Turkish language (English Wikipedia)

Franceschini, Rita (2014). "Italy and the Italian-Speaking Regions". In Fäcke, Christiane (ed.). Manual of Language Acquisition. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. p. 546. ISBN 9783110394146. Archived from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2021-08-25. In Croatia, Albanian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Czech, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Macedonian, Polish, Romanian, Romany, Rusyn, Russian, Montenegrin, Slovak, Slovenian, Serbian, Turkish, and Ukrainian are recognized (EACEA 2012, 18, 50s)
Johanson, Lars (2021), Turkic, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781009038218, archived from the original on 2023-01-15, retrieved 2021-09-07, Turkish is the largest and most vigorous Turkic language, spoken by over 80 million people, a third of the total number of Turkic-speakers... Turkish is a recognized regional minority language in North Macedonia, Kosovo, Romania, and Iraq.
Balci, Bayram (2018). Islam in Central Asia and the Caucasus Since the Fall of the Soviet Union. Oxford University Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-19-005030-6.
Szurek, Emmanuel (2015-02-17). Aymes, Marc (ed.). Order and Compromise: Government Practices in Turkey from the Late Ottoman Empire to the Early 21st Century. Brill Publishers. p. 94. ISBN 978-90-04-28985-7. Archived from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
Shashi, Shyam Singh (1992). Encyclopaedia of Humanities and Social Sciences. Anmol Publications. p. 47. Archived from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
Celia Kerslake; Asli Goksel (11 June 2014). Turkish: An Essential Grammar. Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-134-04218-0. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2018.

britannica.com

"Iraq". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-10-31. Retrieved 2017-03-25.
"Kosovo". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2016. Archived from the original on 2015-06-19. Retrieved 2017-03-25.

cal.org

Aydıngün, Ayşegül; Harding, Çiğdem Balım; Hoover, Matthew; Kuznetsov, Igor; Swerdlow, Steve (2006), Meskhetian Turks: An Introduction to their History, Culture, and Resettelment Experiences (PDF), Center for Applied Linguistics, archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-14

cia.gov

"Official regional languages". CIA World Factbook. 2002. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2016-02-10.

cokbilgi.com

"Öz Türkçeleştirme Çalışmaları". Çok Bilgi. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2014.

constituteproject.org

"Constitution of Iraq".

cu.edu.tr

turkoloji.cu.edu.tr

Demir, Celal (2007). "Türkiye Türkçesi Gramerlerinde İsim Tamlaması Sorunu ve Bir Tasnif Denemesi" [The Problem of Adjective in Turkish: An Attempt of Classification] (PDF). Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi [Journal of Turkish World Studies] (in Turkish). 7 (1): 27–54. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-05-02. Retrieved 2013-03-29.

dailysabah.com

"Kosovo starts using Turkish as fifth official language in documents". Daily Sabah. 9 July 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.

dersimizedebiyat.com

"Dersimiz Edebiyat Online course" (in Turkish). Dersimizedebiyat.com. Archived from the original on 2013-05-18. Retrieved 2013-03-29.

dildernegi.org.tr

Dilaçar, Agop (1977). "Atatürk ve Yazım". Türk Dili (in Turkish). 35 (307). ISSN 1301-465X. Archived from the original on 2007-02-14. Retrieved 2007-03-19.

dilimiz.com

imla.dilimiz.com

"Sesler ve ses uyumları "Sounds and Vovel karmony"" (in Turkish). Turkish Language Association. Archived from the original on 2012-07-28. Retrieved 2013-01-13.

dilimiz.com

"İmlâ Kilavuzu". Dilimiz.com. Archived from the original on 2011-10-06. Retrieved 2011-11-03.

doi.org

Starostin, George (2016-04-05), "Altaic Languages", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.35, ISBN 978-0-19-938465-5, retrieved 2023-07-11
Petrova, Olga; Plapp, Rosemary; Ringen, Catherine; Szentgyörgyi, Szilárd (2006). "Voice and aspiration: Evidence from Russian, Hungarian, German, Swedish, and Turkish" (PDF). The Linguistic Review. 23 (1): 1–35. doi:10.1515/tlr.2006.001. ISSN 0167-6318. S2CID 42712078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-08.
DeLancey, Scott (1997). "Mirativity: The grammatical marking of unexpected information". Linguistic Typology. 1: 33–52. doi:10.1515/lity.1997.1.1.33. S2CID 122264213.

