Unethical human experimentation in the United States (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Unethical human experimentation in the United States" in English language version.

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Brian Ross (May 23, 2007). "Test of Controversial Artificial Blood Product a Failure". ABC News, "The Blotter".

ahrp.org

"Theory improved treatment and understanding of stuttering:" Ethics concerns led researchers to conceal the experiment Decades later, the experiment's victims struggle to make sense of their past Archived July 12, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Jim Dyer, San Jose Mercury News, Monday, June 11, 2001 (Retrieved February 17, 2010)

annals.org

Reviews and Notes: History of Medicine: Subjected to Science: Human Experimentation in America before the Second World War, Annals of Internal Medicine, American College of Physicians, July 15, 1995, vol. 123 no. 2 159

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[2], Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, 1985
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Exposure of the American people to Iodine-131 from Nevada nuclear-bomb tests: review of the National Cancer Institute report and public health implications. National Academies Press. 1999. pp. 113–114. ISBN 978-0-309-06175-9. – deaths taken from 90% survival rate, applied to # of cases
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Grodin & Glantz, 1994: p. 14
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Cina & Perper, 2010: p. 94
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Hornblum, 1999: p. 76
Rothman, 1992: p.36
Moreno, 2001: pp. 233–234
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Howard Gordon Wilshire; Jane E. Nielson; Richard W. Hazlett (2008). The American West at Risk: Science, Myths, and Politics of Land Abuse and Recovery. Oxford University Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-0-19-514205-1.
Cole, 1996: p. 17
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Hornblum, 1998: p. 91
Frederick Adolf Paola; Robert Walker; Lois Lacivita Nixon, eds. (2009). Medical Ethics and Humanities. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 185–186. ISBN 978-0-7637-6063-2.
Offit, Paul A. (2007). The Cutter Incident: How America's First Polio Vaccine Led to the Growing Vaccine Crisis. Yale University Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-300-12605-1.
Blum, William (2006). Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower. Zed Books. pp. 150–151. ISBN 978-1-84277-827-2.
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Loue, 2000: pp. 26–29
Blum, William (2006). Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower. Zed Books. pp. 152–154. ISBN 978-1-84277-827-2.
Moreno, 2001: p. 234
Cina & Perper, 2010: p. 95
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Loue, 2000: pp. 19–23
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Eckart, 2006: p. 263
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Stewart A. Farber (March 12, 1996). "Nasal Radium Irradiation: Bad Science, Bad Medicine, Bad Ethics". Testimony to U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs (ACHRE hearings). Washington DC: US Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-7881-4869-9.
LeBaron, Wayne D. (1998). America's nuclear legacy. Nova Publishers. p. 105. ISBN 978-1-56072-556-5.
LeBaron, Wayne D. (1998). America's nuclear legacy. Nova Publishers. pp. 99–100. ISBN 978-1-56072-556-5.
Moreno, 2001: pp. 40–43
Freeman, Karen (December 1991). "The Unfought Chemical War". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 47 (10): 30–39. Bibcode:1991BuAtS..47j..30F. doi:10.1080/00963402.1991.11460053.
Pechura, Constance M.; Rall, David P., eds. (1993). Veterans at Risk: the health effects of mustard gas and Lewisite. National Academies Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-309-04832-3.
Cina & Perper, 2010: p. 96
Mangold, Tom; Goldberg, Jeff (2000). Plague wars: a true story of biological warfare. Macmillan. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-312-20353-5.
Pechura, Constance M. and Rall, David P. Veterans at Risk: The Health Effects of Mustard Gas and Lewisite, (Google Books), U.S. Institute of Medicine: Committee to Survey the Health Effects of Mustard Gas and Lewisite, National Academies Press, 1993, p. 379–80, (ISBN 0-309-04832-X)
Moreno, Jonathan D. Undue Risk: Secret State Experiments on Humans, (Google Books), Routledge, 2001, pp. 179–80, (ISBN 0-415-92835-4)
Hornblum, 1998: p. 216
Cina & Perper, 2010: pp. 92–93
Harriet A. Washington, 2006: Medical Apartheid (pp. 249–262)
Hornblum, 1998: p. 320
Otterman, 2007: p. 23
Otterman, 2007: pp. 21–22
John S. Friedman, ed. (2005). The Secret Histories: Hidden Truths that Challenged the Past and Changed the World. Macmillan. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-312-42517-3.
Cole, 1996: pp. 31–32
McCoy, 2006: pp. 28–30
Goliszek, 2003: p. 155
Otterman, 2007: pp. 24–25
Otterman, 2007: pp. 45–47
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Otterman, 2007: p. 27
McCoy, 2006: pp. 50–53
Mohr, Clarence L.; Joseph E. Gordon (2001). Tulane: the emergence of a modern university, 1945–1980. LSU Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-8071-2553-3.
Dischereit, Gabriel (March 2014). The Stanford Prison Experiment: A Psychological Experiment about the Exploration of Human Behavior Under Imprisonment. Bod Third Party Titles. ISBN 978-3-656-61393-0.
Loue, 2000: p. 30
Washington, 2008: pp. 60–63
Savitt, Todd Lee (2002). Medicine and Slavery: The Diseases and Health Care of Blacks in Antebellum Virginia. University of Illinois Press. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-252-00874-0.
Shamoo & Resnick, 2009: p. 239
Cina & Perper, 2010: p. 92
Levine, Robert J. "Ethics and regulation of clinical research, 2nd ed". Yale University Press, 1986, p.71-72. ISBN 0-8067-1112-4
Henry N. Pontell; Gilbert Geis, eds. (2007). International Handbook of White-Collar and Corporate Crime. Springer. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-387-34110-1.

