Triode (English Wikipedia)

Zhang, Peng; Valfells, Ágúst; Ang, L. K.; Luginsland, J. W.; Lau, Y. Y. (March 2017). "100 years of the physics of diodes". Applied Physics Reviews. 4 (1): 011304. doi:10.1063/1.4978231. ISSN 1931-9401.

americanradiohistory.com (Global: 3,253^rd place; English: 3,182^nd place)

Tyne, Gerald F. J. (September 1943). "The Saga of the Vacuum Tube, Part 6" (PDF). Radio News. 30 (3). Chicago, IL: Ziff-Davis: 26–28, 91. Retrieved November 30, 2016.^{[dead link]}

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Harris, Saunder (November 1960). Popular Electronics November 1960. Digital Library of Amateur Radio & Communications. pp. 94–97, 128.
Popular Electronics. January 1956. pp. 91–92.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Nebeker, Frederik (2009). Dawn of the Electronic Age: Electrical Technologies in the Shaping of the Modern World, 1914 to 1945. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0470409749.
Turner, L. B. (17 October 2013). Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony. Cambridge University Press. p. 78. ISBN 110762956X. First published in 1921, this book was originally intended to supplement the knowledge of electrical engineers with limited experience of wireless telegraphy. Turner examines various branches of the technology's development, focusing especially on the thermionic method of wireless, and compares telegraphy to telephony.
Ginoux, Jean-Marc; Rosetto, Bruno, "The Singing Arc: The oldest memrister?" in Adamatzky, Andrew; Chen, Guanrong (2013). Chaos, CNN, Memristors and Beyond. World Scientific. p. 500. ISBN 978-9814434812.
Burns, Russell W. (2004). Communications: An International History of the Formative Years. London: Institute of Electrical Engineers. p. 339. ISBN 0863413277.
Aitken, Hugh G.J. (2014). The Continuous Wave: Technology and American Radio, 1900-1932. Princeton University Press. p. 195. ISBN 978-1400854608.
Fisher, David E.; Fisher, Marshall (1996). Tube: The Invention of Television. Counterpoint. p. 54. ISBN 1887178171.
Hijiya, James A. (1997). Lee de Forest and the Fatherhood of Radio. Lehigh University Press. p. 77. ISBN 0934223238.
Okamura, Sōgo (1994). History of Electron Tubes. IOS Press. pp. 17–22. ISBN 9051991452.
Lee, Thomas H. (2004). Planar Microwave Engineering: A Practical Guide to Theory, Measurement, and Circuits. Cambridge University Press. pp. 13–14. ISBN 0521835267.
Hempstead, Colin; William E. Worthington (2005). Encyclopedia of 20th-Century Technology, Vol. 2. Taylor & Francis. p. 643. ISBN 1579584640.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

