Ungulate (English Wikipedia)

Hall, Brian K. (2005). "Antlers". Bones and Cartilage: Developmental and Evolutionary Skeletal Biology. Academic Press. pp. 103–114. ISBN 978-0-12-319060-4. Retrieved 2010-11-08.
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colostate.edu

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Rouge, Melissa (2001). "Dental Anatomy of Ruminants". Colorado State University. Retrieved 5 May 2010.

doi.org

Peter J. Waddell, Hirohisa Kishino, Rissa Ota (2001). "A Phylogenetic Foundation for Comparative Mammalian Genomics". Genome Informatics 12: 141–154, doi:10.11234/gi1990.12.141.
Cooper, L. N.; Seiffert, E. R.; Clementz, M.; Madar, S. I.; Bajpai, S.; Hussain, S. T.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (2014-10-08). "Anthracobunids from the Middle Eocene of India and Pakistan Are Stem Perissodactyls". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e109232. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j9232C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109232. PMC 4189980. PMID 25295875.
Gheerbrant, Emmanuel; Filippo, Andrea; Schmitt, Arnaud (2016). "Convergence of Afrotherian and Laurasiatherian Ungulate-Like Mammals: First Morphological Evidence from the Paleocene of Morocco". PLOS ONE. 11 (7): e0157556. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1157556G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157556. PMC 4934866. PMID 27384169.
Ursing, B. M.; Arnason, U. (1998). "Analyses of mitochondrial genomes strongly support a hippopotamus-whale clade". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 265 (1412): 2251–5. doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0567. PMC 1689531. PMID 9881471.
Asher, RJ; Bennet, N; Lehmann, T (2009). "The new framework for understanding placental mammal evolution". BioEssays. 31 (8): 853–864. doi:10.1002/bies.200900053. PMID 19582725. S2CID 46339675.
Tabuce, R.; Marivaux, L.; Adaci, M.; Bensalah, M.; Hartenberger, J. L.; et al. (2007). "Early tertiary mammals from north Africa reinforce the molecular afrotheria clade". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 274 (1614): 1159–1166. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.0229. PMC 2189562. PMID 17329227.
Seiffert, E (2007). "A new estimate of afrotherian phylogeny based on simultaneous analysis of genomic, morphological, and fossil evidence". BMC Evol Biol. 7: 13. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-224. PMC 2248600. PMID 17999766.
Sanchez-Villagra, M. R.; Narita, Y.; Kuratani, S. (2007). "Thoracolumbar vertebral number: the first skeletal synapomorphy for afrotherian mammals". Syst Biodivers. 5: 1–17. doi:10.1017/S1477200006002258. S2CID 85675984.
Springer, MS; Stanhope, MJ; Madsen, O; de Jong, WW (2004). "Molecules consolidate the placental mammal tree". Trends Ecol Evol. 19 (8): 430–438. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.05.006. PMID 16701301. S2CID 1508898.
Robinson, M. A. Yang; Fu, T. J.; Ferguson-Smith, B. (2004). "Cross-species chromosome painting in the golden mole and elephant-shrew: support for the mammalian clades Afrotheria and Afroinsectiphillia but not Afroinsectivora". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 271 (1547): 1477–1484. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2754. PMC 1691750. PMID 15306319.
Seiffert, E.R.; Guillon, JM (2007). "A new estimate of afrotherian phylogeny based on simultaneous analysis of genomic, morphological, and fossil evidence". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 13. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-224. PMC 2248600. PMID 17999766.
Asher, Robert J; Helgen, Kristofer M (2010). "Nomenclature and placental mammal phylogeny". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 102. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-102. PMC 2865478. PMID 20406454.
