Transition metal (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Transition metal" in English language version.

Last modified: 18:08:50, 4 December 2025 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

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3126doi.org

2^nd place

1312adsabs.harvard.edu

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106semanticscholar.org

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85iupac.org

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73web.archive.org

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55nih.gov

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31springer.com

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22worldcat.org

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21uv.es

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11zenodo.org

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11encyclopedia.com

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11loc.gov

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acs.org (Global: 865^th place; English: 887^th place)

pubs.acs.org

Scerri, Eric (2009). "Which Elements Belong in Group 3?". Journal of Chemical Education. 86 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2009JChEd..86.1188S. doi:10.1021/ed086p1188. Retrieved 1 January 2023.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Jensen, William B. (2003). "The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. 80 (8): 952–961. Bibcode:2003JChEd..80..952J. doi:10.1021/ed080p952.
Bury, C. R. (1921). "Langmuir's theory of the arrangement of electrons in atoms and molecules". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 43 (7): 1602–1609. Bibcode:1921JAChS..43.1602B. doi:10.1021/ja01440a023.
William B. Jensen (1982). "The Positions of Lanthanum (Actinium) and Lutetium (Lawrencium) in the Periodic Table". J. Chem. Educ. 59 (8): 634–636. Bibcode:1982JChEd..59..634J. doi:10.1021/ed059p634.
Scerri, Eric (2009). "Which Elements Belong in Group 3?". Journal of Chemical Education. 86 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2009JChEd..86.1188S. doi:10.1021/ed086p1188. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
Farberovich, O. V.; Kurganskii, S. I.; Domashevskaya, E. P. (1980). "Problems of the OPW Method. II. Calculation of the Band Structure of ZnS and CdS". Physica Status Solidi B. 97 (2): 631–640. Bibcode:1980PSSBR..97..631F. doi:10.1002/pssb.2220970230.
Singh, Prabhakar P. (1994). "Relativistic effects in mercury: Atom, clusters, and bulk". Physical Review B. 49 (7): 4954–4958. Bibcode:1994PhRvB..49.4954S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.49.4954. PMID 10011429.
Wang, Xuefang; Andrews, Lester; Riedel, Sebastian; Kaupp, Martin (2007). "Mercury Is a Transition Metal: The First Experimental Evidence for HgF₄". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46 (44): 8371–8375. Bibcode:2007ACIE...46.8371W. doi:10.1002/anie.200703710. PMID 17899620.
Jensen, William B. (2008). "Is Mercury Now a Transition Element?". J. Chem. Educ. 85 (9): 1182–1183. Bibcode:2008JChEd..85.1182J. doi:10.1021/ed085p1182.
Fernández, Israel; Holzmann, Nicole; Frenking, Gernot (2020). "The Valence Orbitals of the Alkaline-Earth Atoms". Chemistry: A European Journal. 26 (62): 14194–14210. Bibcode:2020ChEuJ..2614194F. doi:10.1002/chem.202002986. PMC 7702052. PMID 32666598. S2CID 220529532.
Matsumoto, Paul S (2005). "Trends in Ionization Energy of Transition-Metal Elements". Journal of Chemical Education. 82 (11): 1660. Bibcode:2005JChEd..82.1660M. doi:10.1021/ed082p1660.
Protchenko, Andrey V.; Dange, Deepak; Harmer, Jeffrey R.; Tang, Christina Y.; Schwarz, Andrew D.; Kelly, Michael J.; Phillips, Nicholas; Tirfoin, Remi; Birjkumar, Krishna Hassomal; Jones, Cameron; Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas; Mountford, Philip; Aldridge, Simon (16 February 2014). "Stable GaX₂, InX₂ and TlX₂ radicals". Nature Chemistry. 6 (4): 315–319. Bibcode:2014NatCh...6..315P. doi:10.1038/nchem.1870. PMID 24651198.
Kovacs KA, Grof P, Burai L, Riedel M (2004). "Revising the Mechanism of the Permanganate/Oxalate Reaction". J. Phys. Chem. A. 108 (50): 11026–11031. Bibcode:2004JPCA..10811026K. doi:10.1021/jp047061u.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Petrucci, Ralph H.; Harwood, William S.; Herring, F. Geoffrey (2002). General chemistry: principles and modern applications (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. pp. 341–342. ISBN 978-0-13-014329-7. LCCN 2001032331. OCLC 46872308.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Jensen, William B. (2003). "The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. 80 (8): 952–961. Bibcode:2003JChEd..80..952J. doi:10.1021/ed080p952.
Bury, C. R. (1921). "Langmuir's theory of the arrangement of electrons in atoms and molecules". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 43 (7): 1602–1609. Bibcode:1921JAChS..43.1602B. doi:10.1021/ja01440a023.
IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "transition element". doi:10.1351/goldbook.T06456
Wittig, Jörg (1973). "The pressure variable in solid state physics: What about 4f-band superconductors?". In H. J. Queisser (ed.). Festkörper Probleme: Plenary Lectures of the Divisions Semiconductor Physics, Surface Physics, Low Temperature Physics, High Polymers, Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, of the German Physical Society, Münster, March 19–24, 1973. Advances in Solid State Physics. Vol. 13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 375–396. doi:10.1007/BFb0108579. ISBN 978-3-528-08019-8.
