Two-party system (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Two-party system" in English language version.
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bbc.co.uk
news.bbc.co.uk
- "The Lebanese crisis explained". May 22, 2007. Archived from the original on January 23, 2008. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
books.google.com
- Schmidt, Steffen W.; Shelley, Mack C.; Bardes, Barbara A. (2008). "American Government and Politics Today 2008–2009". Wadsworth Publishing Company. ISBN 9780495503224. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
- Disch, Lisa Jane (2002). The Tyranny of the Two-Party System. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231110358. Archived from the original on December 26, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2012 – via Google Books.
- L. Sandy Maisel; Mark D. Brewer (2011). Parties and Elections in America: The Electoral Process (6th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 42. ISBN 9781442207707. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
- Lijphart, Arend; Aitkin, Don (1994). Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies ... Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198273479. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2012 – via Google Books.
- Lisa Jane Disch (2002). The tyranny of the two-party system. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231110358. Archived from the original on December 26, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
- Robert Lloyd Kelley (1990). The Transatlantic Persuasion: The Liberal-Democratic Mind in the Age of Gladstone. Transaction Publishers. p. 83. ISBN 978-1412840293. Archived from the original on August 19, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
- Frank O'Gorman (1982). The Emergence of the British Two-Party System, 1760–1832. Holmes & Meier Publishers, Incorporated.
- Stephen J. Lee (2005). Gladstone and Disraeli. Routledge. p. 146. ISBN 978-1134349272. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
boundless.com
- The Two Party System, Boundless Publishing, Two-party systems are prominent in various countries, such as the U.S., and contain both advantages and disadvantages Archived 2013-10-03 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013 "...There are two main reasons winner-takes-all systems lead to a two-party system...",
britannica.com
- Martins, Luciano; Schneider, Ronald Milton. "Brazil – Political parties". britannica.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 23, 2017.
cambridge.org
journals.cambridge.org
- Stephen Minicucci, "Internal Improvements and the Union, 1790–1860", Studies in American Political Development (2004), 18: pp. 160–85, (2004), Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/S0898588X04000094. Archived 2016-08-22 at the Wayback Machine.
cato.org
- Patrick Bashan, CATO Institute, June 9, 2004, Do Electoral Systems Affect Government Size? Archived 2020-03-10 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013, "...The current system has many disadvantages, most notably its propensity to discriminate against minor parties operating outside the increasingly uncompetitive, cozy two-party system.... America's winner-takes-all electoral system may be the least bad option for those seeking to limit government involvement in the nation's economic life...."
cavalierdaily.com
- Ashley Ford, September 17, 2012, Cavalier Daily, Party of three: A third political party is an important aspect of the Virginia democratic process Archived 2020-03-23 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013, "...The two party system forces the third party to join their group in a winner take all system..."
cnn.com
edition.cnn.com
- "CNNfyi.com - Nader and Buchanan excluded from first presidential debate - October 3, 2000". Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
csmonitor.com
- Robert Marquand (March 11, 2008). "In Spain's elections, Socialists win with liberal appeal". Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on November 7, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
The outcome also suggests that Spain, which has many small parties, is moving toward a greater two-party system – even as basic splits between right and left are deepening and becoming more contentious.
doi.org
- Daddieh, C.K.; Bob-Milliar, G.M. (2014). "Ghana: The African Exemplar of an Institutionalized Two-Party System?". In Doorenspleet, R.; Nijzink, L. (eds.). Party Systems and Democracy in Africa. London: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9781137011718_6. ISBN 978-1-137-01171-8.
- Angell, Alan (July 1966). "Party Systems in Latin America". Political Quarterly. 37 (3): 309–323. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.1966.tb00224.x.
- Stephen Minicucci, "Internal Improvements and the Union, 1790–1860", Studies in American Political Development (2004), 18: pp. 160–85, (2004), Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/S0898588X04000094. Archived 2016-08-22 at the Wayback Machine.
economist.com
- "What mean will we regress to?". The Economist. October 5, 2010. Archived from the original on November 9, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
Certainly, there have been a whole lot of hung parliaments and slow-forming coalitions around the world lately. (Canada, Australia, Britain, the Netherlands, Iraq...)
