Turquoise (English Wikipedia)

Warr, L. N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
Rossman, G. R. (1981). "Color in gems: The new technologies" (PDF). Gems & Gemology. 17 (2): 60–71. Bibcode:1981GemG...17...60R. doi:10.5741/GEMS.17.2.60. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
King, R. J. (May 2002). "Turquoise". Geology Today. 18 (3): 110–114. Bibcode:2002GeolT..18..110K. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2451.2002.00345.x. S2CID 241236951.
King, R. J. (2002). "Turquoise". Geology Today. 18 (3): 110–111. Bibcode:2002GeolT..18..110K. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2451.2002.00345.x. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2004-11-27.
Fritsch, Emmanuel; McClure, Shane F.; Ostrooumov, Mikhail; Andres, Yves; Moses, Thomas; Koivula, John I.; Kammerling, Robert C. (Spring 1999). "The identification of Zachery-treated turquoise" (PDF). Gems & Gemology. 35 (1): 4–16. Bibcode:1999GemG...35....4F. doi:10.5741/GEMS.35.1.4. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
Schwarzinger, Bettina; Schwarzinger, Clemens (May 2017). "Investigation of turquoise imitations and treatment with analytical pyrolysis and infrared spectroscopy". Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 125: 24–31. Bibcode:2017JAAP..125...24S. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2017.05.002.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis (1985). Manual of Mineralogy (20th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-80580-9.
Munshi, Eskandar Beg (1629). History of Shah 'Abbas the Great (Tārīkh-e 'Ālamārā-ye 'Abbāsī) / Roger M. Savory, translator. p. 341. Retrieved May 10, 2025.

blackwell-synergy.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

King, R. J. (2002). "Turquoise". Geology Today. 18 (3): 110–111. Bibcode:2002GeolT..18..110K. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2451.2002.00345.x. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2004-11-27.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Vigier, Emmanuelle; Querré, Guirec; Cassen, Serge, eds. (2019). La parure en callaïs du néolithique européen. Oxford: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781789692815. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
Lowry, Joe Dan (2018). Turquoise : the world story of a fascinating gemstone (Updated ed.). Layton, Utah. pp. 36–41. ISBN 978-1423650898. Retrieved 11 November 2020.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

cerrilloshills.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Turquoise Mining History | Cerrillos Hills". www.cerrilloshills.org. Retrieved 2025-08-04.
"Turquoise Mining History: Cerrillos Hills". www.cerrilloshills.org. Retrieved 2023-09-27.

cmich.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

cst.cmich.edu

Dietrich, R. V. (2004). "Turquoise". University of Central Michigan. Archived from the original on December 20, 2004. Retrieved November 20, 2004.