William B. Jensen (1982). "The Positions of Lanthanum (Actinium) and Lutetium (Lawrencium) in the Periodic Table". J. Chem. Educ. 59 (8): 634–636. Bibcode:1982JChEd..59..634J. doi:10.1021/ed059p634.
Jensen, William B. (2015). "The positions of lanthanum (actinium) and lutetium (lawrencium) in the periodic table: an update". Foundations of Chemistry. 17: 23–31. doi:10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1. S2CID 98624395. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
Scerri, Eric (18 January 2021). "Provisional Report on Discussions on Group 3 of the Periodic Table" (PDF). Chemistry International. 43 (1): 31–34. doi:10.1515/ci-2021-0115. S2CID 231694898. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
Thyssen, P.; Binnemans, K. (2011). "Accommodation of the Rare Earths in the Periodic Table: A Historical Analysis". In Gschneidner, K. A. Jr.; Bünzli, J-C.G; Vecharsky, Bünzli (eds.). Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths. Vol. 41. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 1–94. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53590-0.00001-7. ISBN 978-0-444-53590-0.
Barber, Robert C.; Karol, Paul J; Nakahara, Hiromichi; Vardaci, Emanuele; Vogt, Erich W. (2011). "Discovery of the elements with atomic numbers greater than or equal to 113 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 83 (7): 1485. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-05-01.
Karol, Paul J.; Barber, Robert C.; Sherrill, Bradley M.; Vardaci, Emanuele; Yamazaki, Toshimitsu (22 December 2015). "Discovery of the elements with atomic numbers Z = 113, 115 and 117 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (1–2): 139–153. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0502.
Pyykkö, Pekka (2019). "An essay on periodic tables" (PDF). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 91 (12): 1959–1967. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0801. S2CID 203944816. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
Fluck, E. (1988). "New Notations in the Periodic Table" (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 60 (3): 431–436. doi:10.1351/pac198860030431. S2CID 96704008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
Scerri, Eric (2009). "Which Elements Belong in Group 3?". Journal of Chemical Education. 86 (10): 1188. Bibcode:2009JChEd..86.1188S. doi:10.1021/ed086p1188. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
Chemey, Alexander T.; Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E. (2019). "Evolution of the periodic table through the synthesis of new elements". Radiochimica Acta. 107 (9–11): 771–801. doi:10.1515/ract-2018-3082. S2CID 104470619.
Tossell, J.A. (1 November 1977). "Theoretical studies of valence orbital binding energies in solid zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, and zinc fluoride". Inorganic Chemistry. 16 (11): 2944–2949. doi:10.1021/ic50177a056.
Farberovich, O. V.; Kurganskii, S. I.; Domashevskaya, E. P. (1980). "Problems of the OPW Method. II. Calculation of the Band Structure of ZnS and CdS". Physica Status Solidi B. 97 (2): 631–640. Bibcode:1980PSSBR..97..631F. doi:10.1002/pssb.2220970230.
Singh, Prabhakar P. (1994). "Relativistic effects in mercury: Atom, clusters, and bulk". Physical Review B. 49 (7): 4954–4958. Bibcode:1994PhRvB..49.4954S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.49.4954. PMID 10011429.
Wang, Xuefang; Andrews, Lester; Riedel, Sebastian; Kaupp, Martin (2007). "Mercury Is a Transition Metal: The First Experimental Evidence for HgF₄". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46 (44): 8371–8375. Bibcode:2007ACIE...46.8371W. doi:10.1002/anie.200703710. PMID 17899620.
Jensen, William B. (2008). "Is Mercury Now a Transition Element?". J. Chem. Educ. 85 (9): 1182–1183. Bibcode:2008JChEd..85.1182J. doi:10.1021/ed085p1182.
Fernández, Israel; Holzmann, Nicole; Frenking, Gernot (2020). "The Valence Orbitals of the Alkaline-Earth Atoms". Chemistry: A European Journal. 26 (62): 14194–14210. Bibcode:2020ChEuJ..2614194F. doi:10.1002/chem.202002986. PMC 7702052. PMID 32666598. S2CID 220529532.
Pyykkö, Pekka; Desclaux, Jean-Paul (1979). "Relativity and the Periodic System of Elements". Accounts of Chemical Research. 12 (8): 276–281. doi:10.1021/ar50140a002.
Jørgensen, Christian (1973). "The Loose Connection between Electron Configuration and the Chemical Behavior of the Heavy Elements (Transuranics)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 12 (1): 12–19. doi:10.1002/anie.197300121.
Matsumoto, Paul S (2005). "Trends in Ionization Energy of Transition-Metal Elements". Journal of Chemical Education. 82 (11): 1660. Bibcode:2005JChEd..82.1660M. doi:10.1021/ed082p1660.
Protchenko, Andrey V.; Dange, Deepak; Harmer, Jeffrey R.; Tang, Christina Y.; Schwarz, Andrew D.; Kelly, Michael J.; Phillips, Nicholas; Tirfoin, Remi; Birjkumar, Krishna Hassomal; Jones, Cameron; Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas; Mountford, Philip; Aldridge, Simon (16 February 2014). "Stable GaX₂, InX₂ and TlX₂ radicals". Nature Chemistry. 6 (4): 315–319. Bibcode:2014NatCh...6..315P. doi:10.1038/nchem.1870. PMID 24651198.
Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. p. 240
Kovacs KA, Grof P, Burai L, Riedel M (2004). "Revising the Mechanism of the Permanganate/Oxalate Reaction". J. Phys. Chem. A. 108 (50): 11026–11031. Bibcode:2004JPCA..10811026K. doi:10.1021/jp047061u.

