United States Declaration of Independence (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "United States Declaration of Independence" in English language version.

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1776themusical.us

"1776: The Musical About Us". Pratico. Archived from the original on May 9, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018.

allthingsliberty.com

Murrow, Pamela (February 4, 2013). "The Pine Tree Riot". Journal of the American Revolution. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
McNamara, Sandra (December 20, 2018). "The Loyalist Declaration of Dependence, 1776". Journal of the American Revolution.

archive.org

Becker, Carl L. (1970) [1922]. The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas (Revised ed.). New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0-394-70060-0.
Armitage, David (2009) [2007]. The Declaration of Independence: A Global History. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02282-9. Retrieved January 16, 2022. United States Declaration of Independence at Google Books.
Reid, John Phillip (1981). "The Irrelevance of the Declaration". In Hartog, Hendrik (ed.). Law in the American Revolution and the Revolution in the Law. New York University Press. pp. 46–89. ISBN 978-0-8147-3413-1.
Day, Thomas. Fragment of an original letter on the Slavery of the Negroes, written in the year 1776. London: Printed for John Stockdale (1784). Boston: Re-printed by Garrison and Knapp, at the office of "The Liberator" (1831). p. 10. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016. Retrieved February 26, 2014. If there be an object truly ridiculous in nature, it is an American patriot, signing resolutions of independency with the one hand, and with the other brandishing a whip over his affrighted slaves. At: Internet Archive Archived March 4, 2014, at the Wayback Machine: The Johns Hopkins University Sheridan Libraries Archived April 23, 2014, at the Wayback Machine: James Birney Collection of Antislavery Pamphlets Archived August 6, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
Douglass, Frederick (1881). John Brown. An Address at the Fourteenth Anniversary of Storer College, May 30, 1881. Dover, New Hampshire: Morning Star job printing house. Also available at Project Gutenberg Archived October 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.

archives.gov

"Did You Know ... Independence Day Should Actually Be July 2?" (Press release). National Archives and Records Administration. June 1, 2005. Archived from the original on June 26, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
"The Declaration of Independence: A History". The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. January 17, 2010. Archived from the original on September 17, 2008. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
Lucas, Stephen E. "The Stylistic Artistry of the Declaration of Independence". National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
"Declaration of Independence: A Transcription". National Archives. November 1, 2015. Archived from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
"The Declaration of Independence: A History". Charters of Freedom. National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on January 26, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
"Charters of Freedom Re-encasement Project". National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on September 19, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2011.

bartleby.com

"Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865): Political Debates Between Lincoln and Douglas 1897". Bartleby. p. 415. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved January 26, 2013.

bbc.co.uk

"Declaration of Independence document found". BBC News. July 4, 2018. Archived from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved July 4, 2018.

books.google.com

Armitage, David (2009) [2007]. The Declaration of Independence: A Global History. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02282-9. Retrieved January 16, 2022. United States Declaration of Independence at Google Books.
As quoted in Adams, John (2007). My Dearest Friend: Letters of Abigail and John Adams. Harvard University Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-674-02606-3.
Wills, Gary. Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence Archived September 26, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, p. 25 (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2002): "the Declaration is not a legal instrument, like the Constitution".
"The Gurney Papers". The New Monthly Magazine and Humorist (Part 1): 17. 1837. Retrieved July 4, 2021.
Jessup, John J. (September 20, 1943). "America and the Future". Life. p. 105. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
Lefebvre, Georges (2005). The Coming of the French Revolution. Princeton UP. p. 212. ISBN 0-691-12188-5. Archived from the original on September 13, 2015. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
Billias, George Athan, ed. (2009). American Constitutionalism Heard Round the World, 1776–1989: A Global Perspective. NYU Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-8147-9139-4. Archived from the original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
John Hazelton (1907). "The Historical Value of Trumbull's – Declaration of Independence". Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. Vol. 31. p. 38.

canadafreepress.com

Whitford, David, Tyranny and Resistance: The Magdeburg Confession and the Lutheran Tradition, 2001, 144 pages and Kelly OConnell Archived December 21, 2018, at the Wayback Machine of Canada Free Press, August 4, 2014, parts II. Magdeburg Confession and III. Doctrine of Lesser Magistrates

cnn.com

"Crews finish installing World Trade Center spire". CNN. May 10, 2013. Archived from the original on July 19, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2013.

collegeboard.com

apcentral.collegeboard.com

"The Declaration of Independence in World Context". July 10, 2006. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 6, 2014.