dharamsalanet.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Watson, Martin. "Turquoise – The Gemstone of Tibet". Archived from the original on March 19, 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Warr, L. N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
Beale, Thomas W. (October 1973). "Early trade in highland Iran: A view from a source area". World Archaeology. 5 (2): 133–148. doi:10.1080/00438243.1973.9979561. ISSN 0043-8243.
Mi, Xiaolei; Guo, Bailu; Li, Xiang (2024). Stephanidis, Constantine; Antona, Margherita; Ntoa, Stavroula; Salvendy, Gavriel (eds.). "The Information Visualization Design Research on Turquoise Along the Silk Road". HCI International 2024 Posters. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland: 285–291. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-61950-2_32. ISBN 978-3-031-61950-2.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
Karampelas, Stefanos; Kiefert, Lore; Bersani, Danilo; Vandenabeele, Peter (2020), "Gems Through the Ages", in Karampelas, Stefanos; Kiefert, Lore; Bersani, Danilo; Vandenabeele, Peter (eds.), Gems and Gemmology: An Introduction for Archaeologists, Art-Historians and Conservators, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 5–38, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35449-7_2, ISBN 978-3-030-35449-7, retrieved 2026-05-01
Rossman, G. R. (1981). "Color in gems: The new technologies" (PDF). Gems & Gemology. 17 (2): 60–71. Bibcode:1981GemG...17...60R. doi:10.5741/GEMS.17.2.60. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
Watanabe, Yasushi; Sato, Ryuya; Sulaksono, Adi (April 2018). "Role of Potassic Alteration for Porphyry Cu Mineralization: Implication for the Absence of Porphyry Cu Deposits in Japan: Role of potassic alteration in porphyry system". Resource Geology. 68 (2): 195–207. doi:10.1111/rge.12165.
King, R. J. (May 2002). "Turquoise". Geology Today. 18 (3): 110–114. Bibcode:2002GeolT..18..110K. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2451.2002.00345.x. S2CID 241236951.
King, R. J. (2002). "Turquoise". Geology Today. 18 (3): 110–111. Bibcode:2002GeolT..18..110K. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2451.2002.00345.x. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2004-11-27.
Zhetpisbayeva, K.B.; Zhubatova, B.N. (June 2021). "The symbolic meaning of turquoise in Iranian culture". Journal of Oriental Studies. 97 (2). Al-Farabi Kazakh National University: 73–81. doi:10.26577/JOS.2021.v97.i2.08.
Fritsch, Emmanuel; McClure, Shane F.; Ostrooumov, Mikhail; Andres, Yves; Moses, Thomas; Koivula, John I.; Kammerling, Robert C. (Spring 1999). "The identification of Zachery-treated turquoise" (PDF). Gems & Gemology. 35 (1): 4–16. Bibcode:1999GemG...35....4F. doi:10.5741/GEMS.35.1.4. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
Schwarzinger, Bettina; Schwarzinger, Clemens (May 2017). "Investigation of turquoise imitations and treatment with analytical pyrolysis and infrared spectroscopy". Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 125: 24–31. Bibcode:2017JAAP..125...24S. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2017.05.002.

durangosilver.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Turquoise Gemstone of Centuries". Durango Silver Company. Retrieved 2025-06-09.

geocities.com (Global: 1,594^th place; English: 1,249^th place)

Harriss, Joseph A. "Tantalizing Turquoise". Archived from the original on 2008-02-01. Retrieved 2007-06-01.

geologyscience.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hydrothermal Alteration". Geology Science. 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.

gia.edu (Global: low place; English: 9,053^rd place)

"Turquoise Quality Factors". Gemological Institute of America.
Rossman, G. R. (1981). "Color in gems: The new technologies" (PDF). Gems & Gemology. 17 (2): 60–71. Bibcode:1981GemG...17...60R. doi:10.5741/GEMS.17.2.60. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
Fritsch, Emmanuel; McClure, Shane F.; Ostrooumov, Mikhail; Andres, Yves; Moses, Thomas; Koivula, John I.; Kammerling, Robert C. (Spring 1999). "The identification of Zachery-treated turquoise" (PDF). Gems & Gemology. 35 (1): 4–16. Bibcode:1999GemG...35....4F. doi:10.5741/GEMS.35.1.4. Retrieved 14 May 2022.

google.com.tr (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com.tr

Lowry, Joe Dan (2010). Turquoise. Gibbs Smith. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-4236-1980-2.

maajournal.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Henderson, J.; Evans, J.; Nikita, K. (2010). "Isotopic evidence for the primary production, provenance and trade of Late Bronze Age glass in the Mediterranean". Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry. 10 (1): 1–1. ISSN 2241-8121.

mindat.org (Global: 712^th place; English: 1,219^th place)

"Turquoise". mindat.org. Retrieved 2006-10-04.. "Turquoise: Turquoise mineral information and data". Archived from the original on 2006-11-12. Retrieved 2006-10-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link).

