The lingua franca would have been Luwian, though the poet has no name for it. Alternatively, Carian may earn this epithet as the most familiar foreign ("barbarian") language to a Greek of the eastern Aegean when the Iliad was composed (Dalby 2006, p. 132). Dalby, Andrew (2006), Rediscovering Homer, New York, London: Norton, ISBN0-393-05788-7