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"U.S. sorry for Guatemala syphilis experiment". CBC News. October 1, 2010.

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"Johns Hopkins Univ. Faces $1 Billion Lawsuit Over STD Study". CBS Baltimore. April 1, 2015.

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defense.gov

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"Report on Search for Human Radiation Experiment Records" (PDF). U.S. Department of Defense. June 1997.

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"How the U.S. Government Exposed Thousands of Americans to Lethal Bacteria to Test Biological Warfare", Democracy Now!, July 13, 2005
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"Plutonium Files: How the U.S. Secretly Fed Radioactivity to Thousands of Americans", Democracy Now!, May 5, 2004
Experiments in Torture: Medical Group Accuses CIA of Carrying Out Illegal Human Experimentation, Democracy Now!, June 8, 2010
"California Jail to Test Ray Gun on Prisoners". Democracy Now!. August 23, 2010.

doe.gov

eh.doe.gov

"Final report of ACHRE". Eh.doe.gov. Archived from the original on December 12, 2006. Retrieved December 16, 2012.

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Blue Ethan (2009). "The Strange Career of Leo Stanley: Remaking Manhood and Medicine at San Quentin State Penitentiary, 1913–1951". Pacific Historical Review. 78 (2): 210–241. doi:10.1525/phr.2009.78.2.210. JSTOR 10.1525/phr.2009.78.2.210.
Knowles, Frank Crazier (1909). "Molluscum contagiosum: report of an institutional epidemic of fiftynine cases". Journal of the American Medical Association. 53: 671–3. doi:10.1001/jama.1909.92550090002002a.
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Danielle Gordon (January 1996). "The Verdict: No harm, no foul". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 52 (1): 32–40. Bibcode:1996BuAtS..52a..32G. doi:10.1080/00963402.1996.11456587.
Freeman, Karen (December 1991). "The Unfought Chemical War". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 47 (10): 30–39. Bibcode:1991BuAtS..47j..30F. doi:10.1080/00963402.1991.11460053.
Baumeister, Alan A. (2000). "The Tulane Electrical Brain Stimulation Program. A historical Case Study in Medical Ethics". Journal of the History of the Neurosciences. 9 (3): 262–278. doi:10.1076/jhin.9.3.262.1787. PMID 11232368. S2CID 38336466.
Lieberman JA, Kane JM, Gadaleta D, Brenner R, Lesser MS, Kinon B (1984). "Methylphenidate challenge as a predictor of relapse in schizophrenia". Am J Psychiatry. 141 (5): 633–8. doi:10.1176/ajp.141.5.633. PMID 6143506.
Lieberman JA, Kane JM, Sarantakos S, Gadaleta D, Woerner M, Alvir J, Ramos-Lorenzi J (1987). "Prediction of relapse in schizophrenia". Arch Gen Psychiatry. 44 (7): 597–603. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800190013002. PMID 2886110.
Robinson D, Mayerhoff D, Alvir J, Cooper T, Lieberman J (1991). "Mood responses of remitted schizophrenics to methylphenidate infusion". Psychopharmacology. 105 (2): 247–52. doi:10.1007/bf02244317. PMID 1796130. S2CID 21625597.
Lieberman JA, Alvir J, Geisler S, Ramos-Lorenzi J, Woerner M, Novacenko H, Cooper T, Kane JM (1994). "Methylphenidate response, psychopathology and tardive dyskinesia as predictors of relapse in schizophrenia". Neuropsychopharmacology. 11 (2): 107–18. doi:10.1038/npp.1994.40. PMID 7840862.
Koreen AR, Lieberman JA, Alvir J, Chakos M (1997). "The behavioral effect of m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) and methylphenidate in first-episode schizophrenia and normal controls". Neuropsychopharmacology. 16 (1): 61–8. doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(96)00160-1. PMID 8981389.
Goldzieher JW, Moses LE, Averkin E, Scheel C, Taber BZ (September 1971). "A placebo-controlled double-blind crossover investigation of the side effects attributed to oral contraceptives". Fertil Steril. 22 (9): 609–23. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)38469-2. PMID 4105854.
Veatch RM (1971). "Experimental pregnancy: the ethical complexities of experimentation with oral contraceptives". Hastings Cent. Rep. (1): 2–3. doi:10.2307/3561863. JSTOR 3561863. PMID 4137658.

druglibrary.org

APPENDIX C: Documents Referring To Subprojects – 1977 Senate MKULTRA Hearing (Retrieved February 18, 2010)
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energy.gov

hss.energy.gov

ACHRE Report:New Ethical Questions for Medical Researchers Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
"In 1949, the AEC undertook Project GABRIEL, a secret effort to study the question of whether the tests could threaten the viability of life on earth. In 1953, Gabriel led to Project Sunshine..."
U.S. Department of Energy, "Report on Project Gabriel", July 1954

ehss.energy.gov

"DOE Openness: Human Radiation Experiments: Roadmap to the Project: Experiments List". Office of Environment, Health, Safety and Security (EHSS). U.S. Department of Energy. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved February 23, 2024.

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Danielle Gordon (January 1996). "The Verdict: No harm, no foul". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 52 (1): 32–40. Bibcode:1996BuAtS..52a..32G. doi:10.1080/00963402.1996.11456587.
Freeman, Karen (December 1991). "The Unfought Chemical War". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 47 (10): 30–39. Bibcode:1991BuAtS..47j..30F. doi:10.1080/00963402.1991.11460053.

hornblum.com

Hornblum Allen M.; Newman Judith Lynn; Dober Gregory J. (2013). Against Their Will: The Secret History of Medical Experimentation on Children in Cold War America. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-34171-5.

jstor.org

Blue Ethan (2009). "The Strange Career of Leo Stanley: Remaking Manhood and Medicine at San Quentin State Penitentiary, 1913–1951". Pacific Historical Review. 78 (2): 210–241. doi:10.1525/phr.2009.78.2.210. JSTOR 10.1525/phr.2009.78.2.210.
Veatch RM (1971). "Experimental pregnancy: the ethical complexities of experimentation with oral contraceptives". Hastings Cent. Rep. (1): 2–3. doi:10.2307/3561863. JSTOR 3561863. PMID 4137658.

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Baumeister, Alan A. (2000). "The Tulane Electrical Brain Stimulation Program. A historical Case Study in Medical Ethics". Journal of the History of the Neurosciences. 9 (3): 262–278. doi:10.1076/jhin.9.3.262.1787. PMID 11232368. S2CID 38336466.
Lieberman JA, Kane JM, Gadaleta D, Brenner R, Lesser MS, Kinon B (1984). "Methylphenidate challenge as a predictor of relapse in schizophrenia". Am J Psychiatry. 141 (5): 633–8. doi:10.1176/ajp.141.5.633. PMID 6143506.
Lieberman JA, Kane JM, Sarantakos S, Gadaleta D, Woerner M, Alvir J, Ramos-Lorenzi J (1987). "Prediction of relapse in schizophrenia". Arch Gen Psychiatry. 44 (7): 597–603. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800190013002. PMID 2886110.
Jody D, Lieberman JA, Geisler S, Szymanski S, Alvir JM (1990). "Behavioral response to methylphenidate and treatment outcome in first episode schizophrenia". Psychopharmacol Bull. 26 (2): 224–30. PMID 2236460.
Robinson D, Mayerhoff D, Alvir J, Cooper T, Lieberman J (1991). "Mood responses of remitted schizophrenics to methylphenidate infusion". Psychopharmacology. 105 (2): 247–52. doi:10.1007/bf02244317. PMID 1796130. S2CID 21625597.
Lieberman JA, Alvir J, Geisler S, Ramos-Lorenzi J, Woerner M, Novacenko H, Cooper T, Kane JM (1994). "Methylphenidate response, psychopathology and tardive dyskinesia as predictors of relapse in schizophrenia". Neuropsychopharmacology. 11 (2): 107–18. doi:10.1038/npp.1994.40. PMID 7840862.
Koreen AR, Lieberman JA, Alvir J, Chakos M (1997). "The behavioral effect of m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) and methylphenidate in first-episode schizophrenia and normal controls". Neuropsychopharmacology. 16 (1): 61–8. doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(96)00160-1. PMID 8981389.
Goldzieher JW, Moses LE, Averkin E, Scheel C, Taber BZ (September 1971). "A placebo-controlled double-blind crossover investigation of the side effects attributed to oral contraceptives". Fertil Steril. 22 (9): 609–23. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)38469-2. PMID 4105854.
Veatch RM (1971). "Experimental pregnancy: the ethical complexities of experimentation with oral contraceptives". Hastings Cent. Rep. (1): 2–3. doi:10.2307/3561863. JSTOR 3561863. PMID 4137658.

nybooks.com

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phrtorturepapers.org

Experiments in Torture: Human Subject Research and Experimentation in the "Enhanced" Interrogation Program, Physicians for Human Rights, June 2010
See also:
*Related Publications
*Outside Academic Experts Respond to Experiments in Torture
*Complaint to Office of Human Research Protections Regarding Evidence of CIA Violations of Common Rule
*Experiments in Torture (video)

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Dober, Gregory "Cheaper than Chimpanzees: Expanding the Use of Prisoners in Medical Experiments", Prison Legal News, Vol. 19 No. 3, March 2008

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Baumeister, Alan A. (2000). "The Tulane Electrical Brain Stimulation Program. A historical Case Study in Medical Ethics". Journal of the History of the Neurosciences. 9 (3): 262–278. doi:10.1076/jhin.9.3.262.1787. PMID 11232368. S2CID 38336466.
Robinson D, Mayerhoff D, Alvir J, Cooper T, Lieberman J (1991). "Mood responses of remitted schizophrenics to methylphenidate infusion". Psychopharmacology. 105 (2): 247–52. doi:10.1007/bf02244317. PMID 1796130. S2CID 21625597.

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See also:
*Related Publications
*Outside Academic Experts Respond to Experiments in Torture
*Complaint to Office of Human Research Protections Regarding Evidence of CIA Violations of Common Rule
*Experiments in Torture (video)
Accounting for Torture: Being Faithful to our Values, (video) National Religious Campaign Against Torture (cited by PHR)

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