- "The advantages of parliamentarianism". The Economist. January 21, 2010. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
goodreads.com
- A.G. Roderick (2014). Two Tyrants. City of Gold Publishing. ISBN 978-0990889205. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
historylearningsite.co.uk
- History Learning Site, Why America is a two-party state Archived 2015-06-08 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013, "...The American electoral system – winner-takes-all – guarantees that any third, fourth party etc has no chance of winning...."
honolulumagazine.com
- Loren Moreno (June 15, 2015). "Two Tyrants". Honolulu Magazine. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
... since both parties are cut from the same cloth of corruption and corporate influence, the American populace is left in a "crisis of creativity," ...
huffingtonpost.com
- Chris Weigant (April 7, 2010). "Exceptional Democracy". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on April 13, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
And, as a result, more parties are represented in their parliament after the elections. The Italian Parliament, for instance, recently had more than 70 parties represented. ... These deals are cut with the smaller parties by offering them the chance to fill high government offices...
jessenorman.com
- "ConHome op-ed: the USA, Radical Conservatism and Edmund Burke". Archived from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
lwv.org
- "Statement by Nancy M. Neuman, President, League of Women Voters | League of Women Voters". October 3, 1988. Archived from the original on December 27, 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
malaysia-today.net
- Wong Chin Huat, fz.com, July 29, 2013, When winner takes all Archived 2013-08-01 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013, "...This "winner-takes-all" characteristic of political contestation then forces political groups to consolidate into two blocs, hence, the two-party system..."
mediatoday.co.kr
- Jung Sang-Geun (July 10, 2013). "'그들만의 양당제', 유권자가 정치에 관심을 끊은 이유". Mediatoday. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
minnpost.com
- Eric Black, Minnpost, October 8, 2012, Why the same two parties dominate our two-party system Archived 2020-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013, "...SMDP (single-member districts, plurality) voting system. ... This forces those who might favor a minor party candidate to either vote for whichever of the two biggest parties the voter dislikes the least, or to risk the likelihood that their vote will be "wasted" or, worse, that they will end up helping the major-party candidate whom the voter dislikes the most to win. Minor parties aren't banned, but they seldom produce a plurality winner, and their lack of success often causes the minor parties to wither and die...."
nymag.com
- Ryan Lizza (April 16, 2006). "But Is a Third Party Possible?". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2010.
- Ryan Lizza (April 16, 2006). "But Is a Third Party Possible?". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2010.
In the nineteenth century, third parties were single-issue creatures that grew up around great causes that the major parties were ignoring. Abolition, women's suffrage, and the direct election of senators all started as third-party movements.
nytimes.com
- The New York Times, August 21, 2006, Post-Koizumi, dream of a two-party system Archived 2020-02-26 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed Oct. 18, 2013, quote: "...This is positive. A two-party system isn't here yet, but it's a kind of dream we have..."
- Michiko Kakutani (book reviewer) American Creation (book by Joseph J. Ellis) (November 27, 2007). "The Timing, Luck and Lust Behind the Forming of That More Perfect Union". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 5, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
the standoff between the Federalists and their opponents, which led to the modern two-party system
pbs.org
- Two Party System, PBS, Two-Party System Archived 2019-11-17 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013, "...Third-party or independent candidates face a slew of obstacles in American politics, from limited media coverage to legal barriers and Congressional leadership rules. Laws regarding third-party candidates also vary from state to state, presenting additional difficulties...."
planalto.gov.br
- "AIT-02-65". www.planalto.gov.br.
reuters.com
- Silvia Aloisi (April 15, 2008). "Election pushes Italy towards two-party system". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
Italy's next parliament will have far fewer parties than the previous assembly, pushing the country closer to the two-party system that many commentators say is the only way to end years of political instability. ...
scielo.org
socialsciences.scielo.org
- Moreira, Constanza (2006). "Party systems, political alternation and ideology in the south cone (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay)". Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política. 2 (SE). Archived from the original on January 24, 2018. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
sj-r.com
- Fain, Thom (September 26, 2016). "What is the Commission on Presidential Debates, and what do they do?". The State Journal-Register. Springfield, Illinois. Archived from the original on June 6, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
theguardian.com
- Paul Harris (November 19, 2011). "'America is better than this': paralysis at the top leaves voters desperate for change". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 1, 2013. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
- Jack Schofield (June 8, 2009). "Sweden's Pirate Party wins EU seat (updated)". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 13, 2014. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
The Pirate Party ... wants to legalise internet file-sharing and protect people's privacy on the net ... There *IS* a UK Pirate Party ... and there's a US ... one, and one in a few dozen others."
thehill.com
- Coblenz, Michael (January 28, 2016). "The two-party system is destroying America". The Hill. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
time.com
- Dell, Kristina (November 1, 2004). "The Electoral College Explained". Time. Archived from the original on July 10, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
Forty-eight states have the standard "winner-takes-all" electoral system: whichever presidential ticket amasses the most popular votes in a state wins all the electors of that state.
