United States Secretary of Defense (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "United States Secretary of Defense" in English language version.

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49web.archive.org

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32defense.gov

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13cornell.edu

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1defenselink.mil

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1marshallfoundation.org

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1americanprogress.org

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1unt.edu

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americanprogress.org

Korb, Lawrence J.; Ogden, Pete (October 31, 2006). "Rumsfeld's Management Failures". Center for American Progress. Archived from the original on October 22, 2017. Retrieved January 6, 2012.

army.mil

tioh.army.mil

"Positional Colors for the Department of Defense". United States Army Institute of Heraldry. Archived from the original on September 16, 2023. Retrieved September 16, 2023.

books.google.com

Cantwell, Gerald T. (1997). Citizen Airmen: A History of the Air Force Reserve 1946–1994. DIANE Publishing. p. 252. ISBN 9781428991620. In June 1973, Representative O. C. Fisher complained to William P. Clements, Jr., acting Secretary of Defense, that the authority, responsibility, and, consequently, effectiveness of the chiefs of the various reserve components seemed to be eroding.

cnn.com

edition.cnn.com

"Senate confirms Lloyd Austin to be first Black defense secretary". cnn.com. January 22, 2021. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2021.

congress.gov

"PN583 – Patrick M. Shanahan – Department of Defense". Congress.gov. Library of Congress. July 18, 2017. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2019.

cornell.edu

law.cornell.edu

"3 U.S. Code § 19 – Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice President; officers eligible to act". Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2017.
5 U.S.C. § 5312
10 U.S.C. § 113.
5 U.S.C. § 101.
50 U.S.C. § 402.
See 10 U.S.C. § 113. The National Security Act of 1947 originally required an interval of ten years after relief from active duty, which was reduced to seven years by Sec. 903(a) of the 2008 National Defense Authorization Act. In 1950 Congress passed special legislation (Pub. Law 81-788) to allow George C. Marshall to serve as Secretary of Defense while remaining a commissioned officer on the active list of the Army (Army regulations kept all five-star generals on active duty for life), but warned:
It is hereby expressed as the intent of the Congress that the authority granted by this Act is not to be construed as approval by the Congress of continuing appointments of military men to the office of Secretary of Defense in the future. It is hereby expressed as the sense of the Congress that after General Marshall leaves the office of Secretary of Defense, no additional appointments of military men to that office shall be approved.

Defenselink bio Archived November 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved February 8, 2010; and Marshall Foundation bio Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved February 8, 2010.
10 U.S.C. § 162
10 U.S.C. § 3011
10 U.S.C. § 5011
10 U.S.C. § 8011
10 U.S.C. § 152
50 U.S.C. § 402
3 U.S.C. § 19.

cqpress.com

library.cqpress.com

"Les Aspin Serves One Year As Defense Secretary". Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2019.

defense.gov

history.defense.gov

Trask & Goldberg: p. 177. Trask, Roger R.; Goldberg, Alfred (1997). The Department of Defense 1997–1947: Organization and Leaders (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense/U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-16-049163-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 14, 2014.
Trask & Goldberg: pp.11 & 52 Trask, Roger R.; Goldberg, Alfred (1997). The Department of Defense 1997–1947: Organization and Leaders (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense/U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-16-049163-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 14, 2014.
"James V. Forrestal – Harry S. Truman Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on August 14, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Louis A. Johnson – Harry S. Truman Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"George C. Marshall – Harry S. Truman Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Robert A. Lovett – Harry S. Truman Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Charles E. Wilson – Dwight D. Eisenhower Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office.
"Neil H. McElroy – Dwight D. Eisenhower Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Thomas S. Gates, Jr. – Dwight D. Eisenhower Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office.
"Robert S. McNamara – John F. Kennedy / Lyndon Johnson Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Clark M. Gifford – Lyndon Johnson Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 13, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Melvin R. Laird – Richard Nixon Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Elliot L. Richardson – Richard Nixon Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"James R. Schlesinger – Richard Nixon / Gerald Ford Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Donald H. Rumsfeld – Gerald Ford Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Harold Brown – James Carter Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on November 22, 2018. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Caspar W. Weinberger – Ronald Reagan Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on October 22, 2023. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Frank C. Carlucci – Ronald Reagan Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Richard B. Cheney – George H.W. Bush Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on June 14, 2019. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Leslie Aspin – William J. Clinton Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on July 8, 2023. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
Department of Defense Key Officials September 1947 – February 2019 Department of Defense Key Officials September 1947 – February 2019 (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense. January 30, 2019.
"William J. Perry – William J. Clinton Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"William S. Cohen – William J. Clinton Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on September 19, 2023. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Donald H. Rumsfeld – George W. Bush Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Robert M. Gates – George W. Bush / Barack Obama Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Leon E. Panetta – Barack Obama Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Chuck Hagel – Barack Obama Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 25, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Ashton B. Carter – Barack Obama Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"James N. Mattis – Donald Trump Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 12, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.

odam.defense.gov

Department of Defense Directive 5100.01 Functions of the Department of Defense and Its Major Components "Department of Defense Directive 5100.01 Functions of the Department of Defense and Its Major Components". Office of the Secretary Defense, Director of Administration and Management, Directorate for Organizational & Management Planning. Archived from the original on May 7, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2013.