constitutionreader.com

cdn.constitutionreader.com

see "Virginia Declaration of Rights" Archived July 4, 2021, at the Wayback Machine

cornell.edu

scholarship.law.cornell.edu

Tsesis, Alexander (May 2012). "Self-government and the Declaration of Independence". Cornell Law Review. 97 (4). Ithaca: Cornell University. ISSN 0010-8847.

doi.org

Bolkhovitinov, Nikolai N. (March 1999). "The Declaration of Independence: A View from Russia". The Journal of American History. 85 (4): 1389–1398. doi:10.2307/2568261. ISSN 0021-8723. JSTOR 2568261. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
Detweiler, Philip F. (October 1962). "The Changing Reputation of the Declaration of Independence: The First Fifty Years". The William and Mary Quarterly. 19 (4): 557–574. doi:10.2307/1920163. JSTOR 1920163.
Armitage, David (2002). "The Declaration of Independence and International Law". The William and Mary Quarterly. 59 (1). Williamsburg: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 39–64. doi:10.2307/3491637. ISSN 0043-5597. JSTOR 3491637.
Detweiler, Philip F. (April 1958). "Congressional Debate on Slavery and the Declaration of Independence, 1819–1821". American Historical Review. 63 (3). Oxford University Press: 598–616. doi:10.2307/1848882. JSTOR 1848882.
Mead, John (2008). "Declarations of Liberty: Representations of Black/White Alliances Against Slavery by John Brown, James Redpath, and Thomas Wentworth Higginson". Journal for the Study of Radicalism. 3 (1): 111–144. doi:10.1353/jsr.0.0017. JSTOR 41887620. S2CID 159213688.

flowofhistory.org

A brief, online overview of the classical liberalism vs. republicanism debate is Alec Ewald, "The American Republic: 1760–1870" (2004) Archived May 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.Historian Robert Middlekauff argues that the political ideas of the independence movement took their origins mainly from the "eighteenth-century commonwealthmen, the radical Whig ideology", which in turn drew on the political thought of John Milton, James Harrington, and John Locke. See Robert Middlekauff (2005), The Glorious Cause, pp. 3–6, 51–52, 136

fordham.edu

"Modern History Sourcebook: Seneca Falls: The Declaration of Sentiments, 1848". Archived from the original on October 20, 2014. Retrieved October 6, 2014.

getpocket.com

Trickey, Erick. "Mary Katharine Goddard, the Woman Who Signed the Declaration of Independence". Retrieved July 12, 2024.

gpo.gov

frwebgate.access.gpo.gov

According to Resolution 175 of the 103rd Congress: the phrase in the Declaration of Independence 'All men are created equal', was suggested by the Italian patriot and immigrant Filippo Mazzei.

gutenberg.org

Douglass, Frederick (1881). John Brown. An Address at the Fourteenth Anniversary of Storer College, May 30, 1881. Dover, New Hampshire: Morning Star job printing house. Also available at Project Gutenberg Archived October 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.

harvard.edu

scholar.harvard.edu

"The Contagion of Sovereignty: Declarations of Independence since 1776" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on September 16, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012.

declaration.fas.harvard.edu

"The Sussex Declaration". Declaration Resources Project. Harvard University. Archived from the original on April 22, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2017.

hbo.com

"John Adams: Independence". Home Box Office. Archived from the original on May 8, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018.

hmdb.org

"The Declaration of Independence in Easton"

hsp.org

digitalhistory.hsp.org

Brown, John (July 4, 1859). A Declaration of Liberty By the Representatives of the slave Popolation of the United States of America. Preserving American Freedom : The Evolution of American Liberties in Fifty Documents. Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

ign.com

Gameguides, IGN (May 19, 2014). "Stealing Independence". IGN. Retrieved August 24, 2024.

jstor.org

Bolkhovitinov, Nikolai N. (March 1999). "The Declaration of Independence: A View from Russia". The Journal of American History. 85 (4): 1389–1398. doi:10.2307/2568261. ISSN 0021-8723. JSTOR 2568261. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
Detweiler, Philip F. (October 1962). "The Changing Reputation of the Declaration of Independence: The First Fifty Years". The William and Mary Quarterly. 19 (4): 557–574. doi:10.2307/1920163. JSTOR 1920163.
Armitage, David (2002). "The Declaration of Independence and International Law". The William and Mary Quarterly. 59 (1). Williamsburg: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 39–64. doi:10.2307/3491637. ISSN 0043-5597. JSTOR 3491637.
Detweiler, Philip F. (April 1958). "Congressional Debate on Slavery and the Declaration of Independence, 1819–1821". American Historical Review. 63 (3). Oxford University Press: 598–616. doi:10.2307/1848882. JSTOR 1848882.
Mead, John (2008). "Declarations of Liberty: Representations of Black/White Alliances Against Slavery by John Brown, James Redpath, and Thomas Wentworth Higginson". Journal for the Study of Radicalism. 3 (1): 111–144. doi:10.1353/jsr.0.0017. JSTOR 41887620. S2CID 159213688.