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489^th place; English: 425^th place)

"How turquoise became synonymous with New Mexico". Travel. 2022-02-03. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved 2023-09-27.

nga.gov (Global: 3,083^rd place; English: 2,589^th place)

"China Exhibition". Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art. 1999. Archived from the original on 2006-09-30. Retrieved 2006-09-23.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Kretzmann, John A.; Moiola, Lloyd A. (2014). "Historic preservation in the Cerrillos mining district" (PDF). CiteSeerX 10.1.1.505.2557. Retrieved 9 June 2020. {{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

rocktumblinghobby.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

forum.rocktumblinghobby.com

"Turquoise Locations | Rock Tumbling Hobby". forum.rocktumblinghobby.com. Archived from the original on 2023-05-24. Retrieved 2025-06-09.

rruff.info (Global: 5,858^th place; English: low place)

Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C., eds. (2000). "Turquoise" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Vol. IV. Chantilly, Virginia: Mineralogical Society of America. ISBN 978-0-9622097-3-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-02-11.
"Turquoise R050554". RRUFF Project. Archived from the original on 2017-05-02. Retrieved 2017-10-19.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Warr, L. N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
King, R. J. (May 2002). "Turquoise". Geology Today. 18 (3): 110–114. Bibcode:2002GeolT..18..110K. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2451.2002.00345.x. S2CID 241236951.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Mi, Xiaolei; Guo, Bailu; Li, Xiang (2024). Stephanidis, Constantine; Antona, Margherita; Ntoa, Stavroula; Salvendy, Gavriel (eds.). "The Information Visualization Design Research on Turquoise Along the Silk Road". HCI International 2024 Posters. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland: 285–291. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-61950-2_32. ISBN 978-3-031-61950-2.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)

state.nm.us (Global: 8,279^th place; English: 4,037^th place)

emnrd.state.nm.us

Kretzmann, John A.; Moiola, Lloyd A. (2014). "Historic preservation in the Cerrillos mining district" (PDF). CiteSeerX 10.1.1.505.2557. Retrieved 9 June 2020. {{cite web}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

tandfonline.com (Global: 286^th place; English: 209^th place)

Beale, Thomas W. (October 1973). "Early trade in highland Iran: A view from a source area". World Archaeology. 5 (2): 133–148. doi:10.1080/00438243.1973.9979561. ISSN 0043-8243.

usgs.gov (Global: 119^th place; English: 145^th place)

minerals.usgs.gov

Turquoise Archived 2007-05-20 at the Wayback Machine. minerals.usgs.gov

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Turquoise". mindat.org. Retrieved 2006-10-04.. "Turquoise: Turquoise mineral information and data". Archived from the original on 2006-11-12. Retrieved 2006-10-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link).
Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C., eds. (2000). "Turquoise" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Vol. IV. Chantilly, Virginia: Mineralogical Society of America. ISBN 978-0-9622097-3-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-02-11.
Turquoise Archived 2007-05-20 at the Wayback Machine. minerals.usgs.gov
"Turquoise R050554". RRUFF Project. Archived from the original on 2017-05-02. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
Dietrich, R. V. (2004). "Turquoise". University of Central Michigan. Archived from the original on December 20, 2004. Retrieved November 20, 2004.
King, R. J. (2002). "Turquoise". Geology Today. 18 (3): 110–111. Bibcode:2002GeolT..18..110K. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2451.2002.00345.x. Archived from the original on 2018-12-15. Retrieved 2004-11-27.
Farmani, Anousheh (2015) "Precious and semi-precious minerals and their roots in ancient Persian texts", Second International Congress of Science and Earth, Tehran
"Turquoise Locations | Rock Tumbling Hobby". forum.rocktumblinghobby.com. Archived from the original on 2023-05-24. Retrieved 2025-06-09.
Watson, Martin. "Turquoise – The Gemstone of Tibet". Archived from the original on March 19, 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
"China Exhibition". Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art. 1999. Archived from the original on 2006-09-30. Retrieved 2006-09-23.
"How turquoise became synonymous with New Mexico". Travel. 2022-02-03. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
Harriss, Joseph A. "Tantalizing Turquoise". Archived from the original on 2008-02-01. Retrieved 2007-06-01.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Beale, Thomas W. (October 1973). "Early trade in highland Iran: A view from a source area". World Archaeology. 5 (2): 133–148. doi:10.1080/00438243.1973.9979561. ISSN 0043-8243.
Henderson, J.; Evans, J.; Nikita, K. (2010). "Isotopic evidence for the primary production, provenance and trade of Late Bronze Age glass in the Mediterranean". Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry. 10 (1): 1–1. ISSN 2241-8121.

Turquoise (English Wikipedia)

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