Umayyad invasion of Gaul (English Wikipedia)

Arslan, Shakib (1933). History of the conquests of the Arabs in France, Switzerland, Italy and the Mediterranean islands. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kutub al-Alamiya. Pp. 90.

aljundi.ae

Al-Ghanimi, Abdul Fattah Muqlid (1416 A.H. - 1996 A.D.). The Battle of the Court of the Martyrs, in Islamic and European History (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: World of Books. p. 65-66.

aramcoworld.com

archive.aramcoworld.com

Meadows, Ian. "The Arabs in Occitania", Saudi Aramco World: Arab and Islamic Culture and Connections Archived November 29, 2014 at the Wayback Machine.

archive.org

Coredon، Christopher (2007). A Dictionary of Medieval Terms & Phrases (P. Republishedا). Woodbridge, UK: D. S. Brewer. P. 80. ISBN:978-1-84384-138-8.
Geary, Patrick J. [بالإنجليزية] (1988). Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. P. 56–57. ISBN 0-19-504458-4. Archived from the original 2022-08-07.
Al-Suwaidan, Tariq (1426 A.H. - 2005 A.D.). Atlas of the Illustrated History of Andalusia (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Intellectual Creativity Foundation. Pp. 65. ISBN:9960958426. Archived from the original on March 21, 2015.

ia601308.us.archive.org

Unknown Author; Investigation: Ibrahim al-Ibiary (1410 A.H. - 1989 A.D.). Akhbar al-Gama'a in the Conquest of Al-Andalus and the mention of its rulers, may Allah have mercy on them, and the wars between them (PDF) (2nd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kitab al-Lubnani. Pp. 22-23. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2020.
Unknown Author; Investigation: Ibrahim al-Ibiary (1410 A.H. - 1989 A.D.). Akhbar al-Gama'a in the Conquest of Al-Andalus and the mention of its rulers, may Allah have mercy on them, and the wars between them (PDF) (2nd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kitab al-Lubnani. Pp. 34. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2020.

ia600207.us.archive.org

Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1418 AH-1998 AD). The Court of the Martyrs, under the leadership of Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi (PDF) (3rd revised edition). Damascus, Syria: Dar al-Fikr. Pp. 23. ISBN:1575475030. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2020.

ia802803.us.archive.org

Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). Critical Positions in the History of Islam (PDF) (5th ed.). Hussein Annan, the author's heirs. Pp. 55-56. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 11, 2020. Accessed September 8, 2018.

bibalex.org

dar.bibalex.org

Provencal, Evariste Levi; Translation: Ali Abd al-Raouf al-Bambi, Ali Ibrahim Manoufi and Mr. Abd al-Zahir Abdullah (2000). History of Islamic Spain from the Conquest to the Fall of the Cordoba Caliphate (3rd ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Supreme Council of Culture. Pp. 75. Archived from the original on 2016-01-29.
Provencal, Evariste Levi; Translation: Ali Abd al-Raouf al-Bambi, Ali Ibrahim Manoufi and Mr. Abd al-Zahir Abdullah (2000). History of Islamic Spain from the Conquest to the Fall of the Cordoba Caliphate (3rd ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Supreme Council of Culture. Pp. 72. Archived from the original on 2016-01-29.

dailysabah.com

"Oldest Islamic cemetery found in southern France". Daily Sabah and agencies. Istanbul, Turkey. February 25, 2016. Archived from the original on January 9, 2020. Accessed May 8, 2017.

dar-almanhal.com

Mouanis, Hussein (1423 A.H. - 2002 A.D.). Fajr al-Andalus, a study in the history of Andalusia from the Islamic conquest to the establishment of the Umayyad state (711-756 AD) (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Manhal. Pp. 216.