dod.defense.gov

"Dr. Mark T. Esper – Acting Secretary of Defense". United States Department of Defense. June 24, 2019. Archived from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved June 24, 2019.

defense.gov

"Department of Defense Implements Section 901 of the FY2021 National Defense Authorization Act". Retrieved January 28, 2021.

defenselink.mil

See 10 U.S.C. § 113. The National Security Act of 1947 originally required an interval of ten years after relief from active duty, which was reduced to seven years by Sec. 903(a) of the 2008 National Defense Authorization Act. In 1950 Congress passed special legislation (Pub. Law 81-788) to allow George C. Marshall to serve as Secretary of Defense while remaining a commissioned officer on the active list of the Army (Army regulations kept all five-star generals on active duty for life), but warned:
It is hereby expressed as the intent of the Congress that the authority granted by this Act is not to be construed as approval by the Congress of continuing appointments of military men to the office of Secretary of Defense in the future. It is hereby expressed as the sense of the Congress that after General Marshall leaves the office of Secretary of Defense, no additional appointments of military men to that office shall be approved.

Defenselink bio Archived November 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved February 8, 2010; and Marshall Foundation bio Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved February 8, 2010.

dtic.mil

DoDD 5100.1: Enclosure 2: a Department of Defense Directive 5100.1: Functions of the Department of Defense and Its Major Components (PDF). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense. December 21, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 25, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
Joint Publication 1: II-9, II-10 & II-11. Joint Publication 1 – Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (PDF). Joint Publications. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense. March 25, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 27, 2011.
DoDD 5100.1: p.1. Department of Defense Directive 5100.1: Functions of the Department of Defense and Its Major Components (PDF). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense. December 21, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 25, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2011.

federalregister.gov

"Executive Order on Providing an Order of Succession within the Department of Defense". December 10, 2020. Archived from the original on December 15, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2022.

foxnews.com

"Senate confirms Biden's Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin, the first Black Pentagon chief". Fox News. January 22, 2021. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2021.

marshallfoundation.org

See 10 U.S.C. § 113. The National Security Act of 1947 originally required an interval of ten years after relief from active duty, which was reduced to seven years by Sec. 903(a) of the 2008 National Defense Authorization Act. In 1950 Congress passed special legislation (Pub. Law 81-788) to allow George C. Marshall to serve as Secretary of Defense while remaining a commissioned officer on the active list of the Army (Army regulations kept all five-star generals on active duty for life), but warned:
It is hereby expressed as the intent of the Congress that the authority granted by this Act is not to be construed as approval by the Congress of continuing appointments of military men to the office of Secretary of Defense in the future. It is hereby expressed as the sense of the Congress that after General Marshall leaves the office of Secretary of Defense, no additional appointments of military men to that office shall be approved.

Defenselink bio Archived November 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved February 8, 2010; and Marshall Foundation bio Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved February 8, 2010.

nato.int

"NATO – member countries". NATO. Archived from the original on May 17, 2013. Retrieved January 4, 2012.

npr.org

"Why Generals Need Congressional Waivers To Become Defense Secretary". NPR.org. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.

opm.gov

"Salary Table No. 2024-EX Rates of Basic Pay for the Executive Schedule (EX)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 23, 2021.

thehill.com

"Trump administration official Norquist sworn in as acting Pentagon chief". The Hill. January 20, 2021. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021.

unt.edu

digital.library.unt.edu

Peters, Heidi M. (December 1, 2016). "Waiver of Statutory Qualifications Relating to Prior Military Service of the Secretary of Defense". UNT Digital Library. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.

usni.org

news.usni.org

"Letter from Acting Secretary of Defense Richard V. Spencer to Pentagon". USNI News. July 15, 2019. Archived from the original on July 23, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.

web.archive.org

Trask & Goldberg: p. 177. Trask, Roger R.; Goldberg, Alfred (1997). The Department of Defense 1997–1947: Organization and Leaders (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense/U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-16-049163-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 14, 2014.
"Positional Colors for the Department of Defense". United States Army Institute of Heraldry. Archived from the original on September 16, 2023. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
"3 U.S. Code § 19 – Vacancy in offices of both President and Vice President; officers eligible to act". Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2017.
DoDD 5100.1: Enclosure 2: a Department of Defense Directive 5100.1: Functions of the Department of Defense and Its Major Components (PDF). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense. December 21, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 25, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
"NATO – member countries". NATO. Archived from the original on May 17, 2013. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
See 10 U.S.C. § 113. The National Security Act of 1947 originally required an interval of ten years after relief from active duty, which was reduced to seven years by Sec. 903(a) of the 2008 National Defense Authorization Act. In 1950 Congress passed special legislation (Pub. Law 81-788) to allow George C. Marshall to serve as Secretary of Defense while remaining a commissioned officer on the active list of the Army (Army regulations kept all five-star generals on active duty for life), but warned:
It is hereby expressed as the intent of the Congress that the authority granted by this Act is not to be construed as approval by the Congress of continuing appointments of military men to the office of Secretary of Defense in the future. It is hereby expressed as the sense of the Congress that after General Marshall leaves the office of Secretary of Defense, no additional appointments of military men to that office shall be approved.

