Samuel Rezneck, "Constructive Treason by Words in the Fifteenth Century", American Historical Review 33 (1927), pp. 544–552. "Before 1352 as after, the essence of treason is to be found in the intent to compass the death of the king; everything else, words included, was to be regarded as the outward manifestation and as the proof of that intent." Rezneck added that the fifteenth-century indictment for treason "was a narrative tending toward exhaustive comprehensiveness", and that when spoken words were changed they were part of a "manifold narrative" designed to establish the compassing and imagining of the king's death. See also J. G. Bellamy, The Law of Treason in England in the Later Middle Ages, Cambridge University Press, Appendix I (2004 ed.), especially pp. 120–123