De Forest, Lee (January 1906). "The Audion; A New Receiver for Wireless Telegraphy". Trans. AIEE. 25. American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers: 735–763. doi:10.1109/t-aiee.1906.4764762. Retrieved March 30, 2021. The link is to a reprint of the paper in the Scientific American Supplement, Nos. 1665 and 1666, November 30, 1907 and December 7, 1907, p.348-350 and 354-356
Armstrong, E.H. (September 1915). "Some Recent Developments in the Audion Receiver". Proceedings of the IRE. 3 (9): 215–247. doi:10.1109/jrproc.1915.216677. S2CID 2116636.. Republished as Armstrong, E.H. (April 1997). "Some Recent Developments in the Audion Receiver" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 85 (4): 685–697. doi:10.1109/jproc.1997.573757.
Goetz, J. A.; Brooke, A. W. (February 1952). "Electron tube experience in computing equipment". Electrical Engineering. 71 (2): 154–157. doi:10.1109/EE.1952.6437952. ISSN 0095-9197.
Lavoo, N.T. (November 1947). "Transadmittance and Input Conductance of a Lighthouse Triode at 3000 Megacycles". Proceedings of the IRE. 35 (11): 1248–1251. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1947.233243. ISSN 0096-8390.
Zhang, Peng; Valfells, Ágúst; Ang, L. K.; Luginsland, J. W.; Lau, Y. Y. (March 2017). "100 years of the physics of diodes". Applied Physics Reviews. 4 (1): 011304. doi:10.1063/1.4978231. ISSN 1931-9401.
Miller, J.M. (February 1920). "The Dependence of the Amplification Constant and Internal Plate Circuit Resistance of a Three-Electrode Vacuum Tube upon the Structural Dimensions". Proceedings of the IRE. 8 (1): 64–73. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1920.220024.
Warner, J.C.; Loughren, A.V. (December 1926). "The Output Characteristics of Amplifier Tubes". Proceedings of the IRE. 14 (6): 735–757. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1926.221084. ISSN 0096-8390.
Warner, J.C.; Loughren, A.V. (December 1926). "The Output Characteristics of Amplifier Tubes". Proceedings of the IRE. 14 (6): 741. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1926.221084. ISSN 0096-8390.
Thompson, B.J. (April 1933). "Graphical Determination of Performance of Push-Pull Audio Amplifiers". Proceedings of the IRE. 21 (4): 592–595. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1933.227708. ISSN 0096-8390.
Thompson, B.J. (April 1933). "Graphical Determination of Performance of Push-Pull Audio Amplifiers". Proceedings of the IRE. 21 (4): 591–600. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1933.227708. ISSN 0096-8390.

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babel.hathitrust.org

De Forest, Lee (January 1906). "The Audion; A New Receiver for Wireless Telegraphy". Trans. AIEE. 25. American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers: 735–763. doi:10.1109/t-aiee.1906.4764762. Retrieved March 30, 2021. The link is to a reprint of the paper in the Scientific American Supplement, Nos. 1665 and 1666, November 30, 1907 and December 7, 1907, p.348-350 and 354-356

hometheaterhifi.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Dual Triode Vacuum Tubes: 12AX7 and 12AU7 – Why They Are So Popular for Use in Audio Amplifiers". Home Theater Hi-Fi. Retrieved 2026-02-26.

hts-homepage.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

DRP 179807

ieee.org (Global: 912^th place; English: 722^nd place)

ieeexplore.ieee.org

Goetz, J. A.; Brooke, A. W. (February 1952). "Electron tube experience in computing equipment". Electrical Engineering. 71 (2): 154–157. doi:10.1109/EE.1952.6437952. ISSN 0095-9197.
Lavoo, N.T. (November 1947). "Transadmittance and Input Conductance of a Lighthouse Triode at 3000 Megacycles". Proceedings of the IRE. 35 (11): 1248–1251. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1947.233243. ISSN 0096-8390.
Warner, J.C.; Loughren, A.V. (December 1926). "The Output Characteristics of Amplifier Tubes". Proceedings of the IRE. 14 (6): 735–757. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1926.221084. ISSN 0096-8390.
Warner, J.C.; Loughren, A.V. (December 1926). "The Output Characteristics of Amplifier Tubes". Proceedings of the IRE. 14 (6): 741. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1926.221084. ISSN 0096-8390.
Thompson, B.J. (April 1933). "Graphical Determination of Performance of Push-Pull Audio Amplifiers". Proceedings of the IRE. 21 (4): 592–595. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1933.227708. ISSN 0096-8390.
Thompson, B.J. (April 1933). "Graphical Determination of Performance of Push-Pull Audio Amplifiers". Proceedings of the IRE. 21 (4): 591–600. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1933.227708. ISSN 0096-8390.

spectrum.ieee.org

"The Cool Sound of Tubes". spectrum.ieee.org. 1998-08-01. Retrieved 2025-10-26.

