Ulama (English Wikipedia)

Sayfasi, Hata. "The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey" (PDF). Anayasa.gov.tr. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2017.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Brown, Jonathan A.C. (2014). Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy. Oneworld Publications. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-78074-420-9. The ulama (literally, the learned ones);
Cl. Gilliot; R.C. Repp; K.A. Nizami; M.B. Hooker; Chang-Kuan Lin; J.O. Hunwick (2012). "Ulamā". In P. Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2 ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1278. ISBN 978-90-04-16121-4.
Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2007). The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change. Princeton University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-691-13070-5.
Metcalf, Barbara D. (2002). ""Traditionalist" Islamic activism: Deoband, tablighis, and talibs". In Calhoun, Craig J.; Price, Paul; Timmer, Ashley S. (eds.). Understanding September 11. New York: W. W. Norton / The New Press. pp. 53–66, see p. 55. ISBN 978-1-56584-774-3.
Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2007). The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13070-5. Retrieved 10 September 2015.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Eyyûbî (1991). Menâkib-i Sultan Süleyman (Risâle-i Pâdisçâh-nâme). Translated by Akkuş, Mehmet. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı. ISBN 978-975-17-0757-4.
Tijana Krstić (2011). Contested Conversions to Islam: Narratives of Religious Change in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-8047-7785-8.
Repp, Richard Cooper (1986). The Müfti of Istanbul. A study in the development of the Ottoman learned hierarchy. London: Ithaka Press. p. 307. ISBN 978-0-86372-041-3.
Willem Floor, Edmund Herzig (2015). Iran and the World in the Safavid Age. I.B.Tauris. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-78076-990-5.
Savory, Roger (2007). Iran under the Safavids. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-521-04251-2.
Ghazzal, Zhouhair (15 April 2008). Choueiri, Youssef M. (ed.). A Companion to the History of the Middle East. John Wiley & Sons. p. 81. ISBN 9781405152044. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
Esposito, John (2013). Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics. OUP USA. p. 570. ISBN 9780195395891. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
Ashraf ʻAlī Thānvī, Barbara Daly Metcalf (1992). Perfecting Women: Maulana Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi's Bihishti Zewar. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08093-5.
Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. I.B.Tauris. p. 53. ISBN 9781845112578. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
Zouhair, Ghazzal (15 April 2008). "The Ulama: Status and Function". A Companion to the History of the Middle East. John Wiley & Sons. p. 85. ISBN 9781405152044. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
Commins, David (2009). The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia. I. B. Tauris. pp. 191–2. ISBN 978-1-84511-080-2.
Hanif̉, N. (1997). Islam and Modernity. Sarup & Sons. p. 318. ISBN 9788176250023.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"ʿulamāʾ (Islam)". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 October 2023.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Cl. Gilliot; R.C. Repp; K.A. Nizami; M.B. Hooker; Chang-Kuan Lin; J.O. Hunwick (2012). "Ulamā". In P. Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2 ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1278. ISBN 978-90-04-16121-4.
Makdisi, George (April–June 1989). "Scholasticism and Humanism in Classical Islam and the Christian West". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 109 (2): 175–182 [175–77]. doi:10.2307/604423. JSTOR 604423.
Graham, William (1993). "Traditionalism in Islam: An essay in interpretation". Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 23 (3): 495–522. doi:10.2307/206100. JSTOR 206100.
Ziadeh, Farhat J. (2009). "Uṣūl al-fiqh". In Esposito, John L. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001. ISBN 9780195305135.

ghazali.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Watt, W. Montgomery (1953). The Faith and Practice of Al-Ghazali. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.

iranicaonline.org (Global: 320^th place; English: 308^th place)

Amanat, Abbas (1992). "CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION i. Intellectual background". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VI, Fasc. 2. pp. 163–176.
"Constitutional revolution". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VI, Fasc. 2. 1992. pp. 163–216.

jhu.edu (Global: 560^th place; English: 313^th place)

muse.jhu.edu

Metcalf, Barbara Daly (1982). Islamic revival in British India: Deoband, 1860–1900. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-566049-4.
Metcalf, Barbara Daly (1982). Islamic revival in British India: Deoband, 1860–1900. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 264–296. ISBN 978-0-19-566049-4.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Berkey, Jonathan (1992). The transmission of knowledge in medieval Cairo: A social history of Islamic education. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 44–94. ISBN 978-0-691-63552-1. JSTOR j.ctt7zvxj4.
Makdisi, George (April–June 1989). "Scholasticism and Humanism in Classical Islam and the Christian West". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 109 (2): 175–182 [175–77]. doi:10.2307/604423. JSTOR 604423.
Graham, William (1993). "Traditionalism in Islam: An essay in interpretation". Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 23 (3): 495–522. doi:10.2307/206100. JSTOR 206100.

museumwnf.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

islamicart.museumwnf.org

"Endowment Charter (Waqfiyya) of Haseki Hürrem Sultan". Discover Islamic Art.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Feldman, Noah (16 March 2008). "Why Shariah?". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 October 2008.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Bunglawala, Inayat (March 2011). "Islam must engage with science, not deny it". The Guardian.

themwl.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Memberships of Muslim World League in international institutions and organizations". Muslim World League. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
"The MWL Journal 2019 February Issue" (PDF). The MWL Journal.

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

pmr.uchicago.edu

Stelzer, Steffen A. J. (2008). "Ethics" (PDF). In Winter, Tim J. (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Classical Islamic Theology (3rd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-521-78549-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2017.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Stelzer, Steffen A. J. (2008). "Ethics" (PDF). In Winter, Tim J. (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Classical Islamic Theology (3rd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-521-78549-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
Sayfasi, Hata. "The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey" (PDF). Anayasa.gov.tr. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2017.

Ulama (English Wikipedia)

academia.edu (Global: 105th place; English: 99th place)

ammanmessage.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

anayasa.gov.tr (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37th place; English: 64th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

ghazali.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

iranicaonline.org (Global: 320th place; English: 308th place)

jhu.edu (Global: 560th place; English: 313th place)

muse.jhu.edu

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

museumwnf.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

islamicart.museumwnf.org

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16th place; English: 11th place)

themwl.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 226th place; English: 199th place)

pmr.uchicago.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; English: 99^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

iranicaonline.org (Global: 320^th place; English: 308^th place)

jhu.edu (Global: 560^th place; English: 313^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)