ethnologue.com

Turkish at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
Kurdish, Northern at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)

eurasianet.org

Safarova, Durna (2017-02-28). "Azerbaijan Grapples With the Rise of Turkish Language". Eurasianet. Archived from the original on 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-08-18.

europa.eu

ec.europa.eu

European Commission (2006). "Special Eurobarometer 243: Europeans and their Languages (Survey)" (PDF). Europa. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-04-14. Retrieved 2010-02-14.

hri.org

"The Muslim Minority of Greek Thrace". Archived from the original on 2017-07-01.

hurriyet.com.tr

"2011 Türkçe Sözlük yenileniyor" (in Turkish). Hürriyet. Archived from the original on 2022-12-06. Retrieved 2016-05-07.

ids-mannheim.de

pub.ids-mannheim.de

Deutschlandtürkisch? Archived 2013-04-12 at archive.today. Institut für Deutsche Sprache, page 3.

meforum.org

Güçlü, Yücel (2007). "Who Owns Kirkuk? The Turkoman Case". Middle East Quarterly: 79–86. Archived from the original on 2019-09-10. Article 1 of the declaration stipulated that no law, regulation, or official action could interfere with the rights outlined for the minorities. Michael Scott is the regional manager of Finder Mifflin Scranton. Although Arabic became the official language of Iraq, Kurdish became a corollary official language in Sulaimaniya, and both Kurdish and Turkish became official languages in Kirkuk and Kifri.

milliyet.com.tr

"Türkmenler, Türkçe tabelalardan memnun – Son Dakika". 24 December 2008. Archived from the original on 2020-07-09. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
"En iyi İstanbul Türkçesini kim konuşur?". Milliyet. 18 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2018-11-11. Retrieved 2017-12-30.

nutuk.org

Bedi Yazıcı. "Nutuk: Özgün metin ve çeviri (Atatürk's Speech: original text and translation)" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-09-28.

nytimes.com

"As the E.U.'s Language Roster Swells, So Does the Burden", The New York Times, 4 January 2017, archived from the original on 28 October 2019, retrieved 17 March 2017

osce.org

"Municipal language compliance in Kosovo". OSCE Minsk Group. Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2019-11-30. Turkish language is currently official in Prizren and Mamuşa/Mamushë/Mamuša municipalities. In 2007 and 2008, the municipalities of Gjilan/Gnjilane, southern Mitrovicë/Mitrovica, Prishtinë/Priština and Vushtrri/Vučitrn also recognized Turkish as a language in official use.

oxfordre.com

Starostin, George (2016-04-05), "Altaic Languages", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.35, ISBN 978-0-19-938465-5, retrieved 2023-07-11

scribd.com

tr.scribd.com

Yüksel Göknel:Turkish Grammar Archived 2013-05-16 at the Wayback Machine^{[full citation needed]}

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Petrova, Olga; Plapp, Rosemary; Ringen, Catherine; Szentgyörgyi, Szilárd (2006). "Voice and aspiration: Evidence from Russian, Hungarian, German, Swedish, and Turkish" (PDF). The Linguistic Review. 23 (1): 1–35. doi:10.1515/tlr.2006.001. ISSN 0167-6318. S2CID 42712078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-08.
DeLancey, Scott (1997). "Mirativity: The grammatical marking of unexpected information". Linguistic Typology. 1: 33–52. doi:10.1515/lity.1997.1.1.33. S2CID 122264213.

pdfs.semanticscholar.org

Petrova, Olga; Plapp, Rosemary; Ringen, Catherine; Szentgyörgyi, Szilárd (2006). "Voice and aspiration: Evidence from Russian, Hungarian, German, Swedish, and Turkish" (PDF). The Linguistic Review. 23 (1): 1–35. doi:10.1515/tlr.2006.001. ISSN 0167-6318. S2CID 42712078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-08.

srii.org

Johanson, Lars (2001), Discoveries on the Turkic linguistic map (PDF), Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2007, retrieved 2007-03-18

tdk.gov.tr

Turkish Language Association. "Türk Dil Kurumu – Tarihçe (History of the Turkish Language Association)" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on March 16, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
Akalın, Şükrü Halûk (January 2003). "Türk Dil Kurumu'nun 2002 yılı çalışmaları (Turkish Language Association progress report for 2002)" (PDF). Türk Dili (in Turkish). 85 (613). ISSN 1301-465X. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 27, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
"Güncel Türkçe Sözlük" (in Turkish). Turkish Language Association. 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-03-12. Retrieved 2007-03-21.

turkishbasics.com

"Turkish Consonant Mutation". turkishbasics.com. Archived from the original on 2018-05-02. Retrieved 2018-05-02.