loc.gov

memory.loc.gov

The text of the 1775 king's speech is online Archived January 19, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, published by the American Memory project
"Journals of the Continental Congress". March 29, 2019. Archived from the original on March 29, 2019.
Burnett, Continental Congress, 159. The text of Adams's letter is online Archived March 29, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.
May 15 preamble Journals of the Continental Congress Archived March 29, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.
"Journals of the Continental Congress – Friday, July 19, 1776". memory.loc.gov. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved April 27, 2020.

loc.gov

Paine, Thomas (1776). The American crisis (No. 1). Printed Ephemera Collection (Library of Congress). Boston: Sold opposite the court house Queen Street.
"The Three Greatest Men". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on June 1, 2009. Retrieved June 13, 2009. Jefferson identified Bacon, Locke, and Newton as "the three greatest men that have ever lived, without any exception". Their works in the physical and moral sciences were instrumental in Jefferson's education and world view.
Jefferson's "original Rough draught" of the Declaration of Independence, Library of Congress, citing: The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. Vol. 1, 1760-1776. Ed. Julian P. Boyd. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950, pp 243-247

merriam-webster.com

Merriam-Webster online Archived April 24, 2009, at the Wayback Machine; Dictionary.com Archived April 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.

nps.gov

"Visit the Declaration House", National Park Service official website
"Benjamin Rush to John Adams, July 20, 1811". National Park Service. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
Dube, Ann Marie (May 1996). "The Declaration of Independence". A Multitude of Amendments, Alterations and Additions: The Writing and Publicizing of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution of the United States. National Park Service. Archived from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2011.

nypl.org

"A Closer Look at Jefferson's Declaration". New York Public Library. Retrieved July 6, 2020.

popularmechanics.com

Pappalardo, Joe (July 3, 2020). "The Science of Saving the Declaration of Independence." Archived November 9, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Popular Mechanics. Retrieved February 3, 2020.

psu.edu

journals.psu.edu

Julian P. Boyd, "The Declaration of Independence: The Mystery of the Lost Original" Archived February 12, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 100, number 4 (October 1976), p. 456.

reference.com

dictionary.reference.com

Merriam-Webster online Archived April 24, 2009, at the Wayback Machine; Dictionary.com Archived April 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.

ri.gov

sos.ri.gov

"Treasures from the Archives: The Act of Renunciation". Rhode Island Department of State. Archived from the original on July 29, 2019. Retrieved July 29, 2019. Rhode Island was the first colony to renounce allegiance to Great Britain's King George III by an official legislative act.

rottentomatoes.com

"National Treasure". Rotten Tomatoes. 2004. Archived from the original on November 29, 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2018.

scholar.google.com

Gulf, C. & SFR Co. v. Ellis, 165 US 150 Archived May 23, 2020, at the Wayback Machine (1897): "While such declaration of principles may not have the force of organic law, or be made the basis of judicial decision as to the limits of right and duty...it is always safe to read the letter of the Constitution in the spirit of the Declaration of Independence."

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Mead, John (2008). "Declarations of Liberty: Representations of Black/White Alliances Against Slavery by John Brown, James Redpath, and Thomas Wentworth Higginson". Journal for the Study of Radicalism. 3 (1): 111–144. doi:10.1353/jsr.0.0017. JSTOR 41887620. S2CID 159213688.

shiplerreport.blogspot.com

Shipler, David K., The Paragraph Missing From The Declaration of Independence Archived July 8, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The Shipler Report, July 4, 2020

skyscraperpage.com

"Tallest buildings in NY". Skyscraperpage.com. Archived from the original on July 21, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
"Tallest buildings under construction in the world". Skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved June 23, 2012.

slate.com

Onion, Rebecca (December 2, 2013). "John Brown's Passionate 'Declaration of Liberty', Written on a Lengthy Scroll". Slate.

ssrn.com

Strang, Lee "Originalism's Subject Matter: Why the Declaration of Independence Is Not Part of the Constitution" Archived September 5, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, 2015.

