Type system (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Type system" in English language version.

Last modified: 09:44:52, 23 August 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

53doi.org

2^nd place

42psu.edu

299^th place

159^th place

33microsoft.com

263^rd place

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22books.google.com

3^rd place

22web.archive.org

1^st place

22semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

22ecma-international.org

low place

8,859^th place

22perl6.org

low place

21worldcat.org

4^th place

21bracha.org

low place

21indiana.edu

2,374^th place

1,453^rd place

11lucacardelli.name

low place

11kent.ac.uk

7,023^rd place

4,256^th place

11inria.fr

6,372^nd place

5,582^nd place

11geeksforgeeks.org

low place

11acm.org

1,200^th place

821^st place

11hdl.handle.net

66^th place

34^th place

11rust-lang.org

low place

11infoq.com

9,906^th place

7,884^th place

11mozilla.org

2,188^th place

2,076^th place

11php.net

8,178^th place

7,970^th place

11stackoverflow.com

9,249^th place

6,951^st place

11stanford.edu

194^th place

182^nd place

11uchicago.edu

226^th place

199^th place

acm.org (Global: 1,200^th place; English: 821^st place)

dl.acm.org

Wright, Andrew K. (1995). Practical Soft Typing (PhD). Rice University. hdl:1911/16900.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Nordström, B.; Petersson, K.; Smith, J.M. (2001). "Martin-Löf's Type Theory". Algebraic and Logical Structures. Handbook of Logic in Computer Science. Vol. 5. Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-19-154627-3.
Barendregt, Henk; Dekkers, Wil; Statman, Richard (20 June 2013). Lambda Calculus with Types. Cambridge University Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-521-76614-2.

bracha.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bracha, G. "Pluggable Types" (PDF).

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Xi, Hongwei (1998). Dependent Types in Practical Programming (PhD). Department of Mathematical Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.41.548. {{cite thesis}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Xi, Hongwei; Pfenning, Frank (1999). "Dependent Types in Practical Programming". Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. ACM. pp. 214–227. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.69.2042. doi:10.1145/292540.292560. ISBN 1581130953. S2CID 245490. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Kopylov, Alexei (2003). "Dependent intersection: A new way of defining records in type theory". 18th IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science. LICS 2003. IEEE Computer Society. pp. 86–95. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.89.4223. doi:10.1109/LICS.2003.1210048. {{cite conference}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Mitchell, John C.; Plotkin, Gordon D. (July 1988). "Abstract Types Have Existential Type" (PDF). ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 10 (3): 470–502. doi:10.1145/44501.45065. S2CID 1222153.

ecma-international.org (Global: low place; English: 8,859^th place)

"4.2.2 The Strict Variant of ECMAScript". ECMAScript® 2020 Language Specification (11th ed.). ECMA. June 2020. ECMA-262.
"8.2.4 Type system unification". C# Language Specification (5th ed.). ECMA. December 2017. ECMA-334.

geeksforgeeks.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Miglani, Gaurav (2018). "Dynamic Method Dispatch or Runtime Polymorphism in Java". Archived from the original on 2020-12-07. Retrieved 2021-03-28.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Wright, Andrew K. (1995). Practical Soft Typing (PhD). Rice University. hdl:1911/16900.

indiana.edu (Global: 2,374^th place; English: 1,453^rd place)

homes.soic.indiana.edu

Siek, Jeremy (24 March 2014). "What is gradual typing?".

infoq.com (Global: 9,906^th place; English: 7,884^th place)

Laucher, Amanda; Snively, Paul (2012). "Types vs Tests". InfoQ.

inria.fr (Global: 6,372^nd place; English: 5,582^nd place)

gallium.inria.fr

"... any sound, decidable type system must be incomplete" —D. Remy (2017). p. 29, Remy, Didier. "Type systems for programming languages" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2013.

kent.ac.uk (Global: 7,023^rd place; English: 4,256^th place)

cs.kent.ac.uk

Turner, D.A. (12 June 2012). "Some History of Functional Programming Languages" (PDF). invited lecture at TFP12, at St Andrews University. See the section on Algol 60.

lucacardelli.name (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cardelli 2004, p. 1: "The fundamental purpose of a type system is to prevent the occurrence of execution errors during the running of a program." Cardelli, Luca (2004). "Type systems" (PDF). In Allen B. Tucker (ed.). CRC Handbook of Computer Science and Engineering (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1584883609.

microsoft.com (Global: 263^rd place; English: 259^th place)

msdn.microsoft.com

"dynamic (C# Reference)". MSDN Library. Microsoft. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
"Strict Mode (JavaScript)". MSDN. Microsoft. Retrieved 2013-07-17.

research.microsoft.com

Meijer, Erik; Drayton, Peter. "Static Typing Where Possible, Dynamic Typing When Needed: The End of the Cold War Between Programming Languages" (PDF). Microsoft Corporation.

