Turkish language (English Wikipedia)

Johanson, Lars (2021), Turkic, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781009038218, archived from the original on 2023-01-15, retrieved 2021-09-07, Turkish is the largest and most vigorous Turkic language, spoken by over 80 million people, a third of the total number of Turkic-speakers... Turkish is a recognized regional minority language in North Macedonia, Kosovo, Romania, and Iraq.
Balci, Bayram (2018). Islam in Central Asia and the Caucasus Since the Fall of the Soviet Union. Oxford University Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-19-005030-6.
Szurek, Emmanuel (2015-02-17). Aymes, Marc (ed.). Order and Compromise: Government Practices in Turkey from the Late Ottoman Empire to the Early 21st Century. Brill Publishers. p. 94. ISBN 978-90-04-28985-7. Archived from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
Shashi, Shyam Singh (1992). Encyclopaedia of Humanities and Social Sciences. Anmol Publications. p. 47. Archived from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
Celia Kerslake; Asli Goksel (11 June 2014). Turkish: An Essential Grammar. Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-134-04218-0. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2018.

brill.com (Global: 814^th place; English: 460^th place)

Baş, Melike (2022). Baş, Melike; Kraska-Szlenk, Iwona (eds.). Embodiment in Cross-Linguistic Studies The 'Eye'. Brill. pp. 70–92. Retrieved 21 April 2026.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Iraq". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-10-31. Retrieved 2017-03-25.
"Kosovo". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2016. Archived from the original on 2015-06-19. Retrieved 2017-03-25.

cal.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Aydıngün, Ayşegül; Harding, Çiğdem Balım; Hoover, Matthew; Kuznetsov, Igor; Swerdlow, Steve (2006), Meskhetian Turks: An Introduction to their History, Culture, and Resettelment Experiences (PDF), Center for Applied Linguistics, archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-14

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

"A Student Grammar of Turkish". Cambridge University Press & Assessment (in gb). Retrieved 2026-07-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

cia.gov (Global: 133^rd place; English: 275^th place)

"Official regional languages". CIA World Factbook. 2002. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2016-02-10.

cokbilgi.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Öz Türkçeleştirme Çalışmaları". Çok Bilgi. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2014.

constituteproject.org (Global: 4,115^th place; English: 3,114^th place)

"Constitution of Iraq".^{[dead link]}

cu.edu.tr (Global: low place; English: low place)

turkoloji.cu.edu.tr

Demir, Celal (2007). "Türkiye Türkçesi Gramerlerinde İsim Tamlaması Sorunu ve Bir Tasnif Denemesi" [The Problem of Adjective in Turkish: An Attempt of Classification] (PDF). Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi [Journal of Turkish World Studies] (in Turkish). 7 (1): 27–54. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-05-02. Retrieved 2013-03-29.

dailysabah.com (Global: 2,486^th place; English: 1,876^th place)

"Kosovo starts using Turkish as fifth official language in documents". Daily Sabah. 9 July 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.

degruyterbrill.com (Global: 6,220^th place; English: 3,995^th place)

Baş, Melike (2017). "The metaphoric conceptualization of emotion through heart idioms in Turkish". Cognitive Semiotics. 20 (2): 121–139. doi:10.1515/cogsem-2017-0006. Retrieved 21 April 2026.

dergipark.org.tr (Global: 1,340^th place; English: 2,278^th place)

Ali, Çiçek (2011). "TÜRKÇENİN SON YÜZYILDAKİ DEĞİŞİM SÜRECİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME". Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi: 165.

dersimizedebiyat.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Dersimiz Edebiyat Online course" (in Turkish). Dersimizedebiyat.com. Archived from the original on 2013-05-18. Retrieved 2013-03-29.

dildernegi.org.tr (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dilaçar, Agop (1977). "Atatürk ve Yazım". Türk Dili (in Turkish). 35 (307). ISSN 1301-465X. Archived from the original on 2007-02-14. Retrieved 2007-03-19.

dilimiz.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

imla.dilimiz.com

"Sesler ve ses uyumları "Sounds and Vowel harmony"" (in Turkish). Turkish Language Association. Archived from the original on 2012-07-28. Retrieved 2013-01-13.