stltoday.com

Henderson, Jane. "Made in 1776: Rare copy of the Declaration of Independence goes on view at Washington U." STLtoday.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2020.

teachamericanhistory.org

"TeachAmericanHistory.org: John Hancock" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 10, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2014.

telegraph.co.uk

"Rare copy of United States Declaration of Independence found in Kew". The Daily Telegraph. July 3, 2009. Archived from the original on November 13, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2011.

thefoundingproject.com

"Lemuel Haynes' Liberty Further Extended". The Founding Project. February 24, 2020. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.

theguardian.com

Yuhas, Alan (April 22, 2017). "Rare parchment copy of US Declaration of Independence found in England". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 22, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
Flood, Alison (September 8, 2011). "Michael Hart, inventor of the ebook, dies aged 64". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 13, 2015. Retrieved December 13, 2016.

thomaspaine.org

"TPNHA". www.thomaspaine.org. Retrieved October 10, 2022.

ufppc.org

"Independence". Fort Wayne Journal Gazette. July 4, 2010. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2018.

uh.edu

digitalhistory.uh.edu

"Explorations: The Revolution". Digital History. University of Houston. May 4, 2015. Archived from the original on May 4, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2022. From Adams's notes: "Why will you not? You ought to do it." "I will not." "Why?" "Reasons enough." "What can be your reasons?" "Reason first, you are a Virginian, and a Virginian ought to appear at the head of this business. Reason second, I am obnoxious, suspected, and unpopular. You are very much otherwise. Reason third, you can write ten times better than I can." "Well," said Jefferson, "if you are decided, I will do as well as I can." "Very well. When you have drawn it up, we will have a meeting."

umich.edu

quod.lib.umich.edu

Hinton, Richard J. (1894). John Brown and his men; with some account of the roads they traveled to reach Harper's Ferry (Revised ed.). New York: Funk & Wagnalls.

ushistory.org

"Index of Signers by State". ushistory.org – Independence Hall Association in Philadelphia. Archived from the original on September 29, 2006. Retrieved October 12, 2006.

uua.org

"Unitarian Universalism Holds that No Person's Identity is Dictated by Laws and Legislation". www.uua.org. Unitarian Universalist Association. Retrieved March 19, 2023.

vqronline.org

Hamowy, "Jefferson and the Scottish Enlightenment", argues that Wills gets much wrong (p. 523), that the Declaration seems to be influenced by Hutcheson because Hutcheson was, like Jefferson, influenced by Locke (pp. 508–09), and that Jefferson often wrote of Locke's influence, but never mentioned Hutcheson in any of his writings (p. 514). See also Kenneth S. Lynn, "Falsifying Jefferson", Commentary 66 (Oct. 1978), 66–71. Ralph Luker, in "Garry Wills and the New Debate Over the Declaration of Independence" Archived March 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (The Virginia Quarterly Review, Spring 1980, 244–61) agreed that Wills overstated Hutcheson's influence to provide a communitarian reading of the Declaration, but he also argued that Wills's critics similarly read their own views into the document.

washingtonpost.com

Ruane, Michael E. (October 21, 2016). "Was the Declaration of Independence 'defaced'? Experts say yes". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 27, 2021.

wdl.org

Jefferson, Thomas (July 4, 1776). "Declaration of Independence. In Congress, July 4, 1776, a Declaration by the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress Assembled". World Digital Library. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Retrieved July 1, 2013.

wearehistoricalsociety.org

"The Weare NH Historical Society". www.wearehistoricalsociety.org. Retrieved July 3, 2024.