- Dell, Kristina (November 1, 2004). "The Electoral College Explained". Time. Archived from the original on July 10, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- Crowley, Michael (May 21, 2012). "Indie Block: Why has a third-party presidential effort sputtered?". Time. Archived from the original on May 16, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
...and another $15 million has gone toward its most valuable asset: ballot access. Americans Elect has secured a ballot line in 26 states..
- Kristina dell (November 1, 2004). "The Electoral College Explained". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on July 10, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
Some argue that the winner-take-all mechanism in 48 states discourages independent or third party candidates from running because it would be difficult for them to get many electoral votes.
timesofmalta.com
- Borg, Bertrand (June 6, 2017). "Marlene Farrugia's election met with counting hall taunts". Times of Malta. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
Malta's next legislature will feature an elected third party representative for the first time in more than 50 years, with Democratic Party leader Marlene Farrugia having made it into parliament.
usatoday.com
usatoday30.usatoday.com
- Neuharth, Al (January 22, 2004). "Why politics is fun from catbirds' seats". USA Today. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
washingtonpost.com
- George F. Will, October 12, 2006, Washington Post, From Schwarzenegger, a Veto for Voters' Good Archived 2017-05-20 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013, "...That electoral vote system (combined with the winner-take-all allocation of votes in all states but Maine and Nebraska) makes it very difficult for third-party presidential candidates to be competitive..."
- Cillizza, Chris (July 24, 2011). "Voters' renewed anger at Washington spurs formation of third-party advocate groups". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
- Chris Cillizza and Aaron Blake, May 18, 2012, The Washington Post, Americans Elect and the death of the third party movement Archived 2020-02-25 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 11, 2013
- Casal Bértoa, Fernando (June 19, 2015). "Shake-up in Spain: Reform parties have broken the old two-party cartel". WashingtonPost.com. Archived from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved September 23, 2017.
web.archive.org
- Schmidt, Steffen W.; Shelley, Mack C.; Bardes, Barbara A. (2008). "American Government and Politics Today 2008–2009". Wadsworth Publishing Company. ISBN 9780495503224. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
- Wong Chin Huat, fz.com, July 29, 2013, When winner takes all Archived 2013-08-01 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013, "...This "winner-takes-all" characteristic of political contestation then forces political groups to consolidate into two blocs, hence, the two-party system..."
- Regis Publishing, The US System: Winner Takes All, [dead link] Accessed August 12, 2013, "...Winner-take-all rules trigger a cycle that leads to and strengthens a system of few (two in the US) political parties..." (in Wayback Machine)
- The Two Party System, Boundless Publishing, Two-party systems are prominent in various countries, such as the U.S., and contain both advantages and disadvantages Archived 2013-10-03 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013 "...There are two main reasons winner-takes-all systems lead to a two-party system...",
- Eric Black, Minnpost, October 8, 2012, Why the same two parties dominate our two-party system Archived 2020-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013, "...SMDP (single-member districts, plurality) voting system. ... This forces those who might favor a minor party candidate to either vote for whichever of the two biggest parties the voter dislikes the least, or to risk the likelihood that their vote will be "wasted" or, worse, that they will end up helping the major-party candidate whom the voter dislikes the most to win. Minor parties aren't banned, but they seldom produce a plurality winner, and their lack of success often causes the minor parties to wither and die...."
- History Learning Site, Why America is a two-party state Archived 2015-06-08 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013, "...The American electoral system – winner-takes-all – guarantees that any third, fourth party etc has no chance of winning...."
- Patrick Bashan, CATO Institute, June 9, 2004, Do Electoral Systems Affect Government Size? Archived 2020-03-10 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013, "...The current system has many disadvantages, most notably its propensity to discriminate against minor parties operating outside the increasingly uncompetitive, cozy two-party system.... America's winner-takes-all electoral system may be the least bad option for those seeking to limit government involvement in the nation's economic life...."
