Units of information (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Units of information" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

9loc.gov

70^th place

63^rd place

8web.archive.org

1^st place

8books.google.com

3^rd place

6doi.org

2^nd place

2trailing-edge.com

low place

8,128^th place

2ieee.org

652^nd place

515^th place

2thecorememory.com

low place

1meulie.net

low place

1springer.com

274^th place

309^th place

1reference.com

657^th place

613^th place

1semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

1iso.org

629^th place

610^th place

1jedec.org

low place

7,755^th place

1yourdictionary.com

4,339^th place

3,590^th place

1wolfram.com

513^th place

537^th place

1bitsavers.org

4,153^rd place

2,291^st place

1donnamaie.com

low place

1wikipedia.org

low place

1cern.ch

1,959^th place

1,611^th place

1spatula-city.org

low place

1univr.it

low place

1computer-museum.ru

low place

1espacenet.com

800^th place

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1google.com

163^rd place

185^th place

1storage.googleapis.com

5,609^th place

3,891^st place

bitsavers.org

Control Data 8092 TeleProgrammer: Programming Reference Manual (PDF). Minneapolis, Minnesota, US: Control Data Corporation. 1964. IDP 107a. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-05-25. Retrieved 2020-07-27.

books.google.com

Horak, Ray (2007). Webster's New World Telecom Dictionary. John Wiley & Sons. p. 402. ISBN 9-78047022571-4.
Svoboda, Antonín; White, Donnamaie E. (2016) [2012, 1985, 1979-08-01]. Advanced Logical Circuit Design Techniques (PDF) (retyped electronic reissue ed.). Garland STPM Press (original issue) / WhitePubs Enterprises, Inc. (reissue). ISBN 0-8240-7014-3. LCCN 78-31384. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-04-14. Retrieved 2017-04-15. [1][2]
Paul, Reinhold (2013). Elektrotechnik und Elektronik für Informatiker - Grundgebiete der Elektronik (in German). Vol. 2. B.G. Teubner Stuttgart / Springer. ISBN 978-3-32296652-0. Retrieved 2015-08-03.
Böhme, Gert; Born, Werner; Wagner, B.; Schwarze, G. (2013-07-02) [1969]. Reichenbach, Jürgen (ed.). Programmierung von Prozeßrechnern. Reihe Automatisierungstechnik (in German). Vol. 79. VEB Verlag Technik [de] Berlin, reprint: Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-663-02721-8. ISBN 978-3-663-00808-8. 9/3/4185.
Erle, Mark A. (2008-11-21). Algorithms and Hardware Designs for Decimal Multiplication (Thesis). Lehigh University (published 2009). ISBN 978-1-10904228-3. 1109042280. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
Kneusel, Ronald T. (2015). Numbers and Computers. Springer Verlag. ISBN 9783319172606. 3319172603. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
Schneider, Carl (2013) [1970]. Datenverarbeitungs-Lexikon [Lexicon of information technology] (in German) (softcover reprint of hardcover 1st ed.). Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH / Betriebswirtschaftlicher Verlag Dr. Th. Gabler GmbH. pp. 201, 308. doi:10.1007/978-3-663-13618-7. ISBN 978-3-409-31831-0. Retrieved 2016-05-24. […] slab, Abk. aus syllable = Silbe, die kleinste adressierbare Informationseinheit für 12 bit zur Übertragung von zwei Alphazeichen oder drei numerischen Zeichen. (NCR) […] Hardware: Datenstruktur: NCR 315-100 / NCR 315-RMC; Wortlänge: Silbe; Bits: 12; Bytes: –; Dezimalziffern: 3; Zeichen: 2; Gleitkommadarstellung: fest verdrahtet; Mantisse: 4 Silben; Exponent: 1 Silbe (11 Stellen + 1 Vorzeichen) […] [slab, abbr. for syllable = syllable, smallest addressable information unit for 12 bits for the transfer of two alphabetical characters or three numerical characters. (NCR) […] Hardware: Data structure: NCR 315-100 / NCR 315-RMC; Word length: Syllable; Bits: 12; Bytes: –; Decimal digits: 3; Characters: 2; Floating point format: hard-wired; Significand: 4 syllables; Exponent: 1 syllable (11 digits + 1 prefix)]
Nicoud, Jean-Daniel (1986). Calculatrices (in French). Vol. 14 (2 ed.). Lausanne: Presses polytechniques romandes. ISBN 2-88074054-1.

