, Groen J, Scheepe JR, Blok BF (September 2021). "Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation to Treat Idiopathic Nonobstructive Urinary Retention: A Systematic Review". European Urology Focus. 7 (5): 1184–1194. doi:10.1016/j.euf.2020.09.019. PMID 33268327. S2CID 226342032.
Booth J, Connelly L, Dickson S, Duncan F, Lawrence M (February 2018). "The effectiveness of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) for adults with overactive bladder syndrome: A systematic review" (PDF). Neurourology and Urodynamics. 37 (2): 528–541. doi:10.1002/nau.23351. PMID 28731583. S2CID 206304402.
Ghavidel-Sardsahra A, Ghojazadeh M, Rahnama'I MS, Naseri A, Yazdandoost S, Khezerloo T, et al. (February 2022). "Efficacy of percutaneous and transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation on idiopathic overactive bladder and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 41 (2): 539–551. doi:10.1002/nau.24864. PMID 35032328. S2CID 247170572.
Yang DY, Zhao LN, Qiu MX (May 2021). "Treatment for overactive bladder: A meta-analysis of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation". Medicine. 100 (20): e25941. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000025941. PMC 8137095. PMID 34011072.
Booth J, Aucott L, Cotton S, Davis B, Fenocchi L, Goodman C, et al. (June 2021). "Tibial nerve stimulation compared with sham to reduce incontinence in care home residents: Electric RCT". Health Technology Assessment. 25 (41): 1–110. doi:10.3310/hta25410. PMC 8273680. PMID 34167637.
Chipaila N, Sgolastra F, Spadaro A, Pietropaoli D, Masci C, Cattaneo R, Monaco A (April 2014). "The effects of ULF-TENS stimulation on gnathology: the state of the art". Cranio. 32 (2): 118–130. doi:10.1179/0886963413Z.00000000018. PMID 24839723. S2CID 22320755.
Pahwa R, Dhall R, Ostrem J, Gwinn R, Lyons K, Ro S, et al. (July 2019). "An Acute Randomized Controlled Trial of Noninvasive Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Essential Tremor". Neuromodulation. 22 (5): 537–545. doi:10.1111/ner.12930. PMC 6766922. PMID 30701655.
Lin PT, Ross EK, Chidester P, Rosenbluth KH, Hamner SR, Wong SH, et al. (July 2018). "Noninvasive neuromodulation in essential tremor demonstrates relief in a sham-controlled pilot trial". Movement Disorders. 33 (7): 1182–1183. doi:10.1002/mds.27350. PMC 6174932. PMID 29663525.
Digby GC, Daubney ME, Baggs J, Campbell D, Simpson CS, Redfearn DP, et al. (July 2009). "Physiotherapy and cardiac rhythm devices: a review of the current scope of practice". Europace. 11 (7): 850–859. doi:10.1093/europace/eup102. PMID 19411677.
Nnoaham KE, Kumbang J (July 2008). Nnoaham KE (ed.). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): CD003222. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003222.pub2. PMID 18646088.
Jensen JE, Conn RR, Hazelrigg G, Hewett JE (1985). "The use of transcutaneous neural stimulation and isokinetic testing in arthroscopic knee surgery". The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 13 (1): 27–33. doi:10.1177/036354658501300105. PMID 3872082. S2CID 19217534.
Monaco A, Cattaneo R, Ortu E, Constantinescu MV, Pietropaoli D (May 2017). "Sensory trigeminal ULF-TENS stimulation reduces HRV response to experimentally induced arithmetic stress: A randomized clinical trial". Physiology & Behavior. 173: 209–215. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.014. PMID 28213205. S2CID 1816117.
Cameron M, Lonergan E, Lee H (2003-07-21). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for dementia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003 (3): CD004032. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004032. PMC 6768999. PMID 12917999.
Abraha I, Rimland JM, Trotta FM, Dell'Aquila G, Cruz-Jentoft A, Petrovic M, et al. (March 2017). "Systematic review of systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions to treat behavioural disturbances in older patients with dementia. The SENATOR-OnTop series". BMJ Open. 7 (3): e012759. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012759. PMC 5372076. PMID 28302633.
Schoenen J, Vandersmissen B, Jeangette S, Herroelen L, Vandenheede M, Gérard P, Magis D (February 2013). "Migraine prevention with a supraorbital transcutaneous stimulator: a randomized controlled trial". Neurology. 80 (8): 697–704. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182825055. hdl:2268/216189. PMID 23390177. S2CID 38716692.
Liebano RE, Rakel B, Vance CG, Walsh DM, Sluka KA (February 2011). "An investigation of the development of analgesic tolerance to TENS in humans". Pain. 152 (2): 335–342. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.10.040. PMC 3027071. PMID 21144659.
Johnson MI, Paley CA, Jones G, Mulvey MR, Wittkopf PG (February 2022). "Efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for acute and chronic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 381 studies (the meta-TENS study)". BMJ Open. 12 (2): e051073. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051073. PMC 8845179. PMID 35144946.