web.archive.org

Julian P. Boyd, "The Declaration of Independence: The Mystery of the Lost Original" Archived February 12, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 100, number 4 (October 1976), p. 456.
"Did You Know ... Independence Day Should Actually Be July 2?" (Press release). National Archives and Records Administration. June 1, 2005. Archived from the original on June 26, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
"The Declaration of Independence: A History". The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. January 17, 2010. Archived from the original on September 17, 2008. Retrieved January 15, 2022.
The text of the 1775 king's speech is online Archived January 19, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, published by the American Memory project
"Treasures from the Archives: The Act of Renunciation". Rhode Island Department of State. Archived from the original on July 29, 2019. Retrieved July 29, 2019. Rhode Island was the first colony to renounce allegiance to Great Britain's King George III by an official legislative act.
"Journals of the Continental Congress". March 29, 2019. Archived from the original on March 29, 2019.
Burnett, Continental Congress, 159. The text of Adams's letter is online Archived March 29, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.
May 15 preamble Journals of the Continental Congress Archived March 29, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.
The text of the May 15 Virginia resolution is online Archived June 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine at Yale Law School's Avalon Project.
"Explorations: The Revolution". Digital History. University of Houston. May 4, 2015. Archived from the original on May 4, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2022. From Adams's notes: "Why will you not? You ought to do it." "I will not." "Why?" "Reasons enough." "What can be your reasons?" "Reason first, you are a Virginian, and a Virginian ought to appear at the head of this business. Reason second, I am obnoxious, suspected, and unpopular. You are very much otherwise. Reason third, you can write ten times better than I can." "Well," said Jefferson, "if you are decided, I will do as well as I can." "Very well. When you have drawn it up, we will have a meeting."
Shipler, David K., The Paragraph Missing From The Declaration of Independence Archived July 8, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The Shipler Report, July 4, 2020
"Journals of the Continental Congress – Friday, July 19, 1776". memory.loc.gov. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
Lucas, Stephen E. "The Stylistic Artistry of the Declaration of Independence". National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
"Declaration of Independence: A Transcription". National Archives. November 1, 2015. Archived from the original on July 6, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
"Index of Signers by State". ushistory.org – Independence Hall Association in Philadelphia. Archived from the original on September 29, 2006. Retrieved October 12, 2006.
see "Virginia Declaration of Rights" Archived July 4, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
Wolff, Barbara (June 29, 1988). "Was the Declaration of Independence Inspired by the Dutch?". University of Wisconsin Madison News. Archived from the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved July 3, 2013.
"The Three Greatest Men". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on June 1, 2009. Retrieved June 13, 2009. Jefferson identified Bacon, Locke, and Newton as "the three greatest men that have ever lived, without any exception". Their works in the physical and moral sciences were instrumental in Jefferson's education and world view.
A brief, online overview of the classical liberalism vs. republicanism debate is Alec Ewald, "The American Republic: 1760–1870" (2004) Archived May 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.Historian Robert Middlekauff argues that the political ideas of the independence movement took their origins mainly from the "eighteenth-century commonwealthmen, the radical Whig ideology", which in turn drew on the political thought of John Milton, James Harrington, and John Locke. See Robert Middlekauff (2005), The Glorious Cause, pp. 3–6, 51–52, 136
Hamowy, "Jefferson and the Scottish Enlightenment", argues that Wills gets much wrong (p. 523), that the Declaration seems to be influenced by Hutcheson because Hutcheson was, like Jefferson, influenced by Locke (pp. 508–09), and that Jefferson often wrote of Locke's influence, but never mentioned Hutcheson in any of his writings (p. 514). See also Kenneth S. Lynn, "Falsifying Jefferson", Commentary 66 (Oct. 1978), 66–71. Ralph Luker, in "Garry Wills and the New Debate Over the Declaration of Independence" Archived March 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (The Virginia Quarterly Review, Spring 1980, 244–61) agreed that Wills overstated Hutcheson's influence to provide a communitarian reading of the Declaration, but he also argued that Wills's critics similarly read their own views into the document.
Whitford, David, Tyranny and Resistance: The Magdeburg Confession and the Lutheran Tradition, 2001, 144 pages and Kelly OConnell Archived December 21, 2018, at the Wayback Machine of Canada Free Press, August 4, 2014, parts II. Magdeburg Confession and III. Doctrine of Lesser Magistrates
Gulf, C. & SFR Co. v. Ellis, 165 US 150 Archived May 23, 2020, at the Wayback Machine (1897): "While such declaration of principles may not have the force of organic law, or be made the basis of judicial decision as to the limits of right and duty...it is always safe to read the letter of the Constitution in the spirit of the Declaration of Independence."
Wills, Gary. Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence Archived September 26, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, p. 25 (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2002): "the Declaration is not a legal instrument, like the Constitution".
Strang, Lee "Originalism's Subject Matter: Why the Declaration of Independence Is Not Part of the Constitution" Archived September 5, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, 2015.
Merriam-Webster online Archived April 24, 2009, at the Wayback Machine; Dictionary.com Archived April 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
"TeachAmericanHistory.org: John Hancock" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 10, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
"The Declaration of Independence in World Context". July 10, 2006. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
"The Contagion of Sovereignty: Declarations of Independence since 1776" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on September 16, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
"The Declaration of Independence: A History". Charters of Freedom. National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on January 26, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
"Charters of Freedom Re-encasement Project". National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on September 19, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
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