Defenselink bio Archived November 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved February 8, 2010; and Marshall Foundation bio Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved February 8, 2010.
Joint Publication 1: II-9, II-10 & II-11. Joint Publication 1 – Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States (PDF). Joint Publications. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense. March 25, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 27, 2011.
Trask & Goldberg: pp.11 & 52 Trask, Roger R.; Goldberg, Alfred (1997). The Department of Defense 1997–1947: Organization and Leaders (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense/U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-16-049163-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 14, 2014.
Korb, Lawrence J.; Ogden, Pete (October 31, 2006). "Rumsfeld's Management Failures". Center for American Progress. Archived from the original on October 22, 2017. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
"Senate confirms Biden's Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin, the first Black Pentagon chief". Fox News. January 22, 2021. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
Peters, Heidi M. (December 1, 2016). "Waiver of Statutory Qualifications Relating to Prior Military Service of the Secretary of Defense". UNT Digital Library. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
"Why Generals Need Congressional Waivers To Become Defense Secretary". NPR.org. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
Youssef, Nancy A. (January 21, 2021). "Lloyd Austin Receives Waiver Allowing Him to Become Defense Chief". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
Department of Defense Directive 5100.01 Functions of the Department of Defense and Its Major Components "Department of Defense Directive 5100.01 Functions of the Department of Defense and Its Major Components". Office of the Secretary Defense, Director of Administration and Management, Directorate for Organizational & Management Planning. Archived from the original on May 7, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
DoDD 5100.1: p.1. Department of Defense Directive 5100.1: Functions of the Department of Defense and Its Major Components (PDF). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense. December 21, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 25, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
"Salary Table No. 2024-EX Rates of Basic Pay for the Executive Schedule (EX)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 23, 2021.
"James V. Forrestal – Harry S. Truman Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on August 14, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Louis A. Johnson – Harry S. Truman Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"George C. Marshall – Harry S. Truman Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Robert A. Lovett – Harry S. Truman Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Neil H. McElroy – Dwight D. Eisenhower Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Robert S. McNamara – John F. Kennedy / Lyndon Johnson Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Clark M. Gifford – Lyndon Johnson Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 13, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Melvin R. Laird – Richard Nixon Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Elliot L. Richardson – Richard Nixon Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"James R. Schlesinger – Richard Nixon / Gerald Ford Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Donald H. Rumsfeld – Gerald Ford Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Harold Brown – James Carter Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on November 22, 2018. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Caspar W. Weinberger – Ronald Reagan Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on October 22, 2023. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Frank C. Carlucci – Ronald Reagan Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"II. Secretaries of Defense" (PDF). Washington Headquarters Services – Pentagon Digital Library. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017. (Deputy Secretary of Defense William H. Taft served as acting secretary of defense from 20 January 1989 until 21 March 1989).
"Richard B. Cheney – George H.W. Bush Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on June 14, 2019. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Leslie Aspin – William J. Clinton Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on July 8, 2023. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Les Aspin Serves One Year As Defense Secretary". Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
"William J. Perry – William J. Clinton Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"II. Secretaries of Defense" (PDF). Washington Headquarters Services – Pentagon Digital Library. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017. Sworn in as secretary of defense on 3 February 1994 and served until 24 January 1997.
"William S. Cohen – William J. Clinton Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on September 19, 2023. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Donald H. Rumsfeld – George W. Bush Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Robert M. Gates – George W. Bush / Barack Obama Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Leon E. Panetta – Barack Obama Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Chuck Hagel – Barack Obama Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 25, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"Ashton B. Carter – Barack Obama Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"James N. Mattis – Donald Trump Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 12, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
"PN583 – Patrick M. Shanahan – Department of Defense". Congress.gov. Library of Congress. July 18, 2017. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
"Dr. Mark T. Esper – Acting Secretary of Defense". United States Department of Defense. June 24, 2019. Archived from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
"Letter from Acting Secretary of Defense Richard V. Spencer to Pentagon". USNI News. July 15, 2019. Archived from the original on July 23, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
"Trump administration official Norquist sworn in as acting Pentagon chief". The Hill. January 20, 2021. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
"Senate confirms Lloyd Austin to be first Black defense secretary". cnn.com. January 22, 2021. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
"Executive Order on Providing an Order of Succession within the Department of Defense". December 10, 2020. Archived from the original on December 15, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2022.

whs.mil

"II. Secretaries of Defense" (PDF). Washington Headquarters Services – Pentagon Digital Library. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017. (Deputy Secretary of Defense William H. Taft served as acting secretary of defense from 20 January 1989 until 21 March 1989).
"II. Secretaries of Defense" (PDF). Washington Headquarters Services – Pentagon Digital Library. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017. Sworn in as secretary of defense on 3 February 1994 and served until 24 January 1997.

wsj.com

Youssef, Nancy A. (January 21, 2021). "Lloyd Austin Receives Waiver Allowing Him to Become Defense Chief". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.