Spaulding, Michelle; O'Leary, Maureen A.; Gatesy, John (2009). Farke, Andrew Allen (ed.). "Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) among mammals: increased taxon sampling alters interpretations of key fossils and character evolution". PLOS ONE. 4 (9): e7062. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.7062S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007062. PMC 2740860. PMID 19774069.
Nery, M. F.; González, D. M. J.; Hoffmann, F. G.; Opazo, J. C. (2012). "Resolution of the laurasiatherian phylogeny: Evidence from genomic data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 64 (3): 685–689. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.04.012. PMID 22560954.
Beck, Robin MD; Bininda-Emonds, Olaf RP; Cardillo, Marcel; Liu, Fu-Guo; Purvis, Andy (2006). "A higher-level MRP supertree of placental mammals". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 6 (1): 93. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-6-93. PMC 1654192. PMID 17101039.
Zhou, X.; Xu, S.; Xu, J.; Chen, B.; Zhou, K.; Yang, G.; et al. (2011). "Phylogenomic analysis resolves the interordinal relationships and rapid diversification of the Laurasiatherian mammals". Systematic Biology. 61 (1): 150–64. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syr089. PMC 3243735. PMID 21900649.
Nishihara, H.; Hasegawa, M.; Okada, N. (2006). "Pegasoferae, an unexpected mammalian clade revealed by tracking ancient retroposon insertions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (26): 9929–9934. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.9929N. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603797103. PMC 1479866. PMID 16785431.
Gatesy, J; Geisler, JH; Chang, J; Buell, C; Berta, A; Meredith, RW; Springer, MS; McGowen, MR (February 2013). "A phylogenetic blueprint for a modern whale". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66 (2): 479–506. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.012. PMID 23103570.
Kim, S. L.; Thewissen, J. G.; Churchill, M. M.; Suydam, R. S.; Ketten, D. R.; Clementz, M. T. (2014). "Unique biochemical and mineral composition of whale ear bones" (PDF). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 87 (4): 576–584. doi:10.1086/676309. hdl:1912/6709. PMID 24940922. S2CID 27076616.
Archibald, J. David; Zhang, Yue; Harper, Tony; Cifelli, Richard L. (2011). "Protungulatum, Confirmed Cretaceous Occurrence of an Otherwise Paleocene Eutherian (Placental?) Mammal". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 18 (3): 153–161. doi:10.1007/s10914-011-9162-1. S2CID 16724836.
Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R (2013). "Why were There Fewer Marsupials than Placentals? On the Relevance of Geography and Physiology to Evolutionary Patterns of Mammalian Diversity and Disparity" (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 20 (4): 279–290. doi:10.1007/s10914-012-9220-3. S2CID 18789008.
Gingerich, Philip D. (2005). "Aquatic Adaptation and Swimming Mode Inferred from Skeletal Proportions in the Miocene Desmostylian Desmostylus" (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 12 (1/2): 183–194. doi:10.1007/s10914-005-5719-1. hdl:2027.42/44971. S2CID 7812089.
Shockey, B.J. & Anaya, F. (2004). "Pyrotherium macfaddeni, sp. nov. (late Oligocene, Bolivia) and the pedal morphology of pyrotheres". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (2): 481–488. Bibcode:2004JVPal..24..481S. doi:10.1671/2521. S2CID 83680724.
Welker, F; Collins, MJ; Thomas, JA; Wadsley, M; Brace, S; Cappellini, E; Turvey, ST; Reguero, M; Gelfo, JN; Kramarz, A; Burger, J; Thomas-Oates, J; Ashford, DA; Ashton, PD; Rowsell, K; Porter, DM; Kessler, B; Fischer, R; Baessmann, C; Kaspar, S; Olsen, JV; Kiley, P; Elliott, JA; Kelstrup, CD; Mullin, V; Hofreiter, M; Willerslev, E; Hublin, JJ; Orlando, L; Barnes, I; MacPhee, RD (18 March 2015). "Ancient proteins resolve the evolutionary history of Darwin's South American ungulates". Nature. 522 (7554): 81–84. Bibcode:2015Natur.522...81W. doi:10.1038/nature14249. hdl:11336/14769. PMID 25799987. S2CID 4467386.