google.com.eg

books.google.com.eg

Tricolor and crescent: France and the Islamic world by William E. Watson p.1 Archived May 01, 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
Mark Grossman (2007). World military leaders: a biographical dictionary. Facts on File. Pp. 63. ISBN :978-0-8160-4732-1. Archived from the original on 2020-03-13. Accessed June 2, 2011.
Bowlus, Charles R. The Battle of Lechfeld and its Aftermath, August 955: The End of the Age of Migrations in the Latin West Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006, pg. 49 ISBN 0-7546-5470-2, ISBN 978-0-7546-5470-4 Archived 03 December 2016 on Wayback machine.
Hooper, Nicholas / Bennett, Matthew. The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: the Middle Ages Cambridge University Pres s, 1996, pp. 12-13 ISBN 0-521-44049-1, ISBN 978-0-521-44049-3 Archived December 04, 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
Renault, Joseph; Arabicized by Dr. Ismail Elaraby (1984). The Islamic Conquests in France, Italy and Switzerland in the Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Centuries AD ( 1st ed.). Algiers, Algeria: Dar al-Haditha. Pp. 53.
Al-Adawi, Ibrahim Ahmed (1960). Muslims and Germans: Islam in the Western Mediterranean (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Dar al-Maarifa. Pp. 182.
Al-Adawi, Ibrahim Ahmed (1960). Muslims and Germans: Islam in the Western Mediterranean (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Dar al-Maarifa. Pp. 184-185.
Al-Adawi, Ibrahim Ahmed (1960). Muslims and Germans: Islam in the Western Mediterranean (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Dar al-Maarifa. Pp. 185.
Al-Adawi, Ibrahim Ahmed (1960). Muslims and Germans: Islam in the Western Mediterranean (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Dar al-Maarifa. Pp. 189.
Renault, Joseph; Arabicized by Dr. Ismail Elaraby (1984). The Islamic conquests in France, Italy and Switzerland in the eighth, ninth and tenth centuries A D (1st ed.). Algiers, Algeria: Dar al-Haditha. Pp. 66.
Renault, Joseph; Arabicized by Dr. Ismail Elaraby (1984). T he Islamic conquests in France, Italy and Switzerland in the eighth, ninth and tenth centuries AD (1st ed.). Algiers, Algeria: Dar al-Haditha. Pp. 67.

jewishvirtuallibrary.org

"The Virtual Jewish History Tour, France". Jewish Virtual Library. Archived from the original on 2016-12-05.

masrawy.com

Hani Dawah (Thursday, March 16, 2017). "Video and photos... A cemetery reveals the Muslim conquest of France in the eighth century". Masrawy. Archived from the original on April 17, 2017. Accessed on May 8, 2017.

noor-book.com

Mouanis, Hussein (1423 A.H. - 2002 A.D.). Fajr al-Andalus, a study in the history of Andalusia from the Islamic conquest to the establishment of the Umayyad state (711-756 AD) (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Manhal. Pp. 246.
Arslan, Shakib (1933). History of the conquests of the Arabs in France, Switzerland, Italy and the Mediterranean islands. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kutub al-Alamiya. Pp. 73.
Baydoun, Ibrahim (1986). History of the Arab State in Spain from the Conquest to the Fall of the Caliphate (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiya. Pp. 153.
Mouanis, Hussein (1423 A.H. - 2002 A.D.). Fajr al-Andalus, a study in the history of Andalusia from the Islamic conquest to the establishment of the Umayyad state (711-756 AD) (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Manhal. Pp. 251.
Mouanis, Hussein (1423 A.H. - 2002 A.D.). Fajr al-Andalus, a study in the history of Andalusia from the Islamic conquest to the establishment of the Umayyad state (711-756 AD) (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Manhal. Pp. 257.
Al-Hajji, Abd al-Rahman Ali (1402 AH-1981 AD). Andalusian History, from the Islamic Conquest to the Fall of Granada 92-897 AH (711-1492 AD) (2nd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Qalam. Pp. 193.
Al-Hajji, Abd al-Rahman Ali (1402 AH-1981 AD). Andalusian History, from the Islamic Conquest to the Fall of Granada 92-897 AH (711-1492 AD) (2nd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Qalam. Pp. 205.
Al-Ghanimi, Abdul Fattah Muqlid (1416 A.H. - 1996 A.D.). The Battle of the Court of the Martyrs, in Islamic and European History (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: World of Books. p. 64.
Al-Hajji, Abd al-Rahman Ali (1402 AH-1981 AD). Andalusian History, from the Islamic Conquest to the Fall of Granada 92-897 AH (711-1492 AD) (2nd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Qalam. Pp. 196.
Arslan, Shakib (1933). History of the conquests of the Arabs in France, Switzerland, Italy and the Mediterranean islands. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kutub al-Alamiya. Pp. 104.
Mouanis, Hussein (1423 A.H. - 2002 A.D.). Fajr al-Andalus, a study in the history of Andalusia from the Islamic conquest to the establishment of the Umayyad state (711-756 AD) (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Manhal. Pp. 337.
Mouanis, Hussein (1423 A.H. - 2002 A.D.). Fajr al-Andalus, a study in the history of Andalusia from the Islamic conquest to the establishment of the Umayyad state (711-756 AD) (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Manhal. Pp. 340.
Taqoush, Muhammad Suhail (1431 AH - 2010 AD). History of the Muslims in Andalusia: 91 - 897 AH / 710 - 1492 AD (3rd edition). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Nafaas. Pp. 130. ISBN:9789953184128.
Mouanis, Hussein (1423 A.H. - 2002 A.D.). Fajr al-Andalus, a study in the history of Andalusia from the Islamic conquest to the establishment of the Umayyad state (711-756 AD) (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Manhal. Pp. 343.
Arslan, Shakib (1933). History of the conquests of the Arabs in France, Switzerland, Italy and the Mediterranean islands. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kutub al-Alamiya. Pp. 113.