mozilla.org (Global: 2,188^th place; English: 2,076^th place)

developer.mozilla.org

"Strict mode – JavaScript". MDN. Developer.mozilla.org. 2013-07-03. Retrieved 2013-07-17.

perl6.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

docs.perl6.org

"Native Types". Perl 6 Documentation.
"Numerics, § Auto-boxing". Perl 6 Documentation.

php.net (Global: 8,178^th place; English: 7,970^th place)

"Strict typing". PHP Manual: Language Reference: Functions.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Xi, Hongwei (1998). Dependent Types in Practical Programming (PhD). Department of Mathematical Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.41.548. {{cite thesis}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Xi, Hongwei; Pfenning, Frank (1999). "Dependent Types in Practical Programming". Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. ACM. pp. 214–227. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.69.2042. doi:10.1145/292540.292560. ISBN 1581130953. S2CID 245490. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Kopylov, Alexei (2003). "Dependent intersection: A new way of defining records in type theory". 18th IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science. LICS 2003. IEEE Computer Society. pp. 86–95. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.89.4223. doi:10.1109/LICS.2003.1210048. {{cite conference}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

rust-lang.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doc.rust-lang.org

"std::any — Rust". doc.rust-lang.org. Retrieved 2021-07-07.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Xi, Hongwei (1998). Dependent Types in Practical Programming (PhD). Department of Mathematical Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.41.548. {{cite thesis}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Xi, Hongwei; Pfenning, Frank (1999). "Dependent Types in Practical Programming". Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. ACM. pp. 214–227. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.69.2042. doi:10.1145/292540.292560. ISBN 1581130953. S2CID 245490. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Mitchell, John C.; Plotkin, Gordon D. (July 1988). "Abstract Types Have Existential Type" (PDF). ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 10 (3): 470–502. doi:10.1145/44501.45065. S2CID 1222153.

stackoverflow.com (Global: 9,249^th place; English: 6,951^st place)

"Sure. It's called "gradual typing", and I would qualify it as trendy. ..." Is there a language that allows both static and dynamic typing?. stackoverflow. 2012.

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

theory.stanford.edu

Mitchell, John C.; Plotkin, Gordon D. (July 1988). "Abstract Types Have Existential Type" (PDF). ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 10 (3): 470–502. doi:10.1145/44501.45065. S2CID 1222153.

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

scheme2006.cs.uchicago.edu

Siek, Jeremy; Taha, Walid (September 2006). Gradual Typing for Functional Languages (PDF). Scheme and Functional Programming 2006. University of Chicago. pp. 81–92.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"... any sound, decidable type system must be incomplete" —D. Remy (2017). p. 29, Remy, Didier. "Type systems for programming languages" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
Miglani, Gaurav (2018). "Dynamic Method Dispatch or Runtime Polymorphism in Java". Archived from the original on 2020-12-07. Retrieved 2021-03-28.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Sethi, R. (1996). Programming languages: Concepts and constructs (2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-201-59065-4. OCLC 604732680.

Type system (English Wikipedia)

acm.org (Global: 1,200th place; English: 821st place)

dl.acm.org

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

bracha.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

ecma-international.org (Global: low place; English: 8,859th place)

geeksforgeeks.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

indiana.edu (Global: 2,374th place; English: 1,453rd place)

homes.soic.indiana.edu

infoq.com (Global: 9,906th place; English: 7,884th place)

inria.fr (Global: 6,372nd place; English: 5,582nd place)

gallium.inria.fr

kent.ac.uk (Global: 7,023rd place; English: 4,256th place)

cs.kent.ac.uk

lucacardelli.name (Global: low place; English: low place)

microsoft.com (Global: 263rd place; English: 259th place)

msdn.microsoft.com

research.microsoft.com

mozilla.org (Global: 2,188th place; English: 2,076th place)

developer.mozilla.org

perl6.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

docs.perl6.org

php.net (Global: 8,178th place; English: 7,970th place)

psu.edu (Global: 299th place; English: 159th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

rust-lang.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doc.rust-lang.org

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

stackoverflow.com (Global: 9,249th place; English: 6,951st place)

stanford.edu (Global: 194th place; English: 182nd place)

theory.stanford.edu

uchicago.edu (Global: 226th place; English: 199th place)

scheme2006.cs.uchicago.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

acm.org (Global: 1,200^th place; English: 821^st place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

ecma-international.org (Global: low place; English: 8,859^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

indiana.edu (Global: 2,374^th place; English: 1,453^rd place)

infoq.com (Global: 9,906^th place; English: 7,884^th place)

inria.fr (Global: 6,372^nd place; English: 5,582^nd place)

kent.ac.uk (Global: 7,023^rd place; English: 4,256^th place)

microsoft.com (Global: 263^rd place; English: 259^th place)

mozilla.org (Global: 2,188^th place; English: 2,076^th place)

php.net (Global: 8,178^th place; English: 7,970^th place)

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

stackoverflow.com (Global: 9,249^th place; English: 6,951^st place)

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)