dilimiz.com

"İmlâ Kilavuzu". Dilimiz.com. Archived from the original on 2011-10-06. Retrieved 2011-11-03.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Starostin, George (2016-04-05), "Altaic Languages", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.35, ISBN 978-0-19-938465-5, retrieved 2023-07-11
Petrova, Olga; Plapp, Rosemary; Ringen, Catherine; Szentgyörgyi, Szilárd (2006). "Voice and aspiration: Evidence from Russian, Hungarian, German, Swedish, and Turkish" (PDF). The Linguistic Review. 23 (1): 1–35. doi:10.1515/tlr.2006.001. ISSN 0167-6318. S2CID 42712078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-08.
DeLancey, Scott (1997). "Mirativity: The grammatical marking of unexpected information". Linguistic Typology. 1: 33–52. doi:10.1515/lity.1997.1.1.33. S2CID 122264213.
Baş, Melike (2017). "The metaphoric conceptualization of emotion through heart idioms in Turkish". Cognitive Semiotics. 20 (2): 121–139. doi:10.1515/cogsem-2017-0006. Retrieved 21 April 2026.

ethnologue.com (Global: 354^th place; English: 413^th place)

Turkish language at Ethnologue (28th ed., 2025)
Kurdish, Northern at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)

etimolojiturkce.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Uçak". EtimolojiTürkçe. Retrieved 21 April 2026.

eurasianet.org (Global: 3,349^th place; English: 2,755^th place)

Safarova, Durna (2017-02-28). "Azerbaijan Grapples With the Rise of Turkish Language". Eurasianet. Archived from the original on 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-08-18.

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

ec.europa.eu

European Commission (2006). "Special Eurobarometer 243: Europeans and their Languages (Survey)" (PDF). Europa. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-04-14. Retrieved 2010-02-14.

hri.org (Global: 9,480^th place; English: 9,184^th place)

"The Muslim Minority of Greek Thrace". Archived from the original on 2017-07-01.

hurriyet.com.tr (Global: 403^rd place; English: 881^st place)

"2011 Türkçe Sözlük yenileniyor" (in Turkish). Hürriyet. Archived from the original on 2022-12-06. Retrieved 2016-05-07.

ids-mannheim.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

pub.ids-mannheim.de

Deutschlandtürkisch? Archived 2019-10-29 at the Wayback Machine. Institut für Deutsche Sprache, page 3.

meforum.org (Global: 6,050^th place; English: 4,571^st place)

Güçlü, Yücel (2007). "Who Owns Kirkuk? The Turkoman Case". Middle East Quarterly: 79–86. Archived from the original on 2019-09-10. Article 1 of the declaration stipulated that no law, regulation, or official action could interfere with the rights outlined for the minorities. Although Arabic became the official language of Iraq, Kurdish became a corollary official language in Sulaimaniya, and both Kurdish and Turkish became official languages in Kirkuk and Kifri.

milliyet.com.tr (Global: 701^st place; English: 1,665^th place)

"Türkmenler, Türkçe tabelalardan memnun – Son Dakika". 24 December 2008. Archived from the original on 2020-07-09. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
"En iyi İstanbul Türkçesini kim konuşur?" [Who speaks the best Istanbul Turkish?]. Milliyet (in Turkish). 18 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2018-11-11. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

nisanyansozluk.com (Global: 8,169^th place; English: low place)

Nişanyan, Sevan. "er[mek]". Nişanyan Sözlük. Retrieved 27 April 2026.

nutuk.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bedi Yazıcı. "Nutuk: Özgün metin ve çeviri (Atatürk's Speech: original text and translation)" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-09-28.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

"As the E.U.'s Language Roster Swells, So Does the Burden", The New York Times, 4 January 2017, archived from the original on 28 October 2019, retrieved 17 March 2017

osce.org (Global: 2,863^rd place; English: 2,793^rd place)

"Municipal language compliance in Kosovo". OSCE Minsk Group. Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2019-11-30. Turkish language is currently official in Prizren and Mamuşa/Mamushë/Mamuša municipalities. In 2007 and 2008, the municipalities of Gjilan/Gnjilane, southern Mitrovicë/Mitrovica, Prishtinë/Priština and Vushtrri/Vučitrn also recognized Turkish as a language in official use.

oxfordre.com (Global: 3,785^th place; English: 2,343^rd place)

Starostin, George (2016-04-05), "Altaic Languages", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.35, ISBN 978-0-19-938465-5, retrieved 2023-07-11

scribd.com (Global: 467^th place; English: 428^th place)