shamela.ws

Shihab al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1900). Nafh al-Tayyib Mun Ghasn al-Andalus al-Rutayb, and the mention of its minister, San al-Din ibn al-Khatib (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Sadr. C. Part I. Pp. 53. Archived from the original on March 15, 2019. Accessed on April 9, 2017. It says: "Musa completed the conquest, and penetrated into Andalusia to Barcelona in the east, Arbona in the hollow, and the fountain of Cadiz in the west, and circumnavigated its territories, collected its booty, and made up his mind to come to the East from the direction of Constantinople, and bypass to the Levant his paths and those of Andalusia, and wade through the nations of the Christian Arabs between them, fighting against them, and pleading with them."
Ibn Athari, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1983). Al-Bayan al-Maghrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib by Ibn Athari (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kultura. C. Part II. p. 16. Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Accessed April 9, 2017. It states: "It is reported that Musa left Toledo as a conqueror, conquering cities until Andalusia belonged to him. The people of Galilee came to him asking for peace; he reconciled with them. He conquered the country of the Bashkuns, and penetrated deep into their country until he came to people like beasts. He conquered the lands of the Franks. Then he went to Zaragoza, where he captured an unknown amount of land."
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 53. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Ibn Athari, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1983). Al-Bayan al-Maghrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib by Ibn Athari (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kultura. C. Part II. p. 26. Archived from the original on 2019-05-04. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Ibn Athari, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1983). Al-Bayan al-Maghrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib by Ibn Athari (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kultura. C. Part II. p. 26. Archived from the original on 2019-05-04. Accessed on April 29, 2017.
Ibn Athari, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1983). Al-Bayan al-Maghrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib by Ibn Athari (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kultura. C. Part II. p. 27. Archived from the original on 2019-05-04. Accessed on April 29, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 82. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Ibn Athari, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1983). Al-Bayan al-Maghrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib by Ibn Athari (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kultura. C. Part II. p. 27. Archived from the original on 2019-05-04. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 84. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Ibn Khaldun, Abu Zayd Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad (1408 AH - 1988 AD). Diwan al-Mubtada' wa al-Khabar in the History of the Arabs and Berbers and those of their contemporaries of great importance (2nd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Fikr. C. Part IV. Pp. 152. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Accessed April 10, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 99. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 106. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 115. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). T he State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 116. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 10, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). T he State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 133. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 10, 2017.
Ibn al-Abbar, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr al-Qa'adhi al-Balansi (1985). Al-Halla al-Sira'a (2nd ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Dar al-Maarif. C. Part II. p. 355. Archived from the original on 2019-04-27. Accessed on April 10, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 137. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 10, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. pp. 477-479. Archived from the original on May 11, 2020. Accessed on April 9, 2017.