- George F. Will, October 12, 2006, Washington Post, From Schwarzenegger, a Veto for Voters' Good Archived 2017-05-20 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013, "...That electoral vote system (combined with the winner-take-all allocation of votes in all states but Maine and Nebraska) makes it very difficult for third-party presidential candidates to be competitive..."
- Ashley Ford, September 17, 2012, Cavalier Daily, Party of three: A third political party is an important aspect of the Virginia democratic process Archived 2020-03-23 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013, "...The two party system forces the third party to join their group in a winner take all system..."
- Two Party System, PBS, Two-Party System Archived 2019-11-17 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 12, 2013, "...Third-party or independent candidates face a slew of obstacles in American politics, from limited media coverage to legal barriers and Congressional leadership rules. Laws regarding third-party candidates also vary from state to state, presenting additional difficulties...."
- Cillizza, Chris (July 24, 2011). "Voters' renewed anger at Washington spurs formation of third-party advocate groups". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
- Chris Cillizza and Aaron Blake, May 18, 2012, The Washington Post, Americans Elect and the death of the third party movement Archived 2020-02-25 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed August 11, 2013
- Disch, Lisa Jane (2002). The Tyranny of the Two-Party System. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231110358. Archived from the original on December 26, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2012 – via Google Books.
- Borg, Bertrand (June 6, 2017). "Marlene Farrugia's election met with counting hall taunts". Times of Malta. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
Malta's next legislature will feature an elected third party representative for the first time in more than 50 years, with Democratic Party leader Marlene Farrugia having made it into parliament.
- Robert Marquand (March 11, 2008). "In Spain's elections, Socialists win with liberal appeal". Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on November 7, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
The outcome also suggests that Spain, which has many small parties, is moving toward a greater two-party system – even as basic splits between right and left are deepening and becoming more contentious.
- Casal Bértoa, Fernando (June 19, 2015). "Shake-up in Spain: Reform parties have broken the old two-party cartel". WashingtonPost.com. Archived from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved September 23, 2017.
- L. Sandy Maisel; Mark D. Brewer (2011). Parties and Elections in America: The Electoral Process (6th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 42. ISBN 9781442207707. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
- "Statement by Nancy M. Neuman, President, League of Women Voters | League of Women Voters". October 3, 1988. Archived from the original on December 27, 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
- "CNNfyi.com - Nader and Buchanan excluded from first presidential debate - October 3, 2000". Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
- Fain, Thom (September 26, 2016). "What is the Commission on Presidential Debates, and what do they do?". The State Journal-Register. Springfield, Illinois. Archived from the original on June 6, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
- Moreira, Constanza (2006). "Party systems, political alternation and ideology in the south cone (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay)". Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política. 2 (SE). Archived from the original on January 24, 2018. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
- Martins, Luciano; Schneider, Ronald Milton. "Brazil – Political parties". britannica.com. Archived from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 23, 2017.
- "The Lebanese crisis explained". May 22, 2007. Archived from the original on January 23, 2008. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
- The New York Times, August 21, 2006, Post-Koizumi, dream of a two-party system Archived 2020-02-26 at the Wayback Machine, Accessed Oct. 18, 2013, quote: "...This is positive. A two-party system isn't here yet, but it's a kind of dream we have..."
- Jung Sang-Geun (July 10, 2013). "'그들만의 양당제', 유권자가 정치에 관심을 끊은 이유". Mediatoday. Archived from the original on October 19, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
- Lijphart, Arend; Aitkin, Don (1994). Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies ... Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198273479. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2012 – via Google Books.
- Michiko Kakutani (book reviewer) American Creation (book by Joseph J. Ellis) (November 27, 2007). "The Timing, Luck and Lust Behind the Forming of That More Perfect Union". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 5, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
the standoff between the Federalists and their opponents, which led to the modern two-party system
- Dell, Kristina (November 1, 2004). "The Electoral College Explained". Time. Archived from the original on July 10, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
Forty-eight states have the standard "winner-takes-all" electoral system: whichever presidential ticket amasses the most popular votes in a state wins all the electors of that state.