Göknel, Yüksel (2012). Turkish Grammar Academic Edition. Vivatinell. pp. 123, 125, 127, 141, 159, 167, 171, 205, 416. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Petrova, Olga; Plapp, Rosemary; Ringen, Catherine; Szentgyörgyi, Szilárd (2006). "Voice and aspiration: Evidence from Russian, Hungarian, German, Swedish, and Turkish" (PDF). The Linguistic Review. 23 (1): 1–35. doi:10.1515/tlr.2006.001. ISSN 0167-6318. S2CID 42712078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-08.
DeLancey, Scott (1997). "Mirativity: The grammatical marking of unexpected information". Linguistic Typology. 1: 33–52. doi:10.1515/lity.1997.1.1.33. S2CID 122264213.

pdfs.semanticscholar.org

Petrova, Olga; Plapp, Rosemary; Ringen, Catherine; Szentgyörgyi, Szilárd (2006). "Voice and aspiration: Evidence from Russian, Hungarian, German, Swedish, and Turkish" (PDF). The Linguistic Review. 23 (1): 1–35. doi:10.1515/tlr.2006.001. ISSN 0167-6318. S2CID 42712078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-08.

srii.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Johanson, Lars (2001), Discoveries on the Turkic linguistic map (PDF), Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2007, retrieved 2007-03-18

tdk.gov.tr (Global: 9,405^th place; English: low place)

Turkish Language Association. "Türk Dil Kurumu – Tarihçe (History of the Turkish Language Association)" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on March 16, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
Akalın, Şükrü Halûk (January 2003). "Türk Dil Kurumu'nun 2002 yılı çalışmaları (Turkish Language Association progress report for 2002)" (PDF). Türk Dili (in Turkish). 85 (613). ISSN 1301-465X. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 27, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
"Güncel Türkçe Sözlük" (in Turkish). Turkish Language Association. 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-03-12. Retrieved 2007-03-21.
Türk Dil Kurumu (2005). Türkçe Sözlük (10 ed.). Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011.

turkishbasics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Turkish Consonant Mutation". turkishbasics.com. Archived from the original on 2018-05-02. Retrieved 2018-05-02.

turkishclass101.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

TurkishClass101.com (2020-10-16). "Turkish Keyboard: How to Install and Type in Turkish". TurkishClass101.com Blog. Retrieved 2026-02-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

turkishstudies.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Turkish Studies Vol 7/3" (PDF) (in Turkish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-13. Retrieved 2013-03-29.

turkofoni.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kiliçasaslan, Yılmaz. "A Typological Approach to Sentence Structure in Turkish" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-05-30. Retrieved 2017-07-28.

uta.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,309^th place)

Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan (1999). "Turkish" (PDF). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 154–158. ISBN 0-521-65236-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-25. Retrieved 2015-04-12.

uu.se (Global: 3,445^th place; English: 3,148^th place)

runiform.lingfil.uu.se

"A Database of Turkic Runiform Inscriptions". Archived from the original on 2017-03-26. Retrieved 2017-03-26.

