Truffle (English Wikipedia)

See: Thérèse Dereix de Laplane (2010) "Des truffes sauvages aux truffes cultivées en Loudunais" (From wild truffles to cultivated truffles in the area of Loudun), Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Touraine, 23 : 215–241. Available on-line at: Academy of Touraine Archived 2016-05-06 at the Wayback Machine From pp. 224–225: "le paysan, a alors l'idée, vers 1790 — puisqu'il y a symbiose évidente entre le chêne, les galluches et la truffe — de provoquer la formation de truffières, en reproduisant leur environnement naturel par des semis de glands dans ses "terres galluches". Avec "les glands venus sur les chênes donnant les truffes, des semis furent faits dans les terrains calcaires voisins"" (the farmer [viz, Pierre II Mauléon] then had the idea, around 1790 — because there is an obvious symbiosis between the oak tree, the rocky soil, and truffles — of inducing the formation of truffle patches, by reproducing their natural environment by sowing acorns in his rocky soils. With "the acorns [that] came from the oak trees producing truffles, sowings were made in the neighbouring chalky plots")

adelaide.edu.au

etext.library.adelaide.edu.au

Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme (1838) [1825]. Physiologie du goût. Paris: Charpentier. English translation Archived 2008-07-06 at the Wayback Machine

angelfire.com

"Non-cultivated Edible Fleshy Fungi". Archived from the original on 2021-03-15. Retrieved 2008-05-17. ...it has been known for more than a century that truffles were mycorrhizal on various trees such as oak, beech, birch, hazels, and a few others

archive.org

Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme (1838) [1825]. Physiologie du goût. Paris: Charpentier. English translation Archived 2008-07-06 at the Wayback Machine

bloomberg.com

Krader, Kate (25 October 2016). "How to Start Your Own Truffle Farm". Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2019-04-10. Retrieved 10 April 2019.

books.google.com

"Culture de la truffe à Loudun et à Richelieu," Archived 2017-04-03 at the Wayback Machine Annales de la Société d'Agriculture Sciences, Arts, et Belles-lettres du Départment d'Indre-et-Loire, 10th series, 48 : 300–302 (1869); see p. 300.
Rousseau, "Truffes obtenues par la culture de chênes verts" (Truffles obtained by the cultivation of green oaks) in: Exposition universelle de 1855 : Rapports du jury mixte international, volume 1 (Paris, France: Imprimerie Impériale, 1856), pp. 173-174. Archived 2016-05-18 at the Wayback Machine
Zambonelli, Alessandra; Bonito, Gregory M., eds. (2013). Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Germany: Springer. p. 193. ISBN 978-3-64233822-9. Archived from the original on 2021-08-27. Retrieved 2020-09-05.

cbsnews.com

"Truffles: The Most Expensive Food in the World". Archived from the original on 2017-01-07. Retrieved 2017-01-06.

cpbr.gov.au

Lepp, Heino. "Spore release and dispersal". Australian National Botanic Gardens. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2016.

ctfc.cat

arxiudigital.ctfc.cat

Jaillard, B; Barry-Etienne, D; Colinas, C; de Miguel, AM; Genola, L; Libre, A; Oliach, D; Saenz, W; Saez, M; Salducci, X; Souche, G; Sourzat, P; Villeneuve, M (2014). "Alkalinity and structure of soils determine the truffle production in the Pyrenean Regions" (PDF). Forest Systems. 23 (2): 364–377. doi:10.5424/fs/2014232-04933. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-08-06. Retrieved 2016-07-27.

cybertruffle.org.uk

Trappe, J. M.; Jumpponen, A. M. & Cázares, E. (1996). "NATS truffle and truffle-like fungi 5: Tuber lyonii (=T. texense), with a key to the spiny-spored Tuber species groups". Mycotaxon. 60: 365–372. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2010-06-04.

delectations.org

Delectations Archived 2015-11-13 at the Wayback Machine. Truffle Aroma. Retrieved December 19, 2015.

dictionary.com

"truffle". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 12 March 2023.