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Tricolor and crescent: France and the Islamic world by William E. Watson p.1 Archived May 01, 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 80. Archived from the original on April 10, 2017. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Mark Grossman (2007). World military leaders: a biographical dictionary. Facts on File. Pp. 63. ISBN :978-0-8160-4732-1. Archived from the original on 2020-03-13. Accessed June 2, 2011.
Strauss, Gustave Louis M. (1854) Moslem und Frank; oder, Charles Martel und die Rettung Europas, Oxford, GBR:Oxford University Press, siehe [1], Zugriff am 2. August 2015. Archived 24 Dec, 2016 on Wayback Machine.
"The Virtual Jewish History Tour, France". Jewish Virtual Library. Archived from the original on 2016-12-05.
Bowlus, Charles R. The Battle of Lechfeld and its Aftermath, August 955: The End of the Age of Migrations in the Latin West Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006, pg. 49 ISBN 0-7546-5470-2, ISBN 978-0-7546-5470-4 Archived 03 December 2016 on Wayback machine.
Hooper, Nicholas / Bennett, Matthew. The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: the Middle Ages Cambridge University Pres s, 1996, pp. 12-13 ISBN 0-521-44049-1, ISBN 978-0-521-44049-3 Archived December 04, 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 74. Archived from the original on 2017-04-11. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Unknown Author; Investigation: Ibrahim al-Ibiary (1410 A.H. - 1989 A.D.). Akhbar al-Gama'a in the Conquest of Al-Andalus and the mention of its rulers, may Allah have mercy on them, and the wars between them (PDF) (2nd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kitab al-Lubnani. Pp. 22-23. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2020.
Ibn Athari, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1983). Al-Bayan al-Maghrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib by Ibn Athari (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kultura. C. Part II. p. 26. Archived from the original on 2019-05-04. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Ibn Athari, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1983). Al-Bayan al-Maghrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib by Ibn Athari (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kultura. C. Part II. p. 26. Archived from the original on 2019-05-04. Accessed on April 29, 2017.
Unknown Author; Investigation: Ibrahim al-Ibiary (1410 A.H. - 1989 A.D.). Akhbar al-Gama'a in the Conquest of Al-Andalus and the mention of its rulers, may Allah have mercy on them, and the wars between them (PDF) (2nd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kitab al-Lubnani. Pp. 34. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2020.
Ibn Athari, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1983). Al-Bayan al-Maghrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib by Ibn Athari (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kultura. C. Part II. p. 27. Archived from the original on 2019-05-04. Accessed on April 29, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 82. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Ibn Athari, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1983). Al-Bayan al-Maghrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib by Ibn Athari (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kultura. C. Part II. p. 27. Archived from the original on 2019-05-04. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Meadows, Ian. "The Arabs in Occitania", Saudi Aramco World: Arab and Islamic Culture and Connections Archived November 29, 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 84. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Ibn Khaldun, Abu Zayd Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad (1408 AH - 1988 AD). Diwan al-Mubtada' wa al-Khabar in the History of the Arabs and Berbers and those of their contemporaries of great importance (2nd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Fikr. C. Part IV. Pp. 152. Archived from the original on May 4, 2019. Accessed April 10, 2017.
Provencal, Evariste Levi; Translation: Ali Abd al-Raouf al-Bambi, Ali Ibrahim Manoufi and Mr. Abd al-Zahir Abdullah (2000). History of Islamic Spain from the Conquest to the Fall of the Cordoba Caliphate (3rd ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Supreme Council of Culture. Pp. 75. Archived from the original on 2016-01-29.
Al-Suwaidan, Tariq (1426 A.H. - 2005 A.D.). Atlas of the Illustrated History of Andalusia (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Intellectual Creativity Foundation. Pp. 65. ISBN:9960958426. Archived from the original on March 21, 2015.
Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1418 AH-1998 AD). The Court of the Martyrs, under the leadership of Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi (PDF) (3rd revised edition). Damascus, Syria: Dar al-Fikr. Pp. 23. ISBN:1575475030. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 9, 2020.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 90. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 10, 2017.
Provencal, Evariste Levi; Translation: Ali Abd al-Raouf al-Bambi, Ali Ibrahim Manoufi and Mr. Abd al-Zahir Abdullah (2000). History of Islamic Spain from the Conquest to the Fall of the Cordoba Caliphate (3rd ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Supreme Council of Culture. Pp. 72. Archived from the original on 2016-01-29.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 99. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 106. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 115. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). T he State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 116. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 10, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). T he State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 133. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 10, 2017.
Ibn al-Abbar, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr al-Qa'adhi al-Balansi (1985). Al-Halla al-Sira'a (2nd ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Dar al-Maarif. C. Part II. p. 355. Archived from the original on 2019-04-27. Accessed on April 10, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 137. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 10, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. pp. 477-479. Archived from the original on May 11, 2020. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). Critical Positions in the History of Islam (PDF) (5th ed.). Hussein Annan, the author's heirs. Pp. 55-56. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 11, 2020. Accessed September 8, 2018.
"In pictures: Medieval graves found in France towards Mecca!". News Now. Dubai, United Arab Emirates. March 3, 2016. Archived from the original on January 9, 2020. Accessed May 8, 2017.
"Oldest Islamic cemetery found in southern France". Daily Sabah and agencies. Istanbul, Turkey. February 25, 2016. Archived from the original on January 9, 2020. Accessed May 8, 2017.
Hani Dawah (Thursday, March 16, 2017). "Video and photos... A cemetery reveals the Muslim conquest of France in the eighth century". Masrawy. Archived from the original on April 17, 2017. Accessed on May 8, 2017.