- Dell, Kristina (November 1, 2004). "The Electoral College Explained". Time. Archived from the original on July 10, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- Crowley, Michael (May 21, 2012). "Indie Block: Why has a third-party presidential effort sputtered?". Time. Archived from the original on May 16, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
...and another $15 million has gone toward its most valuable asset: ballot access. Americans Elect has secured a ballot line in 26 states..
- Ryan Lizza (April 16, 2006). "But Is a Third Party Possible?". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2010.
- Paul Harris (November 19, 2011). "'America is better than this': paralysis at the top leaves voters desperate for change". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 1, 2013. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
- Jack Schofield (June 8, 2009). "Sweden's Pirate Party wins EU seat (updated)". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 13, 2014. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
The Pirate Party ... wants to legalise internet file-sharing and protect people's privacy on the net ... There *IS* a UK Pirate Party ... and there's a US ... one, and one in a few dozen others."
- Ryan Lizza (April 16, 2006). "But Is a Third Party Possible?". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2010.
In the nineteenth century, third parties were single-issue creatures that grew up around great causes that the major parties were ignoring. Abolition, women's suffrage, and the direct election of senators all started as third-party movements.
- "What mean will we regress to?". The Economist. October 5, 2010. Archived from the original on November 9, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
Certainly, there have been a whole lot of hung parliaments and slow-forming coalitions around the world lately. (Canada, Australia, Britain, the Netherlands, Iraq...)
- Silvia Aloisi (April 15, 2008). "Election pushes Italy towards two-party system". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
Italy's next parliament will have far fewer parties than the previous assembly, pushing the country closer to the two-party system that many commentators say is the only way to end years of political instability. ...
- Lisa Jane Disch (2002). The tyranny of the two-party system. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231110358. Archived from the original on December 26, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
- Kristina dell (November 1, 2004). "The Electoral College Explained". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on July 10, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
Some argue that the winner-take-all mechanism in 48 states discourages independent or third party candidates from running because it would be difficult for them to get many electoral votes.
- "The advantages of parliamentarianism". The Economist. January 21, 2010. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- Chris Weigant (April 7, 2010). "Exceptional Democracy". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on April 13, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
And, as a result, more parties are represented in their parliament after the elections. The Italian Parliament, for instance, recently had more than 70 parties represented. ... These deals are cut with the smaller parties by offering them the chance to fill high government offices...
- Wisconsin Public Radio, Two Tyrants Archived 2016-05-06 at the Wayback Machine interview by Kathleen Dunn with author A.G. Roderick
- A.G. Roderick (2014). Two Tyrants. City of Gold Publishing. ISBN 978-0990889205. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
- "Republicans and Democrats: America's Two Tyrants?". WNYC Public Radio. July 27, 2015. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
...only about eight percent of Americans feel confident in our partisan Congress ... 47 percent of Americans ... identify as independents. ...
- Loren Moreno (June 15, 2015). "Two Tyrants". Honolulu Magazine. Archived from the original on May 8, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
... since both parties are cut from the same cloth of corruption and corporate influence, the American populace is left in a "crisis of creativity," ...
- Coblenz, Michael (January 28, 2016). "The two-party system is destroying America". The Hill. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
- Robert Lloyd Kelley (1990). The Transatlantic Persuasion: The Liberal-Democratic Mind in the Age of Gladstone. Transaction Publishers. p. 83. ISBN 978-1412840293. Archived from the original on August 19, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
- "ConHome op-ed: the USA, Radical Conservatism and Edmund Burke". Archived from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- "The History of Political Parties in England (1678–1914)". Archived from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- Stephen J. Lee (2005). Gladstone and Disraeli. Routledge. p. 146. ISBN 978-1134349272. Archived from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
- Stephen Minicucci, "Internal Improvements and the Union, 1790–1860", Studies in American Political Development (2004), 18: pp. 160–85, (2004), Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/S0898588X04000094. Archived 2016-08-22 at the Wayback Machine.
wnyc.org
- "Republicans and Democrats: America's Two Tyrants?". WNYC Public Radio. July 27, 2015. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
...only about eight percent of Americans feel confident in our partisan Congress ... 47 percent of Americans ... identify as independents. ...
wpr.org
- Wisconsin Public Radio, Two Tyrants Archived 2016-05-06 at the Wayback Machine interview by Kathleen Dunn with author A.G. Roderick
zum.de
- "The History of Political Parties in England (1678–1914)". Archived from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2013.