cern.ch

cds.cern.ch

Muller, Jean-Michel; Brisebarre, Nicolas; de Dinechin, Florent; Jeannerod, Claude-Pierre; Lefèvre, Vincent; Melquiond, Guillaume; Revol, Nathalie; Stehlé, Damien; Torres, Serge (2010). Handbook of Floating-Point Arithmetic (1 ed.). Birkhäuser. doi:10.1007/978-0-8176-4705-6. ISBN 978-0-8176-4704-9. LCCN 2009939668.

computer-museum.ru

Brousentsov, N. P.; Maslov, S. P.; Ramil Alvarez, J.; Zhogolev, E. A. "Development of ternary computers at Moscow State University". Retrieved 2010-01-20.

doi.org

Beebe, Nelson H. F. (2017-08-22). "Chapter I. Integer arithmetic". The Mathematical-Function Computation Handbook - Programming Using the MathCW Portable Software Library (1 ed.). Salt Lake City, UT, US: Springer International Publishing AG. p. 970. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64110-2. ISBN 978-3-319-64109-6. LCCN 2017947446. S2CID 30244721.
Böhme, Gert; Born, Werner; Wagner, B.; Schwarze, G. (2013-07-02) [1969]. Reichenbach, Jürgen (ed.). Programmierung von Prozeßrechnern. Reihe Automatisierungstechnik (in German). Vol. 79. VEB Verlag Technik [de] Berlin, reprint: Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-663-02721-8. ISBN 978-3-663-00808-8. 9/3/4185.
IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic. 2008-08-29. pp. 1–70. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.2008.4610935. ISBN 978-0-7381-5752-8. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
Muller, Jean-Michel; Brisebarre, Nicolas; de Dinechin, Florent; Jeannerod, Claude-Pierre; Lefèvre, Vincent; Melquiond, Guillaume; Revol, Nathalie; Stehlé, Damien; Torres, Serge (2010). Handbook of Floating-Point Arithmetic (1 ed.). Birkhäuser. doi:10.1007/978-0-8176-4705-6. ISBN 978-0-8176-4704-9. LCCN 2009939668.
Schneider, Carl (2013) [1970]. Datenverarbeitungs-Lexikon [Lexicon of information technology] (in German) (softcover reprint of hardcover 1st ed.). Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH / Betriebswirtschaftlicher Verlag Dr. Th. Gabler GmbH. pp. 201, 308. doi:10.1007/978-3-663-13618-7. ISBN 978-3-409-31831-0. Retrieved 2016-05-24. […] slab, Abk. aus syllable = Silbe, die kleinste adressierbare Informationseinheit für 12 bit zur Übertragung von zwei Alphazeichen oder drei numerischen Zeichen. (NCR) […] Hardware: Datenstruktur: NCR 315-100 / NCR 315-RMC; Wortlänge: Silbe; Bits: 12; Bytes: –; Dezimalziffern: 3; Zeichen: 2; Gleitkommadarstellung: fest verdrahtet; Mantisse: 4 Silben; Exponent: 1 Silbe (11 Stellen + 1 Vorzeichen) […] [slab, abbr. for syllable = syllable, smallest addressable information unit for 12 bits for the transfer of two alphabetical characters or three numerical characters. (NCR) […] Hardware: Data structure: NCR 315-100 / NCR 315-RMC; Word length: Syllable; Bits: 12; Bytes: –; Decimal digits: 3; Characters: 2; Floating point format: hard-wired; Significand: 4 syllables; Exponent: 1 syllable (11 digits + 1 prefix)]
IEEE Standard for a 32-bit Microprocessor Architecture. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 1995. pp. 5–7. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.1995.79519. ISBN 1-55937-428-4. Retrieved 2016-02-10. (NB. The standard defines doublets, quadlets, octlets and hexlets as 2, 4, 8 and 16 bytes, giving the numbers of bits (16, 32, 64 and 128) only as a secondary meaning. This might be important given that bytes were not always understood to mean 8 bits (octets) historically.)