doi.org

Læssøe, Thomas; Hansen, Karen (September 2007). "Truffle trouble: what happened to the Tuberales?". Mycological Research. 111 (9): 1075–1099. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.08.004. ISSN 0953-7562. PMID 18022534.
Trappe, Jim (2009). "Taming the truffle—the history, lore, and science of the ultimate mushroom". Gastronomica. 9 (1): 116–117. doi:10.1525/gfc.2009.9.1.116. ISSN 1529-3262.
Martin, F.; Kohler, A.; Murat, C.; Balestrini, R.; Coutinho, P.M.; Jaillon, O.; Montanini, B.; Morin, E.; Noel, B.; Percudani, R.; Porcel, B. (2010). "Périgord black truffle genome uncovers evolutionary origins and mechanisms of symbiosis". Nature. 464 (7291): 1033–1038. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1033M. doi:10.1038/nature08867. hdl:2318/100278. PMID 20348908.
Paolocci, Francesco; Rubini, Andrea; Riccioni, Claudia; Topini, Fabiana; Arcioni, Sergio (2004). "Tuber aestivum and Tuber uncinatum: two morphotypes or two species?". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 235 (1): 109–115. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09574.x. ISSN 0378-1097. PMID 15158269.
Butters, Fred K. (1903). "A Minnesota Species of Tuber". Botanical Gazette. 35 (6): 427–431. doi:10.1086/328364. JSTOR 2556357. S2CID 84500806.
Flores-Rentería, Lluvia; Lau, Matthew K.; Lamit, Louis J.; Gehring, Catherine A. (2014). "An elusive ectomycorrhizal fungus reveals itself: a new species of Geopora (Pyronemataceae) associated with Pinus edulis". Mycologia. 106 (3): 553–563. doi:10.3852/13-263. ISSN 0027-5514. PMID 24871594. S2CID 207630013.
Molina, Randy; Trappe, James M. (April 1994). "Biology of the ectomycorrhizal genus, Rhizopogon. I. Host associations, host-specificity and pure culture syntheses". New Phytologist. 126 (4): 653–675. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02961.x. ISSN 0028-646X.
Griffiths, Robert P.; Caldwell, Bruce A.; Cromack, Kermit Jr.; Morita, Richard Y. (February 1990). "Douglas-fir forest soils colonized by ectomycorrhizal mats. I. Seasonal variation in nitrogen chemistry and nitrogen cycle transformation rates". Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 20 (2): 211–218. doi:10.1139/x90-030. ISSN 0045-5067.
Kluber, Laurel A.; Tinnesand, Kathryn M.; Caldwell, Bruce A.; Dunham, Susie M.; Yarwood, Rockie R.; Bottomley, Peter J.; Myrold, David D. (2010). "Ectomycorrhizal mats alter forest soil biogeochemistry". Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 42 (9): 1607–1613. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.06.001. ISSN 0038-0717. S2CID 85720492.
Trappe, James M.; Molina, Randy; Luoma, Daniel L.; Cázares, Efren; Pilz, David; Smith, Jane E.; Castellano, Michael A.; Miller, Steven L.; Trappe, Matthew J. (2009). Diversity, ecology, and conservation of truffle fungi in forests of the Pacific Northwest. Portland, Oregon: USDA Forest Service. doi:10.2737/pnw-gtr-772. hdl:2027/umn.31951d02938269i. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Kohler, Annegre (2015). "Convergent losses of decay mechanisms and rapid turnover of symbiosis genes in mycorrhizal mutualists". Nature Genetics. 47 (4). Nature Genetics: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy: 410–5. doi:10.1038/ng.3223. hdl:1942/18722. OCLC 946824824. PMID 25706625. S2CID 20914242.
LePage, B. A.; Currah, R. S.; Stockey, R. A.; Rothwell, G. W. (1997). "Fossil ectomycorrhizae from the middle Eocene". American Journal of Botany. 84 (3): 410–412. doi:10.2307/2446014. JSTOR 2446014. PMID 21708594. S2CID 29913925.
Berbee, Mary L.; Taylor, John W. (August 1993). "Dating the evolutionary radiations of the true fungi". Canadian Journal of Botany. 71 (8): 1114–1127. doi:10.1139/b93-131. ISSN 0008-4026.
Jeandroz, S.; Murat, C.; Wang, Y.; Bonfante, P.; Le Tacon, F. (2008). "Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Tuber, the true truffles". Journal of Biogeography. 35 (5): 815–829. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01851.x. S2CID 84381208.