fda.gov

accessdata.fda.gov

"De Novo Classification Request for Cala One" (PDF). U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
"De Novo Classification Request for Cala One" (PDF). FDA. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 17, 2021.

fda.gov

"FDA allows marketing of first medical device to prevent migraine headaches". fda.gov. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014.

gcu.ac.uk

researchonline.gcu.ac.uk

Booth J, Connelly L, Dickson S, Duncan F, Lawrence M (February 2018). "The effectiveness of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) for adults with overactive bladder syndrome: A systematic review" (PDF). Neurourology and Urodynamics. 37 (2): 528–541. doi:10.1002/nau.23351. PMID 28731583. S2CID 206304402.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Kara M, Ozçakar L, Gökçay D, Ozçelik E, Yörübulut M, Güneri S, et al. (August 2010). "Quantification of the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with functional magnetic resonance imaging: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 91 (8): 1160–1165. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.04.023. hdl:11511/57499. PMID 20684895.
Schoenen J, Vandersmissen B, Jeangette S, Herroelen L, Vandenheede M, Gérard P, Magis D (February 2013). "Migraine prevention with a supraorbital transcutaneous stimulator: a randomized controlled trial". Neurology. 80 (8): 697–704. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182825055. hdl:2268/216189. PMID 23390177. S2CID 38716692.

lethealth.us

https://lethealth.us/about-us/history/

medicinenet.com

"Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation: Side Effects & Uses".