wals.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

de Haan, Ferdinand (2013). "Coding of Evidentiality". In Matthew S. Dryer & Martin Haspelmath (ed.). WALS Online (v2020.3). Retrieved 2024-02-03.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Güçlü, Yücel (2007). "Who Owns Kirkuk? The Turkoman Case". Middle East Quarterly: 79–86. Archived from the original on 2019-09-10. Article 1 of the declaration stipulated that no law, regulation, or official action could interfere with the rights outlined for the minorities. Although Arabic became the official language of Iraq, Kurdish became a corollary official language in Sulaimaniya, and both Kurdish and Turkish became official languages in Kirkuk and Kifri.
Johanson, Lars (2021), Turkic, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781009038218, archived from the original on 2023-01-15, retrieved 2021-09-07, Turkish is the largest and most vigorous Turkic language, spoken by over 80 million people, a third of the total number of Turkic-speakers... Turkish is a recognized regional minority language in North Macedonia, Kosovo, Romania, and Iraq.
"Türkmenler, Türkçe tabelalardan memnun – Son Dakika". 24 December 2008. Archived from the original on 2020-07-09. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
"Municipal language compliance in Kosovo". OSCE Minsk Group. Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2019-11-30. Turkish language is currently official in Prizren and Mamuşa/Mamushë/Mamuša municipalities. In 2007 and 2008, the municipalities of Gjilan/Gnjilane, southern Mitrovicë/Mitrovica, Prishtinë/Priština and Vushtrri/Vučitrn also recognized Turkish as a language in official use.
"Languages spoken in Macedonia – North Macedonia". Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Turkish is co-official in Centar Zupa and Plasnica
"The Muslim Minority of Greek Thrace". Archived from the original on 2017-07-01.
"A Database of Turkic Runiform Inscriptions". Archived from the original on 2017-03-26. Retrieved 2017-03-26.
Turkish Language Association. "Türk Dil Kurumu – Tarihçe (History of the Turkish Language Association)" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on March 16, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
Szurek, Emmanuel (2015-02-17). Aymes, Marc (ed.). Order and Compromise: Government Practices in Turkey from the Late Ottoman Empire to the Early 21st Century. Brill Publishers. p. 94. ISBN 978-90-04-28985-7. Archived from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
Bedi Yazıcı. "Nutuk: Özgün metin ve çeviri (Atatürk's Speech: original text and translation)" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-09-28.
"Öz Türkçeleştirme Çalışmaları". Çok Bilgi. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
"Iraq". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-10-31. Retrieved 2017-03-25.
Deutschlandtürkisch? Archived 2019-10-29 at the Wayback Machine. Institut für Deutsche Sprache, page 3.
European Commission (2006). "Special Eurobarometer 243: Europeans and their Languages (Survey)" (PDF). Europa. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-04-14. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
Safarova, Durna (2017-02-28). "Azerbaijan Grapples With the Rise of Turkish Language". Eurasianet. Archived from the original on 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-08-18.
"Kosovo". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2016. Archived from the original on 2015-06-19. Retrieved 2017-03-25.
"Kosovo starts using Turkish as fifth official language in documents". Daily Sabah. 9 July 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
"Official regional languages". CIA World Factbook. 2002. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
"As the E.U.'s Language Roster Swells, So Does the Burden", The New York Times, 4 January 2017, archived from the original on 28 October 2019, retrieved 17 March 2017
"En iyi İstanbul Türkçesini kim konuşur?" [Who speaks the best Istanbul Turkish?]. Milliyet (in Turkish). 18 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2018-11-11. Retrieved 2017-12-30.
Johanson, Lars (2001), Discoveries on the Turkic linguistic map (PDF), Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2007, retrieved 2007-03-18
Akalın, Şükrü Halûk (January 2003). "Türk Dil Kurumu'nun 2002 yılı çalışmaları (Turkish Language Association progress report for 2002)" (PDF). Türk Dili (in Turkish). 85 (613). ISSN 1301-465X. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 27, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
Shashi, Shyam Singh (1992). Encyclopaedia of Humanities and Social Sciences. Anmol Publications. p. 47. Archived from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
Aydıngün, Ayşegül; Harding, Çiğdem Balım; Hoover, Matthew; Kuznetsov, Igor; Swerdlow, Steve (2006), Meskhetian Turks: An Introduction to their History, Culture, and Resettelment Experiences (PDF), Center for Applied Linguistics, archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-14
Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan (1999). "Turkish" (PDF). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 154–158. ISBN 0-521-65236-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-25. Retrieved 2015-04-12.
"Sesler ve ses uyumları "Sounds and Vowel harmony"" (in Turkish). Turkish Language Association. Archived from the original on 2012-07-28. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
"Turkish Consonant Mutation". turkishbasics.com. Archived from the original on 2018-05-02. Retrieved 2018-05-02.
Petrova, Olga; Plapp, Rosemary; Ringen, Catherine; Szentgyörgyi, Szilárd (2006). "Voice and aspiration: Evidence from Russian, Hungarian, German, Swedish, and Turkish" (PDF). The Linguistic Review. 23 (1): 1–35. doi:10.1515/tlr.2006.001. ISSN 0167-6318. S2CID 42712078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-08.
Husby, Olaf. "Diagnostic use of nonword repetition for detection of language impairment among Turkish speaking minority children in Norway". Working Papers Department of Language and Communication Studies NTNV. 3/2006: 139–149. Archived from the original on 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2017-07-28 – via Academia.edu.
Kiliçasaslan, Yılmaz. "A Typological Approach to Sentence Structure in Turkish" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-05-30. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
"İmlâ Kilavuzu". Dilimiz.com. Archived from the original on 2011-10-06. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
Demir, Celal (2007). "Türkiye Türkçesi Gramerlerinde İsim Tamlaması Sorunu ve Bir Tasnif Denemesi" [The Problem of Adjective in Turkish: An Attempt of Classification] (PDF). Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi [Journal of Turkish World Studies] (in Turkish). 7 (1): 27–54. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-05-02. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
Göknel, Yüksel (2012). Turkish Grammar Academic Edition. Vivatinell. pp. 123, 125, 127, 141, 159, 167, 171, 205, 416. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013.
"Turkish Studies Vol 7/3" (PDF) (in Turkish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-13. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
"Dersimiz Edebiyat Online course" (in Turkish). Dersimizedebiyat.com. Archived from the original on 2013-05-18. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
"2011 Türkçe Sözlük yenileniyor" (in Turkish). Hürriyet. Archived from the original on 2022-12-06. Retrieved 2016-05-07.
"Güncel Türkçe Sözlük" (in Turkish). Turkish Language Association. 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-03-12. Retrieved 2007-03-21.
Türk Dil Kurumu (2005). Türkçe Sözlük (10 ed.). Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011.
Dilaçar, Agop (1977). "Atatürk ve Yazım". Türk Dili (in Turkish). 35 (307). ISSN 1301-465X. Archived from the original on 2007-02-14. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
Celia Kerslake; Asli Goksel (11 June 2014). Turkish: An Essential Grammar. Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-134-04218-0. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2018.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Akalın, Şükrü Halûk (January 2003). "Türk Dil Kurumu'nun 2002 yılı çalışmaları (Turkish Language Association progress report for 2002)" (PDF). Türk Dili (in Turkish). 85 (613). ISSN 1301-465X. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 27, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
Petrova, Olga; Plapp, Rosemary; Ringen, Catherine; Szentgyörgyi, Szilárd (2006). "Voice and aspiration: Evidence from Russian, Hungarian, German, Swedish, and Turkish" (PDF). The Linguistic Review. 23 (1): 1–35. doi:10.1515/tlr.2006.001. ISSN 0167-6318. S2CID 42712078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-08.
Dilaçar, Agop (1977). "Atatürk ve Yazım". Türk Dili (in Turkish). 35 (307). ISSN 1301-465X. Archived from the original on 2007-02-14. Retrieved 2007-03-19.