Bonito GM, Gryganskyi AP, Trappe JM, Vilgalys R (2010). "A global meta-analysis of Tuber ITS rDNA sequences: species diversity, host associations and long-distance dispersal". PLOS ONE. 8 (1): e52765. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...852765B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052765. PMC 3534693. PMID 23300990.
Bruns, Thomas D.; Fogel, Robert; White, Thomas J.; Palmer, Jeffrey D. (1989). "Accelerated evolution of a false-truffle from a mushroom ancestor" (PDF). Nature. 339 (6220): 140–142. Bibcode:1989Natur.339..140B. doi:10.1038/339140a0. hdl:2027.42/62545. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 2716834. S2CID 4312286. Archived from the original on 2021-08-27. Retrieved 2019-09-01.
Hibbett, David S. (2007). "After the gold rush, or before the flood? Evolutionary morphology of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) in the early 21st century". Mycological Research. 111 (9): 1001–1018. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.01.012. ISSN 0953-7562. PMID 17964768.
Albee-Scott, Steven (2007). "The phylogenetic placement of the Leucogastrales, including Mycolevis siccigleba (Cribbeaceae), in the Albatrellaceae, using morphological and molecular data". Mycological Research. 111 (6): 653–662. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.020. ISSN 0953-7562. PMID 17604150.
Allen, M.F.; Swenson, W.; Querejeta, J.I.; Egerton-Warburton, L.M.; Treseder, K.K. (2003). "Ecology of ycorrhizae: A conceptual framework for complex interactions among plants and fungi". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 41 (1): 271–303. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095518. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 12730396.
Jaillard, B; Barry-Etienne, D; Colinas, C; de Miguel, AM; Genola, L; Libre, A; Oliach, D; Saenz, W; Saez, M; Salducci, X; Souche, G; Sourzat, P; Villeneuve, M (2014). "Alkalinity and structure of soils determine the truffle production in the Pyrenean Regions" (PDF). Forest Systems. 23 (2): 364–377. doi:10.5424/fs/2014232-04933. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-08-06. Retrieved 2016-07-27.
Chevalier, Gérard; Sourzat, Pierre (2012), "Soils and Techniques for Cultivating Tuber melanosporum and Tuber aestivum in Europe", Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms, Soil Biology, vol. 34, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 163–189, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33823-6_10, ISBN 9783642338229
Tedersoo, Leho; Arnold, A. Elizabeth; Hansen, Karen (2013). "Novel aspects in the life cycle and biotrophic interactions in Pezizomycetes (Ascomycota, Fungi)". Molecular Ecology. 22 (6): 1488–1493. Bibcode:2013MolEc..22.1488T. doi:10.1111/mec.12224. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 23599958. S2CID 45317735.
Ashkannejhad, Sara; Horton, Thomas R. (2005). "Ectomycorrhizal ecology under primary succession on coastal sand dunes: interactions involving Pinus contorta, suilloid fungi and deer". New Phytologist. 169 (2): 345–354. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01593.x. ISSN 0028-646X. PMID 16411937.
Cromack, Kermit; Fichter, B.L.; Moldenke, A.M.; Entry, J.A.; Ingham, E.R. (1988). "Interactions between soil animals and ectomycorrhizal fungal mats". Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 24 (1–3): 161–168. doi:10.1016/0167-8809(88)90063-1. ISSN 0167-8809.
Reddy, M. S.; Satyanarayana, T. (2006). "Interactions between ectomycorrhizal fungi and rhizospheric microbes". Microbial Activity in the Rhizoshere. Soil Biology. Vol. 7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 245–263. doi:10.1007/3-540-29420-1_13. ISBN 3-540-29182-2.