donnamaie.com

Svoboda, Antonín; White, Donnamaie E. (2016) [2012, 1985, 1979-08-01]. Advanced Logical Circuit Design Techniques (PDF) (retyped electronic reissue ed.). Garland STPM Press (original issue) / WhitePubs Enterprises, Inc. (reissue). ISBN 0-8240-7014-3. LCCN 78-31384. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-04-14. Retrieved 2017-04-15. [1][2]

espacenet.com

worldwide.espacenet.com

US 4319227, Malinowski, Christopher W.; Rinderle, Heinz & Siegle, Martin, "Three-state signaling system", issued 1982-03-09, assigned to AEG-Telefunken

google.com

"US4319227". Google.

ieee.org

ieeexplore.ieee.org

IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic. 2008-08-29. pp. 1–70. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.2008.4610935. ISBN 978-0-7381-5752-8. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
IEEE Standard for a 32-bit Microprocessor Architecture. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 1995. pp. 5–7. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.1995.79519. ISBN 1-55937-428-4. Retrieved 2016-02-10. (NB. The standard defines doublets, quadlets, octlets and hexlets as 2, 4, 8 and 16 bytes, giving the numbers of bits (16, 32, 64 and 128) only as a secondary meaning. This might be important given that bytes were not always understood to mean 8 bits (octets) historically.)

iso.org

ISO/IEC standard is ISO/IEC 80000-13:2008. This standard cancels and replaces subclauses 3.8 and 3.9 of IEC 60027-2:2005. The only significant change is the addition of explicit definitions for some quantities. ISO Online Catalogue

jedec.org

"Dictionary of Terms for Solid State Technology – 7th Edition". JEDEC Solid State Technology Association. February 2018. pp. 100, 118, 135. JESD88F. Retrieved 2021-06-25.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Mackenzie, Charles E. (1980). Coded Character Sets, History and Development (PDF). The Systems Programming Series (1 ed.). Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. p. xii. ISBN 978-0-201-14460-4. LCCN 77-90165. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 26, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
Beebe, Nelson H. F. (2017-08-22). "Chapter I. Integer arithmetic". The Mathematical-Function Computation Handbook - Programming Using the MathCW Portable Software Library (1 ed.). Salt Lake City, UT, US: Springer International Publishing AG. p. 970. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64110-2. ISBN 978-3-319-64109-6. LCCN 2017947446. S2CID 30244721.
Steinbuch, Karl W.; Wagner, Siegfried W., eds. (1967) [1962]. Written at Karlsruhe, Germany. Taschenbuch der Nachrichtenverarbeitung (in German) (2 ed.). Berlin / Heidelberg / New York: Springer-Verlag OHG. pp. 835–836. LCCN 67-21079. Title No. 1036.
Steinbuch, Karl W.; Weber, Wolfgang; Heinemann, Traute, eds. (1974) [1967]. Written at Karlsruhe / Bochum. Taschenbuch der Informatik - Band III - Anwendungen und spezielle Systeme der Nachrichtenverarbeitung (in German). Vol. 3 (3 ed.). Berlin / Heidelberg / New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 357–358. ISBN 3-540-06242-4. LCCN 73-80607.
Svoboda, Antonín; White, Donnamaie E. (2016) [2012, 1985, 1979-08-01]. Advanced Logical Circuit Design Techniques (PDF) (retyped electronic reissue ed.). Garland STPM Press (original issue) / WhitePubs Enterprises, Inc. (reissue). ISBN 0-8240-7014-3. LCCN 78-31384. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-04-14. Retrieved 2017-04-15. [1][2]
Speiser, Ambrosius Paul (1965) [1961]. Digitale Rechenanlagen - Grundlagen / Schaltungstechnik / Arbeitsweise / Betriebssicherheit [Digital computers - Basics / Circuits / Operation / Reliability] (in German) (2 ed.). ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland: Springer-Verlag / IBM. pp. 6, 34, 165, 183, 208, 213, 215. LCCN 65-14624. 0978.
Steinbuch, Karl W., ed. (1962). Written at Karlsruhe, Germany. Taschenbuch der Nachrichtenverarbeitung (in German) (1 ed.). Berlin / Göttingen / New York: Springer-Verlag OHG. p. 1076. LCCN 62-14511.
Muller, Jean-Michel; Brisebarre, Nicolas; de Dinechin, Florent; Jeannerod, Claude-Pierre; Lefèvre, Vincent; Melquiond, Guillaume; Revol, Nathalie; Stehlé, Damien; Torres, Serge (2010). Handbook of Floating-Point Arithmetic (1 ed.). Birkhäuser. doi:10.1007/978-0-8176-4705-6. ISBN 978-0-8176-4704-9. LCCN 2009939668.
Dewar, Robert Berriedale Keith; Smosna, Matthew (1990). Microprocessors - A Programmer's View (1 ed.). Courant Institute, New York University, New York, US: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. p. 85. ISBN 0-07-016638-2. LCCN 89-77320. (xviii+462 pages)