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

DeSantana JM, Walsh DM, Vance C, Rakel BA, Sluka KA (December 2008). "Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for treatment of hyperalgesia and pain". Current Rheumatology Reports. 10 (6): 492–499. doi:10.1007/s11926-008-0080-z. PMC 2746624. PMID 19007541.
Huang, J.; Yang, C.; Zhao, K.; Zhao, Z.; Chen, Y.; Wang, T.; Qu, Y. (2022). "Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Rodent Models of Neuropathic Pain: A Meta-Analysis". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 16. doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.831413. PMC 8841820. PMID 35173577.
Johnson MI, Paley CA, Howe TE, Sluka KA (June 2015). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for acute pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (6): CD006142. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006142.pub3. PMC 8094447. PMID 26075732.
Gibson W, Wand BM, Meads C, Catley MJ, O'Connell NE (April 2019). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain - an overview of Cochrane Reviews". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4 (4): CD011890. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011890.pub3. PMC 6446021. PMID 30941745.
Bjordal JM, Johnson MI, Ljunggreen AE (2003). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) can reduce postoperative analgesic consumption. A meta-analysis with assessment of optimal treatment parameters for postoperative pain". European Journal of Pain. 7 (2): 181–188. doi:10.1016/S1090-3801(02)00098-8. PMID 12600800. S2CID 24737458.
Rakel B, Frantz R (October 2003). "Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on postoperative pain with movement". The Journal of Pain. 4 (8): 455–464. doi:10.1067/S1526-5900(03)00780-6. PMID 14622666.
Bennett MI, Hughes N, Johnson MI (June 2011). "Methodological quality in randomised controlled trials of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation for pain: low fidelity may explain negative findings". Pain. 152 (6): 1226–1232. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.12.009. PMID 21435786. S2CID 25712472.
Johnson M, Martinson M (July 2007). "Efficacy of electrical nerve stimulation for chronic musculoskeletal pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Pain. 130 (1–2): 157–165. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.02.007. PMID 17383095. S2CID 26643050.
Dubinsky RM, Miyasaki J (January 2010). "Assessment: efficacy of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in the treatment of pain in neurologic disorders (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology". Neurology. 74 (2): 173–176. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c918fc. PMID 20042705.
Khadilkar A, Odebiyi DO, Brosseau L, Wells GA (October 2008). Brosseau L (ed.). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) versus placebo for chronic low-back pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2008 (4): CD003008. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003008.pub3. PMC 7138213. PMID 18843638.
Maheu E, Soriot-Thomas S, Noel E, Ganry H, Lespessailles E, Cortet B (2022). "Wearable transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (actiTENS®) is effective and safe for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis pain: a randomized controlled trial versus weak opioids". Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease. 14: 1759720X211066233. doi:10.1177/1759720X211066233. PMC 8777341. PMID 35069809.
Johnson MI, Mulvey MR, Bagnall AM (August 2015). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for phantom pain and stump pain following amputation in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (4): CD007264. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007264.pub3. PMC 7209768. PMID 26284511.
Ellrich J, Lamp S (October 2005). "Peripheral nerve stimulation inhibits nociceptive processing: an electrophysiological study in healthy volunteers". Neuromodulation. 8 (4): 225–232. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1403.2005.00029.x. PMID 22151549. S2CID 22850373.
Kara M, Ozçakar L, Gökçay D, Ozçelik E, Yörübulut M, Güneri S, et al. (August 2010). "Quantification of the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with functional magnetic resonance imaging: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 91 (8): 1160–1165. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.04.023. hdl:11511/57499. PMID 20684895.
Kocyigit F, Akalin E, Gezer NS, Orbay O, Kocyigit A, Ada E (September 2012). "Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the effects of low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on central pain modulation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial". The Clinical Journal of Pain. 28 (7): 581–588. doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e31823c2bd7. PMID 22699130. S2CID 22274615.
McQuay HJ, Moore RA, Eccleston C, Morley S, Williams AC (July 1997). "Systematic review of outpatient services for chronic pain control". Health Technology Assessment. 1 (6): i–iv, 1–135. doi:10.3310/hta1060. PMID 9483161.
van der Spank JT, Cambier DC, De Paepe HM, Danneels LA, Witvrouw EE, Beerens L (November 2000). "Pain relief in labour by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)". Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 264 (3): 131–136. doi:10.1007/s004040000099. PMID 11129512. S2CID 1076157.