Hartnett, David C.; Wilson, Gail W. T. (1999). "Mycorrhizae influence plant community structure and diversity in tallgrass prairie". Ecology. 80 (4): 1187. doi:10.2307/177066. ISSN 0012-9658. JSTOR 177066.
Haskins, Kristin E.; Gehring, Catherine A. (2005). "Evidence for mutualist limitation: the impacts of conspecific density on the mycorrhizal inoculum potential of woodland soils". Oecologia. 145 (1): 123–131. Bibcode:2005Oecol.145..123H. doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0115-3. ISSN 0029-8549. PMID 15891858. S2CID 3102834.
Lehto, Tarja; Zwiazek, Janusz J. (2010). "Ectomycorrhizas and water relations of trees: a review". Mycorrhiza. 21 (2): 71–90. doi:10.1007/s00572-010-0348-9. ISSN 0940-6360. PMID 21140277. S2CID 20983637.
Gehring, Catherine A.; Sthultz, Christopher M.; Flores-Rentería, Lluvia; Whipple, Amy V.; Whitham, Thomas G. (2017). "Tree genetics defines fungal partner communities that may confer drought tolerance". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (42): 11169–11174. Bibcode:2017PNAS..11411169G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1704022114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5651740. PMID 28973879.
Ogle, Kiona; Whitham, Thomas G.; Cobb, Neil S. (2000). "Tree-ring variation in pinyon predicts likelihood of death following severe drought". Ecology. 81 (11): 3237. doi:10.2307/177414. ISSN 0012-9658. JSTOR 177414.
Talou, T.; G aset, A.; Delmas, M.; Kulifaj, M.; Montant, C. (1990). "Dimethyl sulphide: the secret for black truffle hunting by animals?". Mycological Research. 94 (2): 277–278. doi:10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80630-8. ISSN 0953-7562.
Splivallo, R; Ebeler, SE (Mar 2015). "Sulfur volatiles of microbial origin are key contributors to human-sensed truffle aroma". Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 99 (6): 2583–92. doi:10.1007/s00253-014-6360-9. PMID 2557347. S2CID 16749990.
Splivallo, R; Deveau, A; Valdez, N; Kirchhoff, N; Frey-Klett, P; Karlovsky, P (Aug 2015). "Bacteria associated with truffle-fruiting bodies contribute to truffle aroma". Environ Microbiol. 17 (8): 2647–60. Bibcode:2015EnvMi..17.2647S. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12521. PMID 24903279.
Splivallo, R; et al. (2010). "Truffle Volatiles: from chemical ecology to aroma biosynthesis". New Phytologist. 198 (3): 688–699. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03523.x. PMID 21287717.
Zambonelli, Alessandra; Bonito, Gregory M. (2013-01-30). "Laying the Foundations". Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects (PDF). Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 3–16. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33823-6. ISBN 978-3-642-33823-6. S2CID 25454181.
Van Vleet, Eric (2018). Truffles Have Never Been Modern: An Actor-Network Theorization of 150 Years of French Trufficulture (Thesis). Florida International University. doi:10.25148/etd.fidc006559.
Bungten, Ulf; Egli, Simon; Schneider, Loic; Von Arx, Georg; Rigling, Andreas; Camarero, Julio; Sangüesa, Gabriel; Fischer, Christine; Oliach, Daniel; Bonet, Jose-Antonio; Colinas, Carlos; Tegel, Willy; Ruiz, Jose; Martinez, Fernando (2015). "Long-term irrigation effects on Spanish holm oak growth and its black truffle symbiont" (PDF). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 202: 148–159. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2014.12.016. hdl:10261/113281. Archived from the original on 2021-08-27. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
Olivera, Antoni; Fischer, Christine; Bonet, Jose-Antonio; Martinez de Aragon, Juan; Oliach, Daniel; Colinas, Carlos (2011). "Weed management and irrigation are key treatments in emerging black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) cultivation". New Forests. 42 (2): 227–239. doi:10.1007/s11056-011-9249-9. S2CID 11586599.