encyclopedia.com (Global: 457^th place; English: 342^nd place)

Bury, Charles Rugeley. Encyclopedia.com Complete dictionary of scientific biography (2008).

eoearth.org (Global: 6,629^th place; English: 6,682^nd place)

Hogan, C. Michael (2010). "Heavy metal" in Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. E. Monosson and C. Cleveland (eds.) Washington DC.

epfl.ch (Global: 3,783^rd place; English: 3,769^th place)

infoscience.epfl.ch

Kovacs KA, Grof P, Burai L, Riedel M (2004). "Revising the Mechanism of the Permanganate/Oxalate Reaction". J. Phys. Chem. A. 108 (50): 11026–11031. Bibcode:2004JPCA..10811026K. doi:10.1021/jp047061u.

helsinki.fi (Global: 1,384^th place; English: 2,463^rd place)

chem.helsinki.fi

Pyykkö, Pekka (2019). "An essay on periodic tables" (PDF). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 91 (12): 1959–1967. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0801. S2CID 203944816. Retrieved 27 November 2022.

iupac.org (Global: 1,291^st place; English: 1,832^nd place)

iupac.org

Leigh, G. J., ed. (2011). Principles of Chemical Nomenclature (PDF). The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-84973-007-5.
Scerri, Eric (18 January 2021). "Provisional Report on Discussions on Group 3 of the Periodic Table" (PDF). Chemistry International. 43 (1): 31–34. doi:10.1515/ci-2021-0115. S2CID 231694898. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
Fluck, E. (1988). "New Notations in the Periodic Table" (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 60 (3): 431–436. doi:10.1351/pac198860030431. S2CID 96704008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2012.

old.iupac.org

Connelly, N.G.; Damhus, T.; Hartshorn, R.M.; Hutton, A.T., eds. (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (PDF). RSC–IUPAC. ISBN 0-85404-438-8.

goldbook.iupac.org

IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "transition element". doi:10.1351/goldbook.T06456