Báez-Suárez A, Martín-Castillo E, García-Andújar J, García-Hernández JÁ, Quintana-Montesdeoca MP, Loro-Ferrer JF (November 2018). "Evaluation of different doses of transcutaneous nerve stimulation for pain relief during labour: a randomized controlled trial". Trials. 19 (1): 652. doi:10.1186/s13063-018-3036-2. PMC 6258317. PMID 30477529.
Santana LS, Gallo RB, Ferreira CH, Duarte G, Quintana SM, Marcolin AC (January 2016). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) reduces pain and postpones the need for pharmacological analgesia during labour: a randomised trial". Journal of Physiotherapy. 62 (1): 29–34. doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2015.11.002. PMID 26701166.
Igwea SE, Tabansi-Ochuogu CS, Abaraogu UO (August 2016). "TENS and heat therapy for pain relief and quality of life improvement in individuals with primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review". Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 24: 86–91. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.05.001. PMID 27502806.
Arik MI, Kiloatar H, Aslan B, Icelli M (2020-08-29). "The effect of TENS for pain relief in women with primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Explore. 18 (1): 108–113. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2020.08.005. PMID 32917532. S2CID 221637541.
Hurlow A, Bennett MI, Robb KA, Johnson MI, Simpson KH, Oxberry SG (March 2012). "Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) for cancer pain in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012 (3): CD006276. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006276.pub3. PMC 6669272. PMID 22419313.
Eccleston C, Fisher E, Thomas KH, Hearn L, Derry S, Stannard C, et al. (November 2017). "Interventions for the reduction of prescribed opioid use in chronic non-cancer pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11 (5): CD010323. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010323.pub3. PMC 6486018. PMID 29130474.
Agost-González A, Escobio-Prieto I, Pareja-Leal AM, Casuso-Holgado MJ, Blanco-Diaz M, Albornoz-Cabello M (July 2021). "Percutaneous versus Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of the Posterior Tibial Nerve in Idiopathic Overactive Bladder Syndrome with Urinary Incontinence in Adults: A Systematic Review". Healthcare. 9 (7): 879. doi:10.3390/healthcare9070879. PMC 8306496. PMID 34356261.
Coolen RL, Groen J, Scheepe JR, Blok BF (September 2021). "Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation to Treat Idiopathic Nonobstructive Urinary Retention: A Systematic Review". European Urology Focus. 7 (5): 1184–1194. doi:10.1016/j.euf.2020.09.019. PMID 33268327. S2CID 226342032.
Booth J, Connelly L, Dickson S, Duncan F, Lawrence M (February 2018). "The effectiveness of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) for adults with overactive bladder syndrome: A systematic review" (PDF). Neurourology and Urodynamics. 37 (2): 528–541. doi:10.1002/nau.23351. PMID 28731583. S2CID 206304402.
Ghavidel-Sardsahra A, Ghojazadeh M, Rahnama'I MS, Naseri A, Yazdandoost S, Khezerloo T, et al. (February 2022). "Efficacy of percutaneous and transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation on idiopathic overactive bladder and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Neurourology and Urodynamics. 41 (2): 539–551. doi:10.1002/nau.24864. PMID 35032328. S2CID 247170572.
Yang DY, Zhao LN, Qiu MX (May 2021). "Treatment for overactive bladder: A meta-analysis of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation". Medicine. 100 (20): e25941. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000025941. PMC 8137095. PMID 34011072.
Booth J, Aucott L, Cotton S, Davis B, Fenocchi L, Goodman C, et al. (June 2021). "Tibial nerve stimulation compared with sham to reduce incontinence in care home residents: Electric RCT". Health Technology Assessment. 25 (41): 1–110. doi:10.3310/hta25410. PMC 8273680. PMID 34167637.
Chipaila N, Sgolastra F, Spadaro A, Pietropaoli D, Masci C, Cattaneo R, Monaco A (April 2014). "The effects of ULF-TENS stimulation on gnathology: the state of the art". Cranio. 32 (2): 118–130. doi:10.1179/0886963413Z.00000000018. PMID 24839723. S2CID 22320755.
Pahwa R, Dhall R, Ostrem J, Gwinn R, Lyons K, Ro S, et al. (July 2019). "An Acute Randomized Controlled Trial of Noninvasive Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Essential Tremor". Neuromodulation. 22 (5): 537–545. doi:10.1111/ner.12930. PMC 6766922. PMID 30701655.
Lin PT, Ross EK, Chidester P, Rosenbluth KH, Hamner SR, Wong SH, et al. (July 2018). "Noninvasive neuromodulation in essential tremor demonstrates relief in a sham-controlled pilot trial". Movement Disorders. 33 (7): 1182–1183. doi:10.1002/mds.27350. PMC 6174932. PMID 29663525.
Digby GC, Daubney ME, Baggs J, Campbell D, Simpson CS, Redfearn DP, et al. (July 2009). "Physiotherapy and cardiac rhythm devices: a review of the current scope of practice". Europace. 11 (7): 850–859. doi:10.1093/europace/eup102. PMID 19411677.
Nnoaham KE, Kumbang J (July 2008). Nnoaham KE (ed.). "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): CD003222. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003222.pub2. PMID 18646088.
Jensen JE, Conn RR, Hazelrigg G, Hewett JE (1985). "The use of transcutaneous neural stimulation and isokinetic testing in arthroscopic knee surgery". The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 13 (1): 27–33. doi:10.1177/036354658501300105. PMID 3872082. S2CID 19217534.
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