Ashley, M.V.; Norman, J.E.; Stross, L. (1996). "Phylogenetic analysis of the perissodactyl family tapiridae using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COII) sequences". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 3 (4): 315–326. doi:10.1007/BF02077448. S2CID 24948320.
Boisserie, Jean-Renaud; Lihoreau, F.; Brunet, M. (February 2005). "The position of Hippopotamidae within Cetartiodactyla". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (5): 1537–1541. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.1537B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0409518102. PMC 547867. PMID 15677331.
Thewissen, J. G. M.; Cooper, LN; Clementz, MT; Bajpai, S; Tiwari, BN (2007). "Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of India" (PDF). Nature. 450 (7173): 1190–1194. Bibcode:2007Natur.450.1190T. doi:10.1038/nature06343. PMID 18097400. S2CID 4416444.
Gingerich, P.D.; ul Haq, M.; Zalmout, I.S.; Khan, I.H.; Malkani, M.S. (Sep 2001). "Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan". Science. 293 (5538): 2239–42. Bibcode:2001Sci...293.2239G. doi:10.1126/science.1063902. PMID 11567134. S2CID 21441797.
Jardine, Phillip E.; Janis, Christine M.; Sahney, Sarda; Benton, Michael J. (2012). "Grit not grass: Concordant patterns of early origin of hypsodonty in Great Plains ungulates and Glires". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 365–366: 1–10. Bibcode:2012PPP...365....1J. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.09.001.
Nweeia, Martin T.; Nweeia, Frederick C.; Hauschka, Peter V.; Tyler, Ethan; Mead, James G.; Potter, Charles W.; Angnatsiak, David P.; Richard, Pierre R.; Orr, Jack R.; Black, Sandie R.; et al. (2012). "Vestigial tooth anatomy and tusk nomenclature for Monodon monoceros". The Anatomical Record. 295 (6): 1006–16. doi:10.1002/ar.22449. PMID 22467529. S2CID 22907605.
Gatesy, J.; Yelon, D., DeSalle, R., Vrba, E. (1992). "Phylogeny of the Bovidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia), Based on Mitochondrial Ribosomal DNA Sequences". Mol. Biol. Evol. 9 (3): 433–446. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040734. PMID 1584013.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Bro-Jørgensen, J. (2007). "The intensity of sexual selection predicts weapon size in male bovids". Evolution. 61 (6): 1316–1326. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00111.x. PMID 17542842. S2CID 24278541.
Ezenwa, V.; Jolles, A. (2008). "Horns honestly advertise parasite infection in male and female African buffalo". Animal Behaviour. 75 (6): 2013–2021. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.12.013. S2CID 49240459.
Stankowich, T.; Caro, T. (2009). "Evolution of weaponry in female bovids". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 276 (1677): 4329–34. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1256. PMC 2817105. PMID 19759035.
Malo, A. F.; Roldan, E. R. S.; Garde, J.; Soler, A. J.; Gomendio, M. (2005). "Antlers honestly advertise sperm production and quality". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 272 (1559): 149–157. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2933. PMC 1634960. PMID 15695205.
Ditchkoff, S. S.; Lochmiller, R. L.; Masters, R. E.; Hoofer, S. R.; Den Bussche, R. A. Van (2001). "Major-histocompatibility-complex-associated variation in secondary sexual traits of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus): evidence for good-genes advertisement". Evolution. 55 (3): 616–625. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00794.x. PMID 11327168. S2CID 10418779.