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ar.wikipedia.org

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Carolingians" . Encyclopædia Britannica (بالإنجليزية) (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 80. Archived from the original on April 10, 2017. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Mark Grossman (2007). World military leaders: a biographical dictionary. Facts on File. Pp. 63. ISBN :978-0-8160-4732-1. Archived from the original on 2020-03-13. Accessed June 2, 2011.
Wickham, Chris [بالإنجليزية] (2009). The Inheritance of Rome: Illuminating the Dark Ages 400–1000. New York: Penguin Books. ص. 204–210. ISBN:978-0-14-311742-1.
Omran, Mahmoud Said. Milestones of the History of Europe in the Middle Ages (2nd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Arab Renaissance House. pp. 93-94; 96.
Henri Pirenne (2001). Mahomet et Charlemagne (Nachdruck des Klassikers von 1937) (بالفرنسية). Dover Publications. S. 123-128. ISBN :0-486-42011-6.
Henri Pirenne (2001). Mahomet et Charlemagne (Nachdruck des Klassikers von 1937) (بالفرنسية). Dover Publications. S. 123-128. ISBN:0-486-42011-6.
Bowlus, Charles R. The Battle of Lechfeld and its Aftermath, August 955: The End of the Age of Migrations in the Latin West Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006, pg. 49 ISBN 0-7546-5470-2, ISBN 978-0-7546-5470-4 Archived 03 December 2016 on Wayback machine.
Hooper, Nicholas / Bennett, Matthew. The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: the Middle Ages Cambridge University Pres s, 1996, pp. 12-13 ISBN 0-521-44049-1, ISBN 978-0-521-44049-3 Archived December 04, 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
Coredon، Christopher (2007). A Dictionary of Medieval Terms & Phrases (P. Republishedا). Woodbridge, UK: D. S. Brewer. P. 80. ISBN:978-1-84384-138-8.
Geary, Patrick J. [بالإنجليزية] (1988). Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. P. 56–57. ISBN 0-19-504458-4. Archived from the original 2022-08-07.
Taqoush, Muhammad Suhail (1431 AH - 2010 AD). History of the Muslims in Andalusia: 91 - 897 AH / 710 - 1492 AD (3rd edition). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Nafaas. p. 115. ISBN:9789953184128.
Baydoun, Ibrahim (1986). History of the Arab State in Spain from the Conquest to the Fall of the Caliphate (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiya. Pp. 146-147.
Shihab al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1900). Nafh al-Tayyib Mun Ghasn al-Andalus al-Rutayb, and the mention of its minister, San al-Din ibn al-Khatib (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Sadr. C. Part I. Pp. 53. Archived from the original on March 15, 2019. Accessed on April 9, 2017. It says: "Musa completed the conquest, and penetrated into Andalusia to Barcelona in the east, Arbona in the hollow, and the fountain of Cadiz in the west, and circumnavigated its territories, collected its booty, and made up his mind to come to the East from the direction of Constantinople, and bypass to the Levant his paths and those of Andalusia, and wade through the nations of the Christian Arabs between them, fighting against them, and pleading with them."
Ibn Athari, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1983). Al-Bayan al-Maghrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib by Ibn Athari (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kultura. C. Part II. p. 16. Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Accessed April 9, 2017. It states: "It is reported that Musa left Toledo as a conqueror, conquering cities until Andalusia belonged to him. The people of Galilee came to him asking for peace; he reconciled with them. He conquered the country of the Bashkuns, and penetrated deep into their country until he came to people like beasts. He conquered the lands of the Franks. Then he went to Zaragoza, where he captured an unknown amount of land."
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 53. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
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Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 74. Archived from the original on 2017-04-11. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Taqoush, Muhammad Suhail (1431 AH - 2010 AD). History of the Muslims in Andalusia: 91 - 897 AH / 710 - 1492 AD (3rd edition). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Nafaas. p. 116. ISBN:9789953184128.
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Taqoush, Muhammad Suhail (1431 AH - 2010 AD). History of the Muslims in Andalusia: 91 - 897 AH / 710 - 1492 AD (3rd edition). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Nafaas. Pp. 117. ISBN:9789953184128.
