Atwood, J.L.; Lerman, S.B. (2006). "Family Polioptilidae (Gnatcatchers)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 11: Old Word flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 350–376 [373–374]. ISBN978-84-96553-06-4.