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

lccn.loc.gov

Petrucci, Ralph H.; Harwood, William S.; Herring, F. Geoffrey (2002). General chemistry: principles and modern applications (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. pp. 341–342. ISBN 978-0-13-014329-7. LCCN 2001032331. OCLC 46872308.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Singh, Prabhakar P. (1994). "Relativistic effects in mercury: Atom, clusters, and bulk". Physical Review B. 49 (7): 4954–4958. Bibcode:1994PhRvB..49.4954S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.49.4954. PMID 10011429.
Wang, Xuefang; Andrews, Lester; Riedel, Sebastian; Kaupp, Martin (2007). "Mercury Is a Transition Metal: The First Experimental Evidence for HgF₄". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46 (44): 8371–8375. Bibcode:2007ACIE...46.8371W. doi:10.1002/anie.200703710. PMID 17899620.
Fernández, Israel; Holzmann, Nicole; Frenking, Gernot (2020). "The Valence Orbitals of the Alkaline-Earth Atoms". Chemistry: A European Journal. 26 (62): 14194–14210. Bibcode:2020ChEuJ..2614194F. doi:10.1002/chem.202002986. PMC 7702052. PMID 32666598. S2CID 220529532.
Protchenko, Andrey V.; Dange, Deepak; Harmer, Jeffrey R.; Tang, Christina Y.; Schwarz, Andrew D.; Kelly, Michael J.; Phillips, Nicholas; Tirfoin, Remi; Birjkumar, Krishna Hassomal; Jones, Cameron; Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas; Mountford, Philip; Aldridge, Simon (16 February 2014). "Stable GaX₂, InX₂ and TlX₂ radicals". Nature Chemistry. 6 (4): 315–319. Bibcode:2014NatCh...6..315P. doi:10.1038/nchem.1870. PMID 24651198.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Fernández, Israel; Holzmann, Nicole; Frenking, Gernot (2020). "The Valence Orbitals of the Alkaline-Earth Atoms". Chemistry: A European Journal. 26 (62): 14194–14210. Bibcode:2020ChEuJ..2614194F. doi:10.1002/chem.202002986. PMC 7702052. PMID 32666598. S2CID 220529532.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Jensen, William B. (2015). "The positions of lanthanum (actinium) and lutetium (lawrencium) in the periodic table: an update". Foundations of Chemistry. 17: 23–31. doi:10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1. S2CID 98624395. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
Scerri, Eric (18 January 2021). "Provisional Report on Discussions on Group 3 of the Periodic Table" (PDF). Chemistry International. 43 (1): 31–34. doi:10.1515/ci-2021-0115. S2CID 231694898. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
Pyykkö, Pekka (2019). "An essay on periodic tables" (PDF). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 91 (12): 1959–1967. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0801. S2CID 203944816. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
Fluck, E. (1988). "New Notations in the Periodic Table" (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 60 (3): 431–436. doi:10.1351/pac198860030431. S2CID 96704008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
Chemey, Alexander T.; Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E. (2019). "Evolution of the periodic table through the synthesis of new elements". Radiochimica Acta. 107 (9–11): 771–801. doi:10.1515/ract-2018-3082. S2CID 104470619.
Fernández, Israel; Holzmann, Nicole; Frenking, Gernot (2020). "The Valence Orbitals of the Alkaline-Earth Atoms". Chemistry: A European Journal. 26 (62): 14194–14210. Bibcode:2020ChEuJ..2614194F. doi:10.1002/chem.202002986. PMC 7702052. PMID 32666598. S2CID 220529532.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Jensen, William B. (2015). "The positions of lanthanum (actinium) and lutetium (lawrencium) in the periodic table: an update". Foundations of Chemistry. 17: 23–31. doi:10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1. S2CID 98624395. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.

uv.es (Global: 5,637^th place; English: 9,511^th place)

Jensen, William B. (2003). "The Place of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Periodic Table" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Education. 80 (8): 952–961. Bibcode:2003JChEd..80..952J. doi:10.1021/ed080p952.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Jensen, William B. (2015). "The positions of lanthanum (actinium) and lutetium (lawrencium) in the periodic table: an update". Foundations of Chemistry. 17: 23–31. doi:10.1007/s10698-015-9216-1. S2CID 98624395. Archived from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
Scerri, Eric (18 January 2021). "Provisional Report on Discussions on Group 3 of the Periodic Table" (PDF). Chemistry International. 43 (1): 31–34. doi:10.1515/ci-2021-0115. S2CID 231694898. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
Fluck, E. (1988). "New Notations in the Periodic Table" (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 60 (3): 431–436. doi:10.1351/pac198860030431. S2CID 96704008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2012.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Petrucci, Ralph H.; Harwood, William S.; Herring, F. Geoffrey (2002). General chemistry: principles and modern applications (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. pp. 341–342. ISBN 978-0-13-014329-7. LCCN 2001032331. OCLC 46872308.
Scerri, Eric R. (2020). The Periodic Table: Its Story and Its Significance. New York, NY. ISBN 978-0-19-091436-3. OCLC 1096234740.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)

Bury, C. R. (1921). "Langmuir's theory of the arrangement of electrons in atoms and molecules". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 43 (7): 1602–1609. Bibcode:1921JAChS..43.1602B. doi:10.1021/ja01440a023.

Transition metal (English Wikipedia)

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doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

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epfl.ch (Global: 3,783rd place; English: 3,769th place)