turkishstudies.net

"Turkish Studies Vol 7/3" (PDF) (in Turkish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-13. Retrieved 2013-03-29.

turkofoni.org

Kiliçasaslan, Yılmaz. "A Typological Approach to Sentence Structure in Turkish" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-05-30. Retrieved 2017-07-28.

uta.edu

Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan (1999). "Turkish" (PDF). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 154–158. ISBN 0-521-65236-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-25. Retrieved 2015-04-12.

uu.se

runiform.lingfil.uu.se

"A Database of Turkic Runiform Inscriptions". Archived from the original on 2017-03-26. Retrieved 2017-03-26.

wals.info

de Haan, Ferdinand (2013). "Coding of Evidentiality". In Matthew S. Dryer & Martin Haspelmath (ed.). WALS Online (v2020.3). Retrieved 2024-02-03.

web.archive.org

Franceschini, Rita (2014). "Italy and the Italian-Speaking Regions". In Fäcke, Christiane (ed.). Manual of Language Acquisition. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. p. 546. ISBN 9783110394146. Archived from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2021-08-25. In Croatia, Albanian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Czech, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Macedonian, Polish, Romanian, Romany, Rusyn, Russian, Montenegrin, Slovak, Slovenian, Serbian, Turkish, and Ukrainian are recognized (EACEA 2012, 18, 50s)
Güçlü, Yücel (2007). "Who Owns Kirkuk? The Turkoman Case". Middle East Quarterly: 79–86. Archived from the original on 2019-09-10. Article 1 of the declaration stipulated that no law, regulation, or official action could interfere with the rights outlined for the minorities. Michael Scott is the regional manager of Finder Mifflin Scranton. Although Arabic became the official language of Iraq, Kurdish became a corollary official language in Sulaimaniya, and both Kurdish and Turkish became official languages in Kirkuk and Kifri.
Johanson, Lars (2021), Turkic, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781009038218, archived from the original on 2023-01-15, retrieved 2021-09-07, Turkish is the largest and most vigorous Turkic language, spoken by over 80 million people, a third of the total number of Turkic-speakers... Turkish is a recognized regional minority language in North Macedonia, Kosovo, Romania, and Iraq.
"Türkmenler, Türkçe tabelalardan memnun – Son Dakika". 24 December 2008. Archived from the original on 2020-07-09. Retrieved 2019-11-30.
"Municipal language compliance in Kosovo". OSCE Minsk Group. Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2019-11-30. Turkish language is currently official in Prizren and Mamuşa/Mamushë/Mamuša municipalities. In 2007 and 2008, the municipalities of Gjilan/Gnjilane, southern Mitrovicë/Mitrovica, Prishtinë/Priština and Vushtrri/Vučitrn also recognized Turkish as a language in official use.
"Languages spoken in Macedonia – North Macedonia". Archived from the original on 2022-01-27. Turkish is co-official in Centar Zupa and Plasnica
"The Muslim Minority of Greek Thrace". Archived from the original on 2017-07-01.
"A Database of Turkic Runiform Inscriptions". Archived from the original on 2017-03-26. Retrieved 2017-03-26.
Turkish Language Association. "Türk Dil Kurumu – Tarihçe (History of the Turkish Language Association)" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on March 16, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
Szurek, Emmanuel (2015-02-17). Aymes, Marc (ed.). Order and Compromise: Government Practices in Turkey from the Late Ottoman Empire to the Early 21st Century. Brill Publishers. p. 94. ISBN 978-90-04-28985-7. Archived from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
Bedi Yazıcı. "Nutuk: Özgün metin ve çeviri (Atatürk's Speech: original text and translation)" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-09-28.
"Öz Türkçeleştirme Çalışmaları". Çok Bilgi. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
"Iraq". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-10-31. Retrieved 2017-03-25.
European Commission (2006). "Special Eurobarometer 243: Europeans and their Languages (Survey)" (PDF). Europa. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-04-14. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
Safarova, Durna (2017-02-28). "Azerbaijan Grapples With the Rise of Turkish Language". Eurasianet. Archived from the original on 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-08-18.
"Kosovo". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2016. Archived from the original on 2015-06-19. Retrieved 2017-03-25.
"Kosovo starts using Turkish as fifth official language in documents". Daily Sabah. 9 July 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
"Official regional languages". CIA World Factbook. 2002. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