eater.com

Bamman, Mattie John (Jun 8, 2017). "Why Haven't American Truffles Taken Root Yet?". Eater. Archived from the original on August 19, 2018. Retrieved August 18, 2018.

etymonline.com

"truffle". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 12 March 2023.

foodscross.com

"History and curiosities of the truffle – FoodsCross". October 2015. Retrieved 2022-08-18.

gencat.cat

cpf.gencat.cat

Oliach, Daniel; Muxi, Pere (2012). "Estudi tècnic i econòmic del cultiu de la tòfona (in catalan)" (PDF). Silvicultura. 66: 8–10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2016-07-27.

greenevillesun.com

Jones, John M. Jr. (Mar 19, 2016). "Truffles Have Taken Tom Michaels On A Wild Ride". The Greeneville Sun. Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2018.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Martin, F.; Kohler, A.; Murat, C.; Balestrini, R.; Coutinho, P.M.; Jaillon, O.; Montanini, B.; Morin, E.; Noel, B.; Percudani, R.; Porcel, B. (2010). "Périgord black truffle genome uncovers evolutionary origins and mechanisms of symbiosis". Nature. 464 (7291): 1033–1038. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1033M. doi:10.1038/nature08867. hdl:2318/100278. PMID 20348908.
Trappe, James M.; Molina, Randy; Luoma, Daniel L.; Cázares, Efren; Pilz, David; Smith, Jane E.; Castellano, Michael A.; Miller, Steven L.; Trappe, Matthew J. (2009). Diversity, ecology, and conservation of truffle fungi in forests of the Pacific Northwest. Portland, Oregon: USDA Forest Service. doi:10.2737/pnw-gtr-772. hdl:2027/umn.31951d02938269i. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
Kohler, Annegre (2015). "Convergent losses of decay mechanisms and rapid turnover of symbiosis genes in mycorrhizal mutualists". Nature Genetics. 47 (4). Nature Genetics: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy: 410–5. doi:10.1038/ng.3223. hdl:1942/18722. OCLC 946824824. PMID 25706625. S2CID 20914242.
Bruns, Thomas D.; Fogel, Robert; White, Thomas J.; Palmer, Jeffrey D. (1989). "Accelerated evolution of a false-truffle from a mushroom ancestor" (PDF). Nature. 339 (6220): 140–142. Bibcode:1989Natur.339..140B. doi:10.1038/339140a0. hdl:2027.42/62545. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 2716834. S2CID 4312286. Archived from the original on 2021-08-27. Retrieved 2019-09-01.
Bungten, Ulf; Egli, Simon; Schneider, Loic; Von Arx, Georg; Rigling, Andreas; Camarero, Julio; Sangüesa, Gabriel; Fischer, Christine; Oliach, Daniel; Bonet, Jose-Antonio; Colinas, Carlos; Tegel, Willy; Ruiz, Jose; Martinez, Fernando (2015). "Long-term irrigation effects on Spanish holm oak growth and its black truffle symbiont" (PDF). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 202: 148–159. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2014.12.016. hdl:10261/113281. Archived from the original on 2021-08-27. Retrieved 2019-09-24.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Martin, F.; Kohler, A.; Murat, C.; Balestrini, R.; Coutinho, P.M.; Jaillon, O.; Montanini, B.; Morin, E.; Noel, B.; Percudani, R.; Porcel, B. (2010). "Périgord black truffle genome uncovers evolutionary origins and mechanisms of symbiosis". Nature. 464 (7291): 1033–1038. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1033M. doi:10.1038/nature08867. hdl:2318/100278. PMID 20348908.
Bonito GM, Gryganskyi AP, Trappe JM, Vilgalys R (2010). "A global meta-analysis of Tuber ITS rDNA sequences: species diversity, host associations and long-distance dispersal". PLOS ONE. 8 (1): e52765. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...852765B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052765. PMC 3534693. PMID 23300990.
Bruns, Thomas D.; Fogel, Robert; White, Thomas J.; Palmer, Jeffrey D. (1989). "Accelerated evolution of a false-truffle from a mushroom ancestor" (PDF). Nature. 339 (6220): 140–142. Bibcode:1989Natur.339..140B. doi:10.1038/339140a0. hdl:2027.42/62545. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 2716834. S2CID 4312286. Archived from the original on 2021-08-27. Retrieved 2019-09-01.
Tedersoo, Leho; Arnold, A. Elizabeth; Hansen, Karen (2013). "Novel aspects in the life cycle and biotrophic interactions in Pezizomycetes (Ascomycota, Fungi)". Molecular Ecology. 22 (6): 1488–1493. Bibcode:2013MolEc..22.1488T. doi:10.1111/mec.12224. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 23599958. S2CID 45317735.
Haskins, Kristin E.; Gehring, Catherine A. (2005). "Evidence for mutualist limitation: the impacts of conspecific density on the mycorrhizal inoculum potential of woodland soils". Oecologia. 145 (1): 123–131. Bibcode:2005Oecol.145..123H. doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0115-3. ISSN 0029-8549. PMID 15891858. S2CID 3102834.
Gehring, Catherine A.; Sthultz, Christopher M.; Flores-Rentería, Lluvia; Whipple, Amy V.; Whitham, Thomas G. (2017). "Tree genetics defines fungal partner communities that may confer drought tolerance". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (42): 11169–11174. Bibcode:2017PNAS..11411169G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1704022114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5651740. PMID 28973879.
Splivallo, R; Deveau, A; Valdez, N; Kirchhoff, N; Frey-Klett, P; Karlovsky, P (Aug 2015). "Bacteria associated with truffle-fruiting bodies contribute to truffle aroma". Environ Microbiol. 17 (8): 2647–60. Bibcode:2015EnvMi..17.2647S. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12521. PMID 24903279.