meulie.net

textfiles.meulie.net

Mackenzie, Charles E. (1980). Coded Character Sets, History and Development (PDF). The Systems Programming Series (1 ed.). Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. p. xii. ISBN 978-0-201-14460-4. LCCN 77-90165. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 26, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2019.

reference.com

dictionary.reference.com

Nybble at dictionary reference.com; sourced from Jargon File 4.2.0, accessed 2007-08-12

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Beebe, Nelson H. F. (2017-08-22). "Chapter I. Integer arithmetic". The Mathematical-Function Computation Handbook - Programming Using the MathCW Portable Software Library (1 ed.). Salt Lake City, UT, US: Springer International Publishing AG. p. 970. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64110-2. ISBN 978-3-319-64109-6. LCCN 2017947446. S2CID 30244721.

spatula-city.org

Zbiciak, Joe. "AS1600 Quick-and-Dirty Documentation". Retrieved 2013-04-28.

springer.com

Jaeger, Gregg (2007). Quantum information: an overview.

storage.googleapis.com

patentimages.storage.googleapis.com

"US4319227" (PDF). Patentimages.

thecorememory.com

"315 Electronic Data Processing System" (PDF). NCR. November 1965. NCR MPN ST-5008-15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-05-24. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
Bardin, Hillel (1963). "NCR 315 Seminar" (PDF). Computer Usage Communique. 2 (3). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-05-24.

trailing-edge.com

bitsavers.trailing-edge.com

"Terms And Abbreviations / 4.1 Crossing Page Boundaries". MCS-4 Assembly Language Programming Manual - The INTELLEC 4 Microcomputer System Programming Manual (PDF) (Preliminary ed.). Santa Clara, California, US: Intel Corporation. December 1973. pp. v, 2-6, 4-1. MCS-030-1273-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2020-03-02. […] Bit - The smallest unit of information which can be represented. (A bit may be in one of two states I 0 or 1). […] Byte - A group of 8 contiguous bits occupying a single memory location. […] Character - A group of 4 contiguous bits of data. […] programs are held in either ROM or program RAM, both of which are divided into pages. Each page consists of 256 8-bit locations. Addresses 0 through 255 comprise the first page, 256-511 comprise the second page, and so on. […] (NB. This Intel 4004 manual uses the term character referring to 4-bit rather than 8-bit data entities. Intel switched to use the more common term nibble for 4-bit entities in their documentation for the succeeding processor 4040 in 1974 already.)
"1. Introduction: Segment Alignment". 8086 Family Utilities - User's Guide for 8080/8085-Based Development Systems (PDF). Revision E (A620/5821 6K DD ed.). Santa Clara, California, US: Intel Corporation. May 1982 [1980, 1978]. p. 1-6. Order Number: 9800639-04. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-02-29. Retrieved 2020-02-29.