ieee.org

Armstrong, E.H. (September 1915). "Some Recent Developments in the Audion Receiver". Proceedings of the IRE. 3 (9): 215–247. doi:10.1109/jrproc.1915.216677. S2CID 2116636.. Republished as Armstrong, E.H. (April 1997). "Some Recent Developments in the Audion Receiver" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 85 (4): 685–697. doi:10.1109/jproc.1997.573757.

patents.google.com (Global: 1,154^th place; English: 606^th place)

U.S. patent 879,532, Space Telegraphy, filed January 29, 1907, issued February 18, 1908

r-type.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Lighthouse Valves". www.r-type.org. Retrieved 2026-02-23.

rotkopf.it (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Industrial RF and vacuum tube technology". Rotkopf Electronics. Retrieved 2026-03-13.

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api.semanticscholar.org

Armstrong, E.H. (September 1915). "Some Recent Developments in the Audion Receiver". Proceedings of the IRE. 3 (9): 215–247. doi:10.1109/jrproc.1915.216677. S2CID 2116636.. Republished as Armstrong, E.H. (April 1997). "Some Recent Developments in the Audion Receiver" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 85 (4): 685–697. doi:10.1109/jproc.1997.573757.

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Goetz, J. A.; Brooke, A. W. (February 1952). "Electron tube experience in computing equipment". Electrical Engineering. 71 (2): 154–157. doi:10.1109/EE.1952.6437952. ISSN 0095-9197.
Lavoo, N.T. (November 1947). "Transadmittance and Input Conductance of a Lighthouse Triode at 3000 Megacycles". Proceedings of the IRE. 35 (11): 1248–1251. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1947.233243. ISSN 0096-8390.
Zhang, Peng; Valfells, Ágúst; Ang, L. K.; Luginsland, J. W.; Lau, Y. Y. (March 2017). "100 years of the physics of diodes". Applied Physics Reviews. 4 (1): 011304. doi:10.1063/1.4978231. ISSN 1931-9401.
Warner, J.C.; Loughren, A.V. (December 1926). "The Output Characteristics of Amplifier Tubes". Proceedings of the IRE. 14 (6): 735–757. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1926.221084. ISSN 0096-8390.
Warner, J.C.; Loughren, A.V. (December 1926). "The Output Characteristics of Amplifier Tubes". Proceedings of the IRE. 14 (6): 741. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1926.221084. ISSN 0096-8390.
Thompson, B.J. (April 1933). "Graphical Determination of Performance of Push-Pull Audio Amplifiers". Proceedings of the IRE. 21 (4): 592–595. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1933.227708. ISSN 0096-8390.
Thompson, B.J. (April 1933). "Graphical Determination of Performance of Push-Pull Audio Amplifiers". Proceedings of the IRE. 21 (4): 591–600. doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1933.227708. ISSN 0096-8390.

worldradiohistory.com (Global: 127^th place; English: 68^th place)

Tyne, Gerald F. J. (November 1943). "The Saga of the Vacuum Tube, Part 8" (PDF). Radio News. 30 (5). Chicago, IL: Ziff-Davis: 26–28. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
McArthur, E. D. (February 1945). "Disk-seal tubes" (PDF). Electronics: 98–102 – via World Radio History.
Becker, J. A. (July 1935). "Thermionic Electron Emission" (PDF). Bell System Technical Journal. 14 (7): 413–476 – via World Radio History.

ww2online.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

""Lighthouse" tubes for microwaves developed by General Electric, United States, 1945 | The Digital Collections of the National WWII Museum : Oral Histories". www.ww2online.org. Retrieved 2026-02-23.

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)

Armstrong, E.H. (September 1915). "Some Recent Developments in the Audion Receiver". Proceedings of the IRE. 3 (9): 215–247. doi:10.1109/jrproc.1915.216677. S2CID 2116636.. Republished as Armstrong, E.H. (April 1997). "Some Recent Developments in the Audion Receiver" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 85 (4): 685–697. doi:10.1109/jproc.1997.573757.

Triode (English Wikipedia)

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