etymonline.com

"Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 6 June 2022.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Kim, S. L.; Thewissen, J. G.; Churchill, M. M.; Suydam, R. S.; Ketten, D. R.; Clementz, M. T. (2014). "Unique biochemical and mineral composition of whale ear bones" (PDF). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 87 (4): 576–584. doi:10.1086/676309. hdl:1912/6709. PMID 24940922. S2CID 27076616.
Gingerich, Philip D. (2005). "Aquatic Adaptation and Swimming Mode Inferred from Skeletal Proportions in the Miocene Desmostylian Desmostylus" (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 12 (1/2): 183–194. doi:10.1007/s10914-005-5719-1. hdl:2027.42/44971. S2CID 7812089.
Welker, F; Collins, MJ; Thomas, JA; Wadsley, M; Brace, S; Cappellini, E; Turvey, ST; Reguero, M; Gelfo, JN; Kramarz, A; Burger, J; Thomas-Oates, J; Ashford, DA; Ashton, PD; Rowsell, K; Porter, DM; Kessler, B; Fischer, R; Baessmann, C; Kaspar, S; Olsen, JV; Kiley, P; Elliott, JA; Kelstrup, CD; Mullin, V; Hofreiter, M; Willerslev, E; Hublin, JJ; Orlando, L; Barnes, I; MacPhee, RD (18 March 2015). "Ancient proteins resolve the evolutionary history of Darwin's South American ungulates". Nature. 522 (7554): 81–84. Bibcode:2015Natur.522...81W. doi:10.1038/nature14249. hdl:11336/14769. PMID 25799987. S2CID 4467386.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Cooper, L. N.; Seiffert, E. R.; Clementz, M.; Madar, S. I.; Bajpai, S.; Hussain, S. T.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (2014-10-08). "Anthracobunids from the Middle Eocene of India and Pakistan Are Stem Perissodactyls". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e109232. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j9232C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109232. PMC 4189980. PMID 25295875.
Gheerbrant, Emmanuel; Filippo, Andrea; Schmitt, Arnaud (2016). "Convergence of Afrotherian and Laurasiatherian Ungulate-Like Mammals: First Morphological Evidence from the Paleocene of Morocco". PLOS ONE. 11 (7): e0157556. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1157556G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157556. PMC 4934866. PMID 27384169.
Spaulding, Michelle; O'Leary, Maureen A.; Gatesy, John (2009). Farke, Andrew Allen (ed.). "Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) among mammals: increased taxon sampling alters interpretations of key fossils and character evolution". PLOS ONE. 4 (9): e7062. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.7062S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007062. PMC 2740860. PMID 19774069.
Nishihara, H.; Hasegawa, M.; Okada, N. (2006). "Pegasoferae, an unexpected mammalian clade revealed by tracking ancient retroposon insertions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (26): 9929–9934. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.9929N. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603797103. PMC 1479866. PMID 16785431.
Shockey, B.J. & Anaya, F. (2004). "Pyrotherium macfaddeni, sp. nov. (late Oligocene, Bolivia) and the pedal morphology of pyrotheres". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (2): 481–488. Bibcode:2004JVPal..24..481S. doi:10.1671/2521. S2CID 83680724.
Welker, F; Collins, MJ; Thomas, JA; Wadsley, M; Brace, S; Cappellini, E; Turvey, ST; Reguero, M; Gelfo, JN; Kramarz, A; Burger, J; Thomas-Oates, J; Ashford, DA; Ashton, PD; Rowsell, K; Porter, DM; Kessler, B; Fischer, R; Baessmann, C; Kaspar, S; Olsen, JV; Kiley, P; Elliott, JA; Kelstrup, CD; Mullin, V; Hofreiter, M; Willerslev, E; Hublin, JJ; Orlando, L; Barnes, I; MacPhee, RD (18 March 2015). "Ancient proteins resolve the evolutionary history of Darwin's South American ungulates". Nature. 522 (7554): 81–84. Bibcode:2015Natur.522...81W. doi:10.1038/nature14249. hdl:11336/14769. PMID 25799987. S2CID 4467386.
Boisserie, Jean-Renaud; Lihoreau, F.; Brunet, M. (February 2005). "The position of Hippopotamidae within Cetartiodactyla". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (5): 1537–1541. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.1537B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0409518102. PMC 547867. PMID 15677331.
Thewissen, J. G. M.; Cooper, LN; Clementz, MT; Bajpai, S; Tiwari, BN (2007). "Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of India" (PDF). Nature. 450 (7173): 1190–1194. Bibcode:2007Natur.450.1190T. doi:10.1038/nature06343. PMID 18097400. S2CID 4416444.
Gingerich, P.D.; ul Haq, M.; Zalmout, I.S.; Khan, I.H.; Malkani, M.S. (Sep 2001). "Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan". Science. 293 (5538): 2239–42. Bibcode:2001Sci...293.2239G. doi:10.1126/science.1063902. PMID 11567134. S2CID 21441797.
Jardine, Phillip E.; Janis, Christine M.; Sahney, Sarda; Benton, Michael J. (2012). "Grit not grass: Concordant patterns of early origin of hypsodonty in Great Plains ungulates and Glires". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 365–366: 1–10. Bibcode:2012PPP...365....1J. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.09.001.