Turkish language (English Wikipedia)

academia.edu (Global: 105th place; English: 99th place)

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cu.edu.tr (Global: low place; English: low place)

turkoloji.cu.edu.tr

dailysabah.com (Global: 2,486th place; English: 1,876th place)

degruyterbrill.com (Global: 6,220th place; English: 3,995th place)

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dersimizedebiyat.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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dilimiz.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

imla.dilimiz.com

dilimiz.com

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

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ec.europa.eu

hri.org (Global: 9,480th place; English: 9,184th place)

hurriyet.com.tr (Global: 403rd place; English: 881st place)

ids-mannheim.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

pub.ids-mannheim.de

meforum.org (Global: 6,050th place; English: 4,571st place)

milliyet.com.tr (Global: 701st place; English: 1,665th place)

nisanyansozluk.com (Global: 8,169th place; English: low place)

nutuk.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

osce.org (Global: 2,863rd place; English: 2,793rd place)

oxfordre.com (Global: 3,785th place; English: 2,343rd place)

scribd.com (Global: 467th place; English: 428th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

pdfs.semanticscholar.org

srii.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

tdk.gov.tr (Global: 9,405th place; English: low place)

turkishbasics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

turkishclass101.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

turkishstudies.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

turkofoni.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

uta.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,309th place)

uu.se (Global: 3,445th place; English: 3,148th place)

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books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

brill.com (Global: 814^th place; English: 460^th place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

cia.gov (Global: 133^rd place; English: 275^th place)

constituteproject.org (Global: 4,115^th place; English: 3,114^th place)

dailysabah.com (Global: 2,486^th place; English: 1,876^th place)

degruyterbrill.com (Global: 6,220^th place; English: 3,995^th place)

dergipark.org.tr (Global: 1,340^th place; English: 2,278^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

ethnologue.com (Global: 354^th place; English: 413^th place)

eurasianet.org (Global: 3,349^th place; English: 2,755^th place)

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

hri.org (Global: 9,480^th place; English: 9,184^th place)

hurriyet.com.tr (Global: 403^rd place; English: 881^st place)

meforum.org (Global: 6,050^th place; English: 4,571^st place)

milliyet.com.tr (Global: 701^st place; English: 1,665^th place)

nisanyansozluk.com (Global: 8,169^th place; English: low place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

osce.org (Global: 2,863^rd place; English: 2,793^rd place)

oxfordre.com (Global: 3,785^th place; English: 2,343^rd place)

scribd.com (Global: 467^th place; English: 428^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

tdk.gov.tr (Global: 9,405^th place; English: low place)

uta.edu (Global: low place; English: 6,309^th place)

uu.se (Global: 3,445^th place; English: 3,148^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)