"As the E.U.'s Language Roster Swells, So Does the Burden", The New York Times, 4 January 2017, archived from the original on 28 October 2019, retrieved 17 March 2017
"En iyi İstanbul Türkçesini kim konuşur?". Milliyet. 18 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2018-11-11. Retrieved 2017-12-30.
Johanson, Lars (2001), Discoveries on the Turkic linguistic map (PDF), Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2007, retrieved 2007-03-18
Akalın, Şükrü Halûk (January 2003). "Türk Dil Kurumu'nun 2002 yılı çalışmaları (Turkish Language Association progress report for 2002)" (PDF). Türk Dili (in Turkish). 85 (613). ISSN 1301-465X. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 27, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
Shashi, Shyam Singh (1992). Encyclopaedia of Humanities and Social Sciences. Anmol Publications. p. 47. Archived from the original on 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
Aydıngün, Ayşegül; Harding, Çiğdem Balım; Hoover, Matthew; Kuznetsov, Igor; Swerdlow, Steve (2006), Meskhetian Turks: An Introduction to their History, Culture, and Resettelment Experiences (PDF), Center for Applied Linguistics, archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-14
Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan (1999). "Turkish" (PDF). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 154–158. ISBN 0-521-65236-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-25. Retrieved 2015-04-12.
Petrova, Olga; Plapp, Rosemary; Ringen, Catherine; Szentgyörgyi, Szilárd (2006). "Voice and aspiration: Evidence from Russian, Hungarian, German, Swedish, and Turkish" (PDF). The Linguistic Review. 23 (1): 1–35. doi:10.1515/tlr.2006.001. ISSN 0167-6318. S2CID 42712078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-08.
"Sesler ve ses uyumları "Sounds and Vovel karmony"" (in Turkish). Turkish Language Association. Archived from the original on 2012-07-28. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
"Turkish Consonant Mutation". turkishbasics.com. Archived from the original on 2018-05-02. Retrieved 2018-05-02.
Husby, Olaf. "Diagnostic use of nonword repetition for detection of language impairment among Turkish speaking minority children in Norway". Working Papers Department of Language and Communication Studies NTNV. 3/2006: 139–149. Archived from the original on 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2017-07-28 – via Academia.edu.
Kiliçasaslan, Yılmaz. "A Typological Approach to Sentence Structure in Turkish" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-05-30. Retrieved 2017-07-28.
"İmlâ Kilavuzu". Dilimiz.com. Archived from the original on 2011-10-06. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
Demir, Celal (2007). "Türkiye Türkçesi Gramerlerinde İsim Tamlaması Sorunu ve Bir Tasnif Denemesi" [The Problem of Adjective in Turkish: An Attempt of Classification] (PDF). Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi [Journal of Turkish World Studies] (in Turkish). 7 (1): 27–54. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-05-02. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
Yüksel Göknel:Turkish Grammar Archived 2013-05-16 at the Wayback Machine^{[full citation needed]}
"Turkish Studies Vol 7/3" (PDF) (in Turkish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-13. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
"Dersimiz Edebiyat Online course" (in Turkish). Dersimizedebiyat.com. Archived from the original on 2013-05-18. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
"2011 Türkçe Sözlük yenileniyor" (in Turkish). Hürriyet. Archived from the original on 2022-12-06. Retrieved 2016-05-07.
"Güncel Türkçe Sözlük" (in Turkish). Turkish Language Association. 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-03-12. Retrieved 2007-03-21.
Dilaçar, Agop (1977). "Atatürk ve Yazım". Türk Dili (in Turkish). 35 (307). ISSN 1301-465X. Archived from the original on 2007-02-14. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
Celia Kerslake; Asli Goksel (11 June 2014). Turkish: An Essential Grammar. Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-134-04218-0. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2018.

worldcat.org

Akalın, Şükrü Halûk (January 2003). "Türk Dil Kurumu'nun 2002 yılı çalışmaları (Turkish Language Association progress report for 2002)" (PDF). Türk Dili (in Turkish). 85 (613). ISSN 1301-465X. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 27, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
Petrova, Olga; Plapp, Rosemary; Ringen, Catherine; Szentgyörgyi, Szilárd (2006). "Voice and aspiration: Evidence from Russian, Hungarian, German, Swedish, and Turkish" (PDF). The Linguistic Review. 23 (1): 1–35. doi:10.1515/tlr.2006.001. ISSN 0167-6318. S2CID 42712078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-08.
Dilaçar, Agop (1977). "Atatürk ve Yazım". Türk Dili (in Turkish). 35 (307). ISSN 1301-465X. Archived from the original on 2007-02-14. Retrieved 2007-03-19.