ias.ac.in

repository.ias.ac.in

Thewissen, J. G. M.; Cooper, LN; Clementz, MT; Bajpai, S; Tiwari, BN (2007). "Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of India" (PDF). Nature. 450 (7173): 1190–1194. Bibcode:2007Natur.450.1190T. doi:10.1038/nature06343. PMID 18097400. S2CID 4416444.

ivpp.ac.cn

Jin, X. (2005). "Mesonychids from Lushi Basin, Henan Province, China (in Chinese with English summary)" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 43 (2): 151–164.^{[dead link]}

mblwhoilibrary.org

darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org

Kim, S. L.; Thewissen, J. G.; Churchill, M. M.; Suydam, R. S.; Ketten, D. R.; Clementz, M. T. (2014). "Unique biochemical and mineral composition of whale ear bones" (PDF). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 87 (4): 576–584. doi:10.1086/676309. hdl:1912/6709. PMID 24940922. S2CID 27076616.

nashvillezoo.org

"The Nashville Zoo at Grassmere - Animals :: Masai Giraffe". The Nashville Zoo at Grassmere, n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2010. "The Nashville Zoo at Grassmere - Animals :: Masai Giraffe". Archived from the original on 2010-12-20. Retrieved 2013-02-10.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Cooper, L. N.; Seiffert, E. R.; Clementz, M.; Madar, S. I.; Bajpai, S.; Hussain, S. T.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (2014-10-08). "Anthracobunids from the Middle Eocene of India and Pakistan Are Stem Perissodactyls". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e109232. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j9232C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109232. PMC 4189980. PMID 25295875.
Gheerbrant, Emmanuel; Filippo, Andrea; Schmitt, Arnaud (2016). "Convergence of Afrotherian and Laurasiatherian Ungulate-Like Mammals: First Morphological Evidence from the Paleocene of Morocco". PLOS ONE. 11 (7): e0157556. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1157556G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157556. PMC 4934866. PMID 27384169.
Ursing, B. M.; Arnason, U. (1998). "Analyses of mitochondrial genomes strongly support a hippopotamus-whale clade". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 265 (1412): 2251–5. doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0567. PMC 1689531. PMID 9881471.
Asher, RJ; Bennet, N; Lehmann, T (2009). "The new framework for understanding placental mammal evolution". BioEssays. 31 (8): 853–864. doi:10.1002/bies.200900053. PMID 19582725. S2CID 46339675.
Tabuce, R.; Marivaux, L.; Adaci, M.; Bensalah, M.; Hartenberger, J. L.; et al. (2007). "Early tertiary mammals from north Africa reinforce the molecular afrotheria clade". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 274 (1614): 1159–1166. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.0229. PMC 2189562. PMID 17329227.
Seiffert, E (2007). "A new estimate of afrotherian phylogeny based on simultaneous analysis of genomic, morphological, and fossil evidence". BMC Evol Biol. 7: 13. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-224. PMC 2248600. PMID 17999766.
Springer, MS; Stanhope, MJ; Madsen, O; de Jong, WW (2004). "Molecules consolidate the placental mammal tree". Trends Ecol Evol. 19 (8): 430–438. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.05.006. PMID 16701301. S2CID 1508898.
Robinson, M. A. Yang; Fu, T. J.; Ferguson-Smith, B. (2004). "Cross-species chromosome painting in the golden mole and elephant-shrew: support for the mammalian clades Afrotheria and Afroinsectiphillia but not Afroinsectivora". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 271 (1547): 1477–1484. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.2754. PMC 1691750. PMID 15306319.