Taqoush, Muhammad Suhail (1431 AH - 2010 AD). History of the Muslims in Andalusia: 91 - 897 AH / 710 - 1492 AD (3rd edition). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Nafaas. Pp. 117. ISBN:9789953184128.
Mouanis, Hussein (1423 A.H. - 2002 A.D.). Fajr al-Andalus, a study in the history of Andalusia from the Islamic conquest to the establishment of the Umayyad state (711-756 AD) (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Manhal. Pp. 245.
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Ibn Athari, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1983). Al-Bayan al-Maghrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib by Ibn Athari (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kultura. C. Part II. p. 26. Archived from the original on 2019-05-04. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Ibn Athari, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1983). Al-Bayan al-Maghrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib by Ibn Athari (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kultura. C. Part II. p. 26. Archived from the original on 2019-05-04. Accessed on April 29, 2017.
Taqoush, Muhammad Suhail (1431 AH - 2010 AD). History of the Muslims in Andalusia: 91 - 897 AH / 710 - 1492 AD (3rd edition). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Nafaas. p. 118. ISBN:9789953184128.
Ibn Athari, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1983). Al-Bayan al-Maghrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib by Ibn Athari (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kultura. C. Part II. p. 27. Archived from the original on 2019-05-04. Accessed on April 29, 2017.
Taqoush, Muhammad Suhail (1431 AH - 2010 AD). History of the Muslims in Andalusia: 91 - 897 AH / 710 - 1492 AD (3rd edition). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Nafaas. p. 118. ISBN:9789953184128.
Mouanis, Hussein (1423 A.H. - 2002 A.D.). Fajr al-Andalus, a study in the history of Andalusia from the Islamic conquest to the establishment of the Umayyad state (711-756 AD) (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Manhal. Pp. 246.
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Ibn Athari, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad (1983). Al-Bayan al-Maghrib fi Akhbar al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib by Ibn Athari (3rd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kultura. C. Part II. p. 27. Archived from the original on 2019-05-04. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
Taqoush, Muhammad Suhail (1431 AH - 2010 AD). History of the Muslims in Andalusia: 91 - 897 AH / 710 - 1492 AD (3rd edition). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Nafaas. Pp. 122. ISBN:9789953184128.
Mouanis, Hussein (1423 A.H. - 2002 A.D.). Fajr al-Andalus, a study in the history of Andalusia from the Islamic conquest to the establishment of the Umayyad state (711-756 AD) (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Manhal. Pp. 251.
Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 84. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 9, 2017.
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Taqoush, Muhammad Suhail (1431 AH - 2010 AD). History of the Muslims in Andalusia: 91 - 897 AH / 710 - 1492 AD (3rd edition). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Nafaas. p. 77. ISBN:9789953184128.
Provencal, Evariste Levi; Translation: Ali Abd al-Raouf al-Bambi, Ali Ibrahim Manoufi and Mr. Abd al-Zahir Abdullah (2000). History of Islamic Spain from the Conquest to the Fall of the Cordoba Caliphate (3rd ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Supreme Council of Culture. Pp. 75. Archived from the original on 2016-01-29.
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Annan, Muhammad Abdullah (1417 A.H. - 1997 A.D.). The State of Islam in Andalusia (4th ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Al-Khanji Library. C. Part I. p. 90. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Accessed on April 10, 2017.
Provencal, Evariste Levi; Translation: Ali Abd al-Raouf al-Bambi, Ali Ibrahim Manoufi and Mr. Abd al-Zahir Abdullah (2000). History of Islamic Spain from the Conquest to the Fall of the Cordoba Caliphate (3rd ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Supreme Council of Culture. Pp. 72. Archived from the original on 2016-01-29.
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Mouanis, Hussein (1423 A.H. - 2002 A.D.). Fajr al-Andalus, a study in the history of Andalusia from the Islamic conquest to the establishment of the Umayyad state (711-756 AD) (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Manhal. Pp. 216.
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Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Carolingians" . Encyclopædia Britannica (بالإنجليزية) (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.