univr.it

profs.scienze.univr.it

Knuth, Donald Ervin (2004-02-15) [1999]. Fascicle 1: MMIX (PDF) (0th printing, 15th ed.). Stanford University: Addison-Wesley. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-03-30. Retrieved 2017-03-30.

web.archive.org

Mackenzie, Charles E. (1980). Coded Character Sets, History and Development (PDF). The Systems Programming Series (1 ed.). Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. p. xii. ISBN 978-0-201-14460-4. LCCN 77-90165. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 26, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
Control Data 8092 TeleProgrammer: Programming Reference Manual (PDF). Minneapolis, Minnesota, US: Control Data Corporation. 1964. IDP 107a. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-05-25. Retrieved 2020-07-27.
Svoboda, Antonín; White, Donnamaie E. (2016) [2012, 1985, 1979-08-01]. Advanced Logical Circuit Design Techniques (PDF) (retyped electronic reissue ed.). Garland STPM Press (original issue) / WhitePubs Enterprises, Inc. (reissue). ISBN 0-8240-7014-3. LCCN 78-31384. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-04-14. Retrieved 2017-04-15. [1][2]
"Terms And Abbreviations / 4.1 Crossing Page Boundaries". MCS-4 Assembly Language Programming Manual - The INTELLEC 4 Microcomputer System Programming Manual (PDF) (Preliminary ed.). Santa Clara, California, US: Intel Corporation. December 1973. pp. v, 2-6, 4-1. MCS-030-1273-1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2020-03-02. […] Bit - The smallest unit of information which can be represented. (A bit may be in one of two states I 0 or 1). […] Byte - A group of 8 contiguous bits occupying a single memory location. […] Character - A group of 4 contiguous bits of data. […] programs are held in either ROM or program RAM, both of which are divided into pages. Each page consists of 256 8-bit locations. Addresses 0 through 255 comprise the first page, 256-511 comprise the second page, and so on. […] (NB. This Intel 4004 manual uses the term character referring to 4-bit rather than 8-bit data entities. Intel switched to use the more common term nibble for 4-bit entities in their documentation for the succeeding processor 4040 in 1974 already.)
"315 Electronic Data Processing System" (PDF). NCR. November 1965. NCR MPN ST-5008-15. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-05-24. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
Bardin, Hillel (1963). "NCR 315 Seminar" (PDF). Computer Usage Communique. 2 (3). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-05-24.
Knuth, Donald Ervin (2004-02-15) [1999]. Fascicle 1: MMIX (PDF) (0th printing, 15th ed.). Stanford University: Addison-Wesley. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-03-30. Retrieved 2017-03-30.
"1. Introduction: Segment Alignment". 8086 Family Utilities - User's Guide for 8080/8085-Based Development Systems (PDF). Revision E (A620/5821 6K DD ed.). Santa Clara, California, US: Intel Corporation. May 1982 [1980, 1978]. p. 1-6. Order Number: 9800639-04. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-02-29. Retrieved 2020-02-29.

wikipedia.org

de.wikipedia.org

Böhme, Gert; Born, Werner; Wagner, B.; Schwarze, G. (2013-07-02) [1969]. Reichenbach, Jürgen (ed.). Programmierung von Prozeßrechnern. Reihe Automatisierungstechnik (in German). Vol. 79. VEB Verlag Technik [de] Berlin, reprint: Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-663-02721-8. ISBN 978-3-663-00808-8. 9/3/4185.

Units of information (English Wikipedia)

bitsavers.org

books.google.com

cern.ch

cds.cern.ch

computer-museum.ru

doi.org

donnamaie.com

espacenet.com

worldwide.espacenet.com

google.com

ieee.org

ieeexplore.ieee.org

iso.org

jedec.org

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

meulie.net

textfiles.meulie.net

reference.com

dictionary.reference.com

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

spatula-city.org

springer.com

storage.googleapis.com

patentimages.storage.googleapis.com

thecorememory.com

trailing-edge.com

bitsavers.trailing-edge.com

univr.it

profs.scienze.univr.it

web.archive.org

wikipedia.org

de.wikipedia.org

wolfram.com

mathworld.wolfram.com

yourdictionary.com