Two's complement (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Two's complement" in English language version.

Last modified: 06:58:38, 27 September 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

44web.archive.org

1^st place

22books.google.com

3^rd place

21cmu.edu

2,125^th place

1,347^th place

11pharo.org

low place

11open-std.org

7,079^th place

5,042^nd place

11rit.edu

8,952^nd place

5,919^th place

11mit.edu

476^th place

340^th place

11oracle.com

2,532^nd place

1,847^th place

11regehr.org

low place

11u-tokyo.ac.jp

1,814^th place

4,939^th place

11uwm.edu

7,774^th place

4,678^th place

11cornell.edu

308^th place

253^rd place

11wisc.edu

891^st place

533^rd place

11inwap.com

low place

11loc.gov

63^rd place

47^th place

11hp.com

4,971^st place

3,200^th place

11rsuh.ru

low place

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Lilja, David J.; Sapatnekar, Sachin S. (2005). Designing Digital Computer Systems with Verilog. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521828666.
Harris, David Money; Harris, Sarah L. (2007). Digital Design and Computer Architecture. Morgan Kaufmann. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-08-054706-0 – via Google Books.

cmu.edu (Global: 2,125^th place; English: 1,347^th place)

wiki.sei.cmu.edu

Seacord, Robert C. (2020). "Ensure that operations on signed integers do not result in overflow". Rule INT32-C. wiki.sei.cmu.edu. SEI CERT C Coding Standard.

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; English: 253^rd place)

cs.cornell.edu

Finley, Thomas (April 2000). "Two's Complement". Computer Science. Class notes for CS 104. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University. Retrieved 2014-06-22.

hp.com (Global: 4,971^st place; English: 3,200^th place)

hplabs.itcs.hp.com

Vuillemin, Jean (1993). "Chapter 7". On circuits and numbers (PDF). Paris: Digital Equipment Corporation. p. 19. Retrieved 2023-03-29. See especially chapter 7.3 for multiplication.

inwap.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Programming Hacks". HAKMEM. ITEM 154 (Gosper). Archived from the original on 2024-02-24.

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

catalog.loc.gov

For the summation of 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ⋯ without recourse to the 2-adic metric, see Hardy, G. H. (1949). Divergent Series. Clarendon Press. pp. 7–10. LCC QA295 .H29 1967.

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

web.mit.edu

von Neumann, John (1945), First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC (PDF), retrieved February 20, 2021

open-std.org (Global: 7,079^th place; English: 5,042^nd place)

"Changes between C++17 and C++20". www.open-std.org. Retrieved 2026-09-25.

oracle.com (Global: 2,532^nd place; English: 1,847^th place)

docs.oracle.com

"Math". API specification. Java Platform SE 7.

pharo.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

files.pharo.org

Bergel, Alexandre; Cassou, Damien; Ducasse, Stéphane; Laval, Jannik (2013). Deep into Pharo (PDF). p. 337.

regehr.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

blog.regehr.org

Regehr, John (2013). "Nobody expects the Spanish inquisition, or INT_MIN to be divided by −1". Regehr.org (blog).

rit.edu (Global: 8,952^nd place; English: 5,919^th place)

"Two's Complement" (PDF). University of Rochester Academic Success Center.

rsuh.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

crypto.rsuh.ru

Anashin, Vladimir; Bogdanov, Andrey; Kizhvatov, Ilya (2007). "ABC Stream Cipher". Russian State University for the Humanities. Retrieved 24 January 2012.

u-tokyo.ac.jp (Global: 1,814^th place; English: 4,939^th place)

ipl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Affeldt, Reynald & Marti, Nicolas (2006). Formal verification of arithmetic functions in SmartMIPS Assembly (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22.

uwm.edu (Global: 7,774^th place; English: 4,678^th place)

cs.uwm.edu

"3.9. Two's Complement". Chapter 3. Data Representation. cs.uwm.edu. 2012-12-03. Archived from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 2014-06-22.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Affeldt, Reynald & Marti, Nicolas (2006). Formal verification of arithmetic functions in SmartMIPS Assembly (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22.
"3.9. Two's Complement". Chapter 3. Data Representation. cs.uwm.edu. 2012-12-03. Archived from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 2014-06-22.
Karen Miller (August 24, 2007). "Two's Complement Multiplication". cs.wisc.edu. Archived from the original on February 13, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
"Programming Hacks". HAKMEM. ITEM 154 (Gosper). Archived from the original on 2024-02-24.

wisc.edu (Global: 891^st place; English: 533^rd place)

pages.cs.wisc.edu

Karen Miller (August 24, 2007). "Two's Complement Multiplication". cs.wisc.edu. Archived from the original on February 13, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2015.

Two's complement (English Wikipedia)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cmu.edu (Global: 2,125th place; English: 1,347th place)

wiki.sei.cmu.edu

cornell.edu (Global: 308th place; English: 253rd place)

cs.cornell.edu

hp.com (Global: 4,971st place; English: 3,200th place)

hplabs.itcs.hp.com

inwap.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

loc.gov (Global: 63rd place; English: 47th place)

catalog.loc.gov

mit.edu (Global: 476th place; English: 340th place)

web.mit.edu

open-std.org (Global: 7,079th place; English: 5,042nd place)

oracle.com (Global: 2,532nd place; English: 1,847th place)

docs.oracle.com

pharo.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

files.pharo.org

regehr.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

blog.regehr.org

rit.edu (Global: 8,952nd place; English: 5,919th place)

rsuh.ru (Global: low place; English: low place)

crypto.rsuh.ru

u-tokyo.ac.jp (Global: 1,814th place; English: 4,939th place)

ipl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

uwm.edu (Global: 7,774th place; English: 4,678th place)

cs.uwm.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wisc.edu (Global: 891st place; English: 533rd place)

pages.cs.wisc.edu

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cmu.edu (Global: 2,125^th place; English: 1,347^th place)

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; English: 253^rd place)

hp.com (Global: 4,971^st place; English: 3,200^th place)

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

mit.edu (Global: 476^th place; English: 340^th place)

open-std.org (Global: 7,079^th place; English: 5,042^nd place)

oracle.com (Global: 2,532^nd place; English: 1,847^th place)

rit.edu (Global: 8,952^nd place; English: 5,919^th place)

u-tokyo.ac.jp (Global: 1,814^th place; English: 4,939^th place)

uwm.edu (Global: 7,774^th place; English: 4,678^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wisc.edu (Global: 891^st place; English: 533^rd place)