huh.harvard.edu

Hansen, Karen (2006). "Basidiomycota truffles: Cup fungi go underground" (PDF). Newsletter of the FRIENDS of the FARLOW. Harvard University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2008-05-17. Generally, truffles seems to prefer warm, fairly dry climates and calcareous soils

iard.org

"Beverage Alcohol Labeling Requirements". International Alliance for Responsible Drinking. Archived from the original on 2018-12-05. Retrieved 2018-12-04.

jstor.org

Butters, Fred K. (1903). "A Minnesota Species of Tuber". Botanical Gazette. 35 (6): 427–431. doi:10.1086/328364. JSTOR 2556357. S2CID 84500806.
LePage, B. A.; Currah, R. S.; Stockey, R. A.; Rothwell, G. W. (1997). "Fossil ectomycorrhizae from the middle Eocene". American Journal of Botany. 84 (3): 410–412. doi:10.2307/2446014. JSTOR 2446014. PMID 21708594. S2CID 29913925.
Hartnett, David C.; Wilson, Gail W. T. (1999). "Mycorrhizae influence plant community structure and diversity in tallgrass prairie". Ecology. 80 (4): 1187. doi:10.2307/177066. ISSN 0012-9658. JSTOR 177066.
Ogle, Kiona; Whitham, Thomas G.; Cobb, Neil S. (2000). "Tree-ring variation in pinyon predicts likelihood of death following severe drought". Ecology. 81 (11): 3237. doi:10.2307/177414. ISSN 0012-9658. JSTOR 177414.

knowyourforest.org

"Oregon Native Truffles: A primer for commercial production on small forestlands in the Pacific Northwest". Know Your Forest. Accessed 8 October 2023.

lifeinitaly.com

Demetri, Justin (2012). "White truffles from Alba". Life in Italy. Lifeinitaly.com. Archived from the original on 2009-10-16. Retrieved 2012-06-16.

merriam-webster.com

"truffle". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 12 March 2023.

mycorrhizalsystems.com

"Truffle vodka article". Mycorrhizalsystems.com. 2010-04-21. Archived from the original on 2013-11-04. Retrieved 2012-06-16.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Læssøe, Thomas; Hansen, Karen (September 2007). "Truffle trouble: what happened to the Tuberales?". Mycological Research. 111 (9): 1075–1099. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.08.004. ISSN 0953-7562. PMID 18022534.
Martin, F.; Kohler, A.; Murat, C.; Balestrini, R.; Coutinho, P.M.; Jaillon, O.; Montanini, B.; Morin, E.; Noel, B.; Percudani, R.; Porcel, B. (2010). "Périgord black truffle genome uncovers evolutionary origins and mechanisms of symbiosis". Nature. 464 (7291): 1033–1038. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1033M. doi:10.1038/nature08867. hdl:2318/100278. PMID 20348908.
Paolocci, Francesco; Rubini, Andrea; Riccioni, Claudia; Topini, Fabiana; Arcioni, Sergio (2004). "Tuber aestivum and Tuber uncinatum: two morphotypes or two species?". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 235 (1): 109–115. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09574.x. ISSN 0378-1097. PMID 15158269.
Flores-Rentería, Lluvia; Lau, Matthew K.; Lamit, Louis J.; Gehring, Catherine A. (2014). "An elusive ectomycorrhizal fungus reveals itself: a new species of Geopora (Pyronemataceae) associated with Pinus edulis". Mycologia. 106 (3): 553–563. doi:10.3852/13-263. ISSN 0027-5514. PMID 24871594. S2CID 207630013.
Kohler, Annegre (2015). "Convergent losses of decay mechanisms and rapid turnover of symbiosis genes in mycorrhizal mutualists". Nature Genetics. 47 (4). Nature Genetics: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy: 410–5. doi:10.1038/ng.3223. hdl:1942/18722. OCLC 946824824. PMID 25706625. S2CID 20914242.
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