Seiffert, E.R.; Guillon, JM (2007). "A new estimate of afrotherian phylogeny based on simultaneous analysis of genomic, morphological, and fossil evidence". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 13. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-224. PMC 2248600. PMID 17999766.
Asher, Robert J; Helgen, Kristofer M (2010). "Nomenclature and placental mammal phylogeny". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 102. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-102. PMC 2865478. PMID 20406454.
Spaulding, Michelle; O'Leary, Maureen A.; Gatesy, John (2009). Farke, Andrew Allen (ed.). "Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) among mammals: increased taxon sampling alters interpretations of key fossils and character evolution". PLOS ONE. 4 (9): e7062. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.7062S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007062. PMC 2740860. PMID 19774069.
Nery, M. F.; González, D. M. J.; Hoffmann, F. G.; Opazo, J. C. (2012). "Resolution of the laurasiatherian phylogeny: Evidence from genomic data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 64 (3): 685–689. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.04.012. PMID 22560954.
Beck, Robin MD; Bininda-Emonds, Olaf RP; Cardillo, Marcel; Liu, Fu-Guo; Purvis, Andy (2006). "A higher-level MRP supertree of placental mammals". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 6 (1): 93. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-6-93. PMC 1654192. PMID 17101039.
Zhou, X.; Xu, S.; Xu, J.; Chen, B.; Zhou, K.; Yang, G.; et al. (2011). "Phylogenomic analysis resolves the interordinal relationships and rapid diversification of the Laurasiatherian mammals". Systematic Biology. 61 (1): 150–64. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syr089. PMC 3243735. PMID 21900649.
Nishihara, H.; Hasegawa, M.; Okada, N. (2006). "Pegasoferae, an unexpected mammalian clade revealed by tracking ancient retroposon insertions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (26): 9929–9934. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.9929N. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603797103. PMC 1479866. PMID 16785431.
Gatesy, J; Geisler, JH; Chang, J; Buell, C; Berta, A; Meredith, RW; Springer, MS; McGowen, MR (February 2013). "A phylogenetic blueprint for a modern whale". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66 (2): 479–506. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.012. PMID 23103570.
Kim, S. L.; Thewissen, J. G.; Churchill, M. M.; Suydam, R. S.; Ketten, D. R.; Clementz, M. T. (2014). "Unique biochemical and mineral composition of whale ear bones" (PDF). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 87 (4): 576–584. doi:10.1086/676309. hdl:1912/6709. PMID 24940922. S2CID 27076616.
Welker, F; Collins, MJ; Thomas, JA; Wadsley, M; Brace, S; Cappellini, E; Turvey, ST; Reguero, M; Gelfo, JN; Kramarz, A; Burger, J; Thomas-Oates, J; Ashford, DA; Ashton, PD; Rowsell, K; Porter, DM; Kessler, B; Fischer, R; Baessmann, C; Kaspar, S; Olsen, JV; Kiley, P; Elliott, JA; Kelstrup, CD; Mullin, V; Hofreiter, M; Willerslev, E; Hublin, JJ; Orlando, L; Barnes, I; MacPhee, RD (18 March 2015). "Ancient proteins resolve the evolutionary history of Darwin's South American ungulates". Nature. 522 (7554): 81–84. Bibcode:2015Natur.522...81W. doi:10.1038/nature14249. hdl:11336/14769. PMID 25799987. S2CID 4467386.
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Thewissen, J. G. M.; Cooper, LN; Clementz, MT; Bajpai, S; Tiwari, BN (2007). "Whales originated from aquatic artiodactyls in the Eocene epoch of India" (PDF). Nature. 450 (7173): 1190–1194. Bibcode:2007Natur.450.1190T. doi:10.1038/nature06343. PMID 